贸易实务ch8票据

Payment between governments
The government of one country may make payment to that of another country for political ,military or economic reasons, such as giving aids and grants, providing disaster relief8, etc.
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From cash settlement to non-cash settlements (从现金结算到非现金结算）
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From direct payment made between international traders to payment effected through a financial intermediary(从直接支付到通过金融中介支付）
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§ 1 Introduction of international settlements 一、Why do we study international settlement?
Do you know how to make payment safely and efficiently in the international trade? Do you know how to finance in the international trade? International settlement in fact is the course that tells us how to make payment in an international transaction.
international
1、relating to, or involving two or more nations 2、Extending across or transcending national boundaries
settlement
to pay or collect money owed or claimable.
As foreign exchange banks were set up over time in different regions around the world ,the payment channel has changed, especially after a new means of payment, namely the bill of exchange, had been widely used in international payments and settlements. These banks acted as intermediaries effecting international payments by the buyers to the sellers. Banks are playing more and more important roles in international trade and become the center of international settlement.
Visible trade invisible trade
Financial transaction Payment between
governments
International Trade Settlement
Accounting for 80% International settlement
E-commerce and information technology is
promoting international settlement to develop itself
toward non-paper and automatic transaction.
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五、Basic Methods of International Settlement
➢facilitating funds transfer efficiently world-wide;
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(3)Funds transfer (资金转移）
Funds transfer always happens in the following activities:
importing and exporting the tangible and visible
International settlement refers to the money transfer via banks to settle accounts, debts and claims among different countries.
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Three elements in international settlement （国际结算中的三要素） (1)Persons in different countries（不同国家） (2) Bank’s Participation（银行参与） (3) Funds transfer (资金转移）
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From traditional settlement to E-settlement(从传统 结算到电子结算）
➢In traditional settlement, buyers, sellers and banks connect with each other by modern transportation or communication, such as plane, railway, telephone etc.
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(1)Persons in different countries（不同国家）
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(2) The role of Bank’s Participation（银行参与）
Seller and buyer are far from each other, it is inconvenient and dangerous for seller and buyer to make direct cash payments from one country to another country
Settlement on commercial credit 基于商业信用的结算
Settlement on bank credit 基于银行信用的结算
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1、Prepayments in advance The goods will not be shipped until the buyer has paid the seller. ➢Time of payment: Before shipment ➢Goods available to buyers: After payment ➢Risk to exporter: None ➢Risk to importer: Relies completely on exporter to ship goods as ordered Characteristics:
Provides greatest security for the seller and greatest risk for the buyer. Requires that the buyer have a high level of confidence in ability and willingness of the seller to deliver the goods as ordered.
第八章 Instruments in International Settlement
§ 1 Introduction of international settlements §2 Introduction of Instruments §3 Bill of exchange §4 Promissory Note §5 Checks
International Non-trade Settlement
Accounting for
20%
International
settlement, but
increasing
quickly
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四、Evolution of Modern International Settlement
From barter transaction to cash settlement (从易货交易到现金结算）
Financial transaction
International financial transaction covers foreign exchange market transaction, government supported export credits, syndicated loans, etc.
➢Nowadays, internet is developing very fast and are becoming the most communication in daily life. Buyers, sellers and banks can communicate with each other by internet. People are trying to make payment on line.
2.Methods of international payment and settlement（国
际结算方式）
Remittance汇款
Collection托收
Letter of credit信用证 Letter of guarantee银行保函
Factoring保理
Forfeiting福费廷
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三、What is international settlement?
Visible trade
commodity and goods. Importers in one country must make payment to exporters in another country for their imported
goods; exporters must receive payment from the overseas
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二、The Research Objective of International Settlement
1.Tools of international payment and settlement（国际
结算工具）
Bill of Exchange汇票 Promissory Note本票
Check支票
பைடு நூலகம்
buyers.
invisible trade
It includs service trade, technology transfer, patent, copyright contracts, etc. service trade include all receipts and payments between the residents and foreigners on transportation, insurance, travel, communications, postage and bank service, etc.
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Basic points to be considered in using advance payment ➢The credit standing of the exporter must be exceedingly good. ➢The economic and political conditions in the exporter’s country should be very stable. ➢The importer should have sufficient balance sheet liquidity or be confident of obtaining working capital by way of importing financing. ➢The importer should have the knowledge that the exchange control authorities in his country will permit advance payment to be made.