高中英语 Unit 17 Laughter Section Ⅳ Language Aware

Section Ⅳ Language Awareness 2 & Culture
Corner
Ⅰ.根据词性及汉语意思写出单词
1．cough n．&vi. 咳嗽
2．crisis n. 危机，难关
3．circus n. 马戏团，杂技团，杂技场
4．sense n. 感觉，意思，意义
Ⅱ.补全短语
1．do sb. good 对某人有益
2．switch off 切断，关掉
3．make fun of 取笑；拿……开玩笑
4．point out 指出，指明
5．face up to 勇敢地面对
6．give away 赠送；泄露
7．be/get attached to 留恋，爱慕……
8．make a point 有意义，讲得通
9．feel down 情绪低落
10．call in 召来；召集
1. He had to wait for what seemed like ages in the doctor's surgery.
他不得不在诊所等了似乎很长时间。

[句式分析] what在此引导宾语从句并在从句中作主语。

[佳句赏析] 1492年，哥伦布到达了现在所称的美洲大陆。

In 1492, Columbus reached what is now called America.
2. An ironic situation is one where something is the opposite of what you would expect.
具有讽刺意味的情况是指事情与你所期望的是相反的。

[句式分析] where在此引导定语从句，修饰先行词one，one 指代situation。

[佳句赏析] 你能发现一个情况可以用这个单词吗？
Can you find a situation where this word is used?
[
That would do you a lot of good.
那会对你有很多的好处。

你不觉得和她谈一下会对你有益吗？
Exercising every day will do your health good.
每天锻炼对你的健康有好处。

They think learning English is one of the demands of modern society and will do good to our future career.
他们认为学习英语是现代社会的要求之一并且有益于我们未
来的职业。

In my opinion, it's no good eating (eat) too much fat.
在我看来，吃太多肥肉没好处。

[联想发散] 与do sb. good类似的结构还有哪些？试着写一写。

①do_sb._harm ＝ do_harm_to_sb.对某人有害
②do_sb._wrong ＝ do_wrong_to_sb.冤枉某人
翻译句子
①I'm sure a few days off would do you a lot of good.
我确信休息几天肯定对你的身体大有好处。

②后悔过去的过失是没有用的。

It's_no_use_regretting_your_past_mistakes.
③Please don't do me wrong; I was not criticizing you just now.
请不要冤枉我，我刚才并不是批评你。

A person with a sardonic sense of humour has a way of making fun of people and turning it into laughter.
一个有冷嘲热讽幽默感的人有捉弄人的方法，并且能把它变成笑声。

strange hat.
人们取笑她是因为她戴着一顶奇怪的帽子。

I had fun with my friends at the party.
我和朋友们在晚会上玩得很开心。

I wrote this story just for fun and to get your imagination started!
我写这个故事只是为了好玩，发挥你的想象力吧！
[联想发散] 我们学过的“取笑/捉弄某人”的其他表达：
①play tricks/jokes on sb.(＝ play a joke/trick on sb.)
开某人的玩笑，捉弄某人
②make a fool of sb. 捉弄某人，愚弄某人
③laugh at sb. 嘲笑某人
1．单句语法填空
①He had never learned to dance and was not prepared to make a fool of himself.
②The kids are always playing tricks on their teacher.
③People collect things just for fun.
④They made fun of Jim because of his strange hairstyle.
⑤We had great fun swimming (swim) in the river.
2．完成句子
⑥昨天我们在公园里赏花并且玩得很愉快。

We enjoyed the flowers in the park, and had_great_fun yesterday.
⑦夏天跳进河里游泳是多么快乐的事啊！
What_fun it is to jump into the river to swim in summer!
Satire points out faults in people, society or groups such as corporations, and makes people laugh at those faults.
讽刺指出人们身上、社会或团体例如企业的缺点，并且让人们嘲笑这些缺点。

他指出了我作文中的一个错误。

She found her uncle on the point of leaving (leave) the market.
她发现她叔叔正要离开市场。

The hands of the clock pointed to two.
这个钟表的指针指向两点。

I'll come straight to the point — your work isn't good enough.
我要直截了当地说——你的工作做得不够好。

1．单句语法填空
①They pointed their guns at her head but she was not afraid.
②No matter who points out our shortcomings, we will correct them.
③He pointed to the house on the corner and said，“That's where I live.”
2．用point的相关短语完成句子
④我喜欢汤姆的演讲，他的演讲清楚、切题。

I like Tom's speech; it was clear and to_the_point.
⑤由于大部分内容都跑题了，这个同学的作文得分很低。

The student received low marks for his composition, as much of it was off_the_point.
⑥小偷正要把手伸进那位女士的手提袋中，这时公共汽车突然
停了。

The thief was_on_the_point_of_putting his hand into the lady's handbag when the bus suddenly stopped.
⑦不要在这个问题上绕圈子，开门见山地说吧。

Don't talk round the question; come_straight_to_the_point.
[
For others, black humour is a way of facing up to, and talking about, difficult subjects ...
对其他人来说，黑色幽默是一种面对和谈论困难的方式……
happen.
带着微笑勇敢地面对生活，不管将来发生什么。

They'll never offer you another job; you might as well face up to it.
他们决不会再给你另一份工作，所以你还是勇敢面对吧。

They are all faced with the same problem.
他们都面临着同样的问题。

Although I often send e­mails to Tom, I have never seen him face to face.
虽然我经常给汤姆发电子邮件，但是我从没有见过他的面。

[名师指津] Faced with ...作状语时，相当于Facing ...，表示“面临，面对”。

1．单句语法填空
①Faced (face) with so much trouble, I can't help but turn to my parents for help.
②The building facing (face) the river is likely to be destroyed by the flood.
③Don't make a face. Eating vegetables is good for your health.
2．完成句子
④那间窗户朝南的房子是我的。

The house with its windows facing_south belongs to me.
⑤据报道，面对危险他表现出了巨大的勇气。

It is reported that he showed great courage in_the_face_of_danger.
⑥与朋友面对面地交流是缓解工作和生活压力的一种方式。

Communicating_with_friends_face_to_face is a way to relieve pressure from work and life.
[
I will never give your secrets away again.
我再也不会说出你的秘密了。

这位百万富翁死后把他所有的钱捐赠了出去。

We are afraid the kids would give the whole thing away.
恐怕孩子们会把整件事说出去。

Our food and water will give out soon.
我们的水和食物马上就要用完了。

This engine gives off lots of smoke and steam.
发动机释放出很多烟雾和水汽。

[名师指津] give out表示“用完，耗尽”时，无被动语态。

1．介、副词填空
①Buffett has given away most of his wealth to the Bill Gates Foundation.
②If you want to give up your bad habits, you must be
strong­minded.
③Do you think the President will give in to the terrorists' demand?
④His stren gth gave out after he ran that long distance.
2．句型转换
⑤The coal resource here has been used up.
→The coal resource here has given out.
⑥To my surprise, he let out the secret I had told him.
→To my surprise, he gave away the secret I had told him.
If you work with an animal for 20 years you get pretty attached to it ...
如果你同一个动物一起工作了20年，你对它非常依恋……
这位老人非常依恋旧的风俗习惯。

This hospital is attached to the medical college nearby.
这家医院附属于附近的那所医学院。

Attach a recent photograph to your application form.
申请表上贴一张近照。

People attach too much importance to economic forecasts.
人们把经济预测看得过于重要。

1．单句语法填空
①The middle school attached (attach) to Beijing Normal University is well­known across the country.
②A young man attached himself (he) to me at the party and I couldn't get rid of him.
③She has alway s been very much attached to her work.
2．完成句子
④到了国家应当重视能源节约和环境保护的时候了。

It is high time that the country should attach importance to energy saving and environment protection.
⑤他深爱着自己的母亲。

He is_deeply_attached_to his mother.
⑥你总是依附那些最后会伤害你的人。

You always attach_yourself_to_people who end up hurting you.
An ironic situation is one where something_is_the_opposite_of what_you would expect.
具有讽刺意味的情况是指事情与你所期望的是相反的。

where something is the opposite of what you would expect 是一个定语从句，先行词one代指前面的situation，关系词where 相当于in which。

The pilot was in a situation where he lost control of the plane.
那位飞行员处于对飞机失控的境地。

Our economy has increased to the point where the system has to be reformed.
我们的经济已经发展到必须改革体制的阶段。

[名师指津] 当先行词为表示事物发展的某个阶段、程度的抽象地点名词，如case, situation, point, stage等时，用where 引导定语从句，不用when。

用适当的关系词填空
①I'll show you the point where you fail.
②The police are looking into a case where the suspect (嫌疑犯) is a woman.
③The factory that/which we visited yesterday was built last year.
④Can you think of a situation where we can use the phrase properly?
进行时态与非进行时态
[语法初识]
一、进行时态的用法
1．现在进行时
(1)现在进行时表示现在正在进行的动作。

—What are you doing?
—I'm doing my homework.
——你在做什么？
——我正在做作业。

(2)有些动词(如go, come, stay, leave, start等)的现在进行时形式也可以表示将来即将发生的动作。

Your father is coming to see you tomorrow.
你父亲明天要来看你。

The plane is leaving for Paris.
这架飞机要飞往巴黎。

(3)表示说话人对主语的行为表赞叹或厌恶(常与always, constantly, continually等副词连用)。

He is constantly leaving his things about.
他老是乱扔东西。

(4)get, turn, grow, become等系动词，可用于进行时，表示“正在逐渐……”。

These trees are growing taller and taller.
这些树正越长越高。

(1)单句改错
①It gets warmer and warmer.gets→is_getting
②They go to Beijing this coming Friday.go→are_going
(2)完成句子
③他们正在讨论如何在别的地方销售这些书。

They are_discussing_how_to_sell the books elsewhere.
④他总是犯同样的错误。

He is_always_making the same mistake.
2．过去进行时
过去进行时主要用于表示过去某个时刻或某段时间内正在进行或继续进行的动作。

过去进行时经常与过去时搭配使用。

In 2006, he was studying in a university in the south.
2006年，他在南方一所大学里读书。

We were walking along the street when the accident happened.
我们正沿着街道散步，这时事故突然发生了。

翻译句子
①昨晚七点至八点，她在看一部英文小说。

She_was_reading_an_English_novel_from_7_to_8_last_nig ht.
②对不起我没来，我在写一篇论文。

I'm_sorry_I_didn't_come._I_was_writing_a_paper.
③他告诉我说第二天他们就要出发了。

He_told_me_that_they_were_starting_the_next_day.
二、一般时态的用法
一般时表示经常性、习惯性的动作或状态，强调长期性、稳定性；而进行时指一段时期内正在进行的动作，强调暂时性、不稳定性。

They usually go to play basketball after school.
他们通常放学后去打篮球。

(经常性的动作)
They were playing basketball when I saw them.
我看到他们时，他们正在打篮球。

(暂时性的动作)
1．一般现在时
(1)表示经常或习惯性的动作或者叙述现在的事实。

常用的时
间状语有：always, usually, often, sometimes, seldom, never, every day (week, month, year), once a week, now and then, from time to time, at times等。

We go to work every day except Sunday.
除了星期天我们天天上班。

He is always ready to help others.
他总是乐于助人。

(2)表示客观事实或客观真理。

The teacher told the students that the earth moves around the sun.
老师告诉学生地球绕着太阳转。

[名师指津] (1)由连词if, unless, before, as soon as, when, once等引导的时间(或者条件、让步)状语从句，需用一般现在时表将来。

(2)安排或计划要做的动作(有时间状语)，用一般时表将来。

注意：限于begin, come, leave, go, arrive, open, start, stop, close, return等一类动词。

(3)在某些以here, there开头的句子中用一般现在时，动词表示的是现在发生的动作。

Once he makes up his mind, no one can stop him.
一旦他下定了决心，没有人能拦住他。

The train starts at eight o'clock in the evening.
火车晚上8点钟发车。

There goes the bell!
铃响了！
(1)单句改错
①If you will see him, tell him to come, please.去掉will
②Look! Here is coming the b us！is_coming→comes
(2)完成句子
③你为什么经常上班迟到？
Why are_you_often_late for work?
④开往杭州的下一辆汽车在8：00出发。

The next bus for Hangzhou leaves_at_8：00.
2．一般过去时
一般过去时通常由动词的过去式表示。

规则动词的过去式是在动词末尾加­ed或­d，个别动词需要双写词尾的辅音字母后再加­ed 或变y为i再加­ed。

不规则动词的过去式有其特殊形式。

(1)一般过去时主要用于表示过去某一时刻或某段时间发生的事、存在的状态(包括习惯性动作)，常与表示过去的时间状语last night, yesterday等连用。

The plane arrived ten minutes ago.
飞机在十分钟之前抵达了。

After graduation he first worked as a driver, and then
started a company.
毕业后他先是当了司机，后来开了家公司。

(2)表示过去经常发生的或习惯性的动作，used to表示“过
去常常做……，现在不再做了”；而would只表示过去的一个习惯
性动作。

它们可以表达为“used to/would＋动词原形。

”
Mike used to get up late.
迈克过去常常起床晚。

During the vacation we would go skating in winter.
寒假里我们常常滑冰。

判断下列句子的时态是否正确(T/F)
①He often swam in the lake when he was young.
(T)
②He once had studied English in Nan chang for four years.
(F)
③This job is easier than I expect.
(F)
④He said that technology is changing so rapidly that
it's difficult for us to follow the fashion.
(T)
三、一般不用进行时态的动词
1．短暂性动词： finish, marry, get up, come, go等。

2．认知类动词： understand, know, believe, think, doubt,
forget, remember等。

3．感觉、感情类动词： see, hear, smell, taste, feel, notice, look, seem, appear, hate, love, fear, like, want, wish, prefer, refuse, forgive等。

4．存在类动词： be, exist, remain, stay, obtain等。

5．从属类动词(短语): have, possess, own, contain, belong to, consist of等。

The house belongs to my brother.
这所房子属于我弟弟。

She loves swimming better than running.
她喜欢游泳胜于跑步。

单句改错
①Professor Williams keeps telling his students that the future is belonged to the well­educate d.is_belonged→belongs
②One year is consisting of 12 months.is_consisting→consists
[应用实战]
一、链接高考
单句语法填空
1．(2017·江苏高考)He's been informed that he doesn't_qualify (not; qualify) for the scholarship because
of his academic background.
2．(2017·江苏高考)He hurried home, never once looking back to see if he was_being_followed (follow)．
3．(2017·天津高考) I was driving (drive) down to London when I suddenly found that I was on the wrong road.
4．(2017·北京高考)People have (have) better access to health care than they used to, and they're living longer as a result.
5．(2016·北京高考) Jack was_working (work) in the lab when the power cut occurred.
6．(2015·湖南高考) That's why I help brighten people's days. If you don't (not), who's to say that another person will?
7．(2015·重庆高考)—Is Peter coming?
—No, he changed (change) his mind after a phone call at the last minute.
8．(陕西高考)On Monday mornings it usually takes (take) me an hour to drive to work although the actual distance is only 20 miles.
9．(四川高考)Hurry up, kids! The school bus is_waiting (wait) for us!
10．(新课标卷Ⅱ)We were_leaving (leave) very early so
we packed the night before.
二、针对演练
单句语法填空
1．I didn't_know (not know) Mr. White at that time; otherwise I wouldn't have asked you for some information about him.
2．I had wanted to help you last night but I couldn't spare any time, for I was_writing (write) a composition which I have to hand in this morning.
3．—What's that noise?
—Oh, I forgot to tell you. The new machine is_being_tested (test)．
4．According to the literary review, Shakespeare makes (make) his characters live through their language in his plays.
5．Get out in the fresh air and sunshine, and you will_feel (feel) refreshed.
6．—Car prices have been going down sharply in the last 20 years.
—It's not surprising because the law of market controls (control) the price of a product.
7．—When did you come back?
—Half an hour ago. You were_listening (listen) to music.
8．—Have you completed your paper?
—Not yet. I am_writing (write) the last chapter.
9．I was_going (go) along the street looking for a place to park when the accident occurred.
10．Ladies and gentlemen, please fasten your seat belts.The plane is_taking (take) off.。