(带答案)人教版高中英语必修五第2讲：Unit2 The United Kingdom

Unit2 The United Kingdom
一、词组翻译：
1.由……组成 __________________ 6. 令某人高兴的是____________________
2.把……分成 __________________ 7. 省去；遗漏；不考虑__________________
3.挣脱（束缚）；脱离_______________ 8. 吸引某人的注意力__________________
4.代替 _____________________ 9. 在某人方便的时候__________________
5.（机器）损坏；破坏 _________________ 10. 不乐意做某事___________________
二、词形变化：
1. educational ___________________ (v. 教育) _______________________(n. 教育)
2. attract _______________ (n.吸引力)______________________(adj.有吸引力的)
3. collect _________________(n.收集；收藏品；珍藏 )
4. enjoy ________________(n.令人愉快的；使人高兴的)
5. describe ________________(n.描述)
6. possible ________________(n.可能性) _____________________(adj. 不可能的)
7. arrange __________________ (n.安排)
8. delight _______________(adj.令人高兴的)_________________ (adj. 显示愉快的)
9. origin __________________(adj. 最初的；原始的；独创的；新颖的)
10. architecture_________________(n. 建筑师)
1.掌握重点词汇的搭配及用法，能够正确完成基础类型题。

2.掌握重点句型的用法，会模仿句型进行写作和翻译。

【重点词汇精讲】
1. consist vi.由...组成, 在于, 一致
★ consist of=be made up of 由…组成;由…构成
[典例] 1) Substances consist of small particles called molecules. 物质是由叫做分子的微粒组成的。

2) True charity doesn't consist in almsgiving. 真正的慈善不在于施舍。

[练习] 翻译:
1) 这支球队由12人组成。

___________________________________________
2) 这位艺术家的风格上的美在于它的简朴。

____________________________________________
Keys: 1) the team consists of 12 players.
2)The beauty of the artist's style consists in its simplicity.
2. 区别: Ø separate ... from (把联合在一起或靠近的人或物分离出来）
Ø divide...into 把…分开（把整体分为若干部分）
e.g. The teacher divided the class into two groups.
e.g. The Taiwan Strait separates Taiwan from Fujian.
3. debate about sth.
e.g. They debate about the proposal for three days.
★ debate/argue/discuss/quarrel辩论,争论
【解析】debate就已经确定或统一的问题,各述己见,公开,正式的争论.含交锋的意思；
argue指提出理由或事实，试图在争辩中说服对方，或促使他人拥护自己倡导的理由或观点；
discuss指一般讨论,谈论；
quarrel常指因琐事而感到气愤,进行争吵
【练习】
选择debate/argue/discuss/quarrel或puzzle并用其适当的形式填空
1）The couple are always __________quarreling about the past.
2）Have you _________ the problem with anyone?
3）I _________ with her all day about the situation.
Keys: 1）quarreling 2）discussed 3）argued
4. clarify: vt./vi.澄清；阐明;清楚；明了
e.g. I hope what I say will clarify the situation.
e.g. Can you clarify the question?
5. be linked to = be connected to /be joined to 连接
【习惯用语】★ link A to B 将A和B连接起来
6. refer to
1)提及，指的是……
e.g. When he said “some students”, do you think he was referring to us?
2) 参考；查阅；询问
e.g. If you don't understand a word you may refer to your dictionaries.
e.g. Please refer to the last page of the book for answers.
3) 关系到；关乎
e.g. What I have to say refers to all of you.
e.g. This rule refers to everyone.
★ reference: n. 参考
e.g. reference books 参考书
7. to one's surprise (prep)
“to one’s + 名词” 表“令某人……”，
常见的名词有“delight, disappointment, enjoyment, astonishment 等。

e.g. I discovered, to my horror, that the goods were entirely unfit for sale.
To John's great relief they reached the house at last.
8. ... found themselves united peacefully
“find +宾语＋宾补( adj; adv; v-ing; pp; 介词短语；不定式）”
e.g. A cook will be immediately fired if he is found smoking in the kitchen.
e.g. You’ll find him easy to get along with.
e.g. They found themselves trapped by the bush fire.
e.g. When I woke up, I found myself in hospital.
e.g. I called on him yesterday, but I found him out.
9. leave out省去,遗漏
[典例] 1) You have left out the most important word in this sentence.
你在这一句中遗漏了最重要的一个单词。

2) Don't leave me out when you invite people to your party.
当你邀请人们去参加晚会时，别把我漏掉了。

[重点用法] leave for 动身到(某处) leave alone不管;撇下…一个人
leave aside搁置 leave behind遗忘;遗留
[练习] 请填人适当的介词或副词：
1) They were left ______ in the wilderness.
2) He was asked to make up the information left ______ by the leader.
Keys: 1) alone 2) out
10. break down损坏，跨，压倒，分解
[典例]
1) The bridge broke down. 桥塌了。

2) The engine broke down. 发动机坏了。

3) He has broken down from overwork. 他因工作过度而累垮了。

4) Water can be broken down into hydrogen and oxygen. 水可以分解为氢和氧。

5) The plan to build another chemical work has broken down because it will cause serious pollution.
再建一个化工厂的计划失败了，因为这将引起严重的污染。

[词汇激活]
break away from摆脱，脱离
break in闯入；插话
break into闯入；破门而人；打断(谈话)
break off中止；折断；打折
break out爆发；突然发生
break through突破；冲垮
break up分解；(使)结束;分开,分离
[练习] 请填人适当的介词或副词：
1)To understand the grammar of the sentence, you must break it ___________ into pieces.
2) The elevator broke _______.
3) Fighting broke_______ in the prison cells.
4)Fire broke _______during the night.
5) On the way to the prison house, the prisoners suddenly broke _______ from the policeman.
Keys: 1) down 2) down 3) out 4) out 5) away
11. take the place of代替,取代
[典例] 1) In the future, natural gas will take the place of petrol as the major fuel.
将来天然气会代替汽油成为主要的能源。

2) I’ll take the place of Mr. Lin next week. =I’ll take Mr. Lin's place next week.
下周我将代替林老师。

[重点用法]
take place发生；举行
take one's place就位；代替某人
in place of (= instead of)代替
in place在适当的位置
out of place不得其所，不适当地
in the first place首先
from place to place到处；各处
[练习] 选择以上短语填空
1) A sudden accident _______ in the street last evening.
2)She likes everything _______ before she starts to work. She hates a mess.
Keys: 1)took place 2)in place
12. influence
1) v. 对…产生影响
e.g. What influence you to choose a career in teaching?
2)可数n. 产生影响的人或事
e.g. He is one of the good influences in the school.
3) (不可数n.) 影响
e.g. A teacher has great influence over his pupils.
【重点句子精讲】
1. There is no need to debate any more about why different words are used to describe the four countries. 没有必要去争论为什么要用不同的词去描述这四个国家。

[解释] There is no need to do没有必要做某事
There is no doubt that ……是毫无疑问的
[练习] 翻译
1) 我们有必要再去那一趟吗?_____________________________________
2) 没必要给他写封信告知这个消息._____________________________________________
Keys: 1) Is there any need for us to go there again?
2) There is no need to write to him and inform him the news.
2. It seemed strange that the man who had developed communism should have lived and died in London. 这似乎是一件怪事:这位发展了共产主义的人竟然在伦敦生活过，而且在伦敦去世.
[解释] It is/seems/…that …从句用虚拟语气，由“should+v.原形”构成
[典例] 1) It is strange that my mother should agree with me.真奇怪我妈妈竟然答应了我。

2) It was strange that my mother should have agreed with me. 真奇怪我妈妈竟然答应了我。

[练习] 翻译
1）真奇怪,他竟然考试不及格._______________________________________________________
2）似乎很奇怪，他能够通过触摸判断花的种类。

_______________________________________
Key: 1) It’s strange that he should fail the exam.
2) It seemed strange that he could tell the different kinds of flower by touching.
【重点语法精讲】
过去分词作宾补
1.作宾语补足语的过去分词与宾语之间的关系
1.及物动词（短语）的过去分词用作宾语补足语时，宾语即是过去分词的逻辑宾语，宾语和过
去分词之间存在逻辑上的被动关系。

例如：I want the letter posted. 我想把这封信寄出去。

2. 少数不及物动词如 go, change, fall 等的过去分词作宾语补足语时，仅表示动作完成。

因此，
宾语与过去分词之间不存在逻辑上的被动关系。

例如：She found her necklace gone on her way home. 在回家的路上，她发现项链不见了。

3. 动词 seat, hide, dress, lose, devote 等的过去分词作宾语补足语一般表示状语而不表示被动的
意义，因此，虽然宾语与它们存在逻辑上的主动关系，但也只能用它们的过去分词作宾语补足语。

例如：When I came in, I found a strange girl seated in the corner.
我进来时，发现一个陌生的女孩坐在角落里。

2. 需用过去分词作宾语补足语的情况:
1.使役动词get ,have ,make, keep，leave等后，可用过去分词做宾语补足语，表：“致使某人或某事被…”
●We should keep them informed of what is going on here.
●Jane got her bad tooth pulled out a t the dentist’s.
2 .感官动词feel, find, hear, notice, see, watch等表示感觉和心理状态的动词之后，表：“感受到某人或某事被做”。

●I was sleeping when I heard my name called.
●He was disappointed to find his suggestions turned down.
●I saw him beaten by his mother.
3. 表示“意欲；命令”的动词如：like ,order, want, wish,相当于过去分词短语前省略了to be, 表示“希望/要求某人或某事被做”
●I wish these letters (to be) typed as soon as possible
●He didn’t want such question discussed at the meeting.
●The father wants his daughter taught the piano.
4.有时过去分词作宾补可以变为被动语态，这时过去分词改作主语补足语，说明主语所处
的状态。

●The door was found broken.
5.“with ＋宾语＋过去分词”结构中，过去分词用作介词 with 的宾语补足语。

这一结构通常在句中作时间、方式、条件、原因等状语。

例如：
●The murderer was brought in, with his hands tied behind his back.
凶手被带进来了，他的双手被绑在背后。

（表方式）
●With water heated, we can see the steam. 水一被加热，我们就会看到水蒸气。

（表条件）
●With the matter settled, we all went home.事情得到解决，我们都回家了。

（表原因）
注意：
在这一结构中，当宾语为某一身体部位，且作宾补的动词是及物动词时，身体部位通常是过去分词的逻辑宾语，因而过去分词不可换用现在分词。

She stood in front of him, with her eyes fixed on his face.
她站在他面前，眼睛注视着他（fix one’s eyes on 为固定短语，因此，不可将句中 fixed 换为fixing ）
He stood for an instant with his hand still raised.他仍然举着手站了一会儿。

用某些不及物动词的分词形式作身体部位的宾补时，用现在分词的形式。

She felt her heart beating fast. 她觉得心跳很快。

（beat 意为“心跳”，是不及物动词）
掌握“使役动词 have + 宾语＋过去分词”的几种含义
在“ have ＋宾语＋过去分词”结构中，过去分词作宾语补足语，have 也可用 get.这一结构具有以下几种含义：
1.意为“主语请别人做某事”。

例如：
He wants to have his eyes examined tomorrow.他明天想去检查眼睛。

（“检查”的动作由医生来进行）2. 意为“主语遭遇、遭受某一不愉快、不测的事情”。

例如：
Be careful, or you'll have your hands hurt. 当心，否则会弄伤手的。

3. 意为“使完成某事”，事情既可以是别人做完，也可以由主语参与完成。

例如：
He had the walls painted this morning. 他今早把墙漆了。

（主语自己可能参与）
4. 过去分词与不定式,现在分词作宾补的区别:三者与宾语逻辑上都是主谓关系，但过去分词强调他们之间的被动关系，不定式强调动作发生的全过程，现在分词强调他们之间的主动关系，正在进行。

●I saw her taken out of the classroom.
●I saw her come into the classroom.
●I saw her coming into the classroom.
省略to的情况：
1）情态动词 ( 除ought 外，ought to);
2）使役动词 let, have, make;
3）感官动词 see, watch, look at, notice , observe, hear, listen to, smell, feel, find 等后作宾补，省略to。

注意：在被动语态中则to 不能省掉。

I saw him dance. =He was seen to dance.
The boss made them work the whole night.=They were made to work the whole night.
基础演练
一、用适当的介、副词填空。

1. How many countries does the UK consist ________?
2. Wales was linked ________ it in the thirteenth century.
3. Next England and Wales were joined ________ Scotland ________ the seventeenth century and the name was changed ________ “Great Britain”.
4. Finally the English government tried in the early twentieth century to form the United Kingdom
________ getting Ireland connected ________ the same peaceful way.
5. ________ their credit the four countries do work together ________ some areas, but they still have very different institutions.
6. ________ example, Northern Ireland, England and Scotland have different educational and legal systems as well as different football teams ________ competitions ________ the World Cup!
7. England is the largest ________ the four countries, and ______ convenience it is divided roughly
________ three zones.
8. ________ historical architecture you have to go to older but smaller towns built ________ the Romans.
9. The greatest historical treasure ________ all is London ________ its museums, art collections, theatres, parks and buildings.
10. If you look ________ the British countryside you will find evidence ________ all these invaders.
巩固提高
一、语法填空：
1.It was a great ________________ (convenient) to have a doctor living near us.
2.We had a most _________________ (enjoy) journey.
3.Is there any ________________ (possible) that he will attend the meeting?
4.Have you made _________________ (arrange) to sell your house?
5.The dog and cat lived together in perfect ______________ (unite)
6.Her house looks like a beautiful garden ________ many flowers planted around it.
st month when I went back to my hometown, I found it greatly ________ (change).
8.You’d better have your eyes ________ (check) as soon as possible.
9.The little girl divided the cake ________ pieces.
10.She raised her voice in order to make herself ________ (hear).
二、句子考查：
1. He created the poem to honor his wife. (改写)
________ ________ _______ his wife, he created the poem.
2.All electronic computers ________ ________ ________ ________ (由……组成)five units
although they are of different kinds.
3. Can anything replace a mother's love and care? (改写)
Can anything ________ _______ _______ ________ mother’s love and care?
4. Unless you are invited, you’d better keep silent at the meeting. (改写)
_________ _________, or you’d better keep silent at the meeting.
5. 她竟然在这儿，真是有点奇怪。

（用it, seem 翻译）
__________________________________________________________________
6. The old man’s waist was hurt in the terrible car accident. (改写)
The old man ______ _______ _______ ______ in the terrible car accident.
三、佳句翻译与仿写
1. Now when people refer to England you find Wales included as well.
翻译：
_____________________________________________________ ___________________
仿写：他发现这个地方发生了巨变。

_____________________________________________________ ___________________
2. To their credit the four countries do work together in some areas (eg, the currency and international relations), but they still have very different institutions.
翻译：
_____________________________________________________ ___________________
____________________________________________________ ___________________
仿写：他觉得她救他是应该的——她也确实救了他。

_____________________________________________________ ___________________
____________________________________________________ ___________________
3. Although, nationwide, these cities are not as large as those in China, they have world-famous football teams and some of them even have two!
翻译：
_____________________________________________________ ___________________
____________________________________________________ ___________________
仿写：我虽然有车，但因为交通堵塞很少使用。

_____________________________________________________ ___________________
____________________________________________________ ___________________
4. It is a pity that the industrial cities built in the nineteenth century do not attract visitors.
翻译：
_____________________________________________________ ___________________
____________________________________________________ ___________________
仿写：你不能再多停留些时间，真是遗憾。

_____________________________________________________ ___________________
____________________________________________________ ___________________
5. You must keep your eyes open if you are going to make your trip to the United Kingdom enjoyable and worthwhile.
翻译：
____________________________________________________ ___________________
____________________________________________________ ___________________
仿写：
(1)请保持地面干净。

_____________________________________________________ ___________________
(2)他所说的让我很生气。

_____________________________________________________ _________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
完形填空
One afternoon I toured an art museum and I was looking forward to a quiet view of the masterpieces.
A young couple viewing the paintings ahead of me talked __1__ between themselves. I watched them a moment and __2__ she was doing all the talking.
I __3__ his patience for putting up with her talkativeness. __4__ by their noise, I moved on. I __5__ with them several times as I moved through the various rooms of art. Each time I heard her __6__ flood of words, I moved away quickly. I was __7__ a purchase at the counter of the gift shop when I __8__ the couple approaching the exit. Before they left, the man took out a walking stick and then __9__ his way into the coatroom to get his wife’s jacket.
“He’s a __10__ man，” the clerk at the counter said. “Most of us would give in if we were __11__ at such a young age. During his recovery, he made a vow(发誓) he wouldn’t __12__. So, as before he and his wife come in whenever there’s a new __13__ show.”
“But what does he get out of the art？” I asked. “He can’t see.”
“Can’t see! You’re __14__. He sees a lot. More than you or I do.” The clerk said. “His wife __15__ each painting so he can see it in his __16__.”
I __17__ something about patience, courage and love that day. I saw the __18__ of a young wife describing paintings to a person without __19__ and the courage of a husband who would not allow blindness to change his life. And I saw the love __20__ by two people as I watched this couple walk away
hand in hand.
1. A. continuously B. secretly C. silently D. carefully
2. A. said B. warned C. decided D. appreciated
3. A. hated B. admired C. ignored D. expected
4. A. Delighted B. Satisfied C. Moved D. Annoyed
5. A. met B. quarreled C. observed D. compared
6. A. soft B. constant C. broken D. weak
7. A. taking B. bringing C. producing D. making
8. A. glared B. stared C. noticed D. glanced
9. A. tapped B. felt C. forced D. kept
10. A. patient B. unlucky C. brave D. clever
11. A. dying B. blinded C. deaf D. wordless
12. A. improve B. end C. complete D. change
13. A. play B. art C. architecture D. car
14. A. wise B. foolish C. intelligent D. wrong
15. A. paints B. buys C. admires D. describes
16. A. spirits B. ears C. head D. soul
17. A. learned B. told C. judged D. considered
18. A. bravery B. patience C. politeness D. coldness
19. A. hearing B. sight C. complaint D. delay
20. A. shown B. valued C. shared D. received
阅读理解
To the west and off the European Continent, there are several thousands of islands on the Continental shelf(大陆架). They are generally called the British Isles. Of all these isles, the largest one is called Great Britain. For convenience, it is often shortened to Britain. Still to the west of Great Britain is the second largest island known as Ireland. The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland (UK) is made up of Great Britain, Northern Ireland, and a number of smaller islands around them. The total area of the country is some 240,000 square kilometers with a population of about 57 million.
Great Britain runs nearly 1,000 kilometers from south to north and extends, at the widest part, about 500 kilometers from west to east. Its area is some 230,000 square kilometers. Great Britain is traditionally divided into three parts, or countries: England in the south, Scotland in the north, and Wales in the southwest. There are discernible(可辨别的) differences between them even now.
England is the largest and most developed of all the three. Its area, about 130,000 square kilometers, takes up nearly 60% of the whole island. Its population is more than 46 million which makes up 85% of the country’s whole population. The importance of England is so great in Britain that some foreigners just say “England” when they mean Britain. The same is true of the custom of speaking of t he British people as the English who are the majority in the United Kingdom.
Scotland is the second largest both in area and population. It has an area of about 78,760 square
kilometers, less than 30% of the whole island, with a population of 5 million, less than one-tenth of the whole population.
Wales is the smallest of the three both in area and population. In area, 20,700 square kilometers, makes up less than 9% while its population, 2.7 million, does not exceed(超过)5% of the whole.
1. The British Isles is made up of ________.
A. the European Continent and Great Britain
B. the U. K. and the Republic of Ireland
C. England, Scotland and Wales
D. several thousands of islands to the west and off the European Continent
2. Which of the following figures shows the correct position of Great Britain?
3. From the third paragraph we can infer that Great Britain has a population of about ________ million.
A. 54
B. 46
C. 60
D. 57
4. Which of the following statements is TRUE?
A. England is six times larger than Wales in area.
B. England is six times larger than Scotland in area.
C. Scotland is six times larger than Wales in area.
D. Great Britain is six times larger than Wales in area.
必修五unit 2教案答案
大脑体操答案/巩固提高--语法填空/巩固提高--完成句子
基础演练答案
1.of
2.to
3.to; in; to
4.by; in
5.To; in
6.For; for; like
7.of; for; into
8.For; by
9.of; with 10. around; of 佳句翻译与仿写答案
答案：
1.如今只要人们提起英格兰，你就会发现威尔士总是包括在内的。

He found the place much changed.
2. 值得称赞的是，这四个国家的确在一些方面共同合作(例如在货币和国际关系方面)，但是有些制度仍然区别很大。

He found it quite natural that she should save him—she did save him.
3. 尽管英国任何一个城市都不像中国的城市那样大，但是它们都有着自己享有威名的足球队，有的城市甚至还有两个队！
Although I have a car, I seldom use it because of the traffic jams.
4. 很遗憾，这些建于19世纪的工业城市对游客并没有吸引力。

It’s a pity that you can’t stay longer.
5. 如果你想要使你的英国之旅不虚此行，你就必须把眼睛睁得大大的。

(1)Please keep the floor clean.
(2)What he said made me very angry.
课后习题答案
答案：1.A 2. C 3. B 4. D 5. A 6. B7. D8. C9. A10. C11. B12. D13. B14. D 15. D16. C17. A18. B19. B20. C
答案：1.D 2. B 3. A 4. A。