初中,高中英语基础语法词性和句子成分详解完整版

同位语 appositive
跟在名词、代词后面，进一步说明情况。 Where is your classmate Tom. Are you three ready to go?
句子成分
主语 谓语 宾语
表语 定语 状语
宾补 同位语
Thank you for your attention!
定语 V.S. 状语
定语
状语
1、形容词
1、副词
2、介词短语
2、介词短语
3、非谓语
3、非谓语
4、从句
4、从句
区别：看有无被修饰名词，若有，则是定语；若无， Nhomakorabea是状语。
定语 V.S. 状语
The man in the car is my brother. Entering the room, he saw his son reading on the sofa. I have an big apple. He speaks the language well. This is a map of China. Your hair needs cutting.
I like you. She speaks English fluently. He can spell the word.
表语 (C) complement
系动词后，对主语补充说明，说明主语 是 什么或者怎么样。
系动词：表示“是”的动词，可以用“是”
通 来替常换由，名主词要、包代括词be和动形词容和感词官充动当词。。
9、连词 conjunction (conj.) 用来连接词、短语或句子。 and; but; however; so.
10、感叹词 interjection (interj.) 表示喜、怒、哀、乐等感情。 oh; well; hello; god.
词性小结
连词 动词 介词
代词 形容词 副词 名词
冠词 数词 感叹词
句子成分
什么是一个完整的句子？ 句子由什么构成？ 一个句子最核心的成分是什么？
谓语 (V) verb
由动词和动词短语充当；
描述名词的运动状态，表达两个名词之 间的关系。
The desk is blue. She speaks English fluently. This way has been tried three times.
定语 attribute
修饰名词或代词，划定范围。 Kunming is a big city. The bag on the desk is mine.
状语 (A) adverbial
修饰动词、形容词、副词，说明状况和程度。 He works hard. I often read the newspaper at night.
3、形容词 adjective (adj.) 修饰名词的词。 beautiful; big; good; wrong; blue
4、副词 adverb (adv.)
修饰动词、形容词或副词的词； 说明时间、地点、程度等。 slowly; very; well; often; now; here
5、代词 pronoun (pron.) 代替名词的词。 who; she; you; that; these; his.
I am a teacher.
He is good.
He looks innocent.
The leaf becomes yellow.
宾语补足语 (C) complement
对宾语补充说明，说明宾语是什么、怎么样 或干什么。
通常由名词、形容词或动词充当。
They all made him monitor. We usually keep our classroom clean. The teacher asked me to make a speech.
名词
主语
宾语
动词
状语
量词
介词
代词
谓语
冠词
定语
词性和句子成分
词性
1、名词 none (n.) 表示物体或抽象概念的名字。 ball; morning; 小明; friendship.
2、动词 verb (v.)
描述名词的运动状态，表达两个名词之间的关系。
run; jump; fly; am; have; is; are.
6、数词 numeral (num.) 表示数目或顺序。 one; two; three; first; second; third.
7、冠词 article (art.) 用在名词前，帮助说明名词。 a; an; the.
8、介词 preposition (prep.) 表示方向或名词之间的关系。 in; on; from; between; behind.
主语 (S) subject
动作的发起者，句子讨论的核心。 通常由名词和代词充当。
The desk is blue. She speaks English fluently. This way has been tried three times.
宾语 (O) object
及物动词的对象和结果，表示和主语的关系。 通常由名词和代词充当。