2010高级职称综合(英语)

中国石化集团公司2010年高级（含教授级）任职资格外语考试试卷
英语（综合）
（120分钟内完成）
一、阅读理解（阅读短文，用英语简要回答问题，共25分）
短文1（12.5分）
Young people in Britain tend to stay with their family longer these days as accommodation is expensive but, when they move away to a job or college, they rent a room in someone’s house. They can also get a bed-sitting room. They can share a rented flat or house with a group of young people. When young people get married or have a steady income, they often buy a house. They do this by taking out a mortgage with a building society or bank. They are the official owners and the mortgage is a financial loan for anything up to 100% of the value of the house, repayable over twenty to forty years. People can find it difficult to repay their mortgage, but at least they know that in the end the house will be theirs.
If people cannot afford to buy their own house, they can rent property from a private landlord. In city areas the problem has been made worse by the bad condition that a lot of council property is in. High-rise flats, for example, have developed structural faults.
Unfortunately, homelessness is an increasingly serious problem all over Britain. It affects all ages; single people, couples with children, even old-age pensioners. In 1984, 83190 households, a term that covers families and single
people, were officially listed as homeless. In one year, 170190 households applied to be put on the list, but thousands were turned down although they were probably living in overcrowded conditions or in housing that badly needed repairing and improving.
Questions:
1.What conditions are new blocks of council flats in?
2.What does the number, 83190 listed in 1984, show?
3.What do young people these days often do in order to have a place to live in?
4.If one has a mortgage, what does the company he borrowed money from do to him?
5.Why does the author think homelessness is an increasingly serious problem all over Britain?
短文2（12.5分）
The ultimate goal of economic developments is to improve the well-being of people. The building of factories, the terracing of land and the training of engineers are but means toward that end; enhancing the reputation or wealth of political leaders and increasing the prestige or power of nation states are irrelevant. Improving the health of people is fundamental to improving their well-being. This being so, it is important to know what “health” means. Health has long been defined by the 155 member states of the World Health Organization(WHO) as “a state of c omplete physical, mental and social well-being, and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity.” The ultimate goal of development can therefore be said to be health, in this broad sense, for all the people of the world. It is simple as that —and as complex.
It is complex because when it comes to defining health policies, assigning priorities, allotting funds and planning and operation programs to give effect to the policies, it is not easy for political leaders or technical experts in either the
underdeveloped or the developed countries to keep in mind the centrality of human development. There are two conventional ways to view the relation between health and development. One sees health as a prerequisite for development. The other sees health as a concomitant of development. Both views are supported by evidence and both can motivate human development programs. They are not even mutually exclusive; rather they are mutually supportive.
Health is indeed a prerequisite for economic and social advance. Human energy is the fuel that drives development, the source not only of physical work and other economic activity but also of hope for the future, social awareness and the ability to absorb and apply new knowledge, all of which are essential to development. Genuine measures to improve health are likely to contribute to general socioeconomic advance.
Questions:
1.Wh at’s essential to improving the well-being of people?
2.Wh at’s the definition of health by WHO?
3.Why is it complex to achieve the ultimate goal of development?
4.What are the two views on the relation between health and development?
5.What’s the purpose of this passage?
二、英译汉（将下列短文译成汉语，共45分）
短文1（20分）
From a recent survey, it can be seen that the consumption of water all over the world has been remarkably raised compared with that of last year. Statistics also show that a lot of water resources such as lakes, rivers and oceans have been polluted seriously. As a result, there is less and less space for people to obtain enough healthy water. With the economic development and the increase of the
population, we are faced with the lack of water supply. So it is high time for us to find a solution to the problem.
There are two main ways to solve the problem. First, with the development of high technology new resources may be found and the present ones can be preserved effectively. Second, measures should be taken to restrain the increase of water consumption. For example, we can advocate the recycling of water in industry.
Being one of those whose life has been threatened by the crisis, I would like to do something helpful, such as not wasting water in daily life and spreading the idea of protecting environment. As long as we take it seriously, we will definitely overcome this difficulty.
短文2（25分）
The Microsoft lab is much more than a showcase for how far China has come in computer technology. It also illustrates how innovation is an increasingly global game. It can involve a worldwide research and development operation like that of Microsoft, or IBM, which has major labs in China, Israel, Switzerland, Japan, and India. Or innovation can be the product of a much more amorphous structure, something that consultants call global innovation networks. These often consist of in-house engineers, contract designers and manufactures, university scientists, and dozens of technology suppliers big and small —all pulled together for a particular product.
Such blending of technologies will become even more common as innovation networks extend their reach. Many corporations have been obsessed with improving quality in the 1980s, boosting productivity in the 1990s, and slashing costs in the wake of the 2000 tech bust. Now, companies are zeroing in on how to innovate more efficiently. “The fallacy of innovation was that it was all about spending on R&D or information technology,”says Diana Farrell, director of the McKinsey Global Institute. “Instead, it has more to do with execution and getting products out better and faster.” The answers are out there, waiting for the quickest and smartest to find them.
三、汉译英（将下列句子、段落译成英语，共30分）
1. 句子翻译（10分）
（1）在当今的市场，成功的海外业务有助于国内的商业活动。

（2）创新的步伐越来越快，要与之齐头并进确实是一种挑战。

（3）为什么化合物与混合物不同？需要用一种理论来帮助我们解释这些事实。

（4）自从上个世纪初开始，电成为我们现代化生活中必不可少的组成部分。

2. 段落翻译（10分）
当今全球一体化比以往任何时候都强大，而且可能会进一步加深。

推动经济一体化的主要因素并不仅仅发挥单独的影响，而且还以重要和复杂的形式相互作用。

3. 段落翻译（10分）
世界的廉价能源供应日趋紧张，人类大量排放的温室气体正在破坏地球气候。

这两个制约因素加在一起，最终可能阻碍全球经济增长，并使全球经济的规模达到极限。