REFERENCESBIBLIOGRAPHIES.ppt
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REFERENCES & BIBLIOGRAPHIES
PLAGIARISM
To knowingly take or use another person’s invention, idea or writing and claim it, directly or indirectly, to be your own work.
A reference is the full details of the source that is included in the ‘References’ or ‘Bibliography’ section, which you should include at the end of your assignment.
EXAMPLE OF A BOOK CITATION & REFERENCE:
• CitatБайду номын сангаасon in the text: (Handy 1994)
• Full Reference at the end of the assignment: Handy, C. (1994). The Empty Raincoat: Making Sense of the Future. London: Hutchinson.
definition • To acknowledge a specific writer who has influenced
your own thinking, or whose ideas you have summarised or paraphrased • To give the reader the source of any significant information you have summarised or paraphrased and therefore avoid plagiarism.
• The HARVARD SYSTEM is relatively easy to learn and use in assignments
CITATIONS & REFERENCES
A citation is a partial reference that you include in the main body of your assignment.
THERE ARE THREE MAIN FORMS OF PLAGIARISM:
1. Copying, summarising or paraphrasing words from a significant source straight into your assignment without acknowledging the source
WHEN to reference ?
Try the Plagiarism Quiz …
REFERENCING
• We use the HARVARD SYSTEM in the School of Management
• This involves citing the source (e.g. an author or name of a source organisation) as you write.
2. When pulling together a range of key ideas that you introduced and referenced earlier in the assignment
3. When stating or summarising generally undisputed facts circulating freely in the public domain and when there is unlikely to be any significant disagreement with your statements or summaries of these.
3. Colluding with other students and submitting identical or near identical work
HOW TO AVOID PLAGIARISM (1):
By summarizing in your own words as best you can another person’s work, and by giving acknowledgement to that person in your assignment.
EXAMPLE OF CITING REFERENCING A
CHAPTER FROM A ‘READER’
• Citation in the text: (Chaplin 1989)
• Full Reference : Chaplin, J. (1989). ‘Counselling and Gender’, in W. Dryden, D, CharlesEdwards, & R. Woolfe, R. (eds.) Handbook of Counselling in Britain. London: Routledge.
WHY use references in assignments ?
• To give the reader the source of statistics & other data • To add support to your own arguments or point of view • To refer the reader to the source of a quotation or
EXAMPLE OF CITING & REFERENCING AN ARTICLE IN A JOURNAL
• Citation: (Patten 1988)
• Reference: Patten, J. (1988). ‘Crime: a middle class disease?’ New Society , 84, 12-13.
HOW TO AVOID PLAGIARISM (2)
…or, by using quotation marks in your assignments to distinguish between your words and the other person’s words. Once again, you would acknowledge your sources in your references.
2. Copying another student’s work and then claiming or pretending it to be your own. It is also plagiarism if you allow another student to copy your work.
EXAMPLES OF CITING & REFERENCING AN INTERNET SOURCE:
• Citation in the text: (Ellison & Barry 2003)
• Full Reference:
Ellison, P.T. & Barry, R.E. (2001). ‘Business English for the 21st Century’, 2nd Edition, /bookbind/pubbook s/ellison/ (accessed 3rd October 2003).
EXAMPLE OF CITATIONS IN AN
ESSAY:
Although Handy (1994) has argued that education is the key to economic success for individuals, organisations and nations, a majority of adults in the UK have yet to be convinced or persuaded of this argument. In 1999 only forty per cent of adults had participated in any sort of formal learning in the previous three years. Of these, a significant majority was from social class groups A, B and C. Only a quarter of adults from semi-skilled or unskilled work backgrounds had involved themselves in formal education (Tuckett 1999). The consequences for people without qualifications who lose their jobs are often serious. A study of long-term unemployed people in Yorkshire found that sixty-one per cent had no educational qualifications, and a significant number of these had special learning needs.
YOU DON’T NEED TO REFERENCE
1. Information drawn from a variety of sources to summarise what has happened over a period of time and when the summary is unlikely to be a cause of dispute or controversy
EXAMPLE OF A ‘REFERENCES’ SECTION AT END OF AN ASSIGNMENT:
REFERENCES
Hagen, J. (2002). Basic Skills for Adults. Birmingham: The Guidance Council. Handy, C. (1994). The Empty Raincoat. London: Hutchinson. Tuckett, A.(1999). ‘Who’s Learning What?’ The Guardian 18/5/1999, p. 13. Y&HES: Yorkshire and Humber Employment Service (1998). Survey of Clients Aged 25+ Unemployed for Two Years or More. London: Department for Education and Employment.
This is done by citing your sources (a partial reference) in the text of your assignments and listing all your sources in a references section at the end of the assignment.
(Y&HES 1998). There would appear to be a link too, between lack of qualifications, poor health and a disengagement from participation in political or civic life, and could aggravate the situation of unemployment for the people concerned (Hagen 2002).
PLAGIARISM
To knowingly take or use another person’s invention, idea or writing and claim it, directly or indirectly, to be your own work.
A reference is the full details of the source that is included in the ‘References’ or ‘Bibliography’ section, which you should include at the end of your assignment.
EXAMPLE OF A BOOK CITATION & REFERENCE:
• CitatБайду номын сангаасon in the text: (Handy 1994)
• Full Reference at the end of the assignment: Handy, C. (1994). The Empty Raincoat: Making Sense of the Future. London: Hutchinson.
definition • To acknowledge a specific writer who has influenced
your own thinking, or whose ideas you have summarised or paraphrased • To give the reader the source of any significant information you have summarised or paraphrased and therefore avoid plagiarism.
• The HARVARD SYSTEM is relatively easy to learn and use in assignments
CITATIONS & REFERENCES
A citation is a partial reference that you include in the main body of your assignment.
THERE ARE THREE MAIN FORMS OF PLAGIARISM:
1. Copying, summarising or paraphrasing words from a significant source straight into your assignment without acknowledging the source
WHEN to reference ?
Try the Plagiarism Quiz …
REFERENCING
• We use the HARVARD SYSTEM in the School of Management
• This involves citing the source (e.g. an author or name of a source organisation) as you write.
2. When pulling together a range of key ideas that you introduced and referenced earlier in the assignment
3. When stating or summarising generally undisputed facts circulating freely in the public domain and when there is unlikely to be any significant disagreement with your statements or summaries of these.
3. Colluding with other students and submitting identical or near identical work
HOW TO AVOID PLAGIARISM (1):
By summarizing in your own words as best you can another person’s work, and by giving acknowledgement to that person in your assignment.
EXAMPLE OF CITING REFERENCING A
CHAPTER FROM A ‘READER’
• Citation in the text: (Chaplin 1989)
• Full Reference : Chaplin, J. (1989). ‘Counselling and Gender’, in W. Dryden, D, CharlesEdwards, & R. Woolfe, R. (eds.) Handbook of Counselling in Britain. London: Routledge.
WHY use references in assignments ?
• To give the reader the source of statistics & other data • To add support to your own arguments or point of view • To refer the reader to the source of a quotation or
EXAMPLE OF CITING & REFERENCING AN ARTICLE IN A JOURNAL
• Citation: (Patten 1988)
• Reference: Patten, J. (1988). ‘Crime: a middle class disease?’ New Society , 84, 12-13.
HOW TO AVOID PLAGIARISM (2)
…or, by using quotation marks in your assignments to distinguish between your words and the other person’s words. Once again, you would acknowledge your sources in your references.
2. Copying another student’s work and then claiming or pretending it to be your own. It is also plagiarism if you allow another student to copy your work.
EXAMPLES OF CITING & REFERENCING AN INTERNET SOURCE:
• Citation in the text: (Ellison & Barry 2003)
• Full Reference:
Ellison, P.T. & Barry, R.E. (2001). ‘Business English for the 21st Century’, 2nd Edition, /bookbind/pubbook s/ellison/ (accessed 3rd October 2003).
EXAMPLE OF CITATIONS IN AN
ESSAY:
Although Handy (1994) has argued that education is the key to economic success for individuals, organisations and nations, a majority of adults in the UK have yet to be convinced or persuaded of this argument. In 1999 only forty per cent of adults had participated in any sort of formal learning in the previous three years. Of these, a significant majority was from social class groups A, B and C. Only a quarter of adults from semi-skilled or unskilled work backgrounds had involved themselves in formal education (Tuckett 1999). The consequences for people without qualifications who lose their jobs are often serious. A study of long-term unemployed people in Yorkshire found that sixty-one per cent had no educational qualifications, and a significant number of these had special learning needs.
YOU DON’T NEED TO REFERENCE
1. Information drawn from a variety of sources to summarise what has happened over a period of time and when the summary is unlikely to be a cause of dispute or controversy
EXAMPLE OF A ‘REFERENCES’ SECTION AT END OF AN ASSIGNMENT:
REFERENCES
Hagen, J. (2002). Basic Skills for Adults. Birmingham: The Guidance Council. Handy, C. (1994). The Empty Raincoat. London: Hutchinson. Tuckett, A.(1999). ‘Who’s Learning What?’ The Guardian 18/5/1999, p. 13. Y&HES: Yorkshire and Humber Employment Service (1998). Survey of Clients Aged 25+ Unemployed for Two Years or More. London: Department for Education and Employment.
This is done by citing your sources (a partial reference) in the text of your assignments and listing all your sources in a references section at the end of the assignment.
(Y&HES 1998). There would appear to be a link too, between lack of qualifications, poor health and a disengagement from participation in political or civic life, and could aggravate the situation of unemployment for the people concerned (Hagen 2002).