Unit2文献阅读与翻译第二章
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ping the original meaning either from specific to general or from concrete to abstract, and vice versa. Eg.bottleneck 瓶颈-交通狭口-阻塞 brain trust 脑托拉斯-智囊团 Substitution:replacing English idioms with Chinese idiomatic expressions of the same meaning according to different situations. Eg.to kill sb. as an example 杀一儆百 Explanation Eg.mindlessness 思想上的浑浊状态
Eg.1:Tension is building up.
形势紧张起来。 张力在增大。 电压在增加。 压力在增强。 ……
Eg.2: the English word of story
This war is becoming the most important story of this generation. (事件) It is quite another story now, for the leadership has changed. (情况) Some reporters who were not included in the session broke the story. (内情) A young man came to a police officer’s office with a story.
(3)Judging from the Context and Collocation
The contextual meaning of the words ―tension‖ and ―story‖
Eg.1:Tension is building up.
形势紧张起来。 张力在增大。 电压在增加。 压力在增强。 ……
(2)
(3)
some usual patterns used in scientific standards,such as:relates to…, treats of…, is concerned with… Eg.This standard
prescribes…,defines…,specifies… 本标准规定…
(2) Judging from the References
Referential pronouns,indefinite pronouns and definite pronouns •Eg.He(father) had sent John to the university and • he was eager to have him distinguish himself. Demonstrative pronouns and demonstrative adverbs •Eg.Health is above wealth,for this cannot give so • much happiness as that. References of comparison Eg.I hate blue shirt; white shirt suits me but
产业发展的另一个目标是提高数据传输的速度。调制解 调器和通讯网络也在不断地得到改进和提高。一些公共数 据网络支持每秒56000比特的传输速度，而家庭使用的调制 解调器也能够达到每秒28800比特的传输速度。
2. In order for television to work, television
images must be scanned and recorded in the same manner as television receivers reproduce them. In the United States, broadcasters and television manufacturers have agreed on a standard of breaking images down into 525 horizontal lines, and scanning images 30 times per second. In Europe, most of Asia, and Australia, images are broken down into 625 lines, and they are scanned 25 times per second.
(1)
the modal word “shall” Eg.Neither party shall terminate this contract without reasonable cause prior to the agreed date of expiration. 双方均不得提前终止合同。
(4)Judging from Different Branches of Learning and Specialties
Eg.”base” The lathe should be set on a firm base.(底座 ， 机械) As we all know,a base reacts with an acid to form a salt.（碱，化学） A transistor has three electrodes,the emitter,the base and the collector.（基极， 电子） Line AB is the base of the triangle ABC.(底边 ，数学) He is on the second base.（垒，体育）
Unit 2
Standards
━ Reflections and Practice
1. Other developments in the industry are aimed
at increasing the speed at which data can be transmitted. Improvements are being made continually in modems and in the communications network. Some public data networks support transmission of 56000 bits per second (bps), and modems for home use are capable of as much as 28800 bps.
Combination so subtle and careful an observer 一位如此精细的观察者 a grim and tragic Christmas 一个惨淡的圣诞节 Pictographic Translation H-beam 工字梁 O-ring 环形圈 Transliteration Wall Street 华尔街 clone 克隆
ansi标准程序语言如fortaincobolc语言等是一些符合ansi标准的编程语言可以避免一种类型的计算机系统或环境向另一种类型传输程序时产生可能带来问题的各种变化
Translation skills(2):Diction
Diction: the proper choice of words and phrases in translation on the basis of accurate comprehension of the original. Key point:translate in collocation or context
2.Methods to Discriminate the Original Meaning of an English Word
(1)
Judging from the Word Formation parabiospheric:外生物层的 para(outside)+bio(biologic)+spheric(having the form of a sphere)
Special Attention:The Translation of Stardards
Some common words may assume specific meaning in stardards and are used as technical terms. • Eg.Grain Size 晶粒度 • Cup Point 凹端
1.Correspondence Between English and Chinese at Word Level
Word-for-word Correspondence Marxism=马克思主义 激光=laser One Word with Multiple Equivalents of the Same Meaning wife: 妻子、爱人、夫人 、老婆、老伴、媳妇、堂客、内人… One Word with Multiple Equivalents of Different Meaning president: 总统、总裁、主席、董事长、议长、委员长、社长、校 长… Equivalents Interwoven with One Another say(speak, talk, tell, relate…): 说（讲、谈、扯、叙、侃… ） Words Without Corresponding Equivalents teenager: 13~19岁的青少年 prey: 被捕食的动物
Eg.3: the Chinese word of “书 ”
申请书;报告书;协议书;成绩通知书 Letter of Application;Report; Agreement; Grade Report ： （使用）说明书：Directions 旅行委托书：Booking Form 成交确认书：Sales Confirmation 电视机使用说明书：Television Operation Guide 白皮书：White Book 家书：a Letter from Home
back
Eg.2: the English word of story
This war is becoming the most important story of this generation.(事件) It is quite another story now.(情况) Some reporters who were not included in the session broke the story.(内情) He’ll be very happy if that story holds up.(说法) The Rita Haywoth story is one of the saddest.(遭遇) A young man came to Scotti’s office with a story.(报 案)
3.Some Techniques Employed in Translating a Given English Word
Deduction:deducting the original meaning in the light of the explanation given in an English dictionary. •munity—a social group or class having • common interests …派(界),…界人士 Transplant:translating without alteration, namely, literal translation of the corresponding parts of an English word. Eg.microwave(微波) supermarket(超级市场)
Eg.1:Tension is building up.
形势紧张起来。 张力在增大。 电压在增加。 压力在增强。 ……
Eg.2: the English word of story
This war is becoming the most important story of this generation. (事件) It is quite another story now, for the leadership has changed. (情况) Some reporters who were not included in the session broke the story. (内情) A young man came to a police officer’s office with a story.
(3)Judging from the Context and Collocation
The contextual meaning of the words ―tension‖ and ―story‖
Eg.1:Tension is building up.
形势紧张起来。 张力在增大。 电压在增加。 压力在增强。 ……
(2)
(3)
some usual patterns used in scientific standards,such as:relates to…, treats of…, is concerned with… Eg.This standard
prescribes…,defines…,specifies… 本标准规定…
(2) Judging from the References
Referential pronouns,indefinite pronouns and definite pronouns •Eg.He(father) had sent John to the university and • he was eager to have him distinguish himself. Demonstrative pronouns and demonstrative adverbs •Eg.Health is above wealth,for this cannot give so • much happiness as that. References of comparison Eg.I hate blue shirt; white shirt suits me but
产业发展的另一个目标是提高数据传输的速度。调制解 调器和通讯网络也在不断地得到改进和提高。一些公共数 据网络支持每秒56000比特的传输速度，而家庭使用的调制 解调器也能够达到每秒28800比特的传输速度。
2. In order for television to work, television
images must be scanned and recorded in the same manner as television receivers reproduce them. In the United States, broadcasters and television manufacturers have agreed on a standard of breaking images down into 525 horizontal lines, and scanning images 30 times per second. In Europe, most of Asia, and Australia, images are broken down into 625 lines, and they are scanned 25 times per second.
(1)
the modal word “shall” Eg.Neither party shall terminate this contract without reasonable cause prior to the agreed date of expiration. 双方均不得提前终止合同。
(4)Judging from Different Branches of Learning and Specialties
Eg.”base” The lathe should be set on a firm base.(底座 ， 机械) As we all know,a base reacts with an acid to form a salt.（碱，化学） A transistor has three electrodes,the emitter,the base and the collector.（基极， 电子） Line AB is the base of the triangle ABC.(底边 ，数学) He is on the second base.（垒，体育）
Unit 2
Standards
━ Reflections and Practice
1. Other developments in the industry are aimed
at increasing the speed at which data can be transmitted. Improvements are being made continually in modems and in the communications network. Some public data networks support transmission of 56000 bits per second (bps), and modems for home use are capable of as much as 28800 bps.
Combination so subtle and careful an observer 一位如此精细的观察者 a grim and tragic Christmas 一个惨淡的圣诞节 Pictographic Translation H-beam 工字梁 O-ring 环形圈 Transliteration Wall Street 华尔街 clone 克隆
ansi标准程序语言如fortaincobolc语言等是一些符合ansi标准的编程语言可以避免一种类型的计算机系统或环境向另一种类型传输程序时产生可能带来问题的各种变化
Translation skills(2):Diction
Diction: the proper choice of words and phrases in translation on the basis of accurate comprehension of the original. Key point:translate in collocation or context
2.Methods to Discriminate the Original Meaning of an English Word
(1)
Judging from the Word Formation parabiospheric:外生物层的 para(outside)+bio(biologic)+spheric(having the form of a sphere)
Special Attention:The Translation of Stardards
Some common words may assume specific meaning in stardards and are used as technical terms. • Eg.Grain Size 晶粒度 • Cup Point 凹端
1.Correspondence Between English and Chinese at Word Level
Word-for-word Correspondence Marxism=马克思主义 激光=laser One Word with Multiple Equivalents of the Same Meaning wife: 妻子、爱人、夫人 、老婆、老伴、媳妇、堂客、内人… One Word with Multiple Equivalents of Different Meaning president: 总统、总裁、主席、董事长、议长、委员长、社长、校 长… Equivalents Interwoven with One Another say(speak, talk, tell, relate…): 说（讲、谈、扯、叙、侃… ） Words Without Corresponding Equivalents teenager: 13~19岁的青少年 prey: 被捕食的动物
Eg.3: the Chinese word of “书 ”
申请书;报告书;协议书;成绩通知书 Letter of Application;Report; Agreement; Grade Report ： （使用）说明书：Directions 旅行委托书：Booking Form 成交确认书：Sales Confirmation 电视机使用说明书：Television Operation Guide 白皮书：White Book 家书：a Letter from Home
back
Eg.2: the English word of story
This war is becoming the most important story of this generation.(事件) It is quite another story now.(情况) Some reporters who were not included in the session broke the story.(内情) He’ll be very happy if that story holds up.(说法) The Rita Haywoth story is one of the saddest.(遭遇) A young man came to Scotti’s office with a story.(报 案)
3.Some Techniques Employed in Translating a Given English Word
Deduction:deducting the original meaning in the light of the explanation given in an English dictionary. •munity—a social group or class having • common interests …派(界),…界人士 Transplant:translating without alteration, namely, literal translation of the corresponding parts of an English word. Eg.microwave(微波) supermarket(超级市场)