高考情态动词用法总结

主语+should,would, might,could＋动词 原形
If+主语+had +过去分词
主语＋should, would, might, could ＋have done
与将来 相反的 假设
1、If+主语+动词过去式 主语＋should, would 2、If+主语+were to+ 动词原形 3、If+主语+should +动词原形 might, could＋动词 原形
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几组与情态动词有关的句型结构 1．can't help doing sth 情不自禁地做某事 2．cannot help to do sth 不能帮忙做某事 3．do everything/all one can to do sth尽其所能去 做某事，尽力做某事 注意：类似的表达还有sb do what one can to do sth；do/try one's best to do sth。 4．might/may as well最好„„，还是„„为好。 5．can not/never too＋形容词/副词 再„„也不为过，越„„越好。
1、情态动词 + v 表示对现在或将来动作的猜测。 情态动词 + have + p.p表示对过去动作的猜测。
• • • •

must have done 一定做过 may/might have done 可能做过 can’t have done 不可能做过 needn’t have done 表示”本来不必做(却做 了)” • ought to /should have done 表示”本来应当 做的却做” • should + have done本来应当做的却做
1. The door was lacked. She couldn’t have been at home.3 2. You could have been more careful.
1. May
1. 表示可能性 2. 表示允许 3. 表示祝愿
过去式Might ；语气更委婉 Eg. 1. She may be still waiting for us. 可能
Would 与 used to
2、used to 则还可以接表示状态的动词。 Eg. He used to be a worker.
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Dare / dared
1、情态动词用于否定、疑问句；条件从句中。 eg.
1. Dare you go here alone? 2. How dare you do such foolish things? 3. I won’t allow you to swim in the river, even if you dare do it.
Revision for Modal Verbs
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●The basic uses of Modal Verbs 1、Can / could 2、May / might 6、Dare 7、Need
3、Must
4、Shall / should 5、will / would
8、ought to
9、三点说明 10、典型错误
must后接的是be sleeping，是对正在进行 的情况推测
1.We must have learned 2,000 words by the end of last term, hadn’t we?
若句中含有过去完成时的时间状语，用过去 完成时完成反意疑问句
2.It must have rained last night, for the road was very muddy，didn’t it? 若句中含有过去的时间状语，用一般过去时完成反 意疑问句 3.He must have gone to Beijing, hasn’t he? 若句中不含任何时间状语， 用现在完成时完成反 意疑问句
Eg. The road is wet. It must have rained last night.
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1、Shall
/should
1、第一、三人称疑问句中表示“请求 或征求对方意见。 Eg. Shall I get you a cup of coffee? “好吗” 2、第二、三人称陈述句中表“命令、责任、 威胁、惊讶” 该.一定 You shall do as your father says. 3.You should wear slippers in class. 竟然 1、表示允诺 “会（得到）。
２．省略句
在条件句中，可省略 if，把were ,had, should 提到句首，变为倒 装句式．
If I were at school again, I would study harder.
Were I at school again, I would study harder.
If you had come earlier, you would have met him. Had you come earlier, you would have met him. If it should rain tomorrow, we would not go climbing. Should it rain tomorrow, we would not go climbing.
Ought to
1、其否定式为ought not to
2、ought to + have + p.p 表示本来应该做而没有做到。
Eg. You ought not to have cut away the trees around the old building.
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三点说明
1、情态动词 + v 表示对现在或将来动作的猜测。 情态动词 + have + p.p表示对过去动作的猜测。 2、情态动词的过去式与原形相比，多点礼貌，少点冒昧， 语气更为委婉。 情态动词在一般疑问句中的回答： ① Can you sing? Yes, I can. No, I can’t. ② May I come in? Yes, you may. No, you mustn’t. Yes, you must. ③ Must I hand in the book now? No, needn’t /don’t have to. Yes, you must. ④ Need I finish it now? No, you needn’t. 11
2.用于表示命令、建议、要求等一类词后面的宾语从句。
insist, order, command, suggest, advise, propose, require, request, demand, desire etc.
We suggested that the meeting (should) be put off. They insisted that the boy (should) go with them. 1. It is (high / about ) time that…从句中的谓语动词用过 去式或should＋动词原形，should不能省略．
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因must后是系动词 be
1.Judging from his accident, he must be from the south, isn’t, he?
因must后是实意动词like
2.Tom bought a lot of apples. He must like eating apples, didn’t he? 3.It is eleven o’clock at night and the lights are off. They must be sleeping now, aren’t they?
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1. Can
1“能”
1. 表示能力 The parrot can speak three languages. 2. 表示允许 Can I borrow the book from the library. 3. 表示可能性 Can Shanghai be very cold in March? 2.可以 3.可能（否定疑问句中）
2 、做实意动词后加不定式。 eg. I have never dared to tell him about it.
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Need /needed
1、情态动词用于否定句，疑问句。 2、实意动词用法似dare,用作不定式。 3、need + not + have +p.p 表示“本来不需要做而做了。
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Could 过去式；语气更委婉
2. Can 与 be able to
1. Can 表示习惯能力， 而be able to表示经过那里而做成了某事。 2. 在否定结构中，二者可以互换。
1.在否定、疑问句中表示“对过去发生 3. can./could + have +p.p 行为的可能性猜测。“不可能做过” 2. 在肯定句中表示“本来可以做而未做”
• I 情 态 动 词 的 定 义
情态动词是一种本身有一定的词义，表示说话人的情绪、态 度或语气的动词，但不能单独作谓语，只能和其他动词原形 构成谓语。
情态动词有： can (could), may (might), must, need, ought to,
dare (dared), shall (should), will (would) . 2 情 态 动 词 的 特 点 情态动词无人称和数的变化，情态动词后面跟的动词需用原形，否 定式构成是在情态动词后面加“not”。个别情态动词有现在式和过 去式两种形式，过去式可以用来表达更加客气、委婉的语气，时态 性不强，可用于过去，现在或将来。
典型错误
1. He mustn’t be in the classroom. ( Can’t ) 2. You might leave the bag on the bus. ( might have left ) 3. You must have seen the film last week, have’t you? ( didn’t you ) 4. Li Ming must have been to Japan, didn’t he? ( hasn’t he )
虚拟语气
虚拟语气的概念
• 虚拟语气是一种特殊的动词形式，一是 用来表示说话人所说的话不是一个事实， 而是一种假设、猜测、怀疑等(在条件从 句中或让步状语从句中)；一是表示说话 人的愿望、要求、命令、建议等 (在宾语 从句、表语从句、同位语从句)。
一、虚拟语气在条件句中
虚拟条件句 与现在 事实相 反的假 设 与过去 相反的 假设 If+主语+动词的过去式 （动词be用were) 主句
2. May I come in?
可以
3.May you have a happy holiday. 祝 2. may/might + have +p.p 1. 肯定句中表示对 过去动作的推测“可能做过…” 2. Might+have+p.p表示虚拟， 表“劝告、责备之意。”
Eg. 1. He might have spoken to her yesterday. 2. You might have told me earlier.
should 过去式 语气更委婉
2、shall/should ought to
2、表示命令/警告 威胁 “该/必须” + have +p.p 表示本应该做而未做。
Eg. You should have been five minutes ago.
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Will/ would
会 1、表示意愿 I’ll try my best to overcome the difficulty. 2、表示意图 将会 What will you do? 3、表示请示 可以 Will you help me to put these books in order? 4、表示习惯动作 总是、惯于 She will sit for hours without saying a word. 1、Would 后只能接表示动作的动词。
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1. Must
1. 表示肯定的猜测,但只用于肯定句， 2. 而mustn’t 表示“禁止、不准”
2. Must 、have to 与have got to 3. must + have +p.p
1. Must表示主观 2. Have to表示客观需求 3. Have got to 多见于口语
对过去事情的肯定猜测。“一定做过”