2021高考人教版英语二轮专题复习【统考版】40分阅读理解提分练(三)含解析

40分阅读理解提分练(三)
阅读理解(共两节，满分40分)
第一节(共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。

A
[2020·太原市高三模拟试题] Great inventors like Thomas Edison have influenced people's lives with their inventions. While their contributions are certainly valuable, other amazing inventions were actually created by children!
The trampoline
Trampolines are great for both fun and exercise, but they are a fairly recent invention. In the 1930s, George Nissen was inspired to make a bouncy “net”after seeing a circus performance. He thought it more entertaining for performers to continue bouncing instead of landing in a net. So, at the age of 16, he made it by stretching thick cloth in a metal frame.
The Popsicle
Cold weather led to the creation of a delicious invention —the Popsicle. Frank Epperson was just 11 years old when he accidentally created his first Popsicle. He was making himself a soda drink and left his glass outside overnight. When he found it in the morning, it had frozen solid with the stir (搅拌) stick still in the glass. And the first Popsicle was born.
Braille
Three-year-old Louis Braille experienced a serious eye injury that blinded him in both eyes. He struggled to read by moving his fingers across raised letters, but that proved very difficult. At the age of twelve, Louis learned about a communication system where messages could be read silently with fingertips. He changed it and created Braille. It's now used around the world!
BEACON
When Hannah Herbst was just 14 years old, she was named America's Top Young Scientist for inventing a device called BEACON. After receiving a letter from her Ethiopian pen pal, Hannah was inspired to create a device that could convert the energy from ocean waves into electricity which she hopes will help people without easy access to electricity.
1．Which of the inventions greatly benefits the blind?
A．The trampoline. B．The Popsicle.
C．Braille. D．BEACON.
2．Who was awarded a national title for his/her invention?
A．George Nissen. B．Frank Epperson.
C．Louis Braille. D．Hannah Herbst.
3．What do the child inventors have in common?
A．They were all awarded for their amazing inventions.
B．They all made improvements on previous inventions.
C．They were all teenagers when they made their inventions.
D．They all invented great things that influence people's lives.
B
[2020·郑州高三第一次质测]If there was a subject at school that made me anxious, it was science. Maybe that's because in my tenth grade, I couldn't understand my physics teacher's instructions, causing me to accidentally set fire to the classroom. So, when my husband and I decided to homeschool our daughters, we made a deal: he would teach science, while I would handle everything else. But that's not how things have been going these past few weeks, since my husband has been too busy to teach the girls.
Recently, while out on my morning hike before starting lessons, I noticed that the sky was a beautiful blue, and the air was filled with the sweet smell of flowers. That's why I decided that the day's lessons would be taught outside, although I remembered that my daughters hadn't had any science classes from my husband for a while.
I returned to the house to get the girls ready. We headed up into the forest, settling ourselves by a pond that rarely has any visitors. My daughter Saoirse started to pick up pondweed and catch frogs, while my other daughter Ula looked at me, waiting to be instructed. I handed her a drawing board and colored pencils. “We wait，” I told her, “and see if something comes along. In the meantime, just draw what's around you.”
We worked for more than an hour, hardly speaking. A bird flew across the water, and then settled in front of a fallen tree. I quickly told Ula, worrying that she'd not seen the creature. But she had, and she started drawing it. An hour later, she finished her picture and I stared down at it. She drew the bird on her paper with amazing accuracy. But there was one other interesting fact about this drawing: she also drew me, sitting beside her.
I realized, as I stared at this child's drawing of us watching a bird, how I'd lived for 40 years, received 10 years of higher education, and never understood the foundation of science before this moment. The foundation of science is a sense of wonder; it isn't about accurately reciting words from a textbook. It is first and foremost about stepping outside our busy lives and being amazed at the world around us.
4.How did the author feel about science when in school?
A．She was nervous about it.
B．She was fond of it.
C．She was confused about it.
D．She was eager for it.
5．The underlined word “it”in Paragraph 4 refers to “ ________”．
A．the fallen tree B．the forest
C．the bird D．the picture
6．Which of the following best describes Ula?
A．She's very outgoing.
B．She's good at observing.
C．She's very hard-working.
D．She shares interests with her sister.
7．What is the foundation of science in the author's opinion?
A．Attention to accuracy.
B．Curiosity about the outside world.
C．Determination to find out the truth.
D．The ability to understand teachers' instructions.
C
[2020·河北省高三六校联考]“The fact that the smoke reached São Paulo and blackened an afternoon proves how unusual the fires that burn in the countryside of Brazil are，” Ricardo Mello, head of the World Wide Fund for Nature's (WWF) Amazon program, said.
The latest figures come at a time of international protest against the inaction of President Jair Bolsonaro's administration. In July, Brazil's National Institute for Space Research (INPE) showed data to the public, which indicated that there had been a significant rise in deforestation (毁林) rates. Particularly, the figures showed that in July 2019, deforestation had increased nearly 300 percent in comparison to the same month in 2018.
Environmentalists are becoming increasingly concerned, accusing the government of encouraging deforestation and those who want to make use of the forest for commercial gain. During his time in power, Bolsonaro has moved to rob some power of government agencies that are responsible for protecting the rainforest as well as regulations covering native lands and nature reserves. Bolsonaro sees these kinds of regulations as a drag on economic growth in the Amazon region.
Fire in the Amazon is used as a technique to clear land for agriculture. “Farmers clear cut land to make way for agriculture, and then wait for the dry season to set fire to clear the land so they can plant，” Mello said.
“It's likely that all of these forest fires are deliberately set by humans.”
Now it is the dry season in the Amazon, which means conditions in many parts of the rainforest are suitable for the fires to spread over large areas. “It is very unlikely that those fires break out naturally，” Mello said. “It is important to remember that 2019 is not a strong El Niño year. When we have strong El Niños, weather gets drier in the northern part of Brazil and this favors fires. This is not the case of 2019.”
8．Why are deforestation figures of 2018 and 2019 compared?
A．To share knowledge of the Amazon forest.
B．To show how the Brazil president governs.
C．To stress the seriousness of deforestation.
D．To express the anger of environmentalists.
9．What does President Bolsonaro do for deforestation?
A．Weakening relevant government agencies.
B．Encouraging the fight for commercial gain.
C．Using techniques to clear land for agriculture.
D．Defending regulations about nature reserves.
10．What are the weather conditions of the Amazon when the fires break out?
A．They're fit for fires to break out naturally.
B．The Amazon experiences the dry season.
C．They're possible for fires to spread everywhere.
D．The Amazon is just in a strong El Niño year.
11．What is the best title for the text?
A．Jair Bolsonaro's Administration Was Accused
B．Farmers Cleared Amazon Land for Agriculture
C．Unusual Rainforest Fires: Effects on Health and Weather
D．Amazon Fires: Possibly Linked to Environmental Policies
D
[2020·青岛高三练习诊断]Hybrid cars are cars that run on both petrol and electricity. They each have a small standard petrol engine and a battery and an electric motor to provide electrical power.
There are some differences between different models of hybrid cars, but the general principle is that the car runs on petrol, and the electric motor kicks in when additional power is required, for example when going uphill or accelerating. In some hybrid cars the petrol engine turns itself off when not needed, for example when the car has stopped at traffic lights, keeping only the electric engine running.
Conventional cars have large engines to cope with driving uphill and
accelerating. Most of the time, this high engine capacity is not needed, but the engine continues burning up fuel. Hybrid cars have much smaller petrol engines, boosted by electric motors when needed, so they use less petrol. Hybrid cars are also lighter and aerodynamically (空气动力学地) designed for greater fuel efficiency.
Another way that fuel consumption is cut is by a system of “regenerative braking (刹车)”. The electric motor is used to slow down the car, rather than conventional brakes. The energy produced by the slowing car is transformed into electrical power, which is automatically stored in the battery. In effect, the battery recharges when you brake. In conventional cars the energy produced when the cars are braking is wasted.
Car manufacturers and engineers have been experimenting with electric and hybrid cars since the late 19th century. In 1898 Ferdinand Porsche built an experimental hybrid car that used both an internal burning engine and electric motors. The first mass-produced hybrid car, the Toyota Prius, came out in Japan at the end of 1997. However, hybrid cars became available in the USA only in 1999, when the Honda Insight went on sale.
As they use less fuel, hybrid cars are cheaper to run. There are also many initiatives in place to encourage people to buy them. In some countries, hybrid car owners pay a lower rate of tax, and don't have to pay on certain toll roads (收费公路). In some cities around the world, hybrid cars are allowed to park for free.
12．What can we learn from Paragraph 2?
A．Hybrid cars don't need petrol any more.
B．The petrol engine and the electric motor work all the way.
C．Hybrid cars mainly depend on electrical power to run.
D．Some hybrid car petrol engines will quit when unnecessary.
13．Which is NOT the reason why hybrid cars consume less energy?
A．Smaller petrol engines. B．Scientific design.
C．Conventional brakes. D．Energy storage.
14．What can we infer from the last paragraph?
A．Hybrid cars are cheaper to buy.
B．Hybrid car owners don't have to pay tax.
C．Hybrid car owners don't need to pay the parking fee.
D．Hybrid cars will have a bright future.
15．What's the author's purpose of writing the passage?
A．To advertise hybrid cars.
B．To introduce hybrid cars.
C．To compare conventional cars and hybrid cars.
D．To inform the development of hybrid cars.
第二节(共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分)
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。

选项中有两项为多余选项。

[2020·临沂市高三下学期模拟]
Life in Death Valley
Death Valley is a huge place, extending more than 225 kilometers across the southern part of California into the neighboring state of Nevada. As beautiful as this place is, its name provides evidence of very real danger.
__16__ It has nearly 1.4 million hectares of desert and mountains that reach more than 3,000 meters into the sky. Death Valley can be dangerously cold during the winter months. Storms in the mountains can cause sudden floods on the floor of the valley. But, during summer months, the air temperature has been as high as 57 degrees Celsius. __17__ The extreme heat of Death Valley has once killed people.
In many areas of Death Valley, it is easy to see where the ground has been pushed up violently by movement deep in the Earth. This has created unusual and beautiful rock formations, with colors of red, brown, gray, yellow and black. In other parts of Death Valley, there are lines in the rock. The lines are evidence of the past presence of water. __18__
Much of Death Valley is flat and extremely dry. In some areas the ground is nothing but salt. However, it would be wrong to think that nothing lives in Death Valley. __19__ Wildflowers grow very quickly after even a small amount of rain. Several kinds of birds live in Death Valley. Visitors might see the dog-like animal called the coyote, or wild bighorn sheep, or other animals like the desert tortoise.
Throughout history, Native Americans found ways to survive in Death Valley. Rock art and other remains show that humans lived in the valley as far back as 9 000 years ago. Nowadays, more than one million people visit it each year. __20__ The sun slowly turns the valley a gold color that deepens to a soft brown, then changes to a dark red. As night comes, the mountains turn a dark purple color, then black.
A．The valley is full of life.
B．The setting sun is visitors' favorite.
C．Images here seem to change each minute.
D．Death Valley is a place of strange and silent beauty.
E．Death Valley doesn't forgive those who are not careful.
F．Death Valley is a land of beautiful yet dangerous extremes.
G．The area was deep under an ocean for many thousands of years.
40分阅读理解提分练(三)
第一节
A
语篇类型：说明文主题语境：人与社会——发明创造——小小发明家
[文章大意]像爱迪生那样的大发明家发明的东西对人们的生活产生了很大的影响，但是实际上也有一些改变人们生活的东西是由孩子们发明的。

本文重点介绍了孩子们的四种发明。

1．答案与解析：C考查细节理解。

由题干关键词“benefits the blind”定位至第四段，根据该段内容特别是最后两句“He changed it and created Braille. It's now used around the world！”可知，Braille这个发明对盲人极为有益。

故C项正确。

2．答案与解析：D考查细节理解。

根据尾段第一句“When Hannah Herbst was just 14 years old, she was named America's Top Young Scientist for inventing a device called BEACON.”可知，Hannah Herbst 在14岁时，因发明了一种名为BEACON的装置而被称为美国顶级青年科学家。

故D项正确。

3．答案与解析：D考查推理判断。

根据第一段中的“have influenced people's lives”和“other amazing inventions”并通读第二段至第五段可推知，孩子们的四种发明——蹦床、棒冰、盲文、海浪发电装置都很棒，它们影响了人们的生活。

故D项正确。

B
语篇类型：记叙文主题语境：人与自我——个人经历——有关自然科学学习的新认识
[文章大意]上学的时候，作者总是对自然科学感到担心，然而成
年后和女儿们一起到户外学习的经历使作者认识到：学习自然科学的基础是对外界的好奇心。

4．答案与解析：A考查细节理解。

根据第一段，尤其是第一句“If there was a subject at school that made me anxious, it was science”可知，作者在上学时对学习自然科学感到焦虑。

5．答案与解析：C考查代词指代。

根据第四段第二、三句“A bird flew across the water... worrying that she'd not seen the creature”可知，一只鸟飞过水面，然后停留在一棵倒下的树前，作者赶紧告诉Ula，担心她没有看到那只鸟，并结合画线词所在句中的“But she had”可知，她看到了那只鸟并开始画它，故代词it指代那只鸟。

6．答案与解析：B考查推理判断。

根据第四段中的“She drew the bird on her paper with amazing accuracy. But there was one other interesting fact about this drawing: she also drew me, sitting beside her”可知，Ula以惊人的准确性在纸上画了那只鸟，而且还画了坐在她旁边的作者，由此可推知，Ula擅长观察。

7．答案与解析：B考查观点态度。

根据第五段的内容，尤其是第二句中的“The foundation of science is a sense of wonder”以及尾句中的“being amazed at the world around us”可知，作者认为学习自然科学的基础是对外界的好奇心。

C
语篇类型：说明文主题语境：人与自然——人与环境——巴西热带雨林火灾
[文章大意]文章介绍了巴西热带雨林火灾的原因。

8．答案与解析：C考查推理判断。

根据第二段中的“In July, Brazil's National Institute for Space Research (INPE) showed date to the public, which indicated that there had been a significant rise in deforestation (毁林) rates. Particularly, the figures showed that in July 2019, deforestation had increased nearly 300 percent in comparison to the same month in 2018.”可以推断，对比数据的目的是强调森林被破坏的严重性。

9．答案与解析：A考查细节理解。

根据第三段中的“During his time in power, Bolsonaro has moved to rob some power of government
agencies that are responsible for protecting the rainforest... nature reserves”可知，在Bolsonaro执政期间，他削减了负责保护热带雨林以及国有土地和自然保护区相关法规的政府机构的权力。

故选A项。

10．答案与解析：B考查细节理解。

根据最后一段中的“Now it is the dry season in the Amazon, which means conditions in many parts of the rainforest are suitable for the fires to spread over large areas.”可知，B 项“亚马孙地区处于干季”正确。

11．答案与解析：D考查标题判断。

文章从第二段开始，主要在讲巴西亚马孙热带雨林火灾的原因，矛头直指巴西总统及政府推动的毁林政策，故亚马孙地区发生火灾可能与环境政策有关，故D项作本文标题最佳。

易错点拨A项干扰性很大，考生认为巴西总统应该被指责，但是忽略了文章的中心是火灾而非巴西总统。

D
语篇类型：说明文主题语境：人与社会——新能源——混合动力汽车的研究和开发
[文章大意]本文主要介绍了混合动力汽车的工作原理、优势和发展前景。

12．答案与解析：D考查细节理解。

根据第二段中的“In some hybrid cars the petrol engine turns itself off when not needed.”可知，在一些混合动力汽车中，当不需要时，汽油发动机会关闭。

故选D。

13．答案与解析：C考查细节理解。

根据第四段中的“Another way that fuel consumption is cut is by a system... The electric motor is used to slow down the car, rather than conventional brakes.”可知，传统的刹车并不能减少能量消耗。

故选C。

14．答案与解析：D考查推理判断。

根据最后一段中“cheaper to run... encourage people to buy... owners pay a lower rate of tax, and don't have to pay on certain toll roads (收费公路)．.. hybrid cars are allowed to park for free.”可知，很多优惠政策都倾向混合动力汽车，由此可以推测，混合动力汽车前景光明。

15．答案与解析：B考查写作目的。

通读全文可知，文章内容主
要围绕混合动力汽车展开，介绍了它们的优势和前景等。

故选B。

第二节
语篇类型：说明文主题语境：人与自然——人与环境——美国死亡谷的生物
[文章大意]本文是一篇说明文。

文章介绍了美国的死亡谷里的生物。

16．答案与解析：F空格后说死亡谷有将近140万公顷的沙漠和海拔超过3 000米的山脉。

冬季极冷，山里的暴风雨顷刻之间引发洪水；夏季的气温高达57 ℃，有人曾在这里热死。

F项“死亡谷是一个美丽但却危险的极端地区”能够引出下文，符合语境。

故选F。

17．答案与解析：E空格前说夏季，死亡谷的气温高达57 ℃；空格后说死亡谷的酷热天气曾使人死亡。

E项“死亡谷不饶恕那些不小心的人”承上启下，符合语境。

故选E。

18．答案与解析：G空格前说岩石上的线条是这里曾经有水的证据。

G项“这个地区几千年来一直位于海洋深处”承接上文，符合语境。

故选G。

19．答案与解析：A空格前说如果认为死亡谷里没有生命，那你就错了；空格后提到了几种死亡谷里的生物。

A项“这个山谷充满了生机”承上启下，符合语境。

故选A。

20答案与解析：C空格后说太阳慢慢地把山谷变成金黄色，然后颜色变深成为浅褐色，再变成深红色。

夜晚来临时，山脉变成深紫色，再变成黑色。

C项“这里的景象好像每分钟都在变化”能够引出下文，符合语境。

故选C。