新教材外研版高中英语必修第二册Unit6 Earth first 单词短语句式等知识点提炼汇总

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Unit 6 Earth first
第一课时Starting out & Understanding ideas ............................................................. - 1 - 第二课时Using language ............................................................................................. - 5 - 第三课时Developing ideas & Presenting ideas ......................................................... - 10 - 第四课时Writing——建议信 .................................................................................... - 15 -
第一课时Starting out & Understanding ideas
重点词汇
1 alarming adj. 使人害怕的;吓人的
[教材原句]Which of the facts in the video do you find most alarming?(P61)
你觉得视频中的哪些事实最令人担忧?[归纳拓展]
(1)alarm n. 警报;惊恐
sound/give/raise the alarm 发出警报;敲警钟
in alarm 惊恐地
alarm clock 闹钟
a fire alarm 火警报警器
(2)alarm vt.使警觉;使惊恐;惊动
alarmed adj. 受惊的;惊恐的;有警报系统的
be alarmed at/by 对……惊恐/担心
2 scare v. 吓唬;使惊恐
[教材原句]People have always been scared of sharks,but Jaws made things worse.(P62)
人们总是害怕鲨鱼,但《大白鲨》使情况更糟。

[归纳拓展]
(1)scare sb. into/out of doing sth.恐吓某人做/不做某事
scare sb. away/off 把某人吓跑
scare sb. to death 吓死某人
(2)scared adj. 害怕的;担心的
be scared of (doing) sth.害怕(做)……;对(做)……感到惊恐
be scared to do sth.不敢做某事
3 effect n. 结果;效力
[教材原句]Finning would have an unexpected effect upon Peter Benchley,the man who wrote the book the film Jaws was based on.(P63)
猎取鱼鳍对彼得·本奇利产生了意想不到的影响,电影《大白鲨》就是根据他的书改编而成的。

[归纳拓展]
(1)have an effect on/upon 对……有效;对……产生影响
put/bring sth. into effect 实施;实行;使生效
come into effect/take effect (法律、规则或制度)生效;实施
of no effect 没有效果的;没有影响的
side effect 副作用
(2)effective adj. 有效的;实际的
4 dive v. 潜水;俯冲;全身心投入n. 潜水;俯冲
[教材原句]In 1980,Benchley was diving when he came across an awful sight.(P63)
1980年,本奇利正在潜水时突然看到一个可怕的景象。

[归纳拓展]
(1)take a dive 突然下降
make a dive for 向……冲去
go diving 去潜水
dive into 潜心于……
(2)“一心投入;潜心于……”的短语还有:devote oneself to; be absorbed in; bury oneself in; be buried in; be occupied in
5.target v. 把……作为目标n. 目标;靶;受批评的对象
[教材原句]“Sharks don't target humans,” he said.(P63)
“鲨鱼不会以人类为目标,”他说。

[归纳拓展]
(1)target sth. on/at... 把……对准,把……瞄向
be targeted on/at 针对,瞄准
(2)the target of ……的目标
set a target 设定目标
hit/miss the target 射中靶子/脱靶
target audience 目标受众
6 fortunately adv. 幸运地
[教材原句]Fortunately, not everyone who watched the film Jaws became afraid of sharks—some became interested in understanding them.(P63)
幸运的是,并不是所有看过电影《大白鲨》的人都害怕鲨鱼——有些人开始对了解鲨鱼感兴趣。

[归纳拓展]
(1)seek one's fortune 寻找致富或成功之路
make a/one's fortune 发财
try one's fortune 碰运气
tell one's fortune 算命
(2)fortunate adj. 幸运的,交好运的
be fortunate to do sth. 做某事是幸运的
(3)unfortunately adv. 不幸地
misfortune n. 厄运;不幸
7 attitude n. 态度;看法
[教材原句]Complete the chart showing how attitudes towards sharks have changed with words and expressions from the passage.(P64)
用文章中的词汇和表达完成这张图表,展示对鲨鱼的态度是如何改变的。

[归纳拓展]
attitude to/towards sb./sth. 对某人/物的态度/看法
have/take a(n)...attitude to/towards sb./sth. 对某人/物持……的态度
in a... attitude 以……姿态
重点短语
1 due to 由于;因为;归因于
[教材原句]This was not only due to fear of sharks, but also finning.(P62)
这不仅是因为害怕鲨鱼,而且是因为割取鱼鳍。

[归纳拓展]
due adj. 应得的;正当的;应付的;预定的
be due to sb. 应付给某人
be due for 应得到
be due to do sth. 预计做某事
[温馨提示]
(1)当due to意为“由于;因……造成;应给予”时,其中的to是介词。

(2)当due to意为“即将/预期做……”时,to为不定式符号。

(3)另外,还要注意due是形容词。

2 cut off 割掉;切断;使隔绝
[教材原句]Finning is a type of fishing where sharks are caught and their fins cut off.(P62)
猎取鱼鳍是一种鲨鱼被捕获,鱼鳍被切断的捕鱼方式。

[归纳拓展]
cut across 抄近路穿过;取捷径通过
cut down 砍倒;削减;减少
cut in 插嘴;强行超车
cut into halves/pieces 切成两半/碎片
cut up 切碎;伤心;难过
cut out 剪除;删除
3 protect...from... 保护……不受……(危害)
[教材原句]Today,as we learn more about sharks, more people than ever want to protect them from extinction.(P63)
今天,随着我们对鲨鱼的了解越来越多,越来越多的人想保护它们免遭灭绝。

[归纳拓展]
(1)protect sb./sth.from/against... 保护某人/某物不受……
prevent/keep/stop sb.from doing sth. 阻止某人做某事
defend...from/against... 保卫……以免……
(2)protection n. 保护
under the protection of... 在……的保护下
(3)protective adj. 保护的;防护的
be protective of/towards sb./sth.出于(对……的)保护
重点句式
1.Some people stopped swimming in the sea,afraid of the horrible creature from the film.P62有些人因为害怕电影里可怕的生物而停止在海里游泳。

[句式分析]
形容词短语afraid of the horrible creature... 在句中作原因状语。

[归纳拓展]
(1)形容词作状语时,说明主语的性质、状态等,在结构上可以是单个形容词,也可以是
形容词短语,通常要用逗号将其和句子的其他部分分开,表示时间、原因、让步、结果、伴随状态或方式等。

(2)在句中位置比较灵活,通常位于句子主语前或句子主语后,有时位于句末,单个形容词作方式状语时还可直接位于动词后面。

2.In 1980, Benchley was diving when he came across an awful sight.P63
1980年,本奇利正在潜水时突然看到一个可怕的景象。

[句式分析]
be doing...when...“正在做……这时突然……”,when为并列连词,表示“这时;突然”,
相当于and at this/that time。

[归纳拓展]
when用作并列连词时,意为“就在这/那时”,相当于and then或and at this/that time,常用于以下句型中:
be doing...when... 正在……这时……
be about to do...when... 正打算做……这时……
be on the point of doing...when... 正要……这时……
had just done....when... 刚做……就……
hardly...when...=no sooner...than... 刚……就……
第二课时Using language
重点词汇
1 devote v. 献身;专心于
[教材原句]Now, she is a model and performance artist devoted/devoting to ocean conservation.(P65)
现在,她是一位致力于海洋保护的模特和表演艺术家。

[归纳拓展]
(1)devote oneself to 献身于……;致力于……
devote...to... 奉献于……;专注于……
(2)devoted adj. 忠实的;深爱的
be devoted to... 专心于……;奉献于……
(3)devotion n. 关爱;关照;奉献;忠诚
[名师点津]
在短语devote...to...中to 为介词,其后接名词或动名词,类似短语还包括:
look forward to 期盼
get down to 开始着手
be/get/become/grow used/accustomed to 习惯于
lead to 导致
pay attention to 注意
object to 反对
2 contain vt. 包含;容纳;容忍;抑制感情等
[教材原句]Most importantly,it contains the headwaters of the Yellow River,the Changjiang River and Lancang River.(P65)
最重要的是,这里有黄河、长江和澜沧江的源头。

[归纳拓展]
(1)contain oneself 克制自己
(2)container n. 容器
[易混辨析]
contain 指某物被装在比其更大的东西内,或指某物含有某种成分或其他物质。

include 指某物为整体的一部分或要素,意为“算在内,列在里面,包括”。

include还常用其介词和过去分词短语作插入语,起补充说明作用,而contain无此用法。

3
[教材原句]In recent years, we have seen large areas of wetland that were damaged by human activity.(P65)
近年来,我们看到大片湿地被人类活动破坏。

[归纳拓展]
do/cause damage to 给……带来/造成损坏
be badly damaged 遭受严重损害
damage one's health 损害某人的健康
4 affect v. 影响;感动;侵袭
[教材原句]We've also seen droughts and floods caused by these changes,which affect the water supply downstream.(P65)
我们也看到了这些变化造成的干旱和洪水,影响了下游的供水。

[归纳拓展]
(1)be greatly/deeply affected by 被……深深打动
be affected by heat/cold 中暑/着凉
be affected with a high fever 发高烧
(2)effect n. 作用;影响
have an effect on 对……产生影响
(3)affection n. 喜爱;感情;影响;感染
5 adopt v. 收养;领养;采纳;采用
[教材原句]This includes keeping the original environment from being touched,as well as adopting new,sustainable ways of feeding farm animals.(P65)
这包括保持原始环境不被触碰,以及采用新的、可持续的饲养农场动物的方法。

[归纳拓展]
(1)adopt one's suggestion/advice 采纳某人的建议
adopt sb. as 收养某人为……
adopt a(n) approach/policy/attitude...采用某种方法/政策/态度……
(2)adopted adj. 领养的
adoption n. 采用;收养
6 reduce v. 减少;缩减
[教材原句]Reduce waste by choosing reusable products.(P66)
通过选择可重复使用的产品来减少浪费。

[归纳拓展]
(1)reduce...to... 把……减少到……
reduce...by... 把……减少了……
be reduced to... 沦落为……,陷入某种状态
(2)reduction n. 减少;减价
make a reduction 减价
7 permission n. 允许;许可
[教材原句]A polite interruption is usually framed as a request for permission to interrupt someone.(P67)
礼貌的打断通常是指请求允许打断某人。

[归纳拓展]
(1)ask for sb.'s permission 请求某人的许可
without permission 未经允许/许可
give sb. permission to do sth. 允许某人做某事
(2)permit vt. 允许;许可n. 许可;执照;许可证
permit sb. to do sth. 允许某人做某事
permit doing sth. 允许做某事
sth.permitting... ……许可的话(独立主格)
重点短语
1 aim at 瞄准
[教材原句]She appeared in The Cove,a documentary aiming at highlighting the cruelty of dolphin hunting.(P65)
她出演了一部纪录片《海豚湾》,旨在突出捕猎海豚的残酷性。

[归纳拓展]
(1)aim...at... 用……瞄准/对准……
aim to do sth.=aim at doing sth. 旨在做某事,打算做某事
be aimed at 目的是;旨在
(2)with the aim of... 为了……
without aim 无目的地
achieve one's aim 达到目的;实现目标
take aim at 瞄准
(3)aimlessly adv. 漫无目的地
2 keep...from 阻止,制止
[教材原句]This includes keeping the original environment from being touched,as well as adopting new,sustainable ways of feeding farm animals.(P65)
这包括保持原始环境不被触碰,以及采用新的、可持续的饲养农场动物的方法。

[归纳拓展]
prevent/stop/keep...from doing sth. 阻止……做某事 protect...from 保护……不受……的侵袭;挡住;防御 keep...doing sth. 使……一直做某事 [名师点津]
prevent/keep/stop sb. from doing sth. 的主动式中,只有 keep 后面的 from 不能省略,而
在被动式中三个短语的 from 都不能省略。

重点句式
The less energy you use , the less carbon dioxide is released.P66你使用的能源越少,释放的二氧化碳就越少。

[句式分析]
本句为“the +比较级,the +比较级”句式,意为“越……就越……”。

[归纳拓展]
(1)“the +比较级,the +比较级”表示“越……,就越……”,前一部分为表示条件的状语从句,后一部分为主句。

(2)“比较级+and +比较级”表示“越来越……”。

单元语法
动词-ing 形式和动词-ed 形式作宾语补足语
1.“五看二听一感觉”的感官动词和短语(see, watch, observe, notice, look at, hear, listen to, feel 等)后面的宾语补足语常见的有三种非谓语动词形式(do/doing/done)。

do 表主动和完成(被动句中to 还原),doing 表主动或正在进行,done 表被动或完成。

I looked up and noticed a snake winding its way up the tree to catch its breakfast. 我抬头注意到一条蛇正蜿蜒着爬上树去捕捉它的早餐。

Nobody saw him come in. 没人看见他进来。

He felt his face lost before his friends. 他觉得在朋友面前丢面子了。

2.使役动词make, let, have, get 后接复合宾语的情况: ①make +宾语+⎩⎪⎨⎪⎧
do 让……做……
宾语与宾补为逻辑上的主动关系
done 让……被做
宾语与宾补为逻辑
上的被动关系
The teacher made some students stay in the classroom after school. 老师让一些学生放学后待在教室里。

He tried to make himself understood .
他尽量把自己的意思表达清楚了。

②let +宾语+⎩⎪⎨⎪⎧
do 让……做……宾语与宾补为逻辑上的主动关系
be done 让……被做宾语与宾补为逻
辑上的被动关系
Don't let your child play with matches. 别让你的孩子玩火柴。

③have +宾语+⎩⎪⎨⎪⎧
⎭⎪⎬⎪⎫do sth. 让……做某事doing sth. 使……持续 做某事
⇒宾语与宾补
为逻辑上的主动关系done 使……被做⇒宾语与宾补为逻
辑上的被动关系
He had the fire burning all the night. 他让火燃烧了一夜。

He had his wallet stolen on his way home. 在回家的路上,他的钱包被偷了。

[名师点津]
have sb. doing sth. 用于否定句时,其中have 有“容忍”之意。

I won't have you speaking to your dad like that. 我不能容忍你那样跟你爸爸说话。

④get +宾语+⎩⎪⎨
⎪⎧

⎪⎬⎪⎫to do sth. 使……做doing sth. 使……做⇒宾语与宾补为逻辑上的主动关系done 使……被做⇒宾语与宾补为逻
辑上的被动关系
She got her bike running very fast. 她骑自行车骑得飞快。

I'll get my bike repaired tomorrow. 我明天要(请人)修一下我的自行车。

3.动词leave, keep, find, catch 后加非谓语动词作复合宾语的情况:
①leave +⎩⎪⎪⎪⎨⎪⎪⎪⎧
sb./sth. doing sth. 让某人/物一直处于某
种状态宾语与宾语补足语之间是逻辑 上的主动关系,表示动作正在进行sth. undone 留下某事未做宾语与宾语补 足语之间是逻辑上的被动关系,表示被
动和完成,一般以 undone , unfinished ,
unsettled ,untouched 为多

⎪⎬⎪
⎫sb. to do sth. 让某人去做某事sth. to be done 留下某事要做动词不定
式表示将
来的动作
②keep ⎩⎪⎨⎪

sb./sth. doing 使某人/物一直做sb./sth. done 使某人/物被做表示
被动且完成,或表示状态
③find ⎩⎪⎨⎪⎧
sb. doing 发现某人正在做sb./sth. done 发现某人/物已经……表示完成或状态
sb./sth. to be ... 发现某人/物……
④catch sb. doing sth. 撞见某人正在做某事 The police caught him stealing the car on the spot. 警察当场撞见他在偷汽车。

We hurriedly ended our meeting, leaving many problems to be settled . 我们匆匆忙忙地结束了会议,留下了很多问题等待解决。

You should keep me informed of his whereabouts. 你应该让我了解他的行踪。

第三课时 Developing ideas & Presenting ideas
重点词汇
1 majority n . 大多数;大半
[教材原句]Most of us are aware that we must take care of the environment, and the majority of us take steps to save energy and reduce waste and pollution.(P68)
我们大多数人都知道必须要保护环境,而且我们大多数人都在采取措施节约能源,减少浪费
和污染。

[归纳拓展]
(1)a/the majority of... 大多数……
be in a/the majority 构成大部分/大多数
(2)major n. 专业vi. 主修;以……为专业
major in 主修……;以……为专业
(3)minority n. 少数
in the minority 占少数
[名师点津]
the majority作主语,谓语动词用单复数形式皆可,但若其后面有复数表语,谓语也用复数。

“the majority of+复数名词”作主语时,谓语动词一般用复数。

2 amount n. 数量;总数
[教材原句]However,making a paper bag uses four times as much energy as making a plastic bag and up to three times the amount of water.(P68)
然而,制作纸袋所消耗的能量是制作塑料袋的四倍,水的消耗量是塑料袋的三倍。

[归纳拓展]
(1)a small/large amount of+不可数名词少/大量的……
amounts of+不可数名词大量的……
the amount of+不可数名词……的数量
(2)amount to 合计;总共;有……的结果
[名师点津]
a huge amount of用来修饰不可数名词,“a huge amount of+不可数名词”作主语时,谓语动词用单数;“huge amounts of+不可数名词”作主语时,谓语动词用复数。

3 remove v. 移动;搬开;脱下;摘掉;去除;把……免职
[教材原句]To make sure your appliance is in fact off, remove the plug from its power supply.(P69)
为了确保您的设备实际上已关闭,请从其电源上拔下插头。

[归纳拓展]
remove...from...把……从……移开
remove from...to... 从……搬到……
remove sb. from office 免去某人的职务
remove one's doubt 消除某人的疑虑
4.urge v. 催促;极力主张;强烈要求n. 强烈的欲望;冲动
[教材原句]It urges people to save food by not wasting anything on the dining table.(P71)
它敦促人们通过不在餐桌上浪费任何东西来节约食物。

[归纳拓展]
(1)urge sb. to do sth. 催促某人做某事
urge/it is urged that...(should) do sth. 极力主张……做某事
(2)have an urge to do sth. 渴望做某事
(3)urgent adj. 紧急的;迫切的
urgency n. 紧急;催促
5 concerned adj. 焦急的,担忧的
[教材原句]We are concerned that...(P71)
我们担心……
[归纳拓展]
(1)be concerned about 关心;忧虑
be concerned with与……有关;涉及
as/so far as...be concerned 就……而言;依……之见
(2)concern v. 牵涉,涉及;使担忧;感兴趣
n. 担心,忧虑;关心,关爱
concern oneself about/with sth. 对……感兴趣
have/express concern for/about... 对……表示关心/担心
(3)concerning prep. 关于
6.contribute vt.& vi. 促成;造成;捐款;贡献;捐助;投稿
[教材原句]Look at the three items that contribute to a carbon footprint.(P72) 看看造成碳足迹的三个项目。

[归纳拓展]
(1)contribute...to... 为……捐献……;投稿
contribute to (to为介词)有助于;促进;导致;对……做贡献
(2)contribution n. 贡献;捐献
make a contribution/contributions to/towards... 为……做贡献
7.average adj. 平均的;普通的;正常的;平常的
n.平均数;平均水平;一般水准v. 计算出……的平均数[教材原句]The average score of our group is...(P72)
我们组的平均分是……
[归纳拓展]
the/an average of... ……的平均数
on average 平均地;通常
above/below average 高于/低于平均数/水平
up to average 达到平均数/水平
重点短语
1 mistake...for... 把……错认为……
[教材原句]Plastic bags cause litter and are a danger to wild animals, which mistake them for food.(P68)
塑料袋会造成垃圾,对野生动物是一种危险,因为野生动物误以为塑料袋是食物。

[归纳拓展]
(1)mistake n. & v. 错误,误会
by mistake 错误地;弄错
make a mistake 犯错误
(2) mistaken adj. 错误的;不正确的
be mistaken about... 误解;对……持有错误的见解
be mistaken in doing sth. 做某事是错误的
2.because of 因为;由于后跟名词、代词及名词性从句
[教材原句]Because of this, people think paper bags are the better environmental choice.(P68) 正因为如此,人们认为纸袋是更好的环保的选择。

[归纳拓展]
表示“由于;因为”的短语:
due to 作表语或状语
owing to 作表语或状语
as a result of 作状语
on account of 作状语
for the reason of 作状语
thanks to (幸亏)作表语或状语
[易混辨析]
because 引导原因状语从句或表语从句
because of 后面接名词、代词、名词性短语或what 从句
3 take...into
[教材原句]In some cases,local produce might have used more energy and produced more greenhouse gases than produce grown a long way away—even taking into account its transport.(P69)
在某些情况下,即使考虑到当地农产品的运输,当地农产品所消耗的能源和产生的温室气体也可能比远在天边的农产品要多。

[归纳拓展]
(1)take...into consideration 把……考虑进去
account for 解释;说明(……的原因);(在数量上) 占……比例
(2)on account of (=because of) 因为
on no account=in no way 决不(置于句首时,句子要部分倒装)
open/close an account (在银行)开立/结清账户
(3)by/from all accounts 据说
[名师点津]
on no account意为“决不”,放在句首时常用部分倒装,有类似用法的还有:by no means, in no way, in no case, on no condition, under no circumstances, at no time等。

4 depend on 依靠;依赖;取决于
[教材原句]It depends on how long you spend in the shower and how large your bath is.(P69) 这取决于你洗澡的时间和你的浴盆有多大。

[归纳拓展]
(1)depend on sb. to do/sb.'s doing sth.依靠某人做某事
depend on sb.for sth.依靠某人供给某物
depend on/upon it that...指望……;对……深信不疑
That depends.=It all depends.视情况而定
(2)dependence n. 依靠;依赖
independence n. 独立
dependent adj. 有依赖性的
independent adj. 独立的
5 call on sb.to do sth. 号召某人做某事
[教材原句]We are writing this letter to call on everyone to take part in the Clear Your Plate campaign.(P71)
我们写这封信是为了号召大家参加“清盘”运动。

[归纳拓展]
call for 需要;要求;呼吁;(去)接某人
call at (火车等)停靠;拜访某地
call on 拜访某人
call up 给……打电话;(使)回忆起;召集(开会等)
call off 取消
call out 大声说;召唤某人
call in 叫某人进入
call back 回电话;再打电话
重点句式
[句式分析]
句中as much energy as是一个同级比较结构,four times表达倍数,也可用half,one-third 等词,表示“是……的一半/几分之几”。

[归纳拓展]
倍数表达法:
(1)倍数+形容词或副词的比较级+than
(2)倍数+as+形容词或副词的原级+as
(3)倍数+the size (height/length/width, etc.)+of
(4)倍数+what 从句
第四课时Writing——建议信
假定你是李华,你的朋友张柯写信给你,就买什么样的英语词典想听听你的建议。

请根据下列提示,用英语给他写一封回信,推荐他买电子词典。

注意:80词左右。

1.方便、快捷;
2.内置多部词典、能发音;
3.能储存资料。

参考词汇:电子词典electronic dictionary;内存RAM
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【分析】
本单元的写作任务是建议信。

建议信是英语中常见的一种应用文体,就是在你所写的信中发表你的建议与看法。

建议信除了遵循书信的格式之外,还要求在信中针对对方的问题,给出你的观点及解决办法。

一、基本结构
建议信一般采取“三段式结构”。

首段:表明意图,陈述事由。

主体段落:应该首先肯定对方的优点,然后再写需要改进的地方或针对具体情况提出具体建议或忠告。

通常以firstly, secondly, thirdly或to begin/start with, then, later, last but not least 等依次陈述建议。

结尾段:礼貌地总结或表示期盼回复。

二、注意事项
1.注意结构。

通常以“三段式”结构行文。

2.客观地提出建议,针对对方的问题,给出你的观点。

3.语言要委婉、精炼,同时要简洁,表达清楚。

Ⅰ.用词
1.a_wise_choice 明智的选择
2.lead_to/contribute_to 促成
3.convenient 方便的
4.consult/look_up 查阅(资料)
5.meet_with 遇到
6.a_number_of/a_variety_of 很多
Ⅱ.造句
1.有几个因素促成了我的建议。

There are several factors which lead to my suggestion.
2.无论你到哪里去,带着电子词典都很方便,因为它比普通词典小得多。

It_is_convenient_for_you to carry the electronic dictionary wherever you go as it is much smaller than the common one.
3.在电子词典中,你会非常快地得到你想要的。

You can get what you want in the electronic dictionary as soon as possible.
Ⅲ.成篇
Dear_Zhang_Ke,
As_for_the_problem_you_put_forward_in_your_last_letter,_I_think_it_is_a_wise_choice_for _you_to_buy_an_electronic_dictionary.
There_are_several_factors_leading_to_my_suggestion._To_begin_with,_with_the_electronic _dictionary_being_much_smaller_than_the_common_one,_it_is_convenient_for_you_to_carry_it_w herever_going._Additionally,_you_can_get_what_you_want_in_the_electronic_dictionary_as_soon_ as_possible,_for_consulting_this_kind_of_dictionary_is_really_a_piece_of_cake._When_meeting_ with_the_useful_material,_you_can_store_it_as_much_as_possible_because_there_is_much_RAM_ in_it._What_makes_it_outstanding_from_a_variety_of_others,_I_think,_is_that_it_can_give_you_a _vivid,_clear_and_correct_pronunciation_just_like_a_teacher_standing_by_you._Since_there_are_s o_many_advantages,_why_not_buy_one?I_do_hope_my_suggestion_will_be_useful_to_you.
Yours,_
Li_Hua
Self-assessment
Ⅰ.重点词汇
1.dive v. 潜水
2.target v. 把……作为目标;n. 目标;靶;受批评的对象
3.scare v. 恐吓;受惊吓→scared adj. 害怕的(修饰人)→scary adj. 恐怖的;吓人的(修饰物)
4.fortune n.机会;运气;大笔的钱→fortunate adj. 幸运的→fortunately adv.幸运地→unfortunately adv.不幸地
5.extinct adj. 灭绝的→extinction n. 灭绝;绝种
6.attitude n. 态度;看法→altitude (形近词) n. 高度
7.drought n. 干旱
8.ocean n. 海洋,大海
9.highlight v. 使……突出;使注意力集中于
10.staff n. 员工
11.damage n.& v. 损失;损害
12.flood n. 洪水
13.supply n. 煤气、电力、自来水等供应(系统)
14.restore v. 使恢复
15.brochure n.小册子
16.release v. 释放;排放
17.smog n. 烟雾,雾霾
18.severe adj. 很严重的
19.lecture n. 讲座,讲课
20.devote v. 致力;献身;专心于→devotion n. 献身;热爱;专心→devoted adj. 忠实的;深爱的
21.cruelty n. 残忍;残酷→cruel adj. 残忍的
22.presentation n. 报告,说明→present v. 提出;呈现
23.establish v. 建立;设立→establishment n. 建立
24.affect v. 影响;感动;侵袭→effect n. 作用;影响→affection n. 喜爱;钟爱
25.adopt v. 采用;采纳;收养→adoption n. 收养;采取→adopted adj. 收养的;领养的26.reduce v. 减少;降低→reduction n. 减少;减价
27.fog n. 雾→foggy adj. 有雾的;模糊的
28.infection n.感染;传染病→ infect vt.感染;传染
29.permit vt.& vi. 许可;允许;准许n. 通行证;许可证;执照→permission n. 允许30.false adj. 错误的
31.amount n. 数量
32.device n. 设备,装置
33.leak v. 渗漏
34.appliance n. 家用电器
35.canteen n. 食堂;餐厅
36.campaign n. (宣传)活动
37.average adj. 平均的n. 平均数
38.majority n. 大多数;大半→major adj. 主要的→minority (反义词) n. 少数
39.electricity n. 电;电流;电学→electric adj. 用电的;导电的→electrical adj. 与电有关的
40.remove v. 移走,搬走→removal n. 移除
41.urge v. 催促;极力主张;驱策→urgent adj. 紧迫的→urgency n. 紧急;迫切;紧急情况
42.concern vt. (使) 担忧;涉及;关系到n. 担心;关注;(利害) 关系→concerned adj. 有关的;担心的→concerning prep. 关于
43.contribute vt.& vi. 捐献;贡献;捐助→contribution n. 捐献;贡献
Ⅱ.重点短语
1.due_to 由于,因为
2.be_scared_of 害怕(做) 某事
3.in_fear 在恐惧中
4.cut_off 切断
5.come_across 偶然遇到
6.the_other_way_round 恰好相反
7.be_wrong_about 误解
8.by_mistake 错误地
9.protect...from... 保护……免受……
10.have_an_effect_on 对……有影响
11.aim_at 瞄准
12.get_involved_in 参与;涉及,卷入
13.keep...from doing 阻止……做
14.without_permission 未经许可
15.be_reduced_by 减少了
16.replace...with 用……取代……
17.have_an_impact_on 对……有影响
18.be_frightened_of 害怕……
19.the_majority_of 大多数
20.a_large_amount_of 许多,大量
21.take...into account 把……考虑进去
22.urge_sb.to_do_sth. 催促某人去做某事
23.be_concerned_about 为……担忧
24.contribute_to 有助于;促进
25.on_average 平均
26.come_up_with 提出;想出
27.depend_on 依靠;取决于
28.turn_off 关闭
Ⅲ.重点句式
1.Some people stopped swimming in the sea, afraid of the horrible creature from the film.
有些人因为害怕电影里可怕的生物而停止在海里游泳。

2.In 1980,Benchley was diving when he came across an awful sight.
1980年,本奇利正在潜水时突然看到一个可怕的景象。

3.We've also seen droughts and floods caused by these changes, which affect the water supply downstream.
我们也看到了这些变化造成的干旱和洪水,影响了下游的供水。

4.Our job is to protect and restore the natural environment.
我们的工作是保护和恢复自然环境。

5.The less energy you use, the less carbon dioxide is released.
你使用的能源越少,释放的二氧化碳就越少。

6.It takes hundreds of years for plastic to break down,but much less time for paper.
塑料需要几百年才能分解,而纸张则要少得多。

7.However,making a paper bag uses four times as much energy as making a plastic bag and up to three times the amount of water.
然而,制作纸袋所消耗的能量是制作塑料袋的四倍,水的消耗量是塑料袋的三倍。

8.It is the production of food, not its transport, that uses most of the energy and produces most of the greenhouse gases.
消耗大部分能源和产生大部分温室气体的是粮食生产,而不是运输。

Ⅳ.单元语法——用所给词的适当形式填空
1.I noticed my little son read (read) the words written (write)on his small blackboard.
2.Before driving into the city,you are required to get your car washed (wash).
3.The dog entered the room, following (follow) the boy.
4.Dick found himself walking (walk) in the direction of Mike's house.
5.You may find it hard to_accept (accept) your illness.
6.I think it no use talking (talk) about it with them.
7.The rent sounds reasonable.How would you like it paid (pay)?
8.I want you to keep me informed (inform) of the things that are going with you.
9.I'll have the materials sent (send) to you next Monday morning.
10.She won't have her long and beautiful hair cut (cut) short.
Ⅴ.单元应用文写作
假设你是某英文报社的编辑李华,你收到读者Mary的一封来信。

她向你询问如何交友。

请根据以下提示,用英语给她写一封回信,并针对她的问题提出你的建议。

1.人人都需要朋友,懂得如何交友极为重要;
2.对别人要友好,一个微笑就能拉近人与人之间的距离;
3.记住别人的名字,这样会让对方觉得自己很重要;
4.要关心别人,并在别人有困难时提供帮助;
5.与别人有分歧时,不要争吵,要商讨。

注意:
1.词数80左右;
2.信的开头和结尾已为你写好,不计入总词数。

Dear Mary,
I_was_very_glad_to_receive_your_letter_in_which_you_asked_me_about_how_to_make_fri ends._Everyone_needs_friends,_so_knowing_how_to_make_friends_is_very_important._Here_is_ my_advice.
First,_you_must_be_friendly_to_others._A_smile_can_bring_people_close_to_each_other._S econd,_it_is_necessary_to_remember_others'_names,_which_will_make_them_feel_that_they_are_i mportant_to_you._Third,_you_should_care_about_others_and_try_to_help_others_when_they_have _difficulties._Finally,_if_you_have_different_opinions,_you_should_discuss_them_with_others,_an d_never_quarrel_with_them.
I_hope_what_I_have_said_can_be_helpful_to_you.
Yours,
Li Hua。

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