2022年考研考博-考博英语-首都师范大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析AB卷(带答案)试题号:3
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2022年考研考博-考博英语-首都师范大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖
析AB卷(带答案)
一.综合题(共15题)
1.
单选题
By ()computation, he estimated that the repairs on the house would cost him two thousand dollars.
问题1选项
A.coarse
B.rude
C.crude
D.rough
【答案】D
【解析】考查形容词辨析。
coarse “粗糙的”;rude “粗鲁的,无礼的”;crude “粗糙的,天然的”;rough “粗略的,艰苦的”。
句意:通过粗略估算,他估计房子的整修将花费两千美元。
D项符合句意,答案D
2.
单选题
Some scientists are dubious of the claim that organisms ()with age as an inevitable outcome of living.
问题1选项
A.depress
B.default
C.deteriorate
D.degrade
【答案】D
【解析】考查动词辨析。
depress “压抑,使沮丧”;default“不履行,拖欠”;deteriorate “恶化,变坏”;degrade“退化,使…降级”。
句意:有机物随时间流逝而退化,这也是生命不可避免的结果,一些科学家对此表示怀疑。
D项符合题意,答案D
3.
单选题
We have arranged to go to the cinema on Friday, but we can be ()and go another day.
问题1选项
A.reliable
B.probable
C.feasible
D.flexible
【答案】D
【解析】考查形容词辨析。
reliable“可靠的”;probable“很可能的”;feasible “可行的”;flexible “灵活的,柔韧的”。
句意:我们已经安排好周五去看电影,但是我们也可以看情况改天去。
由go another day可知空格处意为我们也不一定非得周五去,可以灵活变动,改天再去。
答案D
4.
单选题
Some people either()avoid questions of right and wrong or remain neutral about them.
问题1选项
A.violently
B.enthusiastically
C.sincerely
D.deliberately
【答案】D
【解析】考查副词辨析。
violently “激烈地,猛烈地” ;enthusiastically “热心地,满腔热情地” ;sincerely“真诚地”;deliberately “故意地”。
句意:有些人不是故意避开是非的问题就是保持中立。
either…or…要么……要么……,表示并列关系,故答案D
5.
单选题
Now that spring is here, you can ()these fur coats till you need them again next winter.
问题1选项
A.put over
B.put away
C.put off
D.put down
【答案】B
【解析】考查动词词组辨析。
put over “推迟,驶过”;put away “放好,把……收好”;put off “推迟,拖延”;put down “放下,记下”。
句意:春天来了,你可以把这些皮外套给收起来,直到来年冬天再拿出来。
B项符合句意。
答案B 6.
单选题
This is the ()piano on which the composer created some of his greatest works.
问题1选项
A.actual
B.genuine
C.real
D.original
【答案】D
【解析】考查形容词辨析。
actual “实际存在的”;genuine “真实的”;real “真实的,实在的”;original “原创的,原来的”。
句意:那位作曲家就是在这台钢琴上创作出了他最伟大的作品。
D项符合句意,答案D
7.
单选题
Why in an age of technology, should so many people still cling to an ancient belief? In part it must be because astrology (占星术)claims to tell us something about ourselves, and all of us are interested in ourselves. I think it is because astrology is presented as if it were a science by its modern practitioner, and many people are misled by this.
In fact,astrology was never a science. It was not a hypothesis or theory developed to describe natural phenomena, and until fairly recent times, there was no attempt to test or verify its predictions. Astrology began approximately three thousand years ago in Babylonia, it was applied to monarchs and kingdoms, but not to individuals. It spread in the 6th century BC as Far as India, where it flourishes today. The Egyptians, meanwhile, developed their own kind of astrology. But the astrology now practiced in Europe and America is that developed by the Greeks, who synthesized the ideas of Babylonians and Egyptians and enriched them with concepts from their own fertile imaginations. The Greeks believed that the earth was composed of four elements, and the heavens of a perfect crystalline material. The planets themselves were variously thought to be gods, residences of gods, or at least manifestations of gods. The gods were immortal, but otherwise had the same attributes of anger, happiness, jealousy, rage and pleasure as we do. Now if what the gods' thought was capricious (变化无常的),at least the planets were predictable in their movements. Because our own lot in life is so unpredictable, it must be purely at the mercy of gods. But if the gods are the planets, or
somehow associated with them, then we have only to learn the rules of the motions of the planets to understand the whims of the gods and how they shape our own lives. So the belief developed that each of our lives is preordained by the precise configuration of the planets in the sky at the time of our birth.
Astrology could not, of course, have seemed as incredible to the ancients as it does to us .The role of the sun influencing our daily and yearly lives is obvious; it was a natural extension to attribute other powers to the other planets as well. It wasn't until the time of Newton that we understood that the laws of Nature apply to the celestial worlds as well as to the terrestrial one. During antiquity, however, all great scholars believed in astrology.
1.Many people are misled by astrology because it is presented by the practitioners as().
2.It is implied that astrology is based on the belief that
().
3.Which of the following is TRUE about the scholars before the time of Newton?
4.What is the author's purpose in writing the passage?
问题1选项
A.a theory that can describe natural phenomena
B.a magical key to understand themselves
C.an ancient belief that had long been applied to monarchs
D.a mysterious power beyond the explanation of science
问题2选项
A.the gods’ int entions were hard to predict
B.the fate of our lives were unpredictable
C.the gods are closely related to the planets
D.the gods have the same attributes as we do
问题3选项
A.Some of them were convinced by astrology.
B.They didn't know the laws of Nature apply to all planets.
C.They played important roles in the development of astrology.
D.Most of them found astrology incredible
问题4选项
A.To cast doubt on the origin of astrology
B.To compare astrology with real sciences.
C.To point out the popularity of astrology.
D.To justify the incredibility of astrology.
【答案】第1题:A
第2题:C
第3题:B
第4题:D
【解析】第1题:细节事实题。
由第一段“I think it is because astrology is presented as if it were a science by its modern practitioner, and many people are misled by this. 这是因为占星术被它的现代实践者描述为一门科学,许多人被它误导了。
”据此可知A项正确。
答案A
第2题:推理判断题。
The Greeks believed that the earth was composed of fourelements, and the heavens of a perfect crystalline material. The planetsthemselves were variously thought to be gods, residences of gods, or atleast manifestations of gods.希腊人相信地球是由四种元素组成的,而天堂是由完美的水晶物质构成的。
行星本身被以各种方式认为是神,神的住所,或者至少是神的显现。
据此可知C项“神被认为与行星密切相关”正确。
答案C'
第3题:细节事实题。
由文章末尾“It wasn’t until the time of Newton that we understood that the laws of Nature apply to the celestial worlds as well as to the terrestrial one. During antiquity, however, all great scholars believed in astrology. 直到牛顿时代,我们才明白自然法则不仅适用于地球,也适用于天体。
然而,在古代,所有伟大的学者都相信占星术。
”可知古代学者并不知道自然法则适用于所有行星。
B项正确。
第4题:主旨大意题。
由第一段“I think it is because astrology is presented as if it were a science by its modern practitioner, and many people are misled by this. 我认为这是因为占星术被现代的从业者描述成一门科学,很多人被误导了。
”及第二段“In fact,astrology was never a science. 事实上,占星术从来都不是一门科学。
”可知作者认为占星术并非科学,不可信。
答案D。
本文主要是为了说明占星术不是科学,并未将占星术与真正的科学进行对比,故B项不对。
文中对于占星术发展来源的叙述只是为了表明占星术是一种迷信,并不是本文的写作目的,故A项不对。
C项“指出占星
术很受欢迎”并不是本文的写作目的。
8.
单选题
Charles has not the least ()of giving up his research.
问题1选项
A.idea
B.intention
C.mind
D.desire
【答案】B
【解析】考查名词辨析。
idea “主意”;intention“意图,意向”;mind “想法,感觉”;desire “愿望,欲望”。
句意:查尔斯丝毫没有打算放弃他的研究的意向。
答案B
9.
单选题
Women’s critical role in managing natural resources and protecting the environment has been overlooked more often than it has been().
问题1选项
A.acknowledged
B.emphasized
C.memorized
D.associated
【答案】A
【解析】考查动词辨析。
acknowledge“承认”;emphasize“强调,重视”;memorize“记住,背熟”;associate “联想,使发生联系”。
句意:妇女在管理自然资源和保护环境方面的关键作用经常更多地被忽视,而不是被承认。
由 overlooked more often than 可知空格处填“被承认”更符合逻辑。
答案A
10.
单选题
In late autumn swallows fly south to much warmer lands, where they can find plenty of the small flying insects on which they().
问题1选项
A.are fed
B.eat
C.rely
D.feed
【答案】D
【解析】考查固定搭配。
feed on“以…为食”,燕子以飞虫为食,两者之间是主动的关系,故排除A。
句意:在晚秋时节,小燕子向南飞向更暖和的地方,在那里它们能找到许多可以当作食物的小飞虫。
答案D
11.
单选题
Mac’s close ()to his brother made people mistake them for one another.
问题1选项
A.resemblance
B.identity
C.appearance
D.relationship
【答案】A
【解析】考查固定搭配。
resemblance to “与…相像”。
句意:麦克和弟弟长得很相像,人们常常把他们俩认错。
由后文“people mistake them for one another”可知Mac两兄弟长得很像。
答案A
12.
单选题
The new technological revolution in American newspapers has brought increased()a wide range of publications and an expansion of newspaper jobs.
问题1选项
A.manipulation
B.reproduction
C.circulation
D.penetration
【答案】C
【解析】考查名词辨析。
manipulation “操纵,操作”;reproduction “繁殖,复制”;circulation “流通,发行量”;penetration “渗透”。
句意:新的科技革命给美国报纸业带来了发行量的增长、出版物的扩大以及报纸就业机会的增加。
C项符合句意,答案C
13.
单选题
The author of the report is well ()with the problems in the hospital because he has been working there for many years.
问题1选项
A.acquainted
rmed
C.enlightened
D.advised
【答案】A
【解析】考查动词辨析。
acquaint “使熟悉;使认识”,常与with连用;inform “通知,报告”,常用搭配be informed of ;enlighten“启蒙、教导”;advise“建议,劝告”。
句意:这篇报道的作者非常了解医院的问题,因为他在这家医院已经工作很多年了。
A项符合题意,答案A
14.
单选题
Mary was sure to win the prize. Her beauty and intelligence made her ()from the candidates. 问题1选项
A.show off
B.stand out
C.appear up
D.distinguish out
【答案】B
【解析】考查词组辨析。
show off “炫耀”;stand out “突出,脱颖而出”;appear up“出现”;distinguish out “分辨出”。
句意:Mary肯定能获奖。
她的美丽和聪明将让她从候选者中脱颖而出。
由前半句以及Her beauty and intelligence可知她的外貌和才智将使她从候选者中脱颖而出。
答案B
15.
单选题
The actual process by which coal is extracted is well(), if you get the chance and are willing to take the trouble.
问题1选项
A.worth watching
B.worth to be watched
C.worthy watching
D.worthy to be watched
【答案】A
【解析】考查词组辨析。
worth “值得的”;be worth doing“值得做”;worthy “值得的,有价值的”。
句意:如果有机会而且你也不怕费事,采煤的实际过程还是很值得一看的。
根据句意及搭配可知A项正确,答案A。