动词的ing 形式做主语和宾语

B4Unit 2 Grammar
The -ing form as the Subject and Object
动词的ing 形式如何构成？有哪些规则？
一．找出句子中有动词-ing做主语和宾语
1．Since then, finding ways to grow more rice has been his life goal. 2．As a young man, he saw the great need for increasing the rice output. 3．Dr Y uan searched for a way to increase rice harvests without expanding the area of the fields.
4．He enjoys listening to violin music, playing mah-jong, swimming and reading.
5．Spending money on himself or leading a comfortable life also means very little to him.
6．Just dreaming for things, however, costs nothing.
7．Dr Yuan awoke from his dream with the hope of producing a kind of rice that could feed more people.
二．.练习与归纳
1.Fill in the blank (tips from the pictures)
(1)._______ _______ is my favourite sport.(play football)
(2).My sister enjoys________ alone on the seashore. (stand)
(3).The cartoon is _________. (amuse)
(4).China is a ___________ country. (develop)
(5).We heard Tommy _______ in his room.(sing)
(6)She sat at the desk _______ a newspaper.(read)
2.动词-ing形式时态和语态:动词-ing形式的构成：是在动词末加-ing 形式构成。

否定形式：not + -ing 构成.动词-ing形式不能单独作谓语，没人称和数的变化，但可以有自己的宾语和状语，还有时态和语态的变化。

3.在本单元讲解动词-ing形式在句中作主语和宾语的用法。

即动名词作主语和宾语．
Part1.动词-ing形式作主语
1. 直接置于句首
(1)Playing t ricks on others is something we should never do.
(2)Learning new words is very important for me.
(3)Talking is easier than doing.说比做容易。

2. 用形式主语it，把真正的主语-ing形式移置句尾。

但这种句子形式有一定的限制，作表语的只能是某些形容词或少数名词。

(1)It is useless trying to argue with Shylock.
(2)It’s wo rth making the effort.这事值得努力去做。

(3)It is pleasant working with you.
常用-ing形式作主语的句型
It + be + a waste of time doing做……是浪费时间的
It is/was no good/use doing 做……是没益/用处的
It is/was hardly/scarcely worth doing 做……不值得
It is/was worth/worthwhile doing 做……是值得的
3. 在there be no doing结构中作主语。

这种结构的意思相当于“It is impossible to do …”。

(1)There is no _________(hide)of evil but not to do it.若要人不知，除非己莫为。

(2)Here is no _________(joke)about such matter.这种事开不得玩笑。

(3)There was no _______(know)when he would leave. 无法知道他什么时候离开。

There is no sense in doing 做……没有道理
Part2.动词-ing形式作宾语
1. 只能后接动词-ing形式作宾语的动词或短语, 常见的有avoid，consider，enjoy，
2. 既可接动词-ing又可接不定式作宾语的动词，常见的有：begin，start，continue，like，love，prefer，by，mean，forget，remember，hate等。

A. 在like，love，hate，prefer等动词之后，用-ing或不定式意义上没有什么不同，只是侧重点有些不同，动词-ing形式表示泛指的动作，不定式表示具体的一次性动作。

B. 在begin/start，continue之后，用动词-ing和不定式，意义无甚区
别，尤其是当主语是人的时候。

C. 在动词forget，remember，regret之后，用动词-ing与不定式意义不同。

动词-ing表示动作先于谓语发生，不定式表示后于谓语动作。

如：
I remember posting the letter.我记得我已把信寄了。

I’ll remember to post the letter.我会记着去寄信的。

I shall never forget seeing the famous writer.我永远不会忘记见到过那位著名作家。

Don’t forget to write to your mother.不要忘了给你母亲写信。

D. 在try，mean之后，意义各不相同，如try to do (设法)，try doing (试试)，
mean to do (打算，有意要做)，mean doing (意思是，意味着)。

E. go on doing和go on to do: go on doing 继续做一直在做的事；
go on to do 接着做另一件事。

如：Please go on doing the same exercise.请接着做同一个练习。

Please go on to do the other exercise.请做另外一个练习。

F. stop doing与stop to do: stop doing 停止做;stop to do 停下正在干的事去干另一件事。

如：We stopped talking.我们停止了交谈。

/We stopped to talk.我们停下来去谈话。

3. 作介词宾语下列短语中的to都是介词，所以后面跟名词或-ing形
式：devote to，object to，pay attention to，get down to，lead to，look forward to，stick to，be used to等。

Step3 Practice
1._______ provides us with essential nutrients (营养), while __________ provides us with oxygen. (eat, breath)
2. Have you forgotten ___________ $1000 from me last month? Will you please remember _________ it tomorrow? (borrow, bring)
3. My brother keeps _________ me with my work. (help)
4. We should often practise ________ English with each other. Speaking ５. Though it sounds a bit too dear (昂贵), it is worth ________. (buy) ６. He devoted his life to _________ the atomic theory. (study)
8. We are both looking forward to _____________ (休假)
next week. (go on vocation)
９. Once the heart stops _________, death follows at once. (beat)
1０. We are now busy ________ for the examination. (prepare)。