优选Social Problems 社会问题

• The Mafia is one of the criminal syndicates in the US.
• It has been deeply involved in the supply of heroin and cocaine.
• It established the network that manufactures, smuggles, and distributes these drugs.
Opium
cannabis sativa
Heroin
cocaine
Drug abuse as a social problem
• Drug abuse in the US has come to be regarded as one of the most challenging social facing the nation.
• Major reasons : 1. Sex role stereotyping. 2. The tendency of police officers and the courts to deal more leniently with female offenders.
The Young
• Characteristic : Young people appear to commit far more than their share of crime.
2. The white-collar crimes are not included in the Crime Index and overlooked by the crime statistics.
3. Close to 100 percent of all persons have committed some kind of offense,although few have been arrested.
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Health Care
• Not having a national health-insurance program or some similar means of making health care freely available
4. The Crime Index is not fully comparable between jurisdictions and it is inconsistent from one year to the next. 5. Crime ststistics are at times manipulated by the plice and public officials.
• Reasons : 1. A higher proportion of the black population is poor or unemployed. 2.Racial prejudice.
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City Residents
• Characteristic : 1. Both the rate of reported crime and the arrested rate increase with the size of the community. 2. Arrest rates are substantially lower in more stable, higher-income residential areas.
• Because the overall distribution of wealth and income is very unequal.
The pattern of the distribution of wealth in the US
• The richest fifth of American individuals and families owns more than three quarters of the wealth in the United States, whereas the lowest fifth owns only 0.2percent of the wealth.
• Drug abuse has wide range of social cost, or dysfunctions—some obvious and measurable, some hidden and difficult to quantify.
• Drug abuse is certainly associated with the crime. • The drug is responsible for half of the annual total of
Crime
• number one enemy — crime
Watergate Affair
• 水门事件（Watergate scandal），是美国历史上 最不光彩的政治丑闻事件之一，其对美国本国历 史以及整个国际新闻界都有着长远的影响，在 1972年的总统大选中，为了取得民主党内部竞选 策略的情报，1972年6月17日，以美国共和党尼 克松竞选班子的首席安全问题顾问詹姆斯·麦科德 （James W. McCord, Jr.）为首的5人闯入位于华 盛顿水门大厦的民主党全国委员会办公室，在安 装窃听器并偷拍有关文件时，当场被捕。由于此 事，尼克松于1974年8月8日宣布将于次日辞职， 从而成为美国历史上首位辞职的总统。
The White-collar Crimes
Characteristics: • higher-income groups. • be overlooked by the crime statistics. • higher rate of crime than the lower classes.
the Mafia
• Mafia（黑手党）一词起源于1282年3月30 日复活节前一天的西西里起义。当一个巴 勒莫少女在结婚当天被法国士兵强奸后， 西西里开始了疯狂的报复，他们袭击见到 的每一个法国人，并提出“Morto Alla Francia, Italia Anela”（意大利文“消灭法 国是意大利的渴求”），而Mafia就是这个 口号的字母缩写。
Crime Statistics
Conclusion: The actual rates are substantially higher than the official rates.
Reasons
1. Many victims d.
• Why was poverty not regarded as a significant social problem after
World War Ⅱ？
New issues like the cold war ， communism，and America’s new global involvement aroused public concern.
Drug abuse
• Definition Drug is a kind of chemical that is
psychoactive, or capable of modifying a person’s behavior through its effect on emotions, thinking, or consciousness.
Types of Crime
Property crimes
burglary
larceny over $50
motorvehicle theft
arson
Crimes against persons
willful homicid
e
forcible rape
aggravat ed robbery
assault
medical facilities.
Social stratification
• Upper class • Middle class • Lower class (underclass)
• The phenomenon that the society divided into social classes that have varying degrees of access to access to the rewards the society offers called _so_c_ial__ _s_tra_tif_ica_ti_on__.
• What does poverty mean in the United states?
1 Over 24 million people are living at or below the official poverty.
2 Many old people eating dog and cat food to support them. 3 Malnutrition and deprivation for thousands of children. 4unstable marriages, slum housing ,illiteracy, inadequate
The war on poverty
• 1960s，poverty again attracted national attention due to John Kennedy.
• 1964,the war on poverty announced by Johnson in a special message to Congress.
• Reasons : 1. Less skillful in avoiding being arrested. 2. They tend to commit crimes which are highly visible to the police.
Racial Minority Groups
• Characteristic : The arrest rate for the black population is three times higher than for whites.
Characteristics of arrested people
• Male • Young • Racial minority groups • City residents
Male
• Characteristic : Males are arrested about 4 times as often as females.
• Publicly recognized and government intervention was accepted as an propriate way to solve it.
• Johnson failed to solve the problem of poverty.
• Why problem of poverty in the United states is aggravated?
Social Problems 社会问题
• Poverty • Drug Abuse • Crime • Health Care • Government and Corporations:
The Abuse of power
Poverty
Over 24 million people (more than 1 American in 10) are living at or below the poverty line.
road traffic fatalities. • Drug dependence takes a significant toll in terms of
personal health and safety.
The effect of drug
• Crime • Automobile accidents • Economic losses • Effects on individuals