【广东省各市一模2014广州一模】2014年广州市普通高中毕业班综合测试(一)数学文试题 Word版含答案
2014广州一模试卷
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试卷类型:A 2014年广州市普通高中毕业班综合测试(一)语文2014.3 本试卷共8页,24小题,满分为150分。
考试用时150分钟。
注意事项:1.答卷前,考生务必用2B铅笔在“考生号”处填涂考生号。
用黑色字迹的钢笔或签字笔将自己所在的市、县/区、学校以及自己的姓名和考生号、试室号、座位号填写在答题卡上。
用2B铅笔将试卷类型(A)填涂在答题卡相应位置上。
2.选择题每小题选出答案后,用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目选项的答案信息点涂黑;如需改动,用橡皮擦干净后,再选涂其他答案。
答案不能答在试卷上。
3.非选择题必须用黑色字迹的钢笔或签字笔作答,答案必须写在答题卡各题目指定区域内的相应位置上;如需改动,先划掉原来的答案,然后再写上新的答案;不准使用铅笔和涂改液。
不按以上要求作答的答案无效。
4.作答选做题时,请先用2B铅笔填涂选做题的题组号对应的信息点,再作答。
漏涂、错涂、多涂的,答案无效。
5.考生必须保持答题卡的整洁。
考试结束后,将试卷和答题卡一并交回。
一、本大题4小题,每题3分,共12分。
1.下列词语中加点的字,每对读音都不相同....的一组是A.箴.言/斟.酌国粹./仓猝.复辟./开天辟.地B.撰.写/编纂.贬谪./嫡.系冠.名/冠.冕堂皇C.对峙./嗜.好竣.工/疏浚.提.防/提.心吊胆D.清澈./掣.肘粗犷./旷.达识.别/博闻强识.2.下面语段中画线的词语,使用不恰当...的一项是近几年,国内许多风景名胜区实行“一票制”,将景区内多个景点门票捆绑搭售。
这种做法引起了人们的置疑和不满,许多游客认为这是变相涨价。
一个知名景区要可持续发展,首先必须赢得游客的口碑,如果过分依赖“门票经济”做“一锤子买卖”,对游客的意见充耳不闻,一意孤行,一旦引起游客的反感乃至抵触,就可能造成难以挽回的损失。
A.置疑 B.一锤子买卖 C.充耳不闻 D.乃至3.下列句子中,没有语病....的一句是A.著名作家村上春树连续五年排在诺贝尔文学奖获奖预测名单榜首,却年年与该奖无缘,可以堪称诺贝尔文学奖史上“最悲壮的入围者”。
2014年广州市普通高中毕业班综合测试(一)语文试题
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试卷类型:A 2014年广州市普通高中毕业班综合测试(一)语文2014.3 本试卷共8页,24小题,满分为150分。
考试用时150分钟。
注意事项:1.答卷前,考生务必用2B铅笔在‚考生号‛处填涂考生号。
用黑色字迹的钢笔或签字笔将自己所在的市、县/区、学校以及自己的姓名和考生号、试室号、座位号填写在答题卡上。
用2B铅笔将试卷类型(A)填涂在答题卡相应位置上。
2.选择题每小题选出答案后,用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目选项的答案信息点涂黑;如需改动,用橡皮擦干净后,再选涂其他答案。
答案不能答在试卷上。
3.非选择题必须用黑色字迹的钢笔或签字笔作答,答案必须写在答题卡各题目指定区域内的相应位置上;如需改动,先划掉原来的答案,然后再写上新的答案;不准使用铅笔和涂改液。
不按以上要求作答的答案无效。
4.作答选做题时,请先用2B铅笔填涂选做题的题组号对应的信息点,再作答。
漏涂、错涂、多涂的,答案无效。
5.考生必须保持答题卡的整洁。
考试结束后,将试卷和答题卡一并交回。
一、本大题4小题,每题3分,共12分。
1.下列词语中加点的字,每对读音都不相同....的一组是A.箴.言/斟.酌国粹./仓猝.复辟./开天辟.地B.撰.写/编纂.贬谪./嫡.系冠.名/冠.冕堂皇C.对峙./嗜.好竣.工/疏浚.提.防/提.心吊胆D.清澈./掣.肘粗犷./旷.达识.别/博闻强识.2.下面语段中画线的词语,使用不恰当...的一项是近几年,国内许多风景名胜区实行‚一票制‛,将景区内多个景点门票捆绑搭售。
这种做法引起了人们的置疑和不满,许多游客认为这是变相涨价。
一个知名景区要可持续发展,首先必须赢得游客的口碑,如果过分依赖‚门票经济‛做‚一锤子买卖‛,对游客的意见充耳不闻,一意孤行,一旦引起游客的反感乃至抵触,就可能造成难以挽回的损失。
A.置疑 B.一锤子买卖 C.充耳不闻 D.乃至3.下列句子中,没有语病....的一句是A.著名作家村上春树连续五年排在诺贝尔文学奖获奖预测名单榜首,却年年与该奖无缘,可以堪称诺贝尔文学奖史上“最悲壮的入围者”。
2014年广州普通高中毕业班综合测试(一)英语试题
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2014年广州普通高中毕业班综合测试(一)英语试题本试卷共12页,三大题,满分135分。
考试用时120分钟。
I 语言知识及应用(共两节,满分45分)第一节完形填空(共15小题;每小题2分,满分30分)阅读下面短文,掌握其大意,然后从1~15各题所给的A、B、C和D项中,选出最佳选项,并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
In America, if you are invited to a wedding, baby shower, bar mitzvah(成人礼)or other celebrations, you’re expected to bring a gift. Usually, it should be modest in 1 , about $25.For a wedding, the bride will often have “registered” a list of gifts at a local department store, indicating the items she 2 .When you buy a registered item, tell the store that you’re doing this, so the couple doesn’t receive the 3 gift twice. For a baby shower, bring a gift 4 for a new born baby. For a bar mitzvah, bring a gift appropriate for a 13-year-old boy. Because they are such important occasions, gifts for bar mitzvahs tend to be more 5 , for example, a gold-plated pen. 6 the pen by carving the boy’s full name will be appreciated.If you wish to give a gift to American friends, choose something that is 7 to your country. It needn’t be valuable or8 , just typical of your homeland. 9 includea book about your country, an inexpensive souvenir, or something else that reflects your10 . Young children who like collecting will probably be very 11 with a set of your country’s coins or stamps. Items that are 12 in your country but difficult to find abroad are also good.If staying with an American family, a good way of expressing your thanks is to take them to a form of 13 , such as a baseball game or a concert.When giving gifts to a business acquaintance, don’t give anything too personal, 14 to a woman. A scarf or a hat is OK, but other types of 15 are not. Something appropriate for the office is best.1. A. size B. value C. weight D. appearance2. A. prefers B. owns C. uses D. imagines3. A. first B. best C. same D. similar4. A. general B. suitable C. demanding D. expensive5. A. modest B. cheerful C. normal D. formal6. A. Personalizing B. Replacing C. Designing D. Changing7. A. convenient B. appropriate C. unique D. beneficial8. A. colorful B. rare C. heavy D. nice9. A. Opportunities B. Expectations C. Inventions D. Possibilities10. A. character B. interest C. culture D. progress11. A. annoyed B. impressed C. amused D. puzzled12. A. limited B. banned C. common D. priceless13. A. education B. discussion C. exercise D. entertainment14. A. directly B. especially C. merely D. deliberately15. A. clothing B. perfume C. jewelry D. equipment第二节语法填空(共10小题;每小题1.5分,满分15分)阅读下面短文,按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求,在空格处填入一个适当的词或使用括号中词语的正确形式填空,并将答案填写在答题卡标号为16~25的相应位置上。
2014年广州市普通高中毕业班综合测试一
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2014年广州市普通高中毕业班综合测试(一)英语I.语言知识及应用(共两节,满分45分)第一节完形填空是(共15小题,每小题2分,满分30分)阅读下面短文,掌握其大意,然后从1~15各题所给的A、B、C和D项中,选出最佳选项,并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
In America, if you are invited to a wedding , baby shower, bar mitzvah(成年礼)or other celebrations, you’re expected to bring a gift. Usually, it should be modest in 1 , about$25.For a wedding, the bride will often have “registered” a list of gifts at a local department store, indicating the items she 2 . When you buy a registered item, tell the store that you’re doing this , so the couple doesn’t receive the 3 gift twice. For a baby shower, bring a gift 4 for a newborn baby. For a bar mitzvah, bring a gift appropriate for a13-year-old boy. Because they are such important occasions, gifts for bar mitzvahs tend to be more 5 , for example, a gold-plated pen. 6 the pen by carving the boy’s full name will be appreciated.If you wish to give a gift to American friends, choose something that is 7 to your country. It needn’t be valuable or 8 , just typical of your home land.9 include a book about your country , an inexpensive souvenir , or something else that reflects your 10 . Yong children who like collecting will probably be very 11 with a set of your country’s coins or stamps. Items that are 12 in your country but difficult to find abroad are also good.If staying with an American family, a good way of expressing your thanks is to take them to a form of 13, such as a basketball game or a concert. When giving gifts to a business acquaintance, don’t give anything too personal,14 to a woman. A scarf or a hat is ok, but other types of 15 are not. Something appropriate for the office is best.1.A.sixw B. value C. weight D. appearance2.A.A prefers B. owns C. uses D. imagines3.A.firstr B. best C. same D. similar4.A.general B. suitable C. demanding D. expensive5.A.modest B. cheerful C. normal D. formal6.A.Personalizing B. Replacing C. Designing D. Changing7.A.convenient B. appropriate C. unique D. beneficial8.A.colourful B. rare C. heavy D. nice9.A.Opportunities B. Expectations C. Inventions D. Possibilities10.A.character B. interest C. culture D. progress11.A.annoyed B. impressed C. amused D. puzzled12.A.limited B. banned C. common D. pricelesscation B. discussion C. exercise D. entertainment14.A.diredtly B. especially C. merely D. deliberately答案:1-5BACBD 6-10 ACBDC 11-15 BCDBA第二节语法填空(While thousands of college students headed for warm climates to enjoy sun and fun during their week off from classes, seven local students had other plans.The Northern Essex Community College (NECC) students and one of their teachers spent part of their spring break in New York City , helping repair an area 16 (destroy ) by the hurricane .“ I wanted to see for myself what happened,” said Terry. “ I couldn’t imagine 17 it is like to lose your home and everything that you know and the 18 (power ) effect the hurricane had on those people. I wanted to do something, to understand their feeling of helplessness.”The group headed into Brooklyn’s Red Hook district, which was hit heard by the hurricane. There they net people from other parts of the country , 19 had also volunteered to help. Together, those volunteers and the NECC students 20 (work) to clear rubbish out of a three-story building. They put on protective suits and gloves 21 they entered the building.Inside the building, the students saw nothing but broken walls and doors and pieces of the building 22( lie) all over the place.The students returned to school with 23 sense of achievement, a felling that 24 helped people in need. It was remarkable how a community lost so much and was still able to recover, and this left the deepest impression 25 the students.答案:16.destroyed 17. what 18.powerful 19.who 20.worked 21.before 22.lying 23.a 24.they 25.onII 阅读(共两节,满分30分)AI once met a well-known botanist at a dinner party. I had never talked with a botanist before, and I found him very interesting . I sat there absorbed and listened while he spoke of unusual plants and his experiments (he even told me astonishing facts about the simple potato), I had a small indoor garden of my own – and he was good enough to tell me how to solve some of my problems.As I said ,we were at a dinner party. There mist have been a dozen other guests, but I broke an important rule of politeness. I ignored everyone else and talked for hours to the botanist .Midnight cane. I said good night to everyone and departed. The botanist then turned to our host and said many nice things about ne , Including that I was a “most interesting conversationalist:.An interesting conversationalist ? I had said hardly anything at all.I couldn’t have said anything if I had wanted to without changing the subject, for I didn’t know any more about plants than I knew about sharks. But I had done this one thing; I had listened carefully. I listened because I was really interested. And he felt it. Naturally that pleased him. That kind of listening is one of the best ways to show respect to others, and it makes them fell great too. “Few human beings.” Wrote Jack Woodford in Strangers in Love, “can resist the sweet effect of rapt attention.” I went even further that that .I was “sincere in my admiration and generous in my praise”. I told him that I had been hugely entertained and instructed . I told him I wished I had his knowledge. I told him that I should love to wander the fields with him. What’s more, it was all true. And so I had him thinking of me as a good conversationalist when , in reality, I had only been a good listener and had encouraged him to talk.26.From Paragraph1 we cam learn that the writer ____.A. was deeply moved by the botanist’s talkB. was amazed by what he was hearingC. was not in a comfortable situationD. behaved politely and properly27. Which of the following does the writer describe as a rule of politeness at dinner parties?A. Avoiding discussions about politics and religion.B. Listening carefully to what another guest says.C. Arriving and leaving at the appropriate time.D. Giving attention to all those in attendance.28.According to the writer, which of the following is an important characteristic of a good conversationalist?A. Listening attentively and encouraging the other side to continue.B. Encouraging the other side by sharing his /her own opinions.C. Promising a future meeting for more communication.D. Expressing respect by nodding his/her head.30.Waht is the purpose of the passage?A. To prove the writer is an interesting conversationalist.B. To share an interesting experience at a dinner party.C. To explain what makes a good conversationalist .D. To show that botanists can be really talkative.26-30BDBACB.A British dog-lover has invented a high-tech way of feeding his pet by Twitter( 推特,流行社交网络). Computer expert Nat Morris ,30, has designed a system to give his pet a “tweet treat” by sending him a Twitter message.His dog Toby gets some delicious dog biscuits from a computer-controlled food machine whenever Nat sends a message to “@ feedtoby”.Nat often works away from home and isn’t always able to feed Toby by hand. But his new invention allows Nat to feed his dog from anywhere in the world.Nat said .,” Toby absolutely loves it. At first he didn’t know what was going on . Now he sits underneath the machine, wagging his tail and waiting for the food to drop.”Nat fill s the food machine with small pieces of dog biscuits, but not too many in case four-year- old Toby gets too many messages. And Nat has even equipped his house with an online camera so he can see Toby enjoying he food at his home.But one problem is that friends and family have been so amazed with the “tweet treat “ machine that they have started sending tweets to Toby too. So Nat has had to restrict feeding time to make sure Toby doesn’t turn into Tubby.“People have been sending him tweets at all hours of the day, so I had to limit it to between 9a.m. and 9 p.m. . I’m thinking of doing an updated one which can measure his weight before he is fed ,just to make sure he’s not putting on too much puppy fat,” explained Nat.How Nat’s Twitter Feeder works:When a message is sent to @ feedtoby, it is received by a mini –computer that is linked to the feed machine.When the mini-computer receives the message, a bell rings and Toby comes running over and sits in front of the feeding machine. Next , the machine’s motor pulls open a trap door which releases a serving of food.The doggy biscuits then drop into Toby’s food bowl. Finally a digital camera takes a photo of him and sends it back to Nat on Twitter –so he knows Toby has been fed.31.Nat has invented a high-tech way to feed his dog because he ______.A. wants his friends to feed TobyB. has very strong computing skillsC. is often too busy to feed his dogD. doesn’t like to feed Toby by hand.32.Why has Nat decided to limit the feeding machine’s operating time?A. He doesn’t want Toby to get too fat.B. He fears the machine will run out of food.C. He wants his friends to stop feeding Toby.D. He doesn’t want Toby to be woken up at night .33. It can be learned from the passage that Toby _______.A. sits beneath his feeder all day long.B. is now used to being fed by machineC. doesn’t know what happens to the feederD. no longer receives tweets from Nat’s friends34.Which of the following shows the correct order of how the Twitter Feeder works?a. The bell goes off.b. is now used to being fed by machinec. doesn’t know what happens to the feederd. no longer receives tweets from Nat’s friends.e. The motor starts to work and opens the door to release dog food. A.a,b,v,e, d B.b,c,e,a,d C.b,c,a,e,d D.c,b,a,d,e,35. In which section of the newspaper would you most probably find this passage?A. TechnologyB. Health .C. EnvironmentD. Style31-35CABCACNo one knows why we dream, but some dreams might be connected to the mental processes that help us learn. In a recent study, scientists found a connection between dreams and better memory in people learning a new skill.So perhaps one way to learn something new is to practice , practice , practice _ and then sleep on it.“I was very surprised by this finding ,” said Robert Stickgold ,a HarvardUniversity scientist who led the study.In the study ,100 college students each spent an hour on a computer , trying to get through a maze(迷宫). The maze was difficult, and the study participants had to start from a different place each time they tried- making it even more difficult.Then, for the first 90 minutes of a five-hour break, half of the participants were required to stay awake while half were asked to sleep. Participants who stayed awake were asked to describe their thoughts. Participants who slept were asked to describe any dream they had.Stickgold and his colleagues wanted to know about NREM, or non-REM sleep. REM stands for “rapid eye movement.” Which is what happens during REM sleep. This period of sleep often brings strange dreams to a sleeper, although dreams can happen in both kinds of sleep. Stickgold wanted to know what people were dreaming about when their eyes weren’t moving, during NREM wanted to know what people were dreaming about when their eyes weren’t moving, during NREM sleep. Other studies have found connection between NREM brain activity and learning ability.Four of the 50 people who slept said their dreams were about the maze. Later, when these four people tried the computer maze again, they were able to complete it faster.Stickgold believes the dream itself doesn’t help a person learn-it’s the other way around. He suspects that such dreams are caused by the brain processes associated with learningAll the maze-dreamers had done the task poorly the first time, which makes Stickgold wonder if the NREM dreams show up when a person finds a new task particularly difficult . People who had other dreams ,or people who didn’t show the same improvement.36. In the first stage of the study, the participants were asked to ____.A. design a maze on computerB. find their way out of a maze.C. decide where to begin a mazeD. remember a location in a maze37.What happened to the participants during the break?A. Half of them were woken up when they started to dream.B. Half of them were asked to dream about the maze.C. All of them were asked to describe their thoughts.D. Half of them were asked to sleep for 90 minutes.38.What can we learn from the passage?A. Everyone will dream about a new skill after learning it.B. Stickgold was the first to study dreams and learning.C. During NREM sleep, people usually don’t dream.D. Unusual dreams often occur during REM sleep.39.According to the last paragraph , before sleeping the maze –dreamers ___.A. found it difficult to do the maze .B. were greatly interested in the mazeC. were mostly slow and poor thinkersD. completed the maze faster than others40. Which of the following statements best summarizes the study’s conclusion?A. Dreams have a role in learning .B. Dreams have no basis in reality.C. Dreams are important for health.D. Dreams are the best way to study.36-40BDDAAD.The recent publication of autobiographies by two of Britain’s greatest scientists, biologist Richard Dawkins and physicist Stephen Hawking, is a wonderful opportunity to compare and contrast these two remarkable men. Surprisingly, they have rather more in common than we think.Most striking is the similarity in their backgrounds. They were born in the early 1940s to middle class families _ not wealthy but comfortablyoff , with a strong commitment to academic excellence and public service . Both families were keen to send their boys to Oxford University—and both succeeded, Dawkins studying zoology and Hawking physics.Neither man has a very positive view of his early university life. Hawing describes the attitude at Oxford in the 1950s and 1960s as very anti-work, “You were supposed to either be brilliant without effort or fail. Hard work was looked down upon by students and we all pretended that nothing was worth making an effort for.” He estimates that he studied for no more than an hour a day as an undergraduate student (本科生)。
2014广州一模英语试题&答案(已校对)
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广州市2014届普通高中毕业班综合测试(英语)Ⅰ语言知识及应用(共两节,满分45分)第一节完形填空(共15小题;每小题2分,满分30分)In America, if you are invited to a wedding, baby shower, bar mitzvah(成年礼)or other celebrations, you're expected to bring a gift. Usually, it should be modest in 1 , about$25.For a wedding, the bride will often have "registered" a list of gifts at a local department store, indicating the items she 2 .When you buy a registered item, tell the store that you're doing this, so the couple doesn't receive the 3 gift twice. For a baby shower, bring a gift 4 for a newborn baby. For a bar mitzvah, bring a gift appropriate for a 13-year-old boy. Because they are such important occasions, gifts for bar mitzvahs tend to be more 5 , for example, a gold-plated pen. 6 the pen by carving the boy's full name will be appreciated.If you wish to give a gift to American friends, choose something that is 7 to your country. It needn't be valuable or 8 , just typical of your homeland. 9 include a book about your country, an inexpensive souvenir, or something else that reflects your 10 .Young children who like collecting will probably be very 11 with a set of your country's coins or stamps. Items that are 12 in your country but difficult to find abroad are also good.If staying with an American family, a good way of expressing your thanks is to take them to a form of 13 , such as a basketball game or a concert.When giving gifts to a business acquaintance, don't give anything too personal, 14 to a woman. A scarf or a hat is ok, but other types of 15 are not. Something appropriate for the office is best.1. A. size B. value C. weight D. appearance2. A. prefers B. owns C. uses D. imagines3. A. first B. best C. same D. similar4. A. general B. suitable C. demanding D. expensive5. A. modest B. cheerful C. normal D. formal6. A. Personalizing B. Replacing C. Designing D. Changing7. A. convenient B. appropriate C. unique D. beneficial8. A. colorful B. rare C. heavy D. nice9. A. Opportunities B. Expectations C. Inventions D. Possibilities10. A. character B. interest C. culture D. progress11. A. annoyed B. impressed C. amused D. puzzled12. A. limited B. banned C. common D. priceless13. A. education B. discussion C. exercise D. entertainment14. A. directly B. especially C. merely D. deliberately15. A. clothing B. perfume C. jewelry D. equipment笫二节语法填空(共10小题;每小题1.5分,满分15分)While thousands of college students headed for warm climates to enjoy sun and fun during their week off from classes, seven local students had other plans.The Northern Essex Community College( NECC) students and one of their teachers spent part of their spring break in New York City, helping repair an area 16. (destroy) by the hurricane.“I wanted to see for myself what happened,” said Terry. “I couldn't imagine 17. it is like to lose your home and everything that you know and the 18. (power) effect the hurricane had on those people. I wanted to do something, to understand their feeling ofhelplessness.”The group headed into Brooklyn's Red Hook district, which was hit hard by the hurricane. There they met people from other parts of the country, 19. had also volunteered to help. Together, those volunteers and the NECC students 20. (work) to clear rubbish out of a three-story building. They put on protective suits and gloves 21. they entered the building.Inside the building, the students saw nothing but broken walls and doors and pieces of the building 22. (lie) all over the place.The students returned to school with 23. sense of achievement, a feeling that 24.______ helped people in need. It was remarkable how a community lost so much and was still able to recover, and this left the deepest impression 25. the students.Ⅱ阋读(共两节,满分50分)第一节阅读理解(共20小题;每小题2分,满分40分)AI once met a well-known botanist at a dinner party. I had never talked with a botanist before, and I found him very interesting. I sat there absorbed and listened while he spoke of unusual plants and his experiments (he even told me astonishing facts about the simple potato). I had a small indoor garden of my own -- and he was good enough to tell me how to solve some of my problems.As I said, we were at a dinner party. There must have been a dozen other guests, but I broke an important rule of politeness. I ignored everyone else and talked for hours to the botanist.Midnight came. I said good night to everyone and departed. The botanist then turned to our host and said many nice things about me, including that I was a “most interesting conversationalist ”.An interesting conversationalist? I had said hardly anything at all. I couldn't have said anything if I had wanted to without changing the subject, for I didn't know any more about plants than I knew about sharks. But I had done this one thing: I had listened carefully. I listened because I was really interested. And he felt it. Naturally that pleased him. That kind of listening is one of the best ways to show respect to others, and it makes them feel great too. “Few human beings," wrote Jack Woodford in Strangers in Love "can resist the sweet effect of rapt attention.” I went even further t han that. I was “sincere in my admiration and generous in my praise”.I told him that I had been hugely entertained and instructed. I told him I wished I had his knowledge. I told him that I should love to wander the fields with him. What's more, it was all true.And so I had him thinking of me as a good conversationalist when, in reality, I had only beena good listener and had encouraged him to talk.26. From Paragraph l, we can learn that the writer_________A. was deeply moved by the botanist's talkB. was amazed by what he was hearingC. was not in a comfortable situationD. behaved politely and properly27. Which of the following does the writer describe as a rule of politeness at dinner parties?A. Avoiding discussions about politics and religion.B. Listening carefully to what another guest says.C. Arriving and leaving at the appropriate time.D. Giving attention to all those in attendance.28. The underlined expression "rapt attention" in Paragraph 4 is closest in meaningto__________A. full understandingB. strong interestC. great uncertaintyD. little curiosity29. According to the writer, which of the following is an important characteristic of a good conversationalist?A. Listening attentively and encouraging the other side to continue.B. Encouraging the other side by sharing his/her own opinions.C. Promising a future meeting for more communication.D. Expressing respect by nodding his/her head.30. What is the purpose of the passage?A. To prove the writer is an interesting conversationalist.B. To share an interesting experience at a dinner party.C. To explain what makes a good conversationalist.D. To show that botanists can be really talkative.BA British dog-lover has invented a high-tech way of feeding his pet by Twitter(推特,流行社交网络).Computer expert Nat Morris, 30, has designed a system to give his pet a "tweet treat" by sending him a Twitter message.His dog Toby: gets some delicious dog biscuits from a computer-controlled food machine whenever Nat sends a message to “@ feedtoby “.Nat often works away from home and isn't always able to feed Toby by hand. But his new invention allows Nat to feed his dog from anywhere in the world.Nat said, "Toby absolutely loves it. At first he didn't know what was going on. Now he sits underneath the machine, wagging his tail and waiting for the food to drop. "Nat fills the food machine with small pieces of dog biscuits, but not too many in case four-year-old Toby gets too many messages. And Nat has even equipped his house with an online camera so he can see Toby enjoying the food at his home.But one problem is that friends and family have been so amazed w ith the “tweet treat" machine that they have started sending tweets to Toby too. So Nat has had to restrict feeding time to make sure Toby doesn't turn into Tubby.“People have been sending him tweets at all hours of the day, so I had to limit it to betwe en 9 a. m. and 9 p. m. I'm thinking of doing an updated one which can measure his weight before he is fed, just to make sure he's not putting on too much puppy fat, “explained Nat.How Nat's Twitter Feeder works:When a message is sent to @ feedtoby, it is received by a mini-computer that is linked to the food machine.When the mini-computer receives the message, a bell rings and Toby comes running over and sits in front of the feeding machine. Next, the machine's motor pulls open a trap door which releases a serving of food.The doggy biscuits then drop into Toby's food bowl. Finally a digital camera takes a photo of him and sends it back to Nat on Twitter - so he knows Toby has been fed.31. Nat has invented a high-tech way to feed his dog because he________.A. wants his friends to feed TobyB. has very strong computing skillsC. is often too busy to feed his dogD. doesn't like to feed Toby by hand32. Why has Nat decided to limit the feeding machine's operating time?A. He doesn't want Toby to get too fat.B. He fears the machine will run out of food.C. He wants his friends to stop feeding Toby.D. He doesn't want Toby to be woken up at night.33. It can be learned from the passage that Toby_________A. sits beneath his feeder all day longB. is now used to being fed by machineC. doesn't know what happens to the feederD. no longer receives tweets from Nat's friends34. Which of the following shows the correct order of how the Twitter Feeder works?a. The bell goes off.b. A message is sent to @ feedtoby.c. The mini-computer gets the message.d. The digital camera takes a photo of Toby and sends it to Nat.e. The motor starts to work and opens the door to release dog food.A. a, b, c, e, d.B. b, c, e, a, d.C. b, c, a, e, d.D. c, b, a, d, e35. In which section of the newspaper would you most probably find this passage?A. Technology.B. Health.C. Environment.D. Style.CNo one knows why we dream, but some dreams might be connected to the mental processes that help us learn. In a recent study, scientists found a connection between dreams and better memory in people learning a new skill.So perhaps one way to learn something new is to practice, practice, practice -- and then sleep on it."I was very surprised by this finding,” said Robert Stickgold, a Harvard University scientist who led the study.In the study, 100 college students each spent an hour on a computer, trying to get through amaze (谜宫). The maze was difficult, and the study participants had to start from a different place each time they tried -- making it even more difficult.Then, for the first 90 minutes of a five-hour break, half of the participants were required to stay awake while half were asked to sleep. Participants who stayed awake were asked to describe their thoughts. Participants who slept were asked to describe any dream they had.Stickgold and his colleagues wanted to know about NREM, or non-REM sleep. REM stands for “rapid eye movement, “which is what happens during REM sleep. This period of sleep often brings strange dreams to a sleeper, although dreams can happen in both kinds of sleep. Stickgold wanted to know what people were dreaming about when their eyes weren't moving, during NREM sleep. Other studies have found a connection between NREM brain activity and learning ability.Four of the 50 people who slept said their dreams were about the maze. Later, when these four people tried the computer maze again, they were able to complete it faster.Stickgold believes the dream itself doesn't help a person learn -- it's the other way around. He suspects that such dreams are caused by the brain processes associated with learning.All the maze-dreamers had done the task poorly the first time, which makes Stickgold wonder if the NREM dreams show up when a person finds a new task particularly difficult. People who had other dreams, or people who didn't sleep, didn't show the same improvement.36. In the first stage of the study, the participants were asked to________A. design a maze on computerB. find their way out of a mazeC. decide where to begin a mazeD. remember a location in a maze37. What happened to the participants during the break?A. Half of them were woken up when they started to dream.B. Half of them were asked to dream about the maze.C. All of them were asked to describe their thoughts.D. Half of them were asked to sleep for 90 minutes.38. What can we learn from the passage?A. Everyone will dream about a new skill after learning it.B. Stickgold was the first to study dreams and learning.C. During NREM sleep, people usually don't dream.D. Unusual dreams often occur during REM sleep.39. According to the last paragraph, before sleeping the maze-dreamers________A. found it difficult to do the mazeB. were greatly interested in the mazeC. were mostly slow and poor thinkersD. completed the maze faster than others40. Which of the following statements best summarizes the study's conclusion?A. Dreams have a role in learning.B. Dreams have no basis in reality.C. Dreams are important for health.D. Dreams are the best way to study.DThe recent publication of autobiographies by two of Britain's greatest scientists, biologist Richard Dawkins and physicist Stephen Hawking is a wonderful opportunity to compare and contrast these two remarkable men. Surprisingly, they have rather more in common than we think.Most striking is the similarity in their backgrounds. They were born in the early 1940s to middle class families -- not wealthy but comfortably off, with a strong commitment to academic excellence and public service. Both families were keen to send their boys to Oxford University --and both succeeded, Dawkins studying zoology and Hawking physics.Neither man has a very positive view of his early university life. Hawking describes the attitude at Oxford in the 1950s and 1960s as very anti-work, "You were supposed to either be brilliant without effort or fail. Hard work was looked down upon by students and we all pretended that nothing was worth making an effort for. “He estimates that he studied for no more than an hour a day as an undergraduate student (本科生).Undergraduate life was somewhat more rewarding for Dawkins. Like Hawking, he wasn't particularly hard-working and never attended his lectures. But he found Oxford's system of weekly essay-based lessons with an academic tutor useful, "It was really only the tutorial system that educated me.”For both men, scientific life really got going as postgraduates after 1962. Dawkins, who remained at Oxford, describes brilliantly the academic competition among the postgraduate students, which he believed helped push him to develop the ideas that formed the basis of his most famous book, The Selfish Gene. This volume transformed scientific thinking aboutDarwinian evolution.Hawking, on the other hand, moved to Cambridge University after graduation, where his research into the universe would eventually make him the most famous physicist since Albert Einstein. He writes movingly about the disease which progressively crippled his entire body, leaving him unable to move and only able to communicate using a computer controlled by his eyes. Although communication is slow - he can write only 3 words a minute using the machine - his illness has not affected his mind or his research on space-time and the origins of the universe.Each book is recommended individually as a personal introduction to an important scientific thinker. Read together, they provide a superb background to the academic and social climate of postwar British research.41. Which of the following describes a similarity in Hawking's and Dawkins' backgrounds?A. They were both from wealthy families.B. They studied the same subject in university.C. They graduated from the same secondary school.D. They both came from families that valued good education.42. Why did Hawking study very little as an undergraduate student?A. He preferred doing his own research and experiments.B. Students considered it inappropriate to study too much.C. The materials discussed in lectures were very easy for him.D. He was more interested in making friends with his classmates.43. According to Dawkins, what helped him develop his most important ideas?A. His hard work as an undergraduate.B. The support he received from his family.C. The excellent tutors at Oxford University.D. The competition from other postgraduate students.44. What can we reasonably infer about the two scientists from the passage?A. Dawkins worked much harder than Hawking as an undergraduate.B. Hawking is more respected by the scientific community.C. They knew each other during their studies at Oxford.D. Hawking has experienced more physical difficulties.45. What is the function of the last paragraph?A. To state which book the writer prefers.B. To recommend the reviewed books to readers.C. To summarize the achievements of the two scientists.D. To suggest the order in which the books should be read.笫二节信息匹配(共5小题;每小题2分,满分10分)阅读下列应用文及相关信息,并按照要求匹配信息。
【广东省各市一模2014广州一模】广东省广州市2014届高三毕业班综合测试(一)语文试题 Word版含答案
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试卷类型:A 2014年广州市普通高中毕业班综合测试(一)语文2014.3 本试卷共8页,24小题,满分为150分。
考试用时150分钟。
注意事项:1.答卷前,考生务必用2B铅笔在‚考生号‛处填涂考生号。
用黑色字迹的钢笔或签字笔将自己所在的市、县/区、学校以及自己的姓名和考生号、试室号、座位号填写在答题卡上。
用2B铅笔将试卷类型(A)填涂在答题卡相应位置上。
2.选择题每小题选出答案后,用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目选项的答案信息点涂黑;如需改动,用橡皮擦干净后,再选涂其他答案。
答案不能答在试卷上。
3.非选择题必须用黑色字迹的钢笔或签字笔作答,答案必须写在答题卡各题目指定区域内的相应位置上;如需改动,先划掉原来的答案,然后再写上新的答案;不准使用铅笔和涂改液。
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漏涂、错涂、多涂的,答案无效。
5.考生必须保持答题卡的整洁。
考试结束后,将试卷和答题卡一并交回。
一、本大题4小题,每题3分,共12分。
1.下列词语中加点的字,每对读音都不相同....的一组是A.箴.言/斟.酌国粹./仓猝.复辟./开天辟.地B.撰.写/编纂.贬谪./嫡.系冠.名/冠.冕堂皇C.对峙./嗜.好竣.工/疏浚.提.防/提.心吊胆D.清澈./掣.肘粗犷./旷.达识.别/博闻强识.2.下面语段中画线的词语,使用不恰当...的一项是近几年,国内许多风景名胜区实行‚一票制‛,将景区内多个景点门票捆绑搭售。
这种做法引起了人们的置疑和不满,许多游客认为这是变相涨价。
一个知名景区要可持续发展,首先必须赢得游客的口碑,如果过分依赖‚门票经济‛做‚一锤子买卖‛,对游客的意见充耳不闻,一意孤行,一旦引起游客的反感乃至抵触,就可能造成难以挽回的损失。
A.置疑 B.一锤子买卖 C.充耳不闻 D.乃至3.下列句子中,没有语病....的一句是A.著名作家村上春树连续五年排在诺贝尔文学奖获奖预测名单榜首,却年年与该奖无缘,可以堪称诺贝尔文学奖史上“最悲壮的入围者”。
2014年广州市普通高中毕业班综合测试(一)语文(参考答案)
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14.【句意理解】(4分)
“鲜花”指的是生活、人的性格和人的处 境之画面;“精华”指的是从以上三者中概 括出的成熟、完善的思想。
[4分。“鲜花”含义2分;“精华”含义2 分。]
15.【观点把握】(4分)
哲学家要获得认可和名气,难度很大,所以 尼采生前默默无闻。大众随着时间的推移, 才能逐渐敬重某位哲学家,所以尼采直到死 后才有了巨大的名声。(或:哲学的进展所 发挥的影响是缓慢的,所以尼采直到死后, 他的思想才对后世产生深远的影响。)
立意深刻 材料丰富 语言有文采 见解、构思新 颖
立意较深刻
立意略显深刻
材料较丰富
材料略显丰富
语言较有文采 文句略有表现力
见解、构思较新 见解、构思略有新
颖
意
个别语句有深意 个别例子较好 个别语句较精彩 个别地方有新意
说明: ①基础等级评分以题意、内容、语言、文体为重点,全面衡量。符合文体
要求,指符合考生所选文体的要求。
[3分。答对一点2分,两点3分。] 11.【名句名篇】(6分) (1)申之以孝悌之义 颁白者不负戴于道路矣 (2)狗吠深巷中 鸡鸣桑树颠 (3)千岩万转路不定 熊咆龙吟殷岩泉 (4)多情自古伤离别 更那堪冷落清秋节 [6分。答对一空给1分,有错别字或漏字、多字则该
空不给分。多选只按前3题给分。]
①(郭舒)因为犯了擅自释放司马彪的罪过, 被廷尉拘囚,当时的人大多认为他为人仗义。
[4分。“坐”“系”“义”各1分,大意1 分。]
②郭舒年轻时与杜曾交情深厚,杜曾曾经征召 郭舒,郭舒不肯前往,杜曾对他(这件事)怀 恨在心。
[3分。“厚”“衔”各1分,大意1分。]
(2)【信息筛选】(3分) ①郭舒直言劝告王澄不要终日饮酒,而要以政务为重。 (澄终日酣饮,不以众务在意,舒常切谏之。)
【广东省各市一模2014广州一模】2014年广州市普通高中毕业班综合测试(一)数学文试题 Word版
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2014年广州市普通高中毕业班综合测试一文科数学第2卷(共50分)一、选择题:2.已知i 是虚数单位,若()234m i i +=-,则实数m 的值为( )A.2-B.2±C.2±D.2 1.函数()()ln 1f x x =+的定义域为( )A.(),1-∞-B.(),1-∞C.()1,-+∞D.()1,+∞3.在ABC ∆中,角A 、B 、C 所对的边分别为a 、b 、c ,若2C B =,则cb为( ) A.2sin C B.2cos B C.2sin B D.2cos C 5.已知1x >-,则函数11y x x =++的最小值为( ) A.1- B.0 C.1 D.2 4.圆()()22121x y -+-=关于直线y x =对称的圆的方程为( )A.()()22211x y -+-= B.()()22121x y ++-=C.()()22211x y ++-= D.()()22121x y -++=6.函数()21xf x x =+的图象大致是( )DCBAyyyyxxxxO O O O9.设a 、b 是两个非零向量,则使a b a b ⋅=⋅成立的一个必要非充分的条件是( )A.a b =B.a b ⊥C.()0a b λλ=>D.//a b10.在数列{}n a 中,已知11a =,()11sin 2n nn a a π++-=,记n S 为数列{}n a 的前n 项和,则2014S =( )A.1006B.1007C.1008D.1009 7.已知非空集合M 和N ,规定{}M N x x M x N -=∈∉且,那么()M M N --等于( ) A.MN B.M N C.M D.N8.任取实数a 、[]1,1b ∈-,则a 、b 满足22a b -≤的概率为( ) A.18 B.14 C.34 D.78第2卷(共100分)二、填空题11.执行如图1所示的程序框图,若输出7S =,则输入()k k N *∈的值为 .开始输入输出结束是否Sk 0,0n S ==?n k <1n n =+12n S S -=+图113.由空间向量()1,2,3a =,()1,1,1b =-构成的向量集合{},A x x a kb k Z ==+∈,则向量x 的模x 的最小值为 .12.一个四棱锥的底面为菱形,其三视图如图2所示,则这个四棱锥的体积是 .图2俯视图侧(左)视图正(主)视图451122(二)选做题(14~15题,考生只能从中选做一题)15.(几何证明选讲选做题)如图3,PC 是圆O 的切线,切点为点C ,直线PA 与圆O 交于A 、B 两点,APC ∠的角平分线交弦CA 、CB 于D 、E 两点,已知3PC =,2PB =,则PEPD的值为 . E图3O PD C BA14.(坐标系与参数方程选做题)在极坐标系中,直线()sin cos a ρθθ-=与曲线2cos 4sin ρθθ=-相交于A 、B 两点,若23AB =,则实数a 的值为 .三、解答题19.(本小题满分14分)已知等差数列{}n a 的首项为10,公差为2,数列{}n b 满足62n n nb a n =-,n N *∈. (1)求数列{}n a 与{}n b 的通项公式;(2)记{}max ,n n n c a b =,求数列{}n c 的前n 项和n S .(注:{}max ,a b 表示a 与b 的最大值.)16.(本小题满分12分)已知某种同型号的6瓶饮料中有2瓶已过了保质期.(1)从6瓶饮料中任意抽取1瓶,求抽到没过保质期的饮料的概率; (2)从6瓶饮料中随机抽取2瓶,求抽到已过保质期的饮料的概率.18.(本小题满分14分)如图4,在棱长为a 的正方体1111ABCD A BC D -中,点E 是棱1D D 的中点,点F 在棱1B B 上,且满足12B F BF =.(1)求证:11EF AC ⊥;(2)在棱1C C 上确定一点G ,使A 、E 、G 、F 四点共面,并求此时1C G 的长; (3)求几何体ABFED 的体积.图4D 1C 1B 1A 1FE DCBA17.(本小题满分12分)已知函数()sin cos f x x a x =+的图象经过点,03π⎛⎫- ⎪⎝⎭. (1)求实数a 的值;(2)设()()22g x f x =-⎡⎤⎣⎦,求函数()g x 的最小正周期与单调递增区间.21.(本小题满分14分)已知双曲线()222:104x y E a a -=>的中心为原点O ,左、右焦点分别为1F 、2F ,离心率为355,点P 是直线23a x =上任意一点,点Q 在双曲线E 上,且满足220PF QF ⋅=.(1)求实数a 的值;(2)证明:直线PQ 与直线OQ 的斜率之积是定值;(3)若点P 的纵坐标为1,过点P 作动直线l 与双曲线右支交于不同的两点M 、N ,在线段MN 上去异于点M 、N 的点H ,满足PM MH PNHN=,证明点H 恒在一条定直线上.20.(本小题满分14分)已知函数()32693f x x x x =-+-. (1)求函数()f x 的极值;(2)定义:若函数()h x 在区间[](),s t s t <上的取值范围为[],s t ,则称区间[],s t 为函数()h x 的“域同区间”.试问函数()f x 在()3,+∞上是否存在“域同区间”?若存在,求出所有符合条件的“域同区间”;若不存在,请说明理由.。
2014年广州市普通高中毕业班综合测试(一)数学(文科)
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数学(文科)试题A 第 1 页 共 13 页试卷类型:A2014年广州市普通高中毕业班综合测试(一)数学(文科)2014.3本试卷共4页,21小题, 满分150分.考试用时120分钟 注意事项:1.答卷前,考生务必用2B 铅笔在“考生号”处填涂考生号。
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参考公式:锥体的体积公式Sh V 31=,其中S 是锥体的底面积,h 是锥体的高. ()()22221211236n n n n ++++++=()*n ∈N .一、选择题:本大题共10小题,每小题5分,满分50分.在每小题给出的四个选项中,只有一项是符合题目要求的. 1.函数()()ln 1f x x =+的定义域为A .(),1-∞-B .(),1-∞C .()1,-+∞D .()1,+∞2.已知i 是虚数单位,若()2i 34i m +=-,则实数m 的值为A .2-B .2± C. D .23.在△ABC 中,角A ,B ,C 所对的边分别为a ,b ,c ,若2C B =,则c b为 A .2sin C B .2cos B C .2sin B D .2cos C 4.圆()()22121x y -+-=关于直线y x =对称的圆的方程为A .()()22211x y -+-= B .()()22121x y ++-= C .()()22211x y ++-= D .()()22121x y -++=数学(文科)试题A 第 2 页 共 13 页5.已知1x >-,则函数11y x x =++的最小值为 A .1- B .0 C .1 D .26.函数()2xf x =的图象大致是 7.已知非空集合M 和N ,规定{}M N x x M x N -=∈∉且,那么()M M N --等于A .M NB .M NC .MD .N8.任取实数a ,b ∈[]1,1-,则a ,b 满足22a b -≤的概率为 A .18 B .14 C .34D .789.设a ,b 是两个非零向量,则使a b =a b 成立的一个必要非充分条件是 A .=a b B .a b C .⊥a b D .λ=a b ()0λ>10.在数列{}n a 中,已知11a =,()11sin2n n n a a ++π-=,记nS为数列{}n a 的前n 项和,则2014S =A .1006B .1007C .1008D .1009二、填空题:本大题共5小题,考生作答4小题,每小题5分,满分20分. (一)必做题(11~13题)11.执行如图1的程序框图,若输入=3k ,则输出S 的值为 .12.一个四棱锥的底面为菱形,其三视图如图2所示,则这个四棱锥的体积是 .侧(左)视图图2俯视图数学(文科)试题A 第 3 页 共 13 页13.由空间向量()1,2,3=a ,()1,1,1=-b 构成的向量集合{},A k k ==+∈Z x x a b ,则向量x 的模x的最小值为 .(二)选做题(14~15题,考生只能从中选做一题) 14.(坐标系与参数方程选做题)在极坐标系中,直线()sin cos a ρθθ-=与曲线2cos 4sin ρθθ=-相交于A ,B 两点,若AB=a 的值为 .15.(几何证明选讲选做题)如图3,PC 是圆O 的切线,切点为C ,直线PA 与圆O 交于 A ,B 两点,APC ∠的平分线分别交弦CA ,CB 于D ,E两点,已知3PC =,2PB =,则PEPD的值为 .三、解答题:本大题共6小题,满分80分.解答须写出文字说明、证明过程和演算步骤. 16.(本小题满分12分)已知某种同型号的6瓶饮料中有2瓶已过保质期.(1)从6瓶饮料中任意抽取1瓶,求抽到没过保质期的饮料的概率; (2)从6瓶饮料中随机抽取2瓶,求抽到已过保质期的饮料的概率. 17.(本小题满分12分)已知函数()sin cos f x x a x =+的图象经过点π03⎛⎫- ⎪⎝⎭,. (1)求实数a 的值;(2)求函数()x f 的最小正周期与单调递增区间. 18.(本小题满分14分)如图4,在棱长为a 的正方体1111ABCD A B C D -中,点E 是 棱1D D 的中点,点F 在棱1B B 上,且满足12B F FB =. (1)求证:11EF AC ⊥;(2)在棱1C C 上确定一点G ,使A ,E ,G ,F 四点共面,并求此时1C G 的长; (3)求几何体ABFED 的体积.P图3 1D ABCDE F 1A1B1C 图4数学(文科)试题A 第 4 页 共 13 页19.(本小题满分14分)已知等差数列{}n a 的首项为10,公差为2,数列{}n b 满足62n n nb a n =-,*n ∈N . (1)求数列{}n a 与{}n b 的通项公式;(2)记{}max ,n n n c a b =,求数列{}n c 的前n 项和n S . (注:{}max ,a b 表示a 与b 的最大值.) 20.(本小题满分14分)已知函数()32693f x x x x =-+-.(1)求函数()f x 的极值;(2)定义:若函数()h x 在区间[],s t ()s t <上的取值范围为[],s t ,则称区间[],s t 为函数()h x 的“域同区间”.试问函数()f x 在()3,+∞上是否存在“域同区间”?若存在,求出所有符合条件的“域同区间”;若不存在,请说明理由.21.(本小题满分14分)已知双曲线E :()222104x y a a -=>的中心为原点O ,左,右焦点分别为1F ,2F,离心率为5,点P 是直线23a x =上任意一点,点Q 在双曲线E 上,且满足220PF QF = .(1)求实数a 的值;(2)证明:直线PQ 与直线OQ 的斜率之积是定值;(3)若点P 的纵坐标为1,过点P 作动直线l 与双曲线右支交于不同两点M ,N ,在线段MN 上取异于点M ,N 的点H ,满足PM MH PNHN=,证明点H 恒在一条定直线上.数学(文科)试题A 第 5 页 共 13 页2014年广州市普通高中毕业班综合测试(一)数学(文科)试题参考答案及评分标准说明:1.参考答案与评分标准给出了一种或几种解法供参考,如果考生的解法与参考答案不同,可根据试题主要考查的知识点和能力比照评分标准给以相应的分数.2.对解答题中的计算题,当考生的解答在某一步出现错误时,如果后继部分的解答未改变该题的内容和难度,可视影响的程度决定后继部分的得分,但所给分数不得超过该部分正确解答应得分数的一半;如果后继部分的解答有较严重的错误,就不再给分.3.解答右端所注分数,表示考生正确做到这一步应得的累加分数.4.只给整数分数,选择题和填空题不给中间分.一、选择题:本大题考查基本知识和基本运算.共10小题,每小题,满分50分.二、填空题:本大题考查基本知识和基本运算,体现选择性.共5小题,每小题,满分20分.其中14~15题是选做题,考生只能选做一题.三、解答题:本大题共6小题,满分80分.解答须写出文字说明、证明过程和演算步骤. 16.(本小题满分)(本小题主要考查古典概型等基础知识,考查化归与转化的数学思想方法,以及数据处理能力与应用意识)(1)解:记“从6瓶饮料中任意抽取1瓶,抽到没过保质期的饮料”为事件A ,从6瓶饮料中中任意抽取1瓶,共有6种不同的抽法.因为6瓶饮料中有2瓶已过保质期,所以事件A 包含4种情形. 则()4263P A ==. 所以从6瓶饮料中任意抽取1瓶,抽到没过保质期的饮料的概率为23. (2)解法1:记“从6瓶饮料中随机抽取2瓶,抽到已过保质期的饮料”为事件B ,随机抽取2瓶饮料,抽到的饮料分别记为x ,y ,则),(y x 表示第一瓶抽到的是x ,第二瓶抽到的是y ,则),(y x 是一个基本事件.由于是随机抽取,所以抽取到的任何基本事件的概率相等.不妨设没过保质期的饮料为1,2,3,4,数学(文科)试题A 第 6 页 共 13 页已过保质期的饮料为a ,b ,则从6瓶饮料中依次随机抽取2瓶的基本事件有:()1,2,()1,3,()1,4,()1,a ,()1,b ,()2,1,()2,3,()2,4,()2,a ,()2,b , ()3,1,()3,2,()3,4,()3,a ,()3,b ,()4,1,()4,2,()4,3,()4,a ,()4,b , (),1a ,(),2a ,(),3a ,(),4a ,(),a b ,(),1b ,(),2b ,(),3b ,(),4b ,(),b a .共30种基本事件.由于2瓶饮料中有1瓶已过保质期就表示抽到已过保质期的饮料,所以事件B 包含的基本事件有:()1,a ,()1,b ,()2,a ,()2,b ,()3,a ,()3,b ,()4,a ,()4,b ,(),1a ,(),2a , (),3a ,(),4a ,(),a b ,(),1b ,(),2b ,(),3b ,(),4b ,(),b a .共18种基本事件. 则183()305P B ==. 所以从6瓶饮料中随机抽取2瓶,抽到已过保质期的饮料的概率为35. 解法2:记“从6瓶饮料中随机抽取2瓶,抽到已过保质期的饮料”为事件B , 随机抽取2瓶饮料,抽到的饮料分别记为x ,y ,则),(y x 是一个基本事件.由于是随机抽取,所以抽取到的任何基本事件的概率相等.不妨设没过保质期的饮料为1,2,3,4, 已过保质期的饮料为a ,b ,则从6瓶饮料中随机抽取2瓶的基本事件有:()1,2,()1,3,()1,4,()1,a ,()1,b ,()2,3,()2,4,()2,a ,()2,b ,()3,4, ()3,a ,()3,b ,()4,a ,()4,b ,(),a b .共15种基本事件.由于2瓶饮料中有1瓶已过保质期就表示抽到已过保质期的饮料,所以事件B 包含的基本事件有:()1,a ,()1,b ,()2,a ,()2,b ,()3,a ,()3,b ,()4,a ,()4,b ,(),a b .共9种基本事件. 则93()155P B ==. 所以从6瓶饮料中随机抽取2瓶,抽到已过保质期的饮料的概率为35.数学(文科)试题A 第 7 页 共 13 页(本小题主要考查三角函数图象的周期性与单调性、同角三角函数的基本关系、三角函数的化简等知识,考查化归与转化的数学思想方法,以及运算求解能力)解:(1)因为函数()sin cos f x x a x =+的图象经过点π03⎛⎫- ⎪⎝⎭,,所以03f π⎛⎫-= ⎪⎝⎭. 即ππsin cos 033a ⎛⎫⎛⎫-+-= ⎪ ⎪⎝⎭⎝⎭.即02a+=.解得a =(2)由(1)得,()sin f x x x =+12sin 2x x ⎛⎫= ⎪ ⎪⎝⎭2sin cos cos sin 33x x ππ⎛⎫=+ ⎪⎝⎭π2sin 3x ⎛⎫=+ ⎪⎝⎭.所以函数()x f 的最小正周期为2π. 因为函数sin y x =的单调递增区间为2,222k k ππ⎡⎤π-π+⎢⎥⎣⎦()k ∈Z , 所以当πππ2π2π232k x k -≤+≤+()k ∈Z 时,函数()x f 单调递增, 即5ππ2π2π66k x k -≤≤+()k ∈Z 时,函数()x f 单调递增.所以函数()x f 的单调递增区间为5ππ2π,2π66k k ⎡⎤-+⎢⎥⎣⎦()k ∈Z .数学(文科)试题A 第 8 页 共 13 页(本小题主要考查空间线面关系、几何体的体积等知识,考查数形结合、化归与转化的数学思想方法,以及空间想象能力、推理论证能力和运算求解能力) (1)证明:连结11B D ,BD ,因为四边形1111A B C D 是正方形,所以1111AC B D ⊥. 在正方体1111ABCD A B C D -中,1DD ⊥平面1111A B C D ,11AC ⊂平面1111A B C D ,所以111AC DD ⊥.因为1111B D DD D = ,11B D ,1DD ⊂平面11BB D D , 所以11AC ⊥平面11BB D D .因为EF ⊂平面11BB D D ,所以11EF AC ⊥. (2)解:取1C C 的中点H ,连结BH ,则BH AE .在平面11BB C C 中,过点F 作FG BH ,则FG AE . 连结EG ,则A ,E ,G ,F 四点共面.因为11122CH C C a ==,11133HG BF C C a ===, 所以1C G 116C C CH HG a =--=.故当1C G 16a =时,A ,E ,G ,F 四点共面.(3)解:因为四边形EFBD 是直角梯形,所以几何体ABFED 为四棱锥A EFBD -.因为()2113222EFBDa a BF DE BD S ⎛⎫+ ⎪+⎝⎭===,点A 到平面EFBD的距离为12h AC ==,所以231153312236A EFBD EFBD V S h a a a -==⨯⨯=. 故几何体ABFED 的体积为3536a .1D ABCD EF 1A1B1C 1D ABCDEF 1A1B 1CG H数学(文科)试题A 第 9 页 共 13 页(本小题主要考查等差数列、分组求和等知识,考查化归与转化的数学思想方法,以及运算求解能力和创新意识)解:(1)因为等差数列{}n a 的首项为10,公差为2,所以()1012n a n =+-⨯, 即28n a n =+. 所以62n n nb a n =-22n n =-. (2)由(1)知()()2228n n b a n n n -=--+()(24822n n n n ⎡⎤⎡⎤=--=+-+⎣⎦⎣⎦,因为526<+,所以当5n ≤时,n n a b >,当5n >时,n n b a >. 所以{}max ,n n n c a b =228,5,2, 5.n n n n n +≤⎧=⎨->⎩当5n ≤时,123n n S c c c c =++++ 123n a a a a =++++ ()10121428n =+++++()10282n n ++=⨯29n n =+.当5n >时,123n n S c c c c =++++()()12567n a a a b b b =+++++++()()()()()222225956267278282n n ⎡⎤=+⨯+-⨯+-⨯+-⨯++-⨯⎣⎦ ()()2222706782678n n ⎡⎤=+++++-++++⎣⎦()()()()22222222265701231234522n n n+-⎡⎤=+++++-++++-⎢⎥⎣⎦()()()()1217055656n n n n n ++⎡⎤=+--+-⎢⎥⎣⎦数学(文科)试题A 第 10 页 共 13 页3211545326n n n =--+. 综上可知,n S 2329,5,11545,5.326n n n n n n n ⎧+≤⎪=⎨--+>⎪⎩20.(本小题满分)(本小题主要考查函数的极值、函数的导数、函数的零点与单调性等知识,考查数形结合、化归与转化、分类与讨论的数学思想方法,以及运算求解能力、抽象概括能力与创新意识) 解:(1)因为()32693f x x x x =-+-,所以()23129f x x x '=-+()()313x x =--.令'()0f x =,可得1x =或3x =. 则'(),()f x f x 在R 上的变化情况为:所以当1x =时,函数()f x 有极大值为1,当3x =时,函数()f x 有极小值为3-. (2)假设函数()f x 在()3,+∞上存在“域同区间”[],s t ()3s t <<,由(1)知函数()f x 在()3,+∞上单调递增.所以()(),.f s s f t t =⎧⎪⎨=⎪⎩即3232693,693.s s s s t t t t ⎧-+-=⎪⎨-+-=⎪⎩ 也就是方程32693x x x x -+-=有两个大于3的相异实根. 设32()683g x x x x =-+-()3x >,则2()3128g x x x '=-+. 令()g x '0=,解得123x =<,223x =+>. 当23x x <<时,()g x '0<,当2x x >时,()g x '0>,所以函数()g x 在区间()23,x 上单调递减,在区间()2,x +∞上单调递增.数学(文科)试题A 第 11 页 共 13 页因为()3 60g =-<,()()230g x g <<,()5120g =>, 所以函数()g x 在区间()3,+∞上只有一个零点.这与方程32693x x x x -+-=有两个大于3的相异实根相矛盾,所以假设不成立. 所以函数()f x 在()3,+∞上不存在“域同区间”.21.(本小题满分)(本小题主要考查直线的斜率、双曲线的方程、直线与圆锥曲线的位置关系等知识,考查数形结合、化归与转化、函数与方程的数学思想方法,以及推理论证能力和运算求解能力) (1)解:设双曲线E 的半焦距为c ,由题意可得2254.c a c a ⎧=⎪⎨⎪=+⎩解得a =.(2)证明:由(1)可知,直线2533a x ==,点()23,0F .设点5,3P t ⎛⎫⎪⎝⎭,()00,Q x y ,因为220PF QF = ,所以()0053,3,03t x y ⎛⎫----= ⎪⎝⎭.所以()00433ty x =-. 因为点()00,Q x y 在双曲线E 上,所以2200154x y -=,即()2200455y x =-. 所以20000200005533PQ OQy t y y ty k k x x x x --⋅=⋅=-- ()()2002004453453553x x x x ---==-.所以直线PQ 与直线OQ 的斜率之积是定值45.数学(文科)试题A 第 12 页 共 13 页(3)证法1:设点(),H x y ,且过点5,13P ⎛⎫⎪⎝⎭的直线l 与双曲线E 的右支交于不同两点()11,M x y ,()22,N x y ,由(2)知()2211455y x =-,()2222455y x =-. 设PM MH PN HN λ==,则,.PM PN MH HN λλ⎧=⎪⎨=⎪⎩ . 即()()1122112255,1,1,33,,.x y x y x x y y x x y y λλ⎧⎛⎫⎛⎫--=--⎪⎪ ⎪⎝⎭⎝⎭⎨⎪--=--⎩整理,得()()()1212121251,31,1,1.x x y y x x x y y y λλλλλλλλ⎧-=-⎪⎪⎪-=-⎨⎪+=+⎪+=+⎪⎩①②③④由①×③,②×④得()()22221222221251,31.x x x y y y λλλλ⎧-=-⎪⎨⎪-=-⎩⑤⑥将()2211455y x =-,()2222455y x =-代入⑥,得2221224451x x y λλ-=⨯--. ⑦ 将⑤代入⑦,得443y x =-. 所以点H 恒在定直线43120x y --=上.证法2:依题意,直线l 的斜率k 存在. 设直线l 的方程为513y k x ⎛⎫-=- ⎪⎝⎭,由2251,31.54y k x x y ⎧⎛⎫-=- ⎪⎪⎪⎝⎭⎨⎪-=⎪⎩消去y 得()()()22229453053255690kxk k x k k -+---+=.因为直线l 与双曲线E 的右支交于不同两点()11,M x y ,()22,N x y ,数学(文科)试题A 第 13 页 共 13 页则有()()()()()()()22222122212290053900455690,3053,95425569.954k k k k k k k x x k k k x x k ⎧⎪∆=-+--+>⎪⎪-⎪+=⎨-⎪⎪-+⎪=⎪-⎩设点(),H x y ,由PM MH PN HN=,得112125353x x x x x x --=--. 整理得()()1212635100x x x x x x -+++=.将②③代入上式得()()()()()2222150569303553100954954k k x k k x k k -++--+=--. 整理得()354150x k x --+=. ④ 因为点H 在直线l 上,所以513y k x ⎛⎫-=- ⎪⎝⎭. ⑤ 联立④⑤消去k 得43120x y --=. 所以点H 恒在定直线43120x y --=上.(本题(3)只要求证明点H 恒在定直线43120x y --=上,无需求出x 或y 的范围.)①② ③。
2014广州一模(文数)【含答案--全WORD--精心排版】
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2014年广州市普通高中毕业班综合测试(一)数学(文科)参考公式:()()22221211236n n n n ++++++=()*n ∈N . 一、选择题:1.函数()()ln 1f x x =+的定义域为( )A .(),1-∞-B .(),1-∞C .()1,-+∞D .()1,+∞ 2.已知i 是虚数单位,若()2i 34i m +=-,则实数m 的值为( ) A .2- B .2±C .D .23.在△ABC 中,角A ,B ,C 所对的边分别为a ,b ,c ,若2C B =,则cb为( ) A .2sin C B .2cos B C .2sin B D .2cos C4.圆()()22121x y -+-=关于直线y x =对称的圆的方程为( )A .()()22211x y -+-= B .()()22121x y ++-= C .()()22211x y ++-= D .()()22121x y -++= 5.已知1x >-,则函数11y x x =++的最小值为( ) A .1- B .0 C .1 D .2 6.函数()21xf x x =+的图象大致是( )7.已知非空集合M 和N ,规定{}M N x x M x N -=∈∉且,那么()M M N --等于( ) A .MN B .M N C .M D .N8.任取实数a ,b ∈[]1,1-,则a ,b 满足22a b -≤的概率为( ) A .18 B .14 C .34 D .789.设a ,b 是两个非零向量,则使a b =a b 成立的一个必要非充分条件是( ) A .=a b B .ab C .⊥a b D .λ=a b ()0λ>10.在数列{}n a 中,已知11a =,()11sin2n n n a a ++π-=,记n S 为数列{}n a 的前n 项和,则2014S =( )(一)必做题(11~13题)11.执行如图1的程序框图,若输入=3k ,则输出S 的值为 .12.一个四棱锥的底面为菱形,其三视图如图2所示,则这个四棱锥的体积是 .13.由空间向量()1,2,3=a ,()1,1,1=-b 构成的向量集合{},A k k ==+∈Z x x a b ,则向量x 的模x 的最小 值为 .(二)选做题(14~15题,考生只能从中选做一题)14.(坐标系与参数方程选做题)在极坐标系中,直线()sin cos a ρθθ-=与曲线2cos 4sin ρθθ=-相交于A ,B 两点,若AB =a 的值为 .15.(几何证明选讲选做题)如图3,PC 是圆O 的切线,切点为C ,直线PA与圆O 交于A ,B 两点,APC ∠的平分线分别交弦CA ,CB 于D ,E两点,已知3PC =,2PB =,则PEPD的值为 . 三、解答题:本大题共6小题,满分80分.解答须写出文字说明、证明过程和演算步骤. 16.(本小题满分12分)已知某种同型号的6瓶饮料中有2瓶已过保质期. (1)从6瓶饮料中任意抽取1瓶,求抽到没过保质期的饮料的概率; (2)从6瓶饮料中随机抽取2瓶,求抽到已过保质期的饮料的概率.侧(左)视图图2俯视图P图317.(本小题满分12分)已知函数()sin cos f x x a x =+的图象经过点π03⎛⎫- ⎪⎝⎭,. (1)求实数a 的值;(2)求函数()x f 的最小正周期与单调递增区间.18.(本小题满分14分)如图4,在棱长为a 的正方体1111ABCD A B C D -中,点E 是棱1D D 的中点,点F 在棱1B B 上,且满足12B F FB =.(1)求证:11EF AC ⊥;(2)在棱1C C 上确定一点G ,使A ,E ,G ,F 四点共面,并求此时1C G 的长;(3)求几何体ABFED 的体积. 1D ABCDEF1A1B1C 图419.(本小题满分14分) 已知等差数列{}n a 的首项为10,公差为2,数列{}n b 满足62n n nb a n =-,*n ∈N . (1)求数列{}n a 与{}n b 的通项公式;(2)记{}max ,n n n c a b =,求数列{}n c 的前n 项和n S .(注:{}max ,a b 表示a 与b 的最大值.)20.(本小题满分14分) 已知函数()32693f x x x x =-+-.(1)求函数()f x 的极值;(2)定义:若函数()h x 在区间[],s t ()s t <上的取值范围为[],s t ,则称区间[],s t 为函数()h x 的“域同区间”.试问函数()f x 在()3,+∞上是否存在“域同区间”?若存在,求出所有符合条件的“域同区间”;若不存在,请说明理由.21.(本小题满分14分)已知双曲线E :()222104x y a a -=>的中心为原点O ,左,右焦点分别为1F ,2F ,离,点P 是直线23a x =上任意一点,点Q 在双曲线E 上,且满足220PF QF =.(1)求实数a 的值;(2)证明:直线PQ 与直线OQ 的斜率之积是定值;(3)若点P 的纵坐标为1,过点P 作动直线l 与双曲线右支交于不同两点M ,N ,在线段MN 上取异于点M ,N 的点H ,满足PM MHPN HN=,证明点H 恒在一条定直线上.2014年广州市普通高中毕业班综合测试(一)数学(文科)试题参考答案及评分标准一、选择题:CABAC ABDBC二、填空题:11. 7 12. 4 13.14. 1-或5- 15.2316.解:记“从6瓶饮料中任意抽取1瓶,抽到没过保质期的饮料”为事件A ,从6瓶饮料中中任意抽取1瓶,共有6种不同的抽法.因为6瓶饮料中有2瓶已过保质期,所以事件A 包含4种情形.则()4263P A ==. 所以从6瓶饮料中任意抽取1瓶,抽到没过保质期的饮料的概率为23. (2)解法1:记“从6瓶饮料中随机抽取2瓶,抽到已过保质期的饮料”为事件B ,随机抽取2瓶饮料,抽到的饮料分别记为x ,y ,则),(y x 表示第一瓶抽到的是x ,第二瓶抽到的是y ,则),(y x 是一个基本事件.由于是随机抽取,所以抽取到的任何基本事件的概率相等.不妨设没过保质期的饮料为1,2,3,4, 已过保质期的饮料为a ,b ,则从6瓶饮料中依次随机抽取2瓶的基本事件有:()1,2,()1,3,()1,4,()1,a ,()1,b ,()2,1,()2,3,()2,4,()2,a ,()2,b ,()3,1,()3,2,()3,4,()3,a ,()3,b ,()4,1,()4,2,()4,3,()4,a ,()4,b ,(),1a ,(),2a ,(),3a ,(),4a ,(),a b ,(),1b ,(),2b ,(),3b ,(),4b ,(),b a .共30种基本事件.由于2瓶饮料中有1瓶已过保质期就表示抽到已过保质期的饮料,所以事件B 包含的基本事件有:()1,a ,()1,b ,()2,a ,()2,b ,()3,a ,()3,b ,()4,a ,()4,b ,(),1a ,(),2a ,(),3a ,(),4a ,(),a b ,(),1b ,(),2b ,(),3b ,(),4b ,(),b a .共18种基本事件.则183()305P B ==.所以从6瓶饮料中随机抽取2瓶,抽到已过保质期的饮料的概率为35. 解法2:记“从6瓶饮料中随机抽取2瓶,抽到已过保质期的饮料”为事件B ,随机抽取2瓶饮料,抽到的饮料分别记为x ,y ,则),(y x 是一个基本事件.由于是随机抽取,所以抽取到的任何基本事件的概率相等.不妨设没过保质期的饮料为1,2,3,4, 已过保质期的饮料为a ,b ,则从6瓶饮料中随机抽取2瓶的基本事件有:()1,2,()1,3,()1,4,()1,a ,()1,b ,()2,3,()2,4,()2,a ,()2,b ,()3,4,()3,a ,()3,b ,()4,a ,()4,b ,(),a b .共15种基本事件.由于2瓶饮料中有1瓶已过保质期就表示抽到已过保质期的饮料,所以事件B 包含的基本事件有:()1,a ,()1,b ,()2,a ,()2,b ,()3,a ,()3,b ,()4,a ,()4,b ,(),a b .共9种基本事件.则93()155P B ==. 所以从6瓶饮料中随机抽取2瓶,抽到已过保质期的饮料的概率为35. 17.解:(1)因为函数()sin cos f x x a x =+的图象经过点π03⎛⎫- ⎪⎝⎭,,所以03f π⎛⎫-= ⎪⎝⎭.即ππsin cos 033a ⎛⎫⎛⎫-+-= ⎪ ⎪⎝⎭⎝⎭.即022a +=.解得a =(2)由(1)得,()sin f x x x =12sin 2x x ⎛⎫= ⎪⎪⎝⎭2sin cos cos sin 33x x ππ⎛⎫=+ ⎪⎝⎭π2sin 3x ⎛⎫=+ ⎪⎝⎭. 所以函数()x f 的最小正周期为2π.因为函数sin y x =的单调递增区间为2,222k k ππ⎡⎤π-π+⎢⎥⎣⎦()k ∈Z , 所以当πππ2π2π232k x k -≤+≤+()k ∈Z 时,函数()x f 单调递增,即5ππ2π2π66k x k -≤≤+()k ∈Z 时,函数()x f 单调递增.所以函数()x f 的单调递增区间为5ππ2π,2π66k k ⎡⎤-+⎢⎥⎣⎦()k ∈Z . 18.(1)证明:连结11B D ,BD ,因为四边形1111A B C D 是正方形,所以1111AC B D ⊥. 在正方体1111ABCD A B C D -中,1DD ⊥平面1111A B C D ,11AC ⊂平面1111A B C D , 所以111AC DD ⊥.因为1111B D DD D =,11B D ,1DD ⊂平面11BB D D ,所以11AC ⊥平面11BB D D .因为EF ⊂平面11BB D D ,所以11EF AC ⊥.(2)解:取1C C 的中点H ,连结BH ,则BH AE .在平面11BB C C 中,过点F 作FG BH ,则FGAE .连结EG ,则A ,E ,G ,F 四点共面. 因为11122CH C C a ==,11133HG BF C C a ===,所以 1C G 116C C CH HG a =--=.故当1C G 16a =时,A ,E ,G ,F 四点共面. (3)解:因为四边形EFBD 是直角梯形,所以几何体ABFED 为四棱锥A EFBD -.因为()211322212EFBDa a BF DE BD S a ⎛⎫+ ⎪+⎝⎭===,点A 到平面EFBD的距离为122h AC a ==,所以231153336A EFBD EFBD V S h a -===.故几何体ABFED 的体积为3536a .19.解:(1)因为等差数列{}n a 的首项为10,公差为2,所以()1012n a n =+-⨯,即28n a n =+. 所以62n n nb a n =-22n n =-. (2)由(1)知()()2228n n b a n n n -=--+()(24822n n n n ⎡⎤⎡⎤=--=+-+⎣⎦⎣⎦,因为526<+<,所以当5n ≤时,n n a b >,当5n >时,n n b a >.所以{}max ,n n n c a b =228,5,2, 5.n n n n n +≤⎧=⎨->⎩当5n ≤时,123n n S c c c c =++++123n a a a a =++++()10121428n =+++++()10282n n ++=⨯29n n =+.1DABCDEF 1A1B1C 1DABCD EF 1A1B 1C G H当5n >时,123n n S c c c c =++++()()12567n a a a b b b =+++++++()()()()()222225956267278282n n ⎡⎤=+⨯+-⨯+-⨯+-⨯++-⨯⎣⎦()()2222706782678n n ⎡⎤=+++++-++++⎣⎦()()()()22222222265701231234522n n n +-⎡⎤=+++++-++++-⎢⎥⎣⎦()()()()1217055656n n n n n ++⎡⎤=+--+-⎢⎥⎣⎦3211545326n n n =--+.综上可知,n S 2329,5,11545,5.326n n n n n n n ⎧+≤⎪=⎨--+>⎪⎩20.解:(1)因为()32693f x x x x =-+-,所以()23129f x x x '=-+()()313x x =--. 令'()0f x =,可得1x =或3x =.则'(),()f x f x 在R 上的变化情况为:所以当1x =时,函数()f x 有极大值为1,当3x =时,函数()f x 有极小值为3-.(2)假设函数()f x 在()3,+∞上存在“域同区间”[],s t ()3s t <<,由(1)知函数()f x 在()3,+∞上单调递增.所以()(),.f s s f t t =⎧⎪⎨=⎪⎩即3232693,693.s s s s t t t t ⎧-+-=⎪⎨-+-=⎪⎩也就是方程32693x x x x -+-=有两个大于3的相异实根.设32()683g x x x x =-+-()3x >,则2()3128g x x x '=-+.令()g x '0=,解得123x =-,223x =>.当23x x <<时,()g x '0<,当2x x >时,()g x '0>,所以函数()g x 在区间()23,x 上单调递减,在区间()2,x+∞上单调递增.因为()3 60g =-<,()()230g x g <<,()5120g =>,所以函数()g x 在区间()3,+∞上只有一个零点.这与方程32693x x x x -+-=有两个大于3的相异实根相矛盾,所以假设不成立.所以函数()f x 在()3,+∞上不存在“域同区间”.21.(1)解:设双曲线E 的半焦距为c ,由题意可得22 4.c a c a ⎧=⎪⎨⎪=+⎩解得a =. (2)证明:由(1)可知,直线2533a x ==,点()23,0F .设点5,3P t ⎛⎫⎪⎝⎭,()00,Q x y ,220PF QF =,5⎛⎫422x y 4∴2000020*******PQ OQy t y y ty k k x x x x --⋅=⋅=--()()2002004453453553x x x x ---==-.∴直线PQ 与直线OQ 斜率之积是定值45.(3)证法1:设点(),H x y ,且过点5,13P ⎛⎫⎪⎝⎭的直线l 与双曲线E 的右支交于不同两点()11,M x y ,()22,N x y ,由(2)知()2211455y x =-,()2222455y x =-.设PM MH PN HN λ==,则,.PM PN MH HN λλ⎧=⎪⎨=⎪⎩.即()()1122112255,1,1,33,,.x y x y x x y y x x y y λλ⎧⎛⎫⎛⎫--=--⎪⎪ ⎪⎝⎭⎝⎭⎨⎪--=--⎩整理,得()()()1212121251,31,1,1.x x y y x x x y y y λλλλλλλλ⎧-=-⎪⎪⎪-=-⎨⎪+=+⎪+=+⎪⎩①②③④由①×③,②×④得()()22221222221251,31.x x x y y y λλλλ⎧-=-⎪⎨⎪-=-⎩⑤⑥将()2211455y x =-,()2222455y x =-代入⑥,得2221224451x x y λλ-=⨯--. ⑦,将⑤代入⑦,得443y x =-.所以点H 恒在定直线43120x y --=上. 证法2:依题意,直线l 的斜率k 存在.设直线l 的方程为513y k x ⎛⎫-=- ⎪⎝⎭,由2251,31.54y k x x y ⎧⎛⎫-=- ⎪⎪⎪⎝⎭⎨⎪-=⎪⎩ 消去y 得()()()22229453053255690k x k k x k k -+---+=.因为直线l 与双曲线E 的右支交于不同两点()11,M x y ,()22,N x y ,则有()()()()()()()22222122212290053900455690,3053,95425569.954k k k k k k k x x k k k x x k ⎧⎪∆=-+--+>⎪⎪-⎪+=⎨-⎪⎪-+⎪=⎪-⎩ 设点(),H x y ,由PM MH PN HN =,得112125353x x x x x x --=--.整理得()()1212635100x x x x x x -+++=.将②③代入上式得()()()()()2222150569303553100954954k k x k k x k k -++--+=--.整理得()354150x k x --+=. ④,因为点H 在直线5⎛⎫ ①② ③。
2014年广州一模(广州市普通高中毕业班综合测试(一)理科综合)化学部分试题与标准答案(word版)
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试卷类型:A 2014年广州市普通高中毕业班综合测试(一)理科综合化学部分2014.3 一、单项选择题:在每小题给出的四个选项中,只有一个选项符合题目要求,选对的得4分,选错或不答的得0分。
8.下列陈述I、II确并且有因果关系的是9.设n A为阿伏加德罗常数的数值,下列说法正确的是A.3 mol N02与水充分反应,转移n A个电子B.常温常压下,18g H2O含有3 n A个原子C.1 L 0.1 mol·L-1NaHC03溶液中含有0.1n A个HCO3-D.标准状况下,2.24L乙醇含有0.1 n A个CH3 CH2 OH分子10.在恒容密闭容器中,反应C02(g)+3 H2(g) CH3OH(g)+H2O(g) △H<0达到平衡后,改变某一条件,下列说法正确的是A.升高温度,正反应速率减小,逆反应速率增加,平衡逆向移动B.升高温度,可提高C02转化率C.增加H2的浓度,可提高C02转化率D.改用高效催化剂,可增大反应的平衡常数11.某小组设计电解饱和食盐水的装置如图,通电后两极均有气泡产生,下列叙述正确的是A.铜电极附近观察到黄绿色气体B.石墨电极附近溶液呈红色C.溶液中的Na+向石墨电极移动D.铜电极上发生还原反应12.对于常温下O.1 mol·L-1氨水和0.1 mol·L-1醋酸,下列说法正确的是A.O.1 mol·L-1氨水,溶液的pH=13B.0.1 mol·L-1氨水加水稀释,溶液中c(H+)和c(OH-)都减小C.0.1 mol·L-1醋酸溶液中:c(H+)=c(CH3C00-)D.O.1 mol·L-1醋酸与O.1 mol·L-1 NaOH溶液等体积混合所得溶液中:c(Na+)>c(CH3COO-)>c(OH-)>c(H+)二、双项选择题22.下列实验的现象与对应结论均正确的是23.短周期元素R、T、X、Y、Z在元素周期表的相对位置如下表所示,他们的最外层电子数之和为24。
2014年广州市普通高中毕业班综合测试(一)数学(文科)
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试卷类型:A2014年广州市普通高中毕业班综合测试(一)数学(文科)2014.3本试卷共4页,21小题, 满分150分.考试用时120分钟 注意事项:1.答卷前,考生务必用2B 铅笔在“考生号”处填涂考生号。
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参考公式:,其中S 是锥体的底面积,h 是锥体的高.一、选择题:本大题共10小题,每小题5分,满分50分.在每小题给出的四个选项中,只有一项是符合题目要求的. 1.函数()()ln 1f x x =+的定义域为A .(),1-∞-B .(),1-∞C .()1,-+∞D .()1,+∞2.已知i 是虚数单位,若()2i 34i m +=-,则实数m 的值为A.2-B .2±CD .23.在△ABC 中,角A ,B ,C 所对的边分别为a ,b ,c ,若2C B =,则A .2sin CB .2cos BC .2sin BD .2cos C 4.圆()()22121x y -+-=关于直线y x =对称的圆的方程为A .()()22211x y -+-= B .()()22121x y ++-= C .()()22211x y ++-= D .()()22121x y -++= 5.已知1x >-,则函数 B .0 C .1 D .26 7.已知非空集合M 和N ,规定,那么()M M N --等于A .M NB .M NC .MD .N8.任取实数a ,b ∈[]1,1-,则a ,b 满足 A B C D 9.设a ,b 是两个非零向量,则使 A .=a b B .a b C .⊥a b D .λ=a b ()0λ>10.在数列{}n a 中,已知11a =,,记nS为数列{}n a 的前n 项和,则2014S =A .1006B .1007C .1008D .1009二、填空题:本大题共5小题,考生作答4小题,每小题5分,满分20分. (一)必做题(11~13题)11.执行如图1的程序框图,若输入=3k ,则输出S 的值为 .12.一个四棱锥的底面为菱形,其三视图如图2所示,则这个四棱锥的体积是 .13.由空间向量()1,2,3=a ,()1,1,1=-b 构成的向量集合,则向量x 的模值为 .(二)选做题(14~15题,考生只能从中选做一题) 14.(坐标系与参数方程选做题)在极坐标系中,直线()sin cos a ρθθ-=与曲线2cos 4sin ρθθ=-相交于A ,B 两点,若,则实数a 的值为 .15.(几何证明选讲选做题)如图3,PC 是圆O 的切线,切点为C ,直线PA 与圆O 交于 A ,B 两点,APC ∠的平分线分别交弦CA ,CB 于D ,E两点,已知3PC =,2PB =,则的值为 .三、解答题:本大题共6小题,满分80分.解答须写出文字说明、证明过程和演算步骤. 16.(本小题满分12分)已知某种同型号的6瓶饮料中有2瓶已过保质期.(1)从6瓶饮料中任意抽取1瓶,求抽到没过保质期的饮料的概率; (2)从6瓶饮料中随机抽取2瓶,求抽到已过保质期的饮料的概率. 17.(本小题满分12分)已知函数()sin cos f x x a x =+的图象经过点 (1)求实数a 的值;(2)求函数()x f 的最小正周期与单调递增区间.P图318.(本小题满分14分)如图4,在棱长为a 的正方体1111ABCD A B C D -中,点E 是 棱1D D 的中点,点F 在棱1B B 上,且满足12B F FB =. (1)求证:11EF AC ⊥;(2)在棱1C C 上确定一点G ,使A ,E ,G ,F 四点共面,并求此时1C G 的长; (3)求几何体ABFED 的体积. 19.(本小题满分14分)已知等差数列{}n a 的首项为10,公差为2,数列{}n b 满足,*n ∈N . (1)求数列{}n a 与{}n b 的通项公式;(2)记{}max ,n n n c a b =,求数列{}n c 的前n 项和n S . (注:{}max ,a b 表示a 与b 的最大值.) 20.(本小题满分14分)已知函数()32693f x x x x =-+-.(1)求函数()f x 的极值;(2)定义:若函数()h x 在区间[],s t ()s t <上的取值范围为[],s t ,则称区间[],s t 为函数()h x 的“域同区间”.试问函数()f x 在()3,+∞上是否存在“域同区间”?若存在,求出所有符合条件的“域同区间”;若不存在,请说明理由.21.(本小题满分14分)已知双曲线E :的中心为原点O ,左,右焦点分别为1F ,2F ,点P 是1D ABCD EF1A1B1C 图4上任意一点,点Q 在双曲线E 上,且满足220PF QF =. (1)求实数a 的值;(2)证明:直线PQ 与直线OQ 的斜率之积是定值;(3)若点P 的纵坐标为1,过点P 作动直线l 与双曲线右支交于不同两点M ,N ,在线段MN 上取异于点M ,N 的点H ,满足,证明点H 恒在一条定直线上.2014年广州市普通高中毕业班综合测试(一)数学(文科)试题参考答案及评分标准说明:1.参考答案与评分标准给出了一种或几种解法供参考,如果考生的解法与参考答案不同,可根据试题主要考查的知识点和能力比照评分标准给以相应的分数.2.对解答题中的计算题,当考生的解答在某一步出现错误时,如果后继部分的解答未改变该题的内容和难度,可视影响的程度决定后继部分的得分,但所给分数不得超过该部分正确解答应得分数的一半;如果后继部分的解答有较严重的错误,就不再给分.3.解答右端所注分数,表示考生正确做到这一步应得的累加分数.4.只给整数分数,选择题和填空题不给中间分.一、选择题:本大题考查基本知识和基本运算.共10小题,每小题,满分50分.二、填空题:本大题考查基本知识和基本运算,体现选择性.共5小题,每小题,满分20分.其中14~15题是选做题,考生只能选做一题.三、解答题:本大题共6小题,满分80分.解答须写出文字说明、证明过程和演算步骤. 16.(本小题满分)(本小题主要考查古典概型等基础知识,考查化归与转化的数学思想方法,以及数据处理能力与应用意识)(1)解:记“从6瓶饮料中任意抽取1瓶,抽到没过保质期的饮料”为事件A ,从6瓶饮料中中任意抽取1瓶,共有6种不同的抽法.因为6瓶饮料中有2瓶已过保质期,所以事件A 包含4种情形.所以从6瓶饮料中任意抽取1 (2)解法1:记“从6瓶饮料中随机抽取2瓶,抽到已过保质期的饮料”为事件B ,随机抽取2瓶饮料,抽到的饮料分别记为x ,y ,则),(y x 表示第一瓶抽到的是x ,第二瓶抽到的是y ,则),(y x 是一个基本事件.由于是随机抽取,所以抽取到的任何基本事件的概率相等.不妨设没过保质期的饮料为1,2,3,4, 已过保质期的饮料为a ,b ,则从6瓶饮料中依次随机抽取2瓶的基本事件有:()1,2,()1,3,()1,4,()1,a ,()1,b ,()2,1,()2,3,()2,4,()2,a ,()2,b , ()3,1,()3,2,()3,4,()3,a ,()3,b ,()4,1,()4,2,()4,3,()4,a ,()4,b , (),1a ,(),2a ,(),3a ,(),4a ,(),a b ,(),1b ,(),2b ,(),3b ,(),4b ,(),b a .共30种基本事件.由于2瓶饮料中有1瓶已过保质期就表示抽到已过保质期的饮料,所以事件B 包含的基本事件有:()1,a ,()1,b ,()2,a ,()2,b ,()3,a ,()3,b ,()4,a ,()4,b ,(),1a ,(),2a , (),3a ,(),4a ,(),a b ,(),1b ,(),2b ,(),3b ,(),4b ,(),b a .共18种基本事件.所以从6瓶饮料中随机抽取2 解法2:记“从6瓶饮料中随机抽取2瓶,抽到已过保质期的饮料”为事件B , 随机抽取2瓶饮料,抽到的饮料分别记为x ,y ,则),(y x 是一个基本事件.由于是随机抽取,所以抽取到的任何基本事件的概率相等.不妨设没过保质期的饮料为1,2,3,4, 已过保质期的饮料为a ,b ,则从6瓶饮料中随机抽取2瓶的基本事件有:()1,2,()1,3,()1,4,()1,a ,()1,b ,()2,3,()2,4,()2,a ,()2,b ,()3,4, ()3,a ,()3,b ,()4,a ,()4,b ,(),a b .共15种基本事件.由于2瓶饮料中有1瓶已过保质期就表示抽到已过保质期的饮料,所以事件B 包含的基本事件有:()1,a ,()1,b ,()2,a ,()2,b ,()3,a ,()3,b ,()4,a ,()4,b ,(),a b .共9种基本事件.所以从6瓶饮料中随机抽取2 17.(本小题满分)(本小题主要考查三角函数图象的周期性与单调性、同角三角函数的基本关系、三角函数的化简等知识,考查化归与转化的数学思想方法,以及运算求解能力)解:(1)因为函数()sin cos f x x a x =+的图象经过点(2)由(1)得,所以函数()x f 的最小正周期为2π.因为函数sin y x =的单调递增区间为 时,函数()x f 单调递增, 时,函数()x f 单调递增.所以函数()x f 的单调递增区间为18.(本小题满分)(本小题主要考查空间线面关系、几何体的体积等知识,考查数形结合、化归与转化的数学思想方法,以及空间想象能力、推理论证能力和运算求解能力) (1)证明:连结11B D ,BD ,因为四边形1111A B C D 是正方形,所以1111AC B D ⊥. 在正方体1111ABCD A B C D -中,1DD ⊥平面1111A B C D ,11AC ⊂平面1111A B C D ,所以111AC DD ⊥.因为1111B D DD D = ,11B D ,1DD ⊂平面11BB D D , 所以11AC ⊥平面11BB D D .因为EF ⊂平面11BB D D ,所以11EF AC ⊥. (2)解:取1C C 的中点H ,连结BH ,则BH AE .在平面11BB C C 中,过点F 作FG BH ,则FG AE .(3)解:因为四边形EFBD 是直角梯形,1D ABCDEF 1A1B1C 1D ABCD EF 1A1B 1CG H所以几何体ABFED 为四棱锥A EFBD -.点A 到平面EFBD 的距离为故几何体ABFED 的体积为19.(本小题满分)(本小题主要考查等差数列、分组求和等知识,考查化归与转化的数学思想方法,以及运算求解能力和创新意识)解:(1)因为等差数列{}n a 的首项为10,公差为2,所以()1012n a n =+-⨯, 即28n a n =+. (2)由(1)知()()2228n n b a n n n -=--+,所以当5n ≤时,n n a b >,当5n >时,n n b a >.所以{}max ,n n n c a b =228,5,2, 5.n n n n n +≤⎧=⎨->⎩当5n ≤时,123n n S c c c c =++++ 123n a a a a =++++()10121428n =+++++当5n >时,123n n S c c c c =++++()()12567n a a a b b b =+++++++()()()()()222225956267278282n n ⎡⎤=+⨯+-⨯+-⨯+-⨯++-⨯⎣⎦ ()()2222706782678n n ⎡⎤=+++++-++++⎣⎦20.(本小题满分)(本小题主要考查函数的极值、函数的导数、函数的零点与单调性等知识,考查数形结合、化归与转化、分类与讨论的数学思想方法,以及运算求解能力、抽象概括能力与创新意识) 解:(1)因为()32693f x x x x =-+-,所以()23129f x x x '=-+()()313x x =--.令'()0f x =,可得1x =或3x = 则'(),()f x f x 在R 上的变化情况为:所以当1x =时,函数()f x 有极大值为1,当3x =时,函数()f x 有极小值为3-. (2)假设函数()f x 在()3,+∞上存在“域同区间”[],s t ()3s t <<,由(1)知函数()f x 在()3,+∞上单调递增.所以()(),.f s s f t t =⎧⎪⎨=⎪⎩即3232693,693.s s s s t t t t ⎧-+-=⎪⎨-+-=⎪⎩ 也就是方程32693x x x x -+-=有两个大于3的相异实根. 设32()683g x x x x =-+-()3x >,则2()3128g x x x '=-+. 令()g x '0=,解得当23x x <<时,()g x '0<,当2x x >时,()g x '0>,所以函数()g x 在区间()23,x 上单调递减,在区间()2,x +∞上单调递增. 因为()3 60g =-<,()()230g x g <<,()5120g =>, 所以函数()g x 在区间()3,+∞上只有一个零点.这与方程32693x x x x -+-=有两个大于3的相异实根相矛盾,所以假设不成立. 所以函数()f x 在()3,+∞上不存在“域同区间”.21.(本小题满分)(本小题主要考查直线的斜率、双曲线的方程、直线与圆锥曲线的位置关系等知识,考查数形结合、化归与转化、函数与方程的数学思想方法,以及推理论证能力和运算求解能力) (1)解:设双曲线E 的半焦距为c ,(2)证明:由(1)可知,直线x ,点()23,0F .设点,()00,Q x y , 因为220PF QF = ,所以因为点()00,Q x y 在双曲线E 上,所以(3)证法1:设点(),H x y 的直线l与双曲线E 的右支交于不同两点()11,M x y ,()22,N x y ,由(2⑦ 所以点H 恒在定直线43120x y --=上.证法2:依题意,直线l 的斜率k 存在. 设直线l 的方程为消去y 得()()()22229453053255690k x k k x k k -+---+=. 因为直线l 与双曲线E 的右支交于不同两点()11,M x y ,()22,N x y ,设点(),H x y,由 整理得()()1212635100x x x x x x -+++=.整理得()354150x k x --+=. ④ 因为点H 在直线l 上,所以 ⑤ 联立④⑤消去k 得43120x y --=. 所以点H 恒在定直线43120x y --=上.(本题(3)只要求证明点H 恒在定直线43120x y --=上,无需求出x 或y 的范围.)①② ③。
2014届广州一模语文试题(word版)
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2014年广州市普通高中毕业班综合测试(一)语文2014.3 本试卷共8页,24小题,满分为150分。
考试用时150分钟。
注意事项:1.答卷前,考生务必用2B铅笔在“考生号”处填涂考生号。
用黑色字迹的钢笔或签字笔将自己所在的市、县/区、学校以及自己的姓名和考生号、试室号、座位号填写在答题卡上。
用2B铅笔将试卷类型(A)填涂在答题卡相应位置上。
2.选择题每小题选出答案后,用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目选项的答案信息点涂黑;如需改动,用橡皮擦干净后,再选涂其他答案。
答案不能答在试卷上。
3.非选择题必须用黑色字迹的钢笔或签字笔作答,答案必须写在答题卡各题目指定区域内的相应位置上;如需改动,先划掉原来的答案,然后再写上新的答案;不准使用铅笔和涂改液。
不按以上要求作答的答案无效。
4.作答选做题时,请先用2B铅笔填涂选做题的题组号对应的信息点,再作答。
漏涂、错涂、多涂的,答案无效。
5.考生必须保持答题卡的整洁。
考试结束后,将试卷和答题卡一并交回。
一、本大题4小题,每题3分,共12分。
1.下列词语中加点的字,每对读音都不相同的一组是A.箴言/斟酌国粹/仓猝复辟/开天辟地B.撰写/编纂贬谪/嫡系冠名/冠冕堂皇C.对峙/嗜好竣工/疏浚提防/提心吊胆D.清澈/掣肘粗犷/旷达识别/博闻强识2.下面语段中画线的词语,使用不恰当的一项是近几年,国内许多风景名胜区实行“一票制”,将景区内多个景点门票捆绑搭售。
这种做法引起了人们的置疑和不满,许多游客认为这是变相涨价。
一个知名景区要可持续发展,首先必须赢得游客的口碑,如果过分依赖“门票经济”做“一锤子买卖”,对游客的意见充耳不闻,一意孤行,一旦引起游客的反感乃至抵触,就可能造成难以挽回的损失。
A.置疑 B.一锤子买卖 C.充耳不闻 D.乃至3.下列句子中,没有语病的一句是A.著名作家村上春树连续五年排在诺贝尔文学奖获奖预测名单榜首,却年年与该奖无缘,可以堪称诺贝尔文学奖史上“最悲壮的入围者”。
2014年广州一模理综(附答案)
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试卷类型:A 2014年广州市普通高中毕业班综合测试(一)理科综合2014. 3 本试卷共12页,36小题,满分300分。
考试用时150分钟。
注意事项:1. 答卷前,考生务必用2B铅笔在“考生号”处填涂考生号。
用黑色字迹的钢笔或签. 字笔将自己所在的市、县/区、学校以及自己的姓名和考生号、试室号、座位号填写在答题卡上。
用2B铅笔将试卷类型(A)填涂在答题卡相应位置上。
2. 选择题每小题选出答案后,用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目选项的答案信息点涂黑;如需改动,用橡皮擦干净后,再选涂其他答案,答案不能答在试卷上。
3. 非选择题必须用黑色字迹的钢笔或签字笔作答,答案必须写在答题卡各题目指定区域内相应位置上;如需改动,先划掉原来的答案,然后再写上新的答案;不准使用铅笔和涂改液。
不按以上要求作答的答案效。
4. 考生必须保持答题卡的整洁。
考试结束后,将试卷和答题卡一并交回。
5. 本卷所用相对原子质量:H-1、C-12、N-14、0-16、K-39、I-127一、单项选择题:本题包括16小题,每小题4分,共64分。
在每小题给出的四个选项中,只有一个选项符合题目要求,选对的得4分,选错或不答的得0分。
1.下列有关细胞中化合物的叙述,正确的是A.叶肉细胞中含量最多的化合物是蛋白质B.肝细胞中含有葡萄糖和蔗糖C.脂肪是细胞中良好的储能物质D.细胞中的无机盐都以离子形式存在2.研究发现,一些癌细胞能进入“平衡”阶段,此阶段的癌细胞不易被免疫系统识别,不会恶性增殖,也不会导致机体发病。
下列有关分析不合理的是A.这种癌细胞是细胞正常分化的结果B.免疫系统不易清除这种癌细胞C.可以通过癌基因检测的手段来监测细胞是否癌变D.该发现有助于寻找治疗癌症的新方法3.在摩洛哥有一种被称为“奶树”的古老树种,成年树分泌的“乳液”有利于由其根部细胞发育而来的幼树成长。
下列有关推论合理的是A.“奶树”是通过细胞工程培育而成的B.成年树与其根部细胞发育而来的幼树的基因型不同C.分泌“乳液”的植株是雌性植株D.成年树分泌“乳液”是表现型4.右图为突触结构和功能的模式图,下列有关叙述不恰当的是A.瞬间增大轴突末端细胞膜对Ca2+的通透性会加速神经递质的释放B.过程①体现了细胞膜具有流动性C.过程②表示神经递质进入突触后膜所在的神经元D.过程⑧可避免突触后膜持续兴奋5.下列相关实验组合不正确的是A.显微镜直接计数----统计微生物数量B.预实验----摸索“探究木瓜蛋白酶最适pH”的实验条件C.对比实验----探究酵母菌的呼吸方式D.标志重捕法----调查植株上蚜虫的种群密度6.关于植物激素的叙述,正确的是A .侧芽处的生长素浓度过低导致其生长受抑制B .不同浓度的生长素对同种植物同一器官的作用可相同C .赤霉素能促进果实成熟而脱落酸能抑制种子萌发D .细胞分裂素能促进细胞分裂而乙烯能促进细胞生长 7.已知:Cu (s)+2H+ (aq)=Cu2+(aq)+ H2 (g) △H 1 2H2O2(l)=2H2O(l) + O2 (g) △H 2 2H2 (g) + O2 (g)=2H2O(l) △H 3则反应 Cu (s)+H2O2(l)+2H+ (aq)=Cu2+(aq)+ 2H2O(l) 的△H 是A .△H =△H 1+12△H 2+12△H 3B .△H =△H 1+12△H 2-12△H 3C .△H =△H 1+2△H 2+2△H 3D .△H =2△H 1+△H 2+△H 389.设nA 为阿伏加德罗常数的数值,下列说法正确的是 A .3mol NO2与水充分反应,转移nA 个电子 B .常温常压下,18g H2O 含有3nA 个原子 C .1L 0.1 mol·L -1NaHCO3溶液中含有0.1nA 个HCO3- D .标准状况下,2.24L 乙醇含有0.1nA 个CH3CH2OH 分子 10.在恒容密闭容器中,反应CO2(g)+3H2(g) CH3OH(g)+H2O(g) △H <0达到平衡后,改变某一条件,下列说法正确的是A .升高温度,正反应速率减小,逆反应速率增加,平衡逆向移动B .升高温度,可提高CO2转化率C .增加H2的浓度,可提高CO2转化率D .改用高效催化剂,可增大反应的平衡常数11.某小组设计电解饱和食盐水的装置如图,通电后两极均有气泡产生,下列叙述正确的是A .铜电极附近观察到黄绿色气体B .石墨电极附近溶液呈红色C .溶液中的Na+向石墨电极移动D .铜电极上发生还原反应 12.对于常温下0.1 mol·L -1氨水和0.1 mol·L -1醋酸,下列说法正确的是 A .0.1 mol·L -1氨水,溶液的pH=13 B .0.1 mol·L -1氨水加水稀释,溶液中c(H+)和c(OH -)都减小C .0.1 mol·L -1醋酸溶液中:c(H+)=c(CH3COO -)D .0.1 mol·L -1醋酸与0.1 mol·L -1NaOH 溶液等体积混合所得溶液中:c(Na+)>c(CH3COO -)>c(OH -)>c(H+)13.用某色光照射金属表面时,有光电子从金属表面飞出,如果改用频率更大的光照射该金属表面,则A .金属的逸出功增大B .金属的逸出功减小C .光电子的最大初动能增大D .光电子的最大初动能不变14.如图是氢原子从n=3、4、5、6能级跃迁到n=2能级时辐射的四条光谱线,其中频率最大的是A.H αB .H βC .H γD .H δ含酚酞的饱和食盐水15.如图是荷质比相同的a 、b 两粒子从O 点垂直匀强磁场进入正方形区域的运动轨迹,则A .a 的质量比b 的质量大B .a 带正电荷、b 带负电荷C .a 在磁场中的运动速率比b 的大D .a 在磁场中的运动时间比b 的长16.如图是悬绳对称且长度可调的自制降落伞.用该伞挂上重为Gl1<l2,匀速下降时每根悬绳的拉力大小分别为F1、F2,则A .F1<F2B .F1>F2C .F1=F2<GD .F1=F2>G二、双项选择题(本大题共9小题,每小题6分,共54分。
年广州一模语文卷与答案
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2014年广州市普通高中毕业班综合测试(一)语文本试卷共8页,24小题,满分为150分。
考试用时150分钟。
注意事项:1.答卷前,考生务必用2B铅笔在“考生号”处填涂考生号。
用黑色字迹的钢笔或签字笔将自己所在的市、县/区、学校以及自己的姓名和考生号、试室号、座位号填写在答题卡上。
用2B铅笔将试卷类型(B)填涂在答题卡相应位置上。
2.选择题每小题选出答案后,用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目选项的答案信息点涂黑;如需改动,用橡皮擦干净后,再选涂其他答案,答案不能答在试卷上。
3.非选择题必须用黑色字迹的钢笔或签字笔作答,答案必须写在答题卡各题目指定区域内的相应位置上;如需改动,先划掉原来的答案,然后再写上新的答案;不准使用铅笔和涂改液。
不按以上要求作答的答案无效。
4.作答选做题时,请先用2B铅笔填涂选做题的题组号对应的信息点,再作答。
漏涂、错涂、多涂的,答案无效。
5.考生必须保持答题卡的整洁。
考试结束后,将试卷和答题卡一并交回。
一、本大题4小题,每题3分,共12分。
1.下列词语中加点的字,每对读音都不相同的一组是A.箴言/斟酌国粹/仓猝复辟/开天辟地B.撰写/编纂贬谪/嫡系冠名/冠冕堂皇C.对峙/嗜好竣工/疏浚提防/提心吊胆D.清澈/掣肘粗犷/旷达识别/博闻强识2.下面语段中画线的词语,使用不恰当的一项是近几年,国内许多风景名胜区实行“一票制”,将景区内多个景点门票捆绑搭售。
这种做法引起了人们的置疑和不满,许多游客认为这是变相涨价。
一个知名景区要可持续发展,首先必须赢得游客的口碑,如果过分依赖“门票经济”做“一锤子买卖”,对游客的意见充耳不闻,一意孤行,一旦引起游客的反感乃至抵触,就可能造成难以挽回的损失。
A.置疑B.一锤子买卖C.充耳不闻D.乃至3.下列句子中,没有语病的一句是A.著名作家村上春树连续五年排在诺贝尔文学奖获奖预测名单榜首,却年年与该奖无缘,可以堪称诺贝尔文学奖史上“最悲壮的入围者”。
B.广州恒大足球队首次参加“世俱杯”比赛,与非洲、欧洲和南美洲的冠军同场竞技,在收获自信的同时也看到了与世界强队的差距。
广东省广州市2014届普通高中毕业班3月综合测试(一)(即一模)文科综合试题
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绝密★启用前试卷类型:A 2014年广州市普通高中毕业班综合测试(一)文科综合2014.3 本试卷共11页,41小题,满分300分。
考试用时150分钟。
注意事项:1.答卷前,考生务必用2B铅笔在“考生号”处填涂考生号,用黑色字迹钢笔或签字笔将自己所在的市、县/区、学校,以及自己的姓名和考生号、试室号、座位号填写在答题忙上。
用2B铅笔将试卷类型(A)填涂在答题卡相应位置上。
2.选择题每小题选出答案后,用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目选项的答案信息点涂黑,如需改动,用橡皮擦干净后,再选涂其他答案,答案不能答在试卷上。
3.非选择题必须用黑色字迹钢笔或签字笔作答,答案必须写在答题卡各题目指定区域内相应位置上;如需改动,先划掉原来的答案,然后再写上新的答案;不准使用铅笔和涂改液。
不按以上要求作答的答案无效。
4.考生必须保持答题卡的整洁。
考试结束后,将试卷和答题卡一并交回。
一、选择题:本题共35小题,每小题4分,共140分。
每小题给出的四个选项中,只有一个选项符合题目要求。
1.以下是2014年某时段穗、港、澳三地的天气状况,影响三地气温日较差差异的最主要因素是A.纬度B.地形C.城市规模D.海陆位置2013年12月初,“嫦娥三号”卫星从西昌卫星发射中心发射,首次获得月球降落区和巡视区的地形、地貌、地质构造等地理环境信息。
完成2~3题。
2.影响月球表面环境最主要的外力作用是A.风化作用B.侵蚀作用C.搬运作用D.沉积作用3.由于月球的黄赤交角只有1°32′,远小于地球的23°26′,所以月球表面环境A.昼夜温差小B.不会产生极昼、极夜现象C.季节变化小D.没有太阳直射现象4.影响图示人口流动的最主要因素是2014年2月11日广东流入人口示意图A.探亲B.旅游C.打工D.物流5.该河流最主要的补给类型是A.雨水B.冰川融水C.湖泊水D.季节性积雪融水6.2012年国务院批准在贵阳和安顺两城市之间成立贵安新区,这是城市化发展中的A.城市一体化我国某自然灾害分布示意图(2000年)B .再城市化C .逆城市化D .中心城市化贵安新区区位示意图读“2005~2009年间制造业份额变化图”,完成7~8题。
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2014年广州市普通高中毕业班综合测试一
文科数学
第Ⅰ卷(共50分)
一、选择题:本大题共10个小题,每小题5分,满分50分.在每小题给出的四个选项中,只有一项是符合题目要求的.
1.函数()()ln 1f x x =+的定义域为( )
A.(),1-∞-
B.(),1-∞
C.()1,-+∞
D.()1,+∞
2.已知i 是虚数单位,若()2
34m i i +=-,则实数m 的值为( )
A.2-
B.2±
C.
D.2
3.在ABC ∆中,角A 、B 、C 所对的边分别为a 、b 、c ,若2C B =,则
c
b
为( ) A.2sin C B.2cos B C.2sin B D.2cos C
4.圆()()2
2
121x y -+-=关于直线y x =对称的圆的方程为( ) A.
()
()2
2
211x y -+-=
B.()()2
2
121x y ++-= C.
()()
2
2211x y ++-=
D.()()2
2
121x y -++= 5.已知1x >-,则函数1
1
y x x =+
+的最小值为( ) A.1- B.0 C.1 D.2
6.函数()21
x
f x x =+的图象大致是( )
7.已知非空集合M 和N ,规定{}
M N x x M x N -=∈∉且,那么()M M N --等于( )
A.M N
B.M N
C.M
D.N
8.任取实数a 、[]1,1b ∈-,则a 、b 满足22a b -≤的概率为( ) A.18 B.14 C.3
4
D.
78
9.设a 、b 是两个非零向量,则使a b a b ⋅=⋅
成立的一个必要非充分的条件是( )
A.a b =
B.a b ⊥
C.()0a b λλ=>
D.//a b
10.在数列{}n a 中,已知11a =,()11sin 2
n n n a a π++-=,记
n S 为数列{}n a 的前n 项和,
则2014S =( )
A.1006
B.1007
C.1008
D.1009
第Ⅱ卷(共100分)
二、填空题(本大题共5小题,考生作答4小题,,每小题5分,满分20分)
11.执行如图1所示的程序框图,若输出7S =,则输入()
k k N *
∈的值为 .
12.一个四棱锥的底面为菱形,其三视图如图2所示,则这个四棱锥的体积是
.
图2
侧(左)视图
13.由空间向量()1,2,3a = ,()1,1,1b =-
构成的向量集合{}
,A x x a kb k Z ==+∈ ,则向
量x 的模x
的最小值为 .
(二)选做题(14~15题,考生只能从中选做一题)
14.(坐标系与参数方程选做题)在极坐标系中,直线()sin cos a ρθθ-=与曲线
2cos 4sin ρθθ=-相交于A 、B 两点,若AB =,则实数a 的值为 .
15.(几何证明选讲选做题)如图3,PC 是圆O 的切线,切点为点C ,直线PA 与圆O 交于A 、B 两点,APC ∠的角平分线交弦CA 、CB 于D 、E 两点,已知3PC =,2PB =,
则
PE
PD
的值为 .
三、解答题 (本大题共6小题,满分80分.解答写出文字说明、证明过程或演算步骤.)
16.(本小题满分12分)已知某种同型号的6瓶饮料中有2瓶已过了保质期. (1)从6瓶饮料中任意抽取1瓶,求抽到没过保质期的饮料的概率; (2)从6瓶饮料中随机抽取2瓶,求抽到已过保质期的饮料的概率.
17.(本小题满分12分)已知函数()sin cos f x x a x =+的图象经过点,03π⎛⎫
- ⎪⎝⎭
. (1)求实数a 的值;
(2)设()()2
2g x f x =-⎡⎤⎣⎦,求函数()g x 的最小正周期与单调递增区间.
18.(本小题满分14分)如图4,在棱长为a 的正方体1111ABCD A BC D -中,点E 是棱1D D 的中点,点F 在棱1B B 上,且满足12B F BF =. (1)求证:11EF AC ⊥;
(2)在棱1C C 上确定一点G ,使A 、E 、G 、F 四点共面,并求此时1C G 的长; (3)求几何体ABFED 的体积.
图4
D 1
C 1
B 1
A 1
F
E D
C
B
A
19.(本小题满分14分)已知等差数列{}n a 的首项为10,公差为2,数列{}n b 满足
62
n n n
b a n =
-,n N *∈. (1)求数列{}n a 与{}n b 的通项公式;
(2)记{}max ,n n n c a b =,求数列{}n c 的前n 项和n S . (注:{}max ,a b 表示a 与b 的最大值.)
20.(本小题满分14分)已知函数()3
2
693f x x x x =-+-.
(1)求函数()f x 的极值;
(2)定义:若函数()h x 在区间[](),s t s t <上的取值范围为[],s t ,则称区间[],s t 为函数
()h x 的“域同区间”.试问函数()f x 在()3,+∞上是否存在“域同区间”?若存在,求出
所有符合条件的“域同区间”;若不存在,请说明理由.
21.(本小题满分14分)已知双曲线()22
2:104
x y E a a -
=>的中心为原点O ,左、右焦点分别为1F 、2F
,点P 是直线23a x =上任意一点,点Q 在双曲线E 上,且满足220PF QF ⋅=
.
(1)求实数a 的值;
(2)证明:直线PQ与直线OQ的斜率之积是定值;
(3)若点P的纵坐标为1,过点P作动直线l与双曲线右支交于不同的两点M、N,在线
段MN上去异于点M、N的点H,满足PM MH
PN HN
,证明点H恒在一条定直线上.。