关于镀银层厚度

关于镀银层厚度，我从贾工处了解了一些信息，集合资料，现总结如下：
About the thickness of the silver coating, I get some information from our expert , following is the collection of the information.
电镀性质决定镀层厚度不可能很均匀，边角处、折角处（国际上采用直径为19的球测量直径以外区域，国内用直径20的球测量直径以外区域）、深孔处等只需做到有镀层即可，不可能所有面、所有点都达到5μm以上，只能说主要面最小厚度尽量做到等于或者大于5μm，具体可参考相关电镀标准（国标或者ISO标准）。

Plating’s nature determines that the coating thickness woule not be very uniform. It is acceptable that there are coating at corners(international people measure other area with a ball of diameter 19 while domestic people measure it with a ball of diameter 20) and deep holes. Coating thichness at all faces, points will not be all thicker than 5 μ m. We can only say that we will try our best to achieve that the minimum coating thickness at major surfaces is equal to or greater than 5 μm. And you can refer to related electroplating standard (domestic standard or ISO standard) for details.
1、镀层均匀性：
thickness uniformity
所有电镀层的厚度都不会是均匀的，这是电镀的性质决定的。

因为在同一个制件上，电流密度不可能做到均匀。

The coating thickness of all plating will not be uniform, this is determined by the nature of the electroplating. Because in the same product, current density might not be uniform.
不管什么电镀都是厚度不均匀,只是相差的大与小的问题,如挂镀时,每挂最上面和下面的工件肯定会比中间的厚一些,滚镀的有时一些工件滚到一些死角的地方，厚度比那些滚的流畅的工件厚度要薄一些，那单个工件来说，边角部分的厚度比中间部位的厚度要厚，这是肯定的，虽然有些厂里做了工件高区的遮挡，以免电流增大，高区烧焦，也是为了低区的厚度提升，高区厚度降低，来提升整体的厚度均匀，但是还是不可能那么均匀。

这所有这些现象都是一个原因，就是电镀产品电镀时的情况就像磁铁一样有一个磁力线原理，边角或尖端的电流线是密集的，中间肯定会比边缘的少的缘故。

No matter what kind of plating it is, the thickness will not be uniform. It is just the problem whether the difference is big or small. such as the huning plating,the top and bottom of every workpiece will be thick than middle,and in rolling plating, sometimes the thickness of some blind angle is thinner than fluent rolling workpiece. It is sure that for the individual workpiece, the thickness of edge is thicker than the middle place.Although some of the factories keep the high place of workpiece be covered to avoid being burned because of the bigger electric current and to improve the uniform of the plating by increasing the thickness of high place and decrease the thickness of low area, the whole thickness is still not so uiform. These phenomena is come from the same reason, that is, just like a magnet, the plating products also have a pricple of magbnetic field lines, the electric current line of corner and sharp corner is intensive, and the coating thickness in the middle must be less than the edge area.
2、电镀工艺缺陷：
Electroplating process defect
工艺允许的缺陷是指由于电镀工艺的限制，在电镀加工过程中出现的不可克服的缺陷，在一定的范围内，不作为不合格的判定依据。

工艺允许的缺陷往往是由于镀件结构复杂和电镀工艺技术的限制而难以完全消除的缺陷，比如深孔内可以允许一定孔深内没有镀层，或规定孔口向内的一定距离内有镀层即为合格等。

但是工艺允许的缺陷以不损失产品的使用功能为前提，是在不影响产品性能前提下的让步接收。

Allowing process defect means that because of the limitation of plating processes some overcome defects appeare in the process, in a certain range, it would not be the judgement basis as an unqualified product. Allowing process defect is always the result from a complex structure of the plating and the limitation of electroplating process technical which is completely eliminate.For example, in a deep hole, it is allowed that there would be no coating in the certen deepness, or it would regulate that when there is coating from the orifice to the certen distance, it is a qulified product, etc.But the primise of the allowing process defect is that it cannot loss the using function of the product, it would be acceptable when there is no influence to the product.
3、镀层测量 GB12334 等效 ISO 2064
coating measurement GB12334 is equal to ISO 2064
(1) 适用范围本国际标准定义了有关任何基体上的金属和其他非有机覆盖层厚度测量的术语。

此外，还规定了一些测量覆盖层最小厚度所要遵循的通则。

Applicable scope, this international standard defines the terms about any substrate of metal and other than organic layer thickness measurement.In addition,it also gives out general rules to measure the minimum thickness of the cover.
(2) 本国际标准采用以下定义①主要表面：工件上已涂覆或待涂覆的部分，对这部分而言，覆盖层对使用性能和/或外观都是至关重要的；并且这部分的覆盖层必须符合所有规定要求。

②测量面：主要表面上作单个测量的区域。

以下方法的“测量面”的相应定义为：This international standard adopts the following definitions (1) : the major surface: as for the part of workpiece which has been coated or will be coated, it is very important to the use performance and/or appearance. And the cover on this part must comply with all requirements. (2) the measuring surface:the main surface is a single measuring area. Following are the correspondent definitions of “measuring surface” by different ways.
(a)分析法的测量面为退除覆盖层的区域；
Analysis: the measuring surface is the area where the cover is stripped.
(b)阳极溶解法的测量面为电解池封闭圈所包围的区域；
An anodic dissolution: the measuring surface is the area surrounded by electrolysis pool closed circle.
(c)显微镜法的测量面为在规定放大倍数下的视野区域；
Microscopy: the measuring urface is the view area that be enlarged under provide multiple.
(d)无损法的测量面为探头区域或影响读数的区域。

Non-distructive method: the measuring surface is the probe area or the area influences the reading.
③参比面：要求作规定次数的单个测量的表面。

Reference surface: the surface requires specified number of single measurement.④局部厚度：在参比面内规定次数厚度测量的平均值。

Local thickness:the average value by the specified number of measurement of the thickness to the referance surface.
⑤最小局部厚度：在单个工件的主要表面所测得的局部厚度的最小值。

The minimum local thickness: the minimum value of the local thickness which get from the measurement on the single main workpiece surface.
⑥最大局部厚度：在单个工件的主要表面所测得的局部厚度的最大值。

The maximum local thickness: the maximum value of the local thickness which get from the measurement on the single main workpiece surface.
⑦平均厚度：或者是采用分析法得到的值，或者是采用在主要表面上进行规定次数的局部厚度测量得到的平均值。

Average thickness: the value get through the analysis or the average value get from specified number of local thickness measurement at the main surface.
(3) 局部厚度的测量平均厚度测量通常在总表面积有限的小件上进行：
The measurements of local thickness and average thickness usually measured on the small workpiece whose total surface area is limited.
①主要表面小于1 cm2的试件用于测量局部厚度的正常参比面应当是试件的全部主要表面。

在此参比面内要作的单个测量次数，应由有关各方商定。

在特殊情况下，可采取一些较小的参比面，但它们的尺寸、数量和位置应由各方商定。

The major surface less than 1 cm2 specimen: the normal reference surface used for measuring the local thickness should be major surface.The times of the single measurement should be agreed by the parties.In special circumstances, some smaller reference surfaces can be taken, but their size, quantity and position should be agreed by the parties.
②主要表面大于1 cm2的试件局部厚度应在约为1 cm2的参比面内进行测量(在可能的情况下，是1 cm×1 cm的面积)。

在此参比面内至多可取5个散布的测点(具体数取决于所用的测量方法)。

实际要作的测量次数应由有关各方商定。

The major surface greater than 1 cm2specimen: the local thickness should be measured in the reference surface about 1 cm2(if possible, is 1 cm × 1 cm). In the surface, there are mostly 5 spread measuring points (concrete number depends on the measuring methods). The number of actual measurement shall be agreed by the parties.
③显微镜法采用ISO 1463规定的显微法测量时，至少应当沿规定的显微截面长度作5个散布点的测量。

The microscopic method: when measured through the microscopic method according to the ISO 1463, there shall be at least five spread measurement points along the provided microscopic section.
(4) 平均厚度的测量
Average thickness measurement
①分析法：采用质量损失方法测量平均厚度时，选择的测量面应当足够大以便能用称重法准确测量质量损失。

如果涂覆件的主要表面小于要求的最小测量面积，则应选择一定数量的单个试件以便能提供一次测量所要求的测量面积，而且测量结果应为平均厚度。

如果涂覆件的主要表面的面积未明显超过要求的最小测量面积，则在该件上的一次测量应视为该件的平均厚度。

至少应测量两个试件以证明测量精度。

如果涂覆件的主要表面明显地超过要求的最小测量面积，则应在主要表面内分散作规定次数的重复测量，并分别记录测量结果。

Analysis: when measure the average thickness through the quality loss way, the choosed measuring surface should be big enough to measure the value of quality loss accurately by the way of weighing.If the coating area of a major surface is less than the minimum requirements, then certen number of single specimen should be choosed to provide the required the measurement area, and measurement results should be average thickness. If the area of the main coating surface is not substantially more than the minimum requirements, then the measurement on this specimen should be regarded as the average thickness.At least two specimens should be measured to
prove the accuracy of measurement. If the main coating surface area is significantly more than the minimum requirements, then prescribed number of scattered repeated measurements should be done in the main surface, and write down measurement results sepratedly.
②其他方法：如果涂覆件的主要表面的面积没有明显超过测量局部厚度的参比面，则应当将局部厚度值作为平均厚度。

如果涂覆件的主要表面的面积明显地超过测量局部厚度的参比面，则应当将散布于主要表面上的3～5个局部厚度测量值R 平均值作为平均厚度。

Other methods:if the main coating surface area is not significantly more than reference surface uesd to measure the local thickness,then the local thickness should be regarded as the average thickness. if the main coating surface area is significantly more than reference surface uesd to measure the local thickness, then the measured values R get from the measurement of 3 to 5 local points spread on the main surface should be regarded as the average thickness as average.
4、电镀工艺流程图，详见附件！
Electroplating process flow diagram, please see attached !
以上可能有描述不准的地方，若需进一步技术确认，我会申请安排贾工于你直接交流！There would be some mistake in the above discribition, if you need further confirmation, I'll arrange for you to communicate directly with our expert .。