2012届高考英语二轮专题总复习 阅读理解能力综合培养(十五)

2012届高考英语二轮专题总复习阅读理解能力综合培养〔十五〕
阅读理解(第一节20小题。

第二节5小题；每一小题2分，总分为50分)
第一节：阅读如下短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出最优选项，并在答题纸上将该选项标号涂黑。

A
Scientists have long understood the key role that oceans play in regulating the Earth’s climate．Oceans cover 70 percent of the globe and store a thousand times more heat than the atmosphere does．What’s newer is the understanding of how this key component of our climate system responds to global warming．
A brake on global warming—for now
One of the ocean’s most important climate funct ions is absorbing heat and carbon dioxide 〔CO2〕, one of the gases that cause global warming．Acting as a heat sponge 〔海绵〕, the oceans have absorbed huge amounts of heat and CO2 in the last forty years．
The most recent scientific report from the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change 〔IPCC〕 also notes with concern that the ocean is acidifying because of increased absorption of atmospheric CO2, and thus causing a threat for shell-forming species．Sharp increases in carbon dioxide levels will cause further acidification of the ocean．
Currents distributing heat
Another important role the oceans play is that of distributor．Oceans deliver heat and life-sustaining nutrients around the globe．Just as blood vessels bring oxygen
and nutrients to cells in the human body, the ocean’s currents carry oxygen, nutrients and heat throughout the Earth．The ocean distributes 25 to 50 percent of the energy the planet receives from the sun．For example, the Gulf Stream carries heat across the Atlantic．This warm current gives northwestern Europe a milder climate than it would normally have so far north．A change to the ocean’s circulation 〔循环〕 patterns could throw Europe into a colder period, even as the rest of world experiences warmer temperatures．
1．We can infer from the passage that _____．
A．the oceans cause global warming B．the oceans stop global warming C．the oceans release nutrients and heat D．the ocean ecosystems face more dangers
2．From the passage we can learn that the ocean’s currents _____．A．produce oxygen and nutrients everywhere
B．absorb 25~50% of the energy from the sun
C．distribute heat and nutrients around
D．change the ocean’s circulation patterns
3．Which of the following is NOT the result of the ocean absorbing heat and carbon dioxide?
A．It causes further acidification．B．It affects shell-forming species．C．It makes the atmosphere hotter． D．It regulates the Earth’s climate．4．This passage mainly talks about ______．
A．the roles of oceans B．global warming
C．ocean currents D．carbon dioxide
B
Maps and statistics can tell us a lot about where a country is headed. Take the US Census Bureau's latest findings on American cities. They show that for the first time since 1900, Detroit is not on the list of the Top 10 most populous US cities. In its
place is San Jose, California.
"It's part of a pattern for the heavily industrialized cities," says Dana Johnson, an economist in Detroit. "There's been an ongoing dynamic (变化) here of people fleeing the city looking for better schools, better lifestyles, better services."
Detroit is hardly alone. After World War II, the US was the world's leading manufacturer. Cars, televisions, toys, and clothing made in America were exported around the world. As a result, the well-paid factory workers formed the backbone of a rising middle class. In the last three decades, the US economy has changed. Companies have moved factories overseas to take advantage of lower wages in Asia, Latin America, and Eastern Europe.
Where are people who leave the northeast and midwest going? They are moving south and west, another broad trend. In general, people are moving to where it's warmer, less expensive and less crowded, or where jobs are more plentiful in growing service industries like health care, in the technology sector, or in factories that moved from the northeast or midwest.
In a sense, the computer chips of San Jose, the new 10th largest city, in the heart of what is known as Silicon Valley, have replaced the sheet metal and molten steel of Detroit as the symbol of American economic power.
5．The main difficulty that Detroit is now facing is _____.
A．the factory closings and huge job losses
B．many people’s moving to the south and west
C．the poor quality of the automobile
D．the lack of the computer chips
6．Which of th e following isn’t the trend of the change?
A．The decline of the manufacturing economy.
B．Companies’ moving overseas.
C．The end of the US cities’ development.
D．The migration of Americans to the south and west.
7．Which of the following is not true about San Jose?
A．The newly-listed 10th largest city.
B．The heart of Silicon Valley.
C．The symbol of American economic power.
D．The centre of the heavily industrialized cities.
8．Which statement is not correct according to the passage?
A．Detroit has been on the list of the Top 10 most populous US cities for over a century.
B．People immigrate south and west to take advantage of lower wages there.
C．The US was an important exporting country in the middle of the last century.
D．The US economy now is not as prosperous as 30 years ago.
C
Registrars at most well-known colleges say they deal with deceitful claims like these at the rate of about one per week. Personnel officers do check up on degrees listed on application forms, then. If it turns out that an applicant is lying, most colleges are reluctant to accuse the applicant directly. One Ivy League school calls them "impostors(骗子)"; another refers to them as "special cases". One well-known West
Coast school, in perhaps the most delicate phrase of all, says that these claims are made by "no such people". To avoid outright(彻底的)lies, some job-seekers claim that they "attending" means being dismissed after one semester. It may be that "being associated with" a college means that the job-seeker visited his younger brother for a football weekend. One school that keeps records of false claims says that the practice dates back at least to the turn of the century—that’s when they began keeping records, anyhow. If you don’t want to lie or even stretch the truth, there are companies that will sell you a phony diploma.
One company, with offices in New York and on the West Coast, will put your name on a diploma from any number of nonexistent colleges. The price begins at around twenty dollars for a diploma from "Smoot State University". The prices increase rapidly for a degree from the "University of Purdue". As there is no Smoot State and the real school in Indiana is properly called Purdue University, the prices seem rather high for one sheet of paper.
9. The main idea of this passage is that ________ .
A. employers are checking more closely on applicants now
B. lying about college degrees has become a widespread problem
C. college degrees can now be purchased easily
D. employers are no longer interested in college degrees
10. We can infer from the passage that ________ .
A. performance is a better judge of ability than a college degree
B. experience is the best teacher
C. past work histories influence personnel officers more than degrees do
D. a degree from a famous school enables an applicant to gain advantage over others in job competition
11. This passage implies that ________ .
A. buying a false degree is not moral
B. personnel officers only consider applicants from famous schools
C. most people lie on applications because they were dismissed from school
D. society should be greatly responsible for lying on applications
12. The word "phony" (Line 13, Para. 2) means ________ .
A. thorough
B. ultimate
C. false
D. decisive
D
What’s your idea of a good t ime? What about dancing in a rainy field with one hundred and fifty thousand other people while a famous rock band plays on a stage so far away that the performers look like ants?
It may sound strange but that is what many hundreds of thousands of young people in the UK do every summer．Why? Because summer is the time for outdoor music festivals．Held on a farm, the Glastonbury Festival is the most well-known and popular festival in the UK．It began in 1970 and the first festival was attended by one thousand five hundred people each paying an admission price of ￡1 —the ticket included free milk from the farm．
Since then the Glastonbury Festival has gone from strength to strength —in 2004 one hundred and fifty thousand fans attended, paying ￡112 each for a ticket to the three-day event．Tickets for the event sold out within three hours．Performers included superstars, such as Paul McCartney and James Brown, as well as new talent, like Franz Ferdinand and Joss Stone．
Although many summer festivals are run on a profit-making basis, Glastonbury is a charity event, donating millions of pounds to local and international charities．Glastonbury is not unique in using live music to raise money to fight global poverty．In July of this year, the Live 8 concerts were held simultaneously 〔同时〕 in London, Paris, Rome and Berlin．Superstars such as Madonna, Sir Elton John and Stevie Wonder performed in order to highlight international poverty and debt．
13．What does the author mean by saying “the Glastonbury Festival has gone f rom
strength to strength〞?
A．The festival has achieved growing success．
B．Great efforts have been made to hold the festival．
C．The festival has brought in a large amount of money．
D．There have been thousands of fans attending the festival．
14．Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?
A．The Glastonbury Festival is run on a profit-making basis．
B．Tickets for the 2004 Glastonbury Festival were in great demand despite the high price．
C．Both James Brown and Joss Stone were born in poor families．
D．In the 1970 Glastonbury Festival, one could have lunch on the farm for free．15．We can learn from the last paragraph that _____．
A．the Glastonbury Festival is not so popular as the Live 8 concerts
B．the Live 8 concerts are held every year in London
C．London, Paris, Rome and Berlin are famous for outdoor music festivals
D．some superstars are concerned about global poverty
16．What is the best title for the passage?
A．How to have a good time B．Charity events around the world
C．The Glastonbury Festival D．Superstars’ performances in charity events
E
Lead deposits, which accumulated in soil and snow during the 1960’s and 70’s, were primarily the result of leaded gasoline emissions originating in the United States. In the twenty years that the Clean Air Act has mandated unleaded gas use in the United States, the lead accumulation worldwide has decreased significantly.
A study published recently in the journal Nature shows that air-borne leaded gas emissions from the United States were the leading contributor to the high concentration of lead in the snow in Greenland. The new study is a result of the
continued research led by Dr. Charles Boutron, an expert on the impact of heavy metals on the environment at the National Center for Scientific Research in France. A study by Dr. Boutron published in 1991 showed that lead levels in arctic snow were declining. In his new study, Dr. Boutron found the ratios of the different forms of lead in the leaded gasoline used in the United States were different from the ratios of European, Asian and Canadian gasolines and thus enabled scientists to differentiate (区分) the lead sources. The dominant lead ratio found in Greenland snow matched that found in gasoline from the United States.
In a study published in the journal Ambio, scientists found that lead levels in soil in the Northeastern United States had decreased markedly since the introduction of unleaded gasoline.
Many scientists had believed that the lead would stay in soil and snow for a longer period.
The authors of the Ambio study examined samples of the upper layers of soil taken from the same sites of 30 forest floors in New England, New York and Pennsylvania in 1980 and in 1990. The forest environment processed and redistributed the lead faster than the scientists had expected.
Scientists say both studies demonstrate that certain parts of the ecosystem respond rapidly to reductions in atmospheric pollution, but that these findings should not be used as a license to pollute.
17. The study published in the journal Nature indicates that ________.
A. the Clean Air Act has not produced the desired results
B. lead deposits in arctic snow are on the increase
C. lead will stay in soil and snow longer than expected
D. the US is the major source of lead pollution in arctic snow
18. Lead accumulation worldwide decreased significantly after the use of unleaded gas in the US _____ .
A. was discouraged
B. was enforced by law
C. was prohibited by law
D. was introduced
19. How did scientists discover the source of lead pollution in Greenland?
A. By analyzing the data published in journals like Nature and Ambio.
B. By observing the lead accumulations in different parts of the arctic area..
C. By studying the chemical elements of soil and snow in Northeastern America.
D. By comparing the chemical compositions of leaded gasoline used in various countries.
20. The authors of the Ambio study have found that ________.
A. forests get rid of lead pollution faster than expected
B. lead accumulations in forests are more difficult to deal with
C. lead deposits are widely distributed in the forests of the US
D. the upper layers of soil in forests are easily polluted by lead emissions
第二节：阅读下文，根据(A-F)给出的相关信息，将最适宜的段落与之进展匹配，并在答题纸
上将相应选项的标号涂黑。

选项中有一项为哪一项多余选项。

A. Criteria of the ranking
B. Africa countries ranking low
C. Research on girls’ education in developing countries
D. Northern European countries at the top
E. High rate of early death of children
F. Hope and improvement in sight
21.
A yearly list of the best and worst places to be a mother and child rates the United
States 11th, behind Britain. Scandinavian countries are at the top. Sweden is number
one. Denmark is second. Finland is third. Save the Children, an American-based humanitarian organization, compared conditions in 110 countries. The report came out
last week.
22.
At the bottom of the list, Mali and Burkina Faso share last place. Just above them are Ethiopia, Chad, Yemen, the Democratic Republic of Congo and Mauritania. Gambia and Eritrea are also in the bottom ten, along with two Asian countries: Nepal and Cambodia. Cambodia is tied with Eritrea in 100th place.
23 .
Save the Children based its report on six conditions related to the health and security of women. These include the risk of early death, and the rate of use of modern birth-control methods. Another measure was the percentage of births with the aid of trained medical workers. Still another was the percentage of pregnant women with a shortage of iron in the blood. The study also examined reading levels among women and the involvement of women in national government. There are some conditions related to the education of both women and children.
24.
Save the Children has published a report on the "State of the World's Mothers" for six years now. This year the group included a progress report on education for girls. Researchers examined progress made over the past ten years in 71 developing countries. The report says Bolivia, Kenya, Cameroon and Bangladesh have made the most progress in girls' education. Listed at the bottom are Rwanda, Iraq, Malawi and Eritrea. Worldwide, the report says, 58 million girls are out of school.
25.
Charles MacCormack is head of Save the Children. He says many children in the world are lucky just to survive the first five years of life. But Mr MacCormack calls the situation far from hopeless. He notes that world leaders have agreed on eight goals to reduce poverty, save lives and increase security by 2015.
参考答案DCCA ACDB BDDC ABDC DBDA DBACF。