英语文体学Chapter5PhonologicalOverregularity
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texts, but also in the titles of the texts. ❖E.g. Pride and Prejudice
Sense and Sensibility
5.1 Phonemic Patterning
❖5.1.1 Alliteration Function of Alliteration--A. to create a sense of humor or childlike
5.1 Phonemic Patterning
❖5.1.2 Rhyme — Types of Rhymes ❖2) Internal rhymes
Rhymes which occur within a verse line. E.g. Far from city’s strident jangle as I angle, smoke and dream.
5.1 Phonemic Patterning
❖5.1.1 Alliteration ❖The initial consonant cluster can be
formed by up to 3 consonants, and the final consonant cluster can be formed by up to 4 consonants. In the above example, the word ‘street’ has a largest initial consonant cluster. While in the word ‘sixths’ there is a largest final consonant cluster.
❖5.1.1 Alliteration ❖Two points about alliteration need to be
explained.
5.1 Phonemic Patterning
❖5.1.1 Alliteration ❖Firstly, what is meant by initial
consonant cluster? Let’s look at the following syllabic structure.
5.1 Phonemic Patterning
❖5.1.1 Alliteration ❖Alliteration is frequently found in
proverbial and idiomatic expressions.
❖E.g. last but not the least safe and sound now or never Speech in silver, silence is golden.
Meet in her aspect and her eyes;
Thus mellowed to that tender light
Which heaven to gaudy day denies.
(Byron, She walks in Beauty)
5.1 Phonemic Patterning
Phonemic Patterning
Rhythmic Patterning
Phonemic Patterning
❖Phonemes may be patterned in different ways in English. The most important types of patterning in English literature are: alliteration, rhyme, assonance, consonance and onomatopoeia.
5.1 Phonemic Patterning
❖5.1.1 Alliteration
❖Alliteration is also a feature of tongue twisters.
❖E.g. A tutor who tooted a flute
❖
Tried to tutor two tutors to
toot
❖
Said the two to the tutor
❖
“Is it harder to toot or
❖
To tutor two tutors to toot?〞
FUNCTION?
Humor
5.1 Phonemic Patterning
❖5.1.1 Alliteration ❖Alliteration plays an important role in
❖5.1.2 Rhyme
❖Example 2
Reflections on Ice-breaking
Candy Is dandy,
Feminine rhymes
But liquor
Is quicker.
(Ogden Nash)
5.1 Phonemic Patterning
❖5.1.2 Rhyme — Types of Rhymes
tone; B. to arouse similar feeling, thought or
mood (onomatopoeia); C. to be forceful and emphatic; D. to form a connection of similarity or
contrast between the two item.
and heat of battle.
Contrast and Similarity
The best laid schemes o’ mice and men Gang aft a-gley.
(Robert Burns, To a Mouse)
5.1 Phonemic Patterning
❖5.1.1 Alliteration ❖Alliteration is not only used in literary
(Newman Levy, Midsummer Jangle)
5.1 Phonemic Patterning
❖5.1.2 Rhyme — Types of Rhymes ❖3) Half-rhymes
Rhymes which are formed by repeating either the vowel (or diphthong) or the final consonant cluster.
❖1) End rhymes Rhymes which occur at the end of verse lines.
E.g. Take her up tenderly, Lift her with care, Fashion’d so slenderly, Young, and so fair! (Thomas Hood, The Bridge of Sighs)
5.1 Phonemic Patterning
❖5.1.1 Alliteration ❖Alliteration is the repetition of the
initial consonant cluster in stressed syllables.
5.1 Phonemic Patterning
5.1 Phonemic Patterning
❖5.1.1 Alliteration
❖ E.g.
When he saw Grendel’s gruesome footprints,
that great man grieved for his retainers.
(Beowulf)
She is a child of the people, born in the very height
5.1 Phonemic Patterning
❖5.1.2 Rhyme — Types of Rhymes ❖3) Half-rhymes ❖E.g.
Hope is the thing with feathers That perches in the soul, And sings the tune without the words And never stops at all. (Emily Dickson, Hope Is the Thing with Feathers)
5.1 Phonemic Patterning
❖5.1.1 Alliteration ❖Secondly, a misconception may arise
that it is the initial syllable of a polysyllabic word which carries alliteration.
literature. ❖E.g.
Cold are the crabs that crawl on yonder hills, Colder the cucumber that grow beneath.
(Edward Lear, Cold Are the Crab)
Similar sounds make up similar feeling or thought
5.1 Phonemic Patterning
❖5.1.2 Rhyme ❖Thus theoretically speaking a rhyme
may have multiple syllables, though in actual use rhymes of more than two syllables are rare. One-syllable rhymes are referred to as masculine rhymes and two-syllable rhymes are called feminine rhymes. Other kinds of rhymes may be simply called polysyllabic rhymes.
5.1 Phonemic Patterning
❖5.1.2 Rhyme ❖Rhyme is the “identity of sounds
between words or verse lines extending from the end to the last fully accented vowel and not further〞.
英语文体学 Chapter5PhonologicalOverregul
arity
Phonological Overegularity
❖Phonological overregularity is characteristic of such literary genres as poetry. It consists of two aspects, namely —
S
Onset
Rhyme
Nucleus Coda
s t r i:
t
5.1 Phonemic Patterning
❖5.1.1 Alliteration ❖As we can see from the above figure, in
English a basic syllable contains an initial consonant (consonant cluster), a vowel, and a final consonant (consonant cluster).
5.1 PhBiblioteka nemic Patterning❖5.1.2 Rhyme ❖Example 1
Masculine rhymes
She walks in beauty, like the night
Of cloudless climes and starry skies;
And all that’s best of dark and bright
5.1 Phonemic Patterning
❖5.1.1 Alliteration ❖It should be pointed out that it is
usually the first stressed syllable of a word that carries the alliteration, not necessarily the initial syllable. ❖ ❖ E.g. In Tennyson’s “Here in the long unlovely street〞, ‘long’ alliterates with ‘unlovely’.
Sense and Sensibility
5.1 Phonemic Patterning
❖5.1.1 Alliteration Function of Alliteration--A. to create a sense of humor or childlike
5.1 Phonemic Patterning
❖5.1.2 Rhyme — Types of Rhymes ❖2) Internal rhymes
Rhymes which occur within a verse line. E.g. Far from city’s strident jangle as I angle, smoke and dream.
5.1 Phonemic Patterning
❖5.1.1 Alliteration ❖The initial consonant cluster can be
formed by up to 3 consonants, and the final consonant cluster can be formed by up to 4 consonants. In the above example, the word ‘street’ has a largest initial consonant cluster. While in the word ‘sixths’ there is a largest final consonant cluster.
❖5.1.1 Alliteration ❖Two points about alliteration need to be
explained.
5.1 Phonemic Patterning
❖5.1.1 Alliteration ❖Firstly, what is meant by initial
consonant cluster? Let’s look at the following syllabic structure.
5.1 Phonemic Patterning
❖5.1.1 Alliteration ❖Alliteration is frequently found in
proverbial and idiomatic expressions.
❖E.g. last but not the least safe and sound now or never Speech in silver, silence is golden.
Meet in her aspect and her eyes;
Thus mellowed to that tender light
Which heaven to gaudy day denies.
(Byron, She walks in Beauty)
5.1 Phonemic Patterning
Phonemic Patterning
Rhythmic Patterning
Phonemic Patterning
❖Phonemes may be patterned in different ways in English. The most important types of patterning in English literature are: alliteration, rhyme, assonance, consonance and onomatopoeia.
5.1 Phonemic Patterning
❖5.1.1 Alliteration
❖Alliteration is also a feature of tongue twisters.
❖E.g. A tutor who tooted a flute
❖
Tried to tutor two tutors to
toot
❖
Said the two to the tutor
❖
“Is it harder to toot or
❖
To tutor two tutors to toot?〞
FUNCTION?
Humor
5.1 Phonemic Patterning
❖5.1.1 Alliteration ❖Alliteration plays an important role in
❖5.1.2 Rhyme
❖Example 2
Reflections on Ice-breaking
Candy Is dandy,
Feminine rhymes
But liquor
Is quicker.
(Ogden Nash)
5.1 Phonemic Patterning
❖5.1.2 Rhyme — Types of Rhymes
tone; B. to arouse similar feeling, thought or
mood (onomatopoeia); C. to be forceful and emphatic; D. to form a connection of similarity or
contrast between the two item.
and heat of battle.
Contrast and Similarity
The best laid schemes o’ mice and men Gang aft a-gley.
(Robert Burns, To a Mouse)
5.1 Phonemic Patterning
❖5.1.1 Alliteration ❖Alliteration is not only used in literary
(Newman Levy, Midsummer Jangle)
5.1 Phonemic Patterning
❖5.1.2 Rhyme — Types of Rhymes ❖3) Half-rhymes
Rhymes which are formed by repeating either the vowel (or diphthong) or the final consonant cluster.
❖1) End rhymes Rhymes which occur at the end of verse lines.
E.g. Take her up tenderly, Lift her with care, Fashion’d so slenderly, Young, and so fair! (Thomas Hood, The Bridge of Sighs)
5.1 Phonemic Patterning
❖5.1.1 Alliteration ❖Alliteration is the repetition of the
initial consonant cluster in stressed syllables.
5.1 Phonemic Patterning
5.1 Phonemic Patterning
❖5.1.1 Alliteration
❖ E.g.
When he saw Grendel’s gruesome footprints,
that great man grieved for his retainers.
(Beowulf)
She is a child of the people, born in the very height
5.1 Phonemic Patterning
❖5.1.2 Rhyme — Types of Rhymes ❖3) Half-rhymes ❖E.g.
Hope is the thing with feathers That perches in the soul, And sings the tune without the words And never stops at all. (Emily Dickson, Hope Is the Thing with Feathers)
5.1 Phonemic Patterning
❖5.1.1 Alliteration ❖Secondly, a misconception may arise
that it is the initial syllable of a polysyllabic word which carries alliteration.
literature. ❖E.g.
Cold are the crabs that crawl on yonder hills, Colder the cucumber that grow beneath.
(Edward Lear, Cold Are the Crab)
Similar sounds make up similar feeling or thought
5.1 Phonemic Patterning
❖5.1.2 Rhyme ❖Thus theoretically speaking a rhyme
may have multiple syllables, though in actual use rhymes of more than two syllables are rare. One-syllable rhymes are referred to as masculine rhymes and two-syllable rhymes are called feminine rhymes. Other kinds of rhymes may be simply called polysyllabic rhymes.
5.1 Phonemic Patterning
❖5.1.2 Rhyme ❖Rhyme is the “identity of sounds
between words or verse lines extending from the end to the last fully accented vowel and not further〞.
英语文体学 Chapter5PhonologicalOverregul
arity
Phonological Overegularity
❖Phonological overregularity is characteristic of such literary genres as poetry. It consists of two aspects, namely —
S
Onset
Rhyme
Nucleus Coda
s t r i:
t
5.1 Phonemic Patterning
❖5.1.1 Alliteration ❖As we can see from the above figure, in
English a basic syllable contains an initial consonant (consonant cluster), a vowel, and a final consonant (consonant cluster).
5.1 PhBiblioteka nemic Patterning❖5.1.2 Rhyme ❖Example 1
Masculine rhymes
She walks in beauty, like the night
Of cloudless climes and starry skies;
And all that’s best of dark and bright
5.1 Phonemic Patterning
❖5.1.1 Alliteration ❖It should be pointed out that it is
usually the first stressed syllable of a word that carries the alliteration, not necessarily the initial syllable. ❖ ❖ E.g. In Tennyson’s “Here in the long unlovely street〞, ‘long’ alliterates with ‘unlovely’.