Management Information Systems 13ed ch2
MIS
Management information systemA management information system (MIS) is a system that provides information needed to manage organizations effectively.[1] Management information systems are regarded to be a subset of the overall internal controls procedures in a business, which cover the application of people, documents, technologies, and procedures used by management accountants to solve business problems such as costing a product, service or a business-wide strategy. Management information systems are distinct from regular information systems in that they are used to analyze other information systems applied in operational activities in the organization.[2] Academically, the term is commonly used to refer to the group of information management methods tied to the automation or support of human decision making, e.g. Decision Support Systems, Expert systems, and Executive information systems.[2]OverviewInitially in businesses and other organizations, internal reporting was made manually and only periodically, as a by-product of the accounting system and with some additional statistic(s), and gave limited and delayed information on management performance. Previously, data had to be separated individually by the people as per the requirement and necessity of the organization. Later, data was distinguished from information, and so instead of the collection of mass of data, important and to the point data that is needed by the organization was stored.Earlier, business computers were mostly used for relatively simple operations such as tracking sales or payroll data, often without much detail. Over time, these applications became more complex and began to store increasing amount of information while also interlinking with previously separate information systems. As more and more data was stored and linked man began to analyze this information into further detail, creating entire management reports from the raw, stored data. The term "MIS" arose to describe these kinds of applications, which were developed to provide managers with information about sales, inventories, and other data that would help in managing the enterprise. Today, the term is used broadly in a number of contexts and includes (but is not limited to): decision support systems, resource and people management applications, Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP), Supply Chain Management (SCM), Customer Relationship Management(CRM), project management and database retrieval applications.An 'MIS' is a planned system of the collection, processing, storage and dissemination of data in the form of information needed to carry out the management functions. In a way, it is a documented report of the activities that were planned and executed. According to Philip Kotler "A marketinginformation system consists of people, equipment, and procedures to gather, sort, analyze, evaluate, and distribute needed, timely, and accurate information to marketing decision makers."[3]The terms MIS and information system are often confused. Information systems include systems that are not intended for decision making. The area of study called MIS is sometimes referred to, in a restrictive sense, as information technology management. That area of study should not be confused with computer science. IT service management is apractitioner-focused discipline. MIS has also some differences with ERP which incorporates elements that are not necessarily focused on decision support.The successful MIS must support a business's Five Year Plan or its equivalent. It must provide for reports based upon performance analysis in areas critical to that plan, with feedback loops that allow for titivation of every aspect of the business, including recruitment and training regimens. In effect, MIS must not only indicate how things are going, but why they are not going as well as planned where that is the case. These reports would include performance relative to cost centers and projects that drive profit or loss, and do so in such a way that identifies individual accountability, and in virtual real-time. Anytime a business is looking at implementing a new business system it is very important to use a system development method such as System Development Life Cycle. The life cycle includes Analysis, Requirements, Design, Development, Testing and Implementation.Types of information management systemsThere are many types of information management systems in the market that provide a wide range of benefits for companies. Strategic information management system, customer relation management systems and enterprise resource planning systems are some of them. The following are some of the benefits that can be attained from different types of information management systems.[4]Advantages of information management systems (1) The company is able to highlight their strength and weaknesses due to the presence of revenue reports, employee performance records etc. The identification of these aspects can help the company to improve their business processes and operations. (2) The availability of the customer data and feedback can help the company to align their business processes according to the needs of the customers. The effective management of customer data can help the company to perform direct marketing and promotion activities. (3) Information is considered to be an important asset for any company in the modern competitive world. The consumer buying trends and behaviors can be predicted by the analysis of sales and revenue reports from each operating region of the company。
《信息管理系统》名词解释
《信息管理系统》名词解释
信息管理系统（Information Management System，简称 IMS）是一个由人、计算机及其他外围设备等组成的能进行信息的收集、传递、存贮、加工、维护和使用的系统。
信息管理系统是一门新兴的科学，其主要任务是最大限度的利用现代计算机及网络通讯技术加强企业的信息管理，通过对企业拥有的人力、物力、财力、设备、技术等资源的调查了解，建立正确的数据，加工处理并编制成各种信息资料及时提供给管理人员，以便进行正确的决策，不断提高企业的管理水平和经济效益。
信息管理系统的发展经历了以下几个阶段：
1. 电子数据处理系统（EDPS）：这一阶段的主要特点是数据处理的计算机化，目的是提高数据处理的效率。
2. 管理信息系统 （MIS）：这一阶段的主要特点是在 EDPS 的基础上，加强了对信息的管理和利用，强调信息的集成和共享。
3. 决策支持系统 （DSS）：这一阶段的主要特点是在 MIS 的基础上，引入了模型和方法，为决策者提供支持。
4. 企业资源计划系统（ERP）：这一阶段的主要特点是在 DSS 的基础上，进一步整合了企业的各种资源，实现了企业的全面信息化。
信息管理系统是一门综合性的学科，它涉及到计算机科学、管理学、
经济学、统计学等多个学科领域。
随着信息技术的不断发展，信息管理系统将会不断完善和发展，为企业和社会的发展提供更好的支持。
管理信息系统 Management Information System
管理信息系统Management Information System信息系统是由人、硬件、软件、网络和数据库组成的。
它可以在组织中收集、处理和传播信息。
Information system has five primary components: Hardware .Software .Data (information for decision making) 4.) Procedures (design, development and documentation), and 5.) People.信息系统的活动：搜集信息，处理信息，保存信息，传递信息，输出信息。
Activity of information system: collecting information, disposing information, saving information, spread information and transferring information.Management information systems are distinct from other information systems because they are used to analyze and facilitate （help）strategic and operational activities.Enterprise systems—also known as enterprise resource planning(ERP) systems—provide integrated software modules and a unified database that personnel use to plan, manage, and control core business processes across multiple locations. Modules of ERP systems may include finance, accounting, marketing, human resources, production, inventory management, and distribution.Supply chain management (SCM) systems enable more efficient management of the supply chain by integrating the links in a supply chain. This may include suppliers, manufacturers, wholesalers, retailers, and final customers.Customer relationship management (CRM) systems help businesses manage relationships with potential and current customers and business partners across marketing, sales, and service.Knowledge management system (KMS) helps organizations help the collection, recording, organization, retrieval（search）, and spread of knowledge. This may include documents, accounting records, unrecorded procedures, practices, and skills. Knowledge management (KM) as a system covers the process of knowledge creation and acquisition from internal processes and the external world. The collected knowledge is incorporated in organizational policies and procedures, and then disseminated to the stakeholders.这门课向我们介绍了信息系统的活动，电脑的结构，然后向我们介绍了数据库的请求语言，网络操作，包括信息输出媒介，连接部分和网络协议。
管理信息系统
管理信息系统：系统介绍、重要性、构成、开发和应用管理信息系统（Management Information Systems，简称MIS）是信息科学、管理科学和计算机科学相结合的产物，它利用信息技术和通信技术来设计、开发、实施和管理信息系统，以支持组织的管理和决策活动。
以下是管理信息系统的概述、重要性、构成、开发和应用等方面的内容。
一、管理信息系统的概述管理信息系统是一个以人为主导，利用计算机硬件、软件、网络通信设备以及其他办公设备，进行信息的收集、加工、传递、保存等活动的系统。
这个系统可以帮助组织实现规范化管理、提高工作效率、优化资源配置等目标。
管理信息系统具有以下特点：1.系统性：管理信息系统是一个完整的系统，包括信息的收集、加工、传递、保存等环节，各环节之间相互联系、相互制约。
2.目的性：管理信息系统的目的是支持组织的管理和决策活动，提高组织的效率和生产力。
3.动态性：管理信息系统是一个动态的系统，它要根据组织的变化和发展不断进行调整和改进。
4.抽象性：管理信息系统可以对现实世界的信息进行处理和抽象，将现实世界的信息转化为数字和符号，再对这些数字和符号进行处理和解释。
二、管理信息系统的重要性管理信息系统在现代组织中扮演着越来越重要的角色。
它可以帮助组织提高工作效率、降低成本、提高产品质量和服务水平，增强组织的竞争力和市场占有率。
具体来说，管理信息系统的重要性包括以下几个方面：1.提高工作效率：通过自动化和智能化的信息处理和传递，管理信息系统可以大大提高工作效率，减少人力和物力的浪费。
2.降低成本：管理信息系统可以实现信息的自动化处理和传递，减少人力成本和通讯成本，从而降低组织的总成本。
3.提高决策质量：管理信息系统可以提供及时、准确、全面的信息，支持组织做出更明智的决策。
4.优化资源配置：管理信息系统可以将组织内外部的资源进行优化配置，提高资源的利用效率。
5.提高服务水平：管理信息系统可以提高组织的客户服务水平，提高客户满意度和忠诚度。
《信息管理系统》名词解释
《信息管理系统》名词解释信息管理系统（Information Management System，简称IMS）是一种用于有效管理和组织信息的系统。
它涵盖了信息的收集、处理、存储、检索和传递等各个环节，帮助用户更好地获取和利用信息。
1. 信息（Information）：指由数据加工处理后具有意义和价值的结果。
信息可以是文字、数据、图像、音频、视频等形式。
2. 管理（Management）：指对信息进行有效的组织和控制，以达到预期目标。
管理包括规划、组织、领导、控制等方面。
3. 系统（System）：是由多个相互关联的组成部分组成的整体。
信息管理系统是一个有机整体，由软件、硬件、数据和人员等部分组成。
4. 信息收集（Information Collection）：指通过各种手段和渠道获取信息的过程。
包括采集、传感、监测、调查等方法。
5. 信息处理（Information Processing）：指将收集到的信息通过适当的方法进行加工和处理的过程。
包括分类、排序、计算、分析等操作。
6. 信息存储（Information Storage）：指将处理后的信息保存在适当的媒介中，以备后续使用。
常见的存储媒介包括数据库、电子文档、云平台等。
7. 信息检索（Information Retrieval）：指根据需求从存储的信息中获取指定的内容。
可以通过关键词查询、索引检索等方法实现。
8. 信息传递（Information Transmission）：指将获取到的信息传递给用户或其他系统的过程。
可以通过网络、邮件、打印等方式完成。
信息管理系统可以应用于各个领域，如企业管理、教育管理、医疗健康、科研等。
它可以提高信息的利用效率和准确性，帮助用户更好地决策和创新。
管理信息系统英文教材
管理信息系统英文教材
管理信息系统（Management Information Systems，简称MIS）是一个涵盖广泛的领域，因此，可以选择多本不同的英文教材来深入学习。
以下是一些推荐的管理信息系统英文教材：
"Introduction to Management Information Systems"，作者：Stephen A. Zefon
"Management Information Systems: A Business Perspective"，作者：William R. Davidson
"Management Information Systems: An Integrated Approach"，作者：Efraim Turban，David King，Jeffrey L. Vansickle "Information Technology for Management: An Integrated Approach"，作者：Robert S. Kaplan
"Management Information Systems: The Key Elements"，作者：John A. Zachman
这些教材都是管理信息系统领域的经典之作，内容涵盖了管理信息系统的基本概念、技术、应用和管理等方面。
选择一本适合自己的教材，结合实际案例和实践经验进行学习，有助于深入理解管理信息系统的原理和应用。
Management Information System 管理信息系统
Sichuan UniversityP.R.ChinaDepartment of Computer ScienceManagement Information SystemCourse Name Management Information SystemCourse No.304025020Department ComputerScienceHours32Academiccredit2Course Descriptions The course focuses on the basic concepts,structure,and development methodology of Management Information System(MIS).This course introduces the concepts, structure and technology of MIS,the plan,analysis,design,implementation, maintenance and evaluation of MIS,and the development,and application of computer-based systems and data for different fields.This course is designed to provide students with a strong educational foundation that prepares them as Information System(IS)professionals.The academic program consists of a specially designed curriculum that emphasizes conceptual,analytical,technical and interpersonal skills.The course offers students with comprehensive training in the use and management of information systems so as to prepare them for the proficiency to provide effective information services and support to organizations. The coursework is designed to provide technical and conceptual skills associated with the use of information technology in business organizations.The program includes insights into the existing and emerging information technologies and their impact on the IS function;train to critically analyze business processes,identify inefficiencies and problems,assess information requirements,create business solutions and technical specifications for the supporting system;provide expertise to design and develop database applications using the latest database technologies; provide expertise in the latest telecommunication technologies;train in interpersonal and communication skills to effectively interact with various information systems’clients;and provide managerial skills to manage IS projects.Course Materials(Textbooks)Yaowu Wang,Management Information System(second edition),Publishing House Of Electronics IndustryISBN978-7-121-07403-5GradingClass participation15%Homework25%Final exam60%Instructor InformationSichuan UniversityP.R.China Chengen Wu,lecturer,Department of Computer Science,Sichuan University Tentative Course ScheduleChapter Title Topic1Overview of themanagementinformation system 1)Information and information systems2)Theoretical foundations of MIS3)Application area of MIS2Technology bases formanagementinformation systemsdevelopment 1)Computer technology2)Data communications technology3)Computer network technology4)Database technology basics3Managementinformation systemdevelopment 1)The conditions and principles of MIS development2)The development approaches of MIS3)Development process management of MIS4System Planning1)System planning overview2)Common methods for system planning3)Business process reengineering5Systems Analysis1)Systems analysis overview2)Survey of existing system3)Organizational structure and business process analysis4)The data flow analysis5)Creating a logic model for the new system6)Systems analysis report6System Design1)The objectives and principles of system design2)High level system design3)Detailed system design7Implementation of thesystem 1)System designing2)System testing3)The system conversion,maintenance and evaluation8Object-orientedsystems development 1)Basic concepts and features of object-orientation2)The development principles and procedures of Object-oriented systems3)Object-Oriented Analysis(OOA)4)Object-Oriented Design(OOD)5)Object-Oriented Programming Language(OOPL)9Decision supportsystems and expertsystems 1)Decision support systems2)Group decision support systems3)Expert systems4)Intelligent decision support systemsSichuan UniversityP.R.China10Design of informationsystems in thenetwork environment 1)Principles and procedures of MIS in network environment2)Development and application environment of MIS in network environment3)The architecture of MIS in network environment4)Information and information systems security11Information systemdevelopment and itsimpact 1)The development of information systems2)The development of data analysis techniques3)The impact of Information systems on organizations and society4)Information resource management5)Information ethics6)Information policy and law。
Management Information Systems
Translation for Reference什么是管理信息系统什么是管理信息系统？学会如何应用信息技术解决问题的第一步是给管理信息系统这个术语进行广泛地描述。
也许，你在使用计算机和各种软件上有一些经验，然而计算机仅仅是管理信息系统的一部分。
管理信息系统（MIS）或计算机信息系统（CIS）包含了与计算机有关的五个方面：硬件、软件、人、程序和数据群。
信息技术（IT）这一概念代表是不同种类的硬件和在信息系统里所使用的软件，包括计算机和网络设备。
MIS的目标就是通过提供有质量的信息使管理者做出更好的决定。
用于计算机信息处理的有形设备称为硬件。
控制硬件的一套指令就是我们所说的软件。
在计算机发展的初期，与MIS直接有关的人通常是指程序员，设计分析员和几个外部使用者。
今天，几乎公司中的每一个人都被卷入计算机系统。
程序就是帮助人们使用的指令。
它们包括不同的东西如：使用手册，文件以及确保定期备份的程序。
数据库是指能够容易收回和被计算机加工处理的相关的数据集合。
正如你在这本书中所有的例子中所看到的那样，所有这些组成部分对于创造有效的管理信息系统都是重要的。
什么是信息呢？回答这个问题的一个方法是检查一下信息技术在三个部同层次上的使用：（1）数据管理，（2）信息管理，（3）知识管理。
数据包括描述某些目标和事件的事实因素（观点或评价）。
数据可以被看未被加工的数字或文字。
数据管理集中在数据集合和提供基本报告上。
信息代表了被加工、组织和整合并提供更深洞察的数据。
信息系统设计用于管理者分析数据和做出决定。
从一个决策者的角度看，其面临的挑战是在预先可能不知什么你所需要信息，所以去决定你需要搜集什么样的信息是难的。
知识代表一种更高层次的理解，包括了规则、模式和决定。
以知识为基础的系统的建立是自动进行数据分析，确定模式和提供相关建议。
人类也具有一定的智慧，他们将知识、经验和分析技巧加以应用以创造出新的知识和适应改变的形势。
在没有计算机的日子里人们已经获得了智慧的本质。
信息系统与信息管理的参考文献
信息系统与信息管理的参考文献I. 信息系统与信息管理的概念和发展1. Laudon, K. C., Laudon, J. P. (2016). Management Information Systems: Managing the Digital Firm (14th ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall.本书通过对信息系统的介绍和解释，帮助读者了解信息技术如何与组织中的各个层面相互作用，从而推动组织变革和创新。
2. McLeod, R., Schell, G. (2008). Management Information Systems (10th ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall.该书深入探讨了信息系统的概念和原理，以及信息系统如何影响管理和组织运作。
适用于希望深入了解信息系统的读者。
II. 信息系统与信息管理的技术和应用1. Turban, E., Leidner, D., McLean, E., Wetherbe, J. (2005). Information Technology for Management: Transforming Organizations in the Digital Economy (6th ed.). Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley Sons.该书介绍了信息技术在现代组织中的应用，包括电子商务、企业资源规划系统、数据挖掘和知识管理等方面的技术和应用。
2. Davis, G. B., Olson, M. H. (1985). Management Information Systems: Conceptual Foundations, Structure, and Development (2nd ed.). New York, NY: McGraw-Hill.这本经典的著作介绍了管理信息系统的概念框架和结构，以及信息系统的发展和演变过程。
管理信息系统选择题
管理信息系统选择题1、Moore's Law states that the number of transistors per square inch on an integrated chip doubles every ________ months. CA. sixB. twelveC. eighteenD. fourteen2、Management information systems (MIS) is best defined as ________. BA,the design and development of software applications and computer hardwareB. the development and use of information systems that help businesses achieve their goals and objectivesC. the study and the science of the theoretical foundations of information and computation and their implementation and application in computer systemsD. the development and use of information systems to study the theoretical foundations of the various aspects of management as a discipline3、Which of the following accurately describes the five-component framework of information systems? BA. computer hardware, software, data, people, and purposeB. computer hardware, software, data, procedures, and peopleC. computer hardware, software, purpose, data, and proceduresD. computer hardware, software, communication networks, data, and procedures4、Which of the following is an example of computer hardware? AA. a computer monitorB. data in a USB driveC. a spreadsheetD. a user manual5、Which of the following statements is true about information systems? DA. Simple, low-tech information systems have fewer components.B. The number of components in an IS increases with the complexity of the information systems.C. Hardware and software programmers make up the component of "people" in an IS.D. An information system is an assembly of computers, programs, data, procedures, and people.6、Which of the following components constitute the human side of IS? CA. data and proceduresB. software and peopleC. people and proceduresD. hardware, people, and data7、Information can be defined as ________. CA. unprocessed dataB. unbiased, non contextual dataC. knowledge derived from dataD. recorded facts or figures8、Data is defined as ________. DA. information presented in a meaningful contextB. unbiased informationC. the knowledge derived from informationD. recorded facts or figures9、As CEO of a large organization, you had asked the human resources manager to send you information about the rate of employee turnover in your organization for the last quarter. The manager sends you the salary details of new hires during the same period. The information is likely to be of little use to you because it is ________. CA. just sufficientB. not timelyC. IrrelevantD. too expensive10、Which of the following statements regarding IT and IS is true? AA. Information technology (IT) refers to the products, methods, inventions, and standards that are used for the purpose of producing information.B. IT is an umbrella term that covers IS and the products, methods, inventions, and standards used to produce information.C. IT and IS are synonymous with each other and can be used interchangeably.D. IT is an assembly of hardware, software, data, procedures, and people that produces information.11、Which of the following is true about the quality of information? AA. Information needs to be sufficient for the purpose for which it is generated, but just barely so.B. All information is good; there is no such thing as bad information.C. Information needs to be relevant to the subject, not thecontext.D. The more information you receive, the less you need to afford.12、Which of the following statements is true about information systems? DA. Simple, low-tech information systems have fewer components.B. The number of components in an IS increases with the complexity of the information systems.C. Hardware and software programmers make up the component of "people" in an IS.D. An information system is an assembly of computers, programs, data, procedures, and people.13、A _________ has no agreed-on decision making process. CA. collaborative decision processB. structured decision processC. unstructured decision processD. feedback decision process14、Decisions occur at what level of the organization? CA. Operational, strategic, tactical.B. Strategic, managerial, and tactical.C. Managerial, operational, and strategic.D. Managerial and operational.15、An organization's goals and objectives are determined by its ________. CA. information systemsB. business processesC. competitive strategyD. brand image16、Which of the following is incorrect with regard to the process of organizational strategy formulation? AA. Organizational goals and objectives determine the competitive strategy.B. The strategy determines the value chains.C. The value chains determine the business processes.D. The business processes determine the structure of the information systems.17、In a manufacturing business scenario, the ______ process transforms cash into a raw material inventory and the _____ process transforms finished goods into cash. CA. manufacturing; outbound logisticsB. sales; inbound logisticsC. materials ordering; salesD. inbound logistics; materials ordering18、Porter defined ________ as the amount of money that a customer is willing to pay for a resource, product, or service. CA. PriceB. PremiumC. ValueD. markup19、A ________ is a network of value-creating activities. DA. value pyramidB. value systemC. value networkD. value chain20、Which of the following is not an example of primary activities in the value chain? BA. OperationsB. ProcurementC. MarketingD. customer service21、July Networks provides digital television services across the country. They have cutting-edge technology which gives clearer resolution. Customers are required to pay a fee amounting to three years' subscription charges. By doing this, which competitive technique is July Networks implementing? CA. differentiating productB. enhancing the productC. locking in customerD. creating entry barriers22、Locking in customers by making it difficult or expensive for customers to move to another product is called establishing high ________. BA. entry barriersB. switching costsC. product standardsD. value differentiation23、In a business process, each ________ transforms input resources into output resources. BA. FlowB. ActivityC. DesignD. department24、Which of the following is a support activity in the value chain? DA. receiving inputs to operationalize the productionB. distributing the products to the buyersC. assisting customer's use of the serviceD. setting up contractual arrangements for procurement25、The transition phase of the Unified Process related to object-oriented development is similar to the________phase in SDLC. BA. DefinitionB. ConversionC. MaintenanceD. elaboration26、Linda's organization shut off their old system and started the new system. This is an example of a ________ installation. DA. PilotB. PhasedC. ParallelD. direct27、Which group within IS department manages the computing infrastructure? DA. The technology office.B. The development department.C. Outsourcing relations.D. The operations office.28、Which of the following phases in the unified process is very different from those found in SDLC? CA. Inception.B. Transition.C. ConstructionD. Maintenance.29、Outsourcing companies face a certain loss of control when they hire other organizations to perform certain services. A particular disadvantage related to the loss of control is ________. BA. that it places a cap on financial exposureB. that the company’s CIO can become superfluousC. that there is no easy way of exiting the outsourcing agreementD. that th e vendor’s employees have gained significant knowledge of the company30、What are the four dimensions of feasibility? CA. planning, process, technical, and budgetary feasibilityB. operational, strategic, technical, and tactical feasibilityC. cost, schedule, technical, and organizational feasibilityD. schedule, process, technical, and competitive feasibility31、The easiest and cheapest time to alter the information system is in the ________ phase.A. component designB. requirements analysisC. ImplementationD. system definitionAnswer: B32、The purpose of the ________ group within the IS department is to investigate new IS technologies and determine how the organization can benefit from them. C A. operations B. development C. technology D. outsourcing relations33、The last stage of testing is the ________ test, where future system users try out the new system. CA. CommercialB. acceptanceC. betaD. Alpha34、The project plan is made in the ______ phase of the systems development life cycle. BA. requirements analysisB. system definitionC. component designD. implementation35、The systems development life cycle (SDLC) process begins with the ________ phase. BA. requirements analysisB. system definitionC. component designD. project planning36、The CTO often heads the ________ group. AA. technologyB. operationsC. developmentD. enterprise37、 _______ feasibility refers to whether existing technology is likely to be able to meet the needs of the new system. CA. CostB. ScheduleC. TechnicalD. Organizational38、Hardware specification is done in the _______ phase of the SDLC. BA. system definitionB. component designC. requirements analysisD. implementation39、Tasks in the _______ phase of the SDLC are to build, test, and convert the users to the new system. DA. system definitionB. component designC. system maintenanceD. implementation40、The main problem of the SDLC approach to systems development is the ________ nature of the process. CA. FluidB. SporadicC. WaterfallD. cyclical41、Which of the following is the output of system definition phase in SDLC process? AA. project planB. system needC. approved user requirementsD. systems design42、Which of the following is NOT a major function of the information systems department? DA. Planning the use of IT to accomplish organizational goals.B. Maintaining enterprise applications.C. Managing outsourcing relationships.D. All of the above are functions of the IS department.43、All of the following are components involved in the development of an information system except ________. DA. HardwareB. SoftwareC. DataD. policies44、The process of allowing future system users to try out the new system on their own is called ________. A .A. beta testingB. product quality assuranceC. test planD. system conversion45、What is a tool you use to see, hear, or otherwise accept the results of your information-processing requests? BA. Input deviceB. Output deviceC. Storage deviceD. Telecommunications device46、What is a tool you use to store information for use at a later time? CA. Input deviceB. Output deviceC. Storage deviceD. Telecommunications device47、________ software is developed for a specific, unique need. CA. Horizontal-market applicationB. V ertical-market applicationC. One-of-a-kind applicationD. In-house developed48、Which type of software is a program that control computer’s resource? BA. Off-the-shelf softwareB. Operating system softwareC. Utility softwareD. Application software49、Which of the following is a type of output device? D A. Keyboard B. POS C. Mouse D. Printer50、A terabyte is ________ gigabyte. C A. 256 B. 512 C. 1024D. 204851、Regarding supply chain profitability, which of the following is not correct? DA. Supply chain profitability is correlated to the value generated by the various stages of the supply chain.B. Supply chain profitability is the total profit to be shared across all supply chain stages.C. Supply chain profitability is the difference between the revenue generated from the customer and the overall cost across the supply chain.D. Usually, the maximum profit to the supply chain will occur if each organization in the supply chain maximizes its own profits individually.52、Which of the following is not a part within a typical supply chain? DA. CustomersB. RetailersC. Wholesalers/DistributorsD. All of the above are contained in a typical supply chain.53、Which of the following is not correct? CA. Data model is a logical representation of database data.B. The easiest time to change the database structure is during the data modeling stage.C. Database design is the role of technician. User need not involve the process.D. If data model is wrong, the database will be designed incorrectly.54、Usually, ________ is adopted to construct data models. AA. entity-relationship diagramB. hierarchical modelC. network structural diagramD. bill of materials55、In a hospital，the relationship between doctor and patient can be described as ________ . DA. one-to-oneB. many-to-oneC. one-to-manyD. many-to-many56、Database design refers to the process of ________ . DA. defining foreign keys and primary keys.B. establishing relationships between entities.C. constructing data models.D. converting a data model into tables, relationships, and data constraints.57、Which of the following is not a function of operating system? CA. allocate main memoryB. start and stop programsC. prevent and remove virusesD. respond to error conditions58、Concerning software developed in-house, which of the following is correct? CA. It can save costs.B. It can shorten the cycle.C. It is risky.D. It is easy to fulfill the task.59、Which of the following is not an operating system? BA. LinuxB. OracleC. WindowsD. Mac OS60、A self-describing collection of integrated records is called ________ . AA. databaseB. tableC. relationshipD. metadata61、The viruses that masquerade as useful programs or files are called ________ . CA. WormsB. macro virusesC. Trojan horsesD. antivirus.62、Which of the following can store the maximum amount of data? AA. 1 exabyte (EB)B. 1 gigabyte (GB)C. 1 terabyte (TB)D. 1 petabyte (PB)63、________ involves searching for patterns and relationships among data. DA. ReportingB. Data warehousingC. Knowledge managementD. Data mining64、An RFM score of ________ probably means that this customer has taken their businesselsewhere and is probably not worth spending too many marketing resources on. CA. 121B. 231C. 555D. 11165、RFM analysis ranks customers by considering the recently, frequency, and _______ of their orders. AA. moneyB. characterC. capacityD. timeliness66、In business intelligence, OLAP stands for _____. AA. online analytical processingB. object-based lead analysis procedureC. object-oriented analytical protocolD. organizational lead analysis process67、Which term is sometimes used as a synonym for data mining? CA. regression analysisB. data warehousing and sortingC. knowledge discovery in databasesD. parallel processing68、In marketing transactions, the fact that customers who buy product X also buy product Y creates a ______ opportunity. That is, "If they're buying X, sell them Y," or "If they're buying Y, sell them X." AA. cross-sellingB. NavigatingC. break-evenD. portfolio69、Because of problems with operational data, many organizations choose to extract operational data into a(n)________. CA. OLAP serverB. database serverC. data warehouseD. EDI application70、An OLAP report has measures and dimensions. Which of the following is an example of a measure? DA. customer typeB. customer locationC. sales regionD. average cost71、All of the following are basic operations used by reporting tools to produce information from data except ______. DA. SortingB. GroupingC. CalculatingD. transposing72、RFM analysis ranks customers by considering the recently, frequency, and ______ of their orders. AA. moneyB. characterC. capacityD. timeliness73、Which of the following observations is true? BA. RFM is more generic than OLAP.B. OLAP reports are more dynamic than RFM reports.C. RFM reports have measures and dimensions.D. It is possible to drill down into the data with RFM reports.74、Because they are online, OLAP reports are ____ reports.DA. extensibleB. pushC. pullD. dynamic75、A ________ takes data from the data manufacturers, cleans and processes the data, and stores the data. CA. data martB. data miningC. data warehouseD. data mining76、All of the following statements concerning data mart are true except ________. BA. It is a data collection.B. It is larger than the data warehouse.C. It addresses a particular component of the business.D. Its users need not have the data management expertise that data warehouse employees have.77、________ is the process of creating value from intellectual capital and sharing that knowledge with employees, managers, suppliers, customers and others need it. BA. Data-miningB. Knowledge managementC. Competitive intelligenceD. Repository management78、Which of the following statements concerning expert systems is false? AA. The If …then rules used in these systems are created by mining data.B. They have been unable to live up to the high expectationsset by their name.C. They are difficult and expensive to develop.D. They are difficult to maintain.79、Which of the following is used by businesses to process data in order to produce patterns, relationships, and other forms of information and to deliver that information on a timely basis to users who need it? BA. logistics management toolsB. business intelligence toolsC. competitive intelligence toolsD. electronic data interchange80、Which of the following is an example of question that data-mining will help address? AA. Will a given customer default on a loan?B. What has happened in the last two years?C. What is the current situation?D. How does the current situation compare to the situation one year ago?81、Among the following, what is the best way to distinguish between reporting tools and data-mining tools? DA. type of data usedB. difference in input informationC. objective of using these toolsD. complexity of techniques used82、Which term refers to the process of creating and maintaining information systems? CA. competitive intelligenceB. process mappingC. systems developmentD. marketing management83、Systems that handle activities across departmental boundaries are called: ________. DA. cross-functional systemsB. cross-departmental systemsC. process-based systemsD. all of the above84、The list of materials needed to construct a product is called the ______. AA.BOMB.MPSC.MRPD.MRPII85、Which of the following is not a phase of the customer life cycle? DA. Relationship managementB. Loss/churnC. MarketingD. Service86、Which of the following is NOT true about ERP systems? DA. They provide a cross-functional view of the organization.B. They provide a process view of the organization.C. Data is centrally maintained.D. They are expensive, but easily implemented.87、The reason that employees resist change in IS adoption is: ________. DA. fear of the unknown.B. fear of loss of job.C. comfort with old methods and systems.D. all of the above.88、Which of the following observations is true? DA. Systems development addresses only three components: hardware, software and data.B. Systems development has a much narrower scope than computer program development, which involves software programs, with some focus on data and databases.C. Systems development is exclusively a technical task.D. Systems development requires coordinated teamwork of both specialists and nonspecialists with business knowledge.89、According to Brooks' Law, adding more people to a system development project will ________. CA. lower the total project costB. speed up the projectC. delay the project's completionD. require less coordination90、An example of a reporting tool would be: ________. BA. expert systems.B. RFM analysis.C. neural networks.D. data mining.91、OLAP reports have ___________ and dimension. BA. PresentationB. MeasureC. GeometryD. alterations92、Which of the following is not one of the reasons for the problems with SDLC? AA. It is lack of implementation training for users.B. It is due to waterfall nature of the SDLC.C. There exists difficulties while documenting requirements in a usable way.D. Sometimes, budgeting and scheduling estimates are so approximate as to become laughable.93、Which of the following statements is true? BA. The most common functional systems in marketing are customer-management systems.B. Islands of automation refer to independent functional applications.C. Isolated systems can provide integrated enterprise information.D. CRM systems provide greater integration than ERP systems.94、Information relevance refers to ______________. DA. sufficiencyB. cost compared to valueC. timeliness and specificsD. both context and subject95、Moore's Law implies that the _______ of a computer chip doubles every 18 months. CA. SpeedB. SizeC. NumberD. price96、Which of the following phase of the SDLC are to build, test, and convert the users to the new systems? DA. system definitionB. component designC. system maintenanceD. implementation。
管理信息系统 课程描述
管理信息系统课程描述
管理信息系统（Management Information System，简称MIS）是一门综合性的跨学科课程，旨在培养学生掌握信息系统的规划、设计、实施和管理的基本知识和技能，以支持组织的战略目标和业务需求。
该课程主要涵盖以下几个方面的内容：
信息系统基础知识：介绍信息系统的概念、发展历程和基本构成，帮助学生了解信息系统的基本原理和作用。
信息技术基础：介绍信息技术的基本概念、网络技术和数据库技术等，帮助学生了解信息技术的核心内容和应用领域。
信息系统规划与设计：介绍信息系统的规划、需求分析、系统设计、开发方法和实施过程，帮助学生了解如何规划和设计有效的信息系统。
信息系统管理：介绍信息系统的项目管理、质量管理、风险管理、维护和评价等，帮助学生了解如何有效地管理和维护信息系统。
组织战略与信息系统：介绍组织战略和信息系统之间的关系，帮助学生了解如何将信息系统与组织战略相结合，提高组织的绩效和竞争力。
案例分析与实践：通过案例分析和实践操作，让学生了解实际应用中的信息系统，并掌握相关技能和方法。
通过该课程的学习，学生将掌握管理信息系统的基本知识和技能，能够理解和分析组织中信息系统的规划、设计、实施和管理，为未来的职业生涯中管理和应用信息系统打下坚实的基础。
信息系统复习参考1
Management Information Systems, 12e (Laudon)Chapter 1 Information Systems in Global Business Today1)Internet advertising is growing at approximately 10 percent a year.2)互联网广告每年增长约10%。
Answer: TRUEDiff: 3 Page Ref: 6AACSB: Reflective ThinkingCASE: ContentObjective: 1.13)Developing a new product, fulfilling an order, and hiring a new employee areexamples of business processes.4)开发新产品, 完成订单, 雇佣新员工是业务流程的例子。
Answer: TRUEDiff: 1 Page Ref: 11AACSB: Reflective ThinkingCASE: ContentObjective: 1.33) A fully digital firm produces only digital goods or services.全数字公司只生产数码产品或服务。
Answer: FALSEDiff: 2 Page Ref: 11AACSB: Reflective ThinkingCASE: ContentObjective: 1.14) A business model describes how a company produces, delivers, and sells a product or service to create wealth.Answer: TRUEDiff: 1 Page Ref: 13AACSB: Reflective ThinkingCASE: ContentObjective: 1.35) Information technology (IT) consists of all the hardware that a firm needs to use in order to achieve its business objectives, whereas information systems consist of all the software and business processes needed.Answer: FALSEDiff: 2 Page Ref: 15AACSB: Use of ITCASE: ContentObjective: 1.36) Computers are only part of an information system.Answer: TRUEDiff: 1 Page Ref: 17AACSB: Use of ITCASE: ContentObjective: 1.37) Information systems literacy describes the behavioral approach to information systems, whereas computer literacy describes the technical approach.Answer: FALSEDiff: 1 Page Ref: 17AACSB: Use of ITCASE: ContentObjective: 1.38) The dimensions of information systems are management, organizations, and information technology.Answer: TRUEDiff: 2 Page Ref: 18AACSB: Reflective ThinkingCASE: ContentObjective: 1.39) Knowledge workers assist with paperwork at all levels of the firm.Answer: FALSEDiff: 1 Page Ref: 18AACSB: Reflective ThinkingCASE: ContentObjective: 1.210) There are four major business functions: Sales and marketing; manufacturing and production; finance and accounting; and information technology.Answer: FALSEDiff: 1 Page Ref: 18-19AACSB: Reflective ThinkingCASE: ContentObjective: 1.211) In order to understand how a specific business firm uses information systems, you need to know something about the hierarchy and culture of the company.Answer: TRUEDiff: 2 Page Ref: 19-20AACSB: Analytic SkillsCASE: AnalysisObjective: 1.312) Business processes are logically related tasks for accomplishing tasks that have been formally encoded by an organization.Answer: FALSEDiff: 2 Page Ref: 19AACSB: Reflective ThinkingCASE: ContentObjective: 1.313) A substantial part of management responsibility is creative work driven by new knowledge and information.Answer: TRUEDiff: 1 Page Ref: 20AACSB: Reflective ThinkingCASE: ContentObjective: 1.214) Intranets allow firms to work easily with third-party suppliers and vendors.Answer: FALSEDiff: 2 Page Ref: 21AACSB: Use of ITCASE: ContentObjective: 1.215) An IT infrastructure provides the platform on which the firm can build its information systems. Answer: TRUEDiff: 1 Page Ref: 21AACSB: Use of ITCASE: ContentObjective: 1.316) UPS's use of Web-based tools that allow customers to embed UPS functions such as tracking and cost calculations into their own Web sites was an information systems solution used to achieve customer intimacy.Answer: TRUEDiff: 3 Page Ref: 13, 22AACSB: Analytic SkillsCASE: AnalysisObjective: 1.217) Studies have consistently shown that firms who invest greater amounts in information technology receive greater benefits than firms that invest less.Answer: FALSEDiff: 2 Page Ref: 26AACSB: Use of ITCASE: ContentObjective: 1.418) Government and private sector standards are examples of complementary social assetsrequired to optimize returns from IT investments.Answer: TRUEDiff: 2 Page Ref: 27AACSB: Reflective ThinkingCASE: ContentObjective: 1.419) A firm that invests in efficient business processes is making an investment in organizational complementary assets.Answer: TRUEDiff: 2 Page Ref: 27AACSB: Reflective ThinkingCASE: ContentObjective: 1.420) The behavioral approach to information systems leaves aside technical solutions to instead analyze the psychological, social, and economic impacts of systems.Answer: TRUEDiff: 2 Page Ref: 29AACSB: Reflective ThinkingCASE: ContentObjective: 1.321) The six important business objectives of information technology are new products, services, and business models; customer and supplier intimacy; survival; competitive advantage; operational excellence; and信息技术的六重要业务1目标是新产品、服务和商业模式; new products,new services,new business models2客户和供应商的亲密关系; customer and supplier intimacy3生存;survival4竞争优势; competitive advantage5操作卓越; operational excellence6改进决策。
管理信息系统-第九章
请阅读互动讨论案例，并讨论以下问题
1、为什么库存管理和需求计划对于Land O’Lakes来 说特别重要？如果不能很好的管理库存或预测需求， 会给公司带来哪些影响？
2、在选择甲骨文Demantra作为Land O’Lakes的解 决方案时，公司考虑了哪些管理、组织和技术因素？
9.2 供应链管理系统
供应链
组织和流程的网络:
物料采购，把物料 加工成产品，并把产品分销出去
上游供应链:
公司的供应商、供应商的供应商，以及管理这些供应商 关系的业务流程
下游供应链:
负责配送产品到客户那里的组织和业务流程
内部供应链
耐克（Nike）的供应链
上游
签约 供应商
互动讨论--技术： 客户关系管理走向云计算
请阅读互动讨论案例，并分析如下问题
1、什么类型的公司最有可能选用基于云的CRM软 件服务？为什么？什么公司可能不太适合这种类型 的软件？
2、使用基于云的企业应用有哪些优势和劣势？ 3、公司在决定使用传统CRM系统还是基于云的系
统时，需要考虑哪些管理、组织和技术问题？
Sept 2012-Jan2013 7
Management Information Systems
客户关系管理系统
CRM 软件 （续）
CRM软件包所包括的主要工具是:
销售自动化(SFA) 销售前景预测、合同信息、销售询价功能
客户服务 管理客户服务的请求、分配客户服务任务、基于网络的自助 服务
Management Information Systems
供应链管理系统
信息管理专业英语 unit1-12 单词以及句子翻译
专业英语一、专业术语RFID射频识别IOT物联网Cloud Computing云计算ANN神经网络BI商业智能E-business /Web-business / e-commerce电子商务KM知识管理GIS地理信息系统PDA掌上电脑Bluetooth蓝牙技术CAD计算机辅助设计CMD计算机辅助制作branch manager部门经理binary format二进制格式USB（Universal Serial Bus）通用串行总线computer case计算机机箱temporary storage of information临时存储信息floppy disk软盘CD-ROM只读光盘textual源代码video card视频卡，显卡sound card音频卡，声卡DVD数字化视频光盘SISP战略信息系统计划Project Management项目管理Human Resources人力资源End-User Systems Development最终用户系统开发rolling business plans流动业务计划MIS(management information system)管理信息系统DB（database）数据库DBMS（database Management system）数据库管理系统DSS（decision support system）决策支持系统operational manager运营经理Senior manager 高级经理semi-structured decision半结构化决策ANS（Advanced Network&Service）高级网络及服务公司TPS（Transaction Processing systems）事务管理系统KWS（Knowledge Work Systems）只是工作系统GRASP绘制机器人技术应用软件包OAS（Office Automation Systems）办公自动化系统ESS（Executive Support Systems）经理支持系统EIS（Executive Information Systems）经理信息系统OLAP（on-line analytical processing）联机分析处理GIS（Group Information Systems）集群信息系统GDSS（Group Decision Support Systems）集群决策支持系统MIT（Management Information technology）管理信息技术RAD（rapid application development）快速应用开发Two-way communications 双工通讯client-server environment 客户服务环境Data warehouse 数据仓库logistics information systems 物流信息系统ERP（Enterprise resource planning）企业资源规划CRM（customer relationship Management）客户关系管理OOD（Object-Oriented design）面向对象设计OOP（Object0Oriented Programming）面向对象编程HLLs（High Level Languages）高级语言ADTs（Abstract Data Types）抽象数据类型Software Ics软件的组成单元machine code机器码op-code输出码EDI（Electronic Data interchange）电子数据交换SMEs（small and medium sized enterprises）中小企业B2B企业对企业电子商务B2C企业对用户电子商务CERT(Character Error Rate Tester)字符出错率测试器CIAS（Communication Link Analyzer System）通信链路分析系统IMS（Information Management System）管理信息系统NDMS（Netware Data Management System）网络数据管理系统二、翻译Unit 11. Management is the attainment of organizational goals in an effective and efficient manner through planning, organizing, leading, and controlling organizational resources.管理是组织目标通过计划、组织、领导、控制组织资源实现的有效方式。
information-systems-management英文原文+翻译-----学生信息管理系统的设计与发展---文献翻译
The Design and Development of the Students' Information Management SystemAs information technology advances, various management systems have emerged to change the daily lives of the more coherent, to the extent possible, the use of network resources can be significantly reasonable reduction of manual management inconvenience and waste of time.Accelerating the modernization of the 21st century, the continuous improvement of the scientific and cultural levels, the rapid growth of the number of students will inevitably increase the pressure information management students, the inefficient manual retrieval completely incompatible with the community\'s needs. The Student Information Management Systemis an information management one kind within system, currently information technique continuously of development, the network technique has already been applied in us extensively nearby of every trade, there is the network technical development, each high schools all make use of a calculator to manage to do to learn, the school is operated by handicraft before of the whole tedious affairs all got fast and solve high-efficiencily, especially student result management the system had in the school very big function, all can be more convenient, fast for the student and the teacher coming saying and understand accurately with management everyone noodles information. AbstractIt is a very heavy and baldness job of managing a bulky database by manpower. The disadvantage, such as great capacity of work, low efficiency and long period, exist in data inputting, demanding and modification. So the computer management system will bring us a quite change.Because there are so many students in the school, the data of students' information is huge, it makes the management of the information become a complicated and tedious work. This system aims at the school, passing by practically of demand analysis, adopt mighty VB6.0 to develop the student information managementsystem. The whole system design process follow the principle of simple operation, beautiful and vivid interface and practical request. The student information management system including the function of system management, basic information management, study management, prize and punishment management , print statement and so on. Through the proof of using, the student information management system which this text designed can satisfy the school to manage the demand of the aspect to students' information. The thesis introduced the background of development, the functions demanded and the process of design. The thesis mainly explained the point of the system design, the thought of design, the difficult technique and the solutions. The student managed the creation of the system to reduce the inconvenience on the manpower consumedly, let the whole student the data management is more science reasonable.The place that this system has most the special features is the backstage database to unify the management to student's information.That system mainly is divided into the system management, student profession management, student file management, school fees management, course management, result management and print the statement.The interface of the system is to make use of the vb software creation of, above few molds pieces are all make use of the vb to control a the piece binds to settle of method to carry out the conjunction toward the backstage database, the backstage database probably is divided into following few formses:Professional information form, the charges category form, student the job form, student the information form, political feature form of student, the customer logs on the form The system used Client/Server structure design, the system is in the data from one server and a number of Taiwan formed LAN workstations. Users can check the competence of different systems in different users submit personal data, background database you can quickly given the mandate to see to the content.Marks management is a important work of school,the original manual management havemany insufficiencies,the reasons that,students' population are multitudinous in school,and each student's information are too complex,thus the work load are extremely big,the statistics and the inquiry have been inconvenient.Therefore,how to solve these insufficiencies,let the marks management to be more convenient and quickly,have a higher efficiency,and become a key question.More and more are also urgent along with school automationthe marks management when science and technology rapid development,therefore is essential to develop the software system of marks register to assist the school teaching management.So that can improve the marks management,enhance the efficiency of management.Systems Analysis and Design SystemsWorking under control of a stored program, a computer processes data into information. Think about that definition for a minute. Any given computer application involves at least three components: hardware, software, and data. Merely writing a program isn’t enough, because the program is but one component is in a system.A system is a group of components that work together to accomplish an objective. For example, consider a payroll system. Its objective is paying employees. What components are involved? Each day, employees record their hours worked on time cards. At the end of each week, the time cards are collected and delivered to the computer center, where they are read into a payroll program. As it runs, the program accesses data files. Finally, the paychecks are printed and distributed. For the system to work, people, procedures, input and output media, files, hardware, and software must be carefully coordinated. Note that the program is but one component in a system.Systems AnalysisComputer-based systems are developed because people need information. Those people,called users, generally know what is required, but may lack the expertise to obtain it. Technical professionals, such as programmers, have the expertise, but may lack training in the user’s field. To complicate matters, users an d programmers often seem to speak different languages, leading to communication problems. A systems analyst is a professional who translates user needs into technical terms, thus serving as a bridge between users and technical professionals.Like an engineer or an architect, a systems analyst solves problems by combining solid technical skills with insight, imagination, and a touch of art. Generally, the analyst follows a well-defined, methodical process that includes at least the following steps: Problem definitionAnalysisDesignImplementationMaintenanceAt the end of each step, results are documented and shared with both the user and the programmers. The idea is to catch and correct errors and misunderstandings as early as possible. Perhaps the best way to illustrate the process is through example.Picture a small clothing store that purchases merchandise at wholesale, displays this stock, and sells it to customers at retail. On the one hand, too much: stock represents an unnecessary expense. On the other hand, a poor selection discourages shoppers. Ideally, a balance can be achieved: enough, but not too much.Complicating matters is the fact that inventory is constantly changing, with customer purchases depleting stock, and returns and reorders adding to it. The owner would like to track inventory levels and reorder any given item just before the store runs out. For a single item, the task is easy-just count the stock-on-hand. Unfortunately, the store has hundreds of different items, and keeping track of each one is impractical. Perhaps a computer might help.Problem DefinitionThe first step in the systems analysis and design process is problem definition. Theanalyst’s objective is determining what the user needs. Note that, as the process begins, the user possesses the critical information, and the analyst must listen and learn. Few users are technical experts. Most see the computer as a “magic box,” and are not concerned with how it works. At this stage, the analyst has no business even thinking about programs, files, and computer hardware, but must communicate with the user on his or her own terms.The idea is to ensure that both the user and the analyst are thinking about the same thing. Thus, a clear, written statement expressing the analyst’s underst anding of the problem is essential. The user should review and correct this written statement. The time to catch misunderstandings and oversights is now, before time, money, and effort are wasted. Often, following a preliminary problem definition, the analyst performs a feasibility study. The study, a brief capsule version of the entire systems analysis and design process, attempts to answer three questions:1.Can the problem be solved?2.Can it be solved in the user’s environment?3.Can it be solved at a reasonable cost?If the answer to any one of these questions is no, the system should not be developed. Given a good problem definition and a positive feasibility study, the analyst can turn to planning and developing a problem solution.AnalysisAs analysis begins, the analyst understands the problem. The next step is determining what must be done to solve it. The user knows what must be done; during analysis, this knowledge is extracted and formally documented. Most users think in terms of the functions to be performed and the data elements to be manipulated. The objective is to identify and link these key functions and data elements, yielding a logical system design. Start with the system’s basic functions. The key is keeping track of the stock-on-hand for each product in inventory. Inventory changes because customers purchase, exchange, and return products, so the system will have to process customer transactions. The store’s owner wants to selectively look at the inventory level for any product in short supply and,if appropriate, order replacement stock, so the system must be able to communicate with management. Finally, following management authorization, the system should generate a reorder ready to send to a supplier.Given the system’s basic functions, the analyst’s next task is gaining a sense of their logical relation. A good way to start is by describing how data flow between the functions. As the name implies, data flow diagrams are particularly useful for graphically describing these data flows. Four symbols are used. Data sources and destinations are represented by squares; input data enter the system form a source, and output data flow to a destination. Once in the system, the data are manipulated or changed by processes, represented by round-corner rectangles. A process might be a program, a procedure, or anything else that changes or moves data. Data can be held for later processing in data stores, symbolized by open-ended rectangles. A data store might be a disk file, a tape file, a database, written notes, or even a person’s memory. Finally, data flow between sources, destinations, processes, and data stores over data flows, which are represented by arrows. Preliminary data flow diagram for the inventory system. Start a CUSTOMER. Transactions flow from a customer into the system, where they are handled by Process transaction. A data store, the STOCK, holds data on each item in inventory. Process transaction changes the data to reflect the new transaction. Meanwhile, MANAGEMENT accesses the system through Communicate, evaluating the data in STOCK and, if necessary, requesting a recorder. Once a reorder is authorized, Generate reorder sends necessary data to the SUPPLIER, who ships the items to the store. Note that, because the reorder represents a change in the inventory level of a particular product or products, it is handled as a transaction.The data flow diagram describes the logical system. The next step is tracing the data flow. Start with the destination SUPPLIER. Reorders flow to suppliers; for example, the store might want 25 pairs of jeans. To fill the order, the supplier needs the product description and the reorder quantity. Where do these data elements come from? Since they are output by Generate reorder, they must either be input to or generated by this process. Data flow into Generate reorder for STOCK; thus, product and reorder quantities must be stored inSTOCK.Other data elements, such as purchased and the purchase quantity, are generated by CUSTOMER. Still others, for example selling price and reorder point, are generated by or needed by MANAGEMENT. The current stock –on-hand for a given item is an example of a data element generated by an algorithm in one of the procedures. Step by step, methodically, the analyst identifies the data elements to be input to, stored by, manipulated by, generated by, or output by the system.To keep track of the data elements, the analyst might list each one in a data dictionary. A simple data dictionary can be set up on index cards, but computerized data dictionaries have become increasingly popular. The data dictionary, a collection of data describing and defining the data, is useful throughout the systems analysis and design process, and is often used to build a database during the implementation stage.The idea of analysis is to define the system’s major functions and data elements methodically. Remember that the objective is translating user needs into technical terms. Since the system starts with the user, the first step is defi ning the user’s needs. Users think in terms of functions and data. They do not visualize programs, or files, or hardware, and during this initial, crucial analysis stage, it is essential that the analyst think like a user, not like a programmer.Data flow diagrams and data dictionaries are useful tools. They provide a format for recording key information about the proposed system. Also, they jog the analyst’s memory; for example, if the analyst doesn’t have sufficient information to complete a data dictionary entry, he or she has probably missed something. Perhaps most importantly, the data flow diagram and the data dictionary document the analyst’s understanding of the system requirements. By reviewing these documents, the user can correct misunderstanding or oversights. Finally, they represent an excellent starting point for the next step, design.DesignAs we enter the design stage, we know what the system must do, and thus can begin thinking about how to do it. The objective is to develop a strategy for solving the problem.At this stage, we are not interested in writing code or in defining precise data structures; instead, we want to identify, at a black box level, necessary programs, files, procedures, and other components.The data flow diagram defines the system’s necessary functions; how might they be implemented? One possibility is writing one program for each process. Another is combining two or more processes in a single program; there are dozens of alternative solutions. Let’s focus on one option a nd document it.A system flowchart uses symbols to represent programs, procedures, hardware devices, and the other components of a physical system. Our flowchart shows that transaction data enter the system through a terminal, are stored on an inventory by a data collection program, and then are stored on an inventory file. Eventually, the inventory file is processed by a Report and reorder program. Through it, management manipulates the data and authorizes reorders.Look at the system flowchart. It identifies several hardware components, including a computer, a disk drive, a data entry terminal, a printer, and a display terminal. Tow programs are needed: Process transaction and Report and reorder. In addition to the hardware and the programs, we’ll need dat a structures for the inventory file and for data flows between the I/O devices and the software. Note that system flow chart illustrates one possible solution; a good analyst will develop several feasible alternatives before choosing one.The flowchart maps the system, highlighting its major physical components. Since the data link the components, the next task is defining the data structures. Consider, for example, the inventory file. It contains all the data elements from the data store STOCK. The data el ements are listed in the data dictionary. Using them, the file’s data structure can be planned.How should the file be organized? That depends on how it will be accessed. For example, in some applications, data are processed at regular, predictable intervals. Typically, the data are collected over time and processed together, as a batch. If batch processing is acceptable, a sequential file organization is probably best.It is not always possible to wait until a batch of transactions is collected, however. For example, consider an air defense early warning system. If an unidentified aircraft is spotted, it must be identified immediately; the idea of waiting until 5:00 p. m because “that’s when the air defense program is run” is absurd. Instead, because of the need for quick response, each transaction must be processed as it occurs. Generally, such transaction processing systems call for direct access file.Our inventory system has tow programs. One processes transactions. A direct access inventory file seems a reasonable choice. The other allows management to study inventory data occasionally; batch processing would certainly do. Should the inventory file be organized sequentially or directly? Faced with such a choice, a good analyst considers both options. One possible system might accept transactions and process them as they occur. As an alternative, sales slips might be collected throughout the day and programs would deal with direct access files; in the second system, they would be linked to sequential files. A program to process direct access data is different from a program to process sequential data. The data drive the system. The choice of a data structure determines the program’s structure. Note that the program is defined and planned in the context of the system.ImplementationOnce the system’s major components have been identified, we can begin to develop them. Our system includes two programs, several pieces of equipment, and a number of data structures. During implementation, each program is planned and written using the techniques described in Chapter 7. Files are created, and their contents checked. New hardware is purchased, installed, and tested. Additionally, operating procedures are written and evaluated. Once all the component parts are ready, the system is tested. Assuming the user is satisfied, the finished system is released.SummaryA system is a collection of hardware, software, data, and procedural components that work together to accomplish an objective. A program is but one component in a system. System are planned and designed by system analysts who generally follow a well-defined,methodical process. The first step in the process is problem definition, when the analystattempts to discover exactly what the user needs. Often, following a preliminary problem definition, a feasibility study is conducted to determine if the problem can be solved. Given a clear problem definition, analysis begins. During this stage, the analyst develops a logical model of the system. Key functions are linked through a data flow diagram. Using the diagram as a tool, the data flows are traced, and the system’s data elements are identified and recorded in a data dictionary. After the logical system isreviewed with the user, design begins.During design, the analyst develops a model of the physical system. A system flowchart can be used to map the system, defining each physical component as a symbol. A good systems analyst considers a number of alternative solutions to the problem before settling on one. Implementation follows design. Programs are planned and written; hardware is ordered and installed; procedures are written; files and databases are initialized; and, finally, the pieces are assembled and tested. Following release of the system, maintenancebegins.学生信息管理系统的设计与发展随着信息技术的日新月异,各种管理系统的相继出现,让日常生活变的更加具有条理化, 尽可能的合理的运用网络资源可以大大的减少人工管理上带来的不便及时间的浪费.二十一世纪现代化程度的不断加速,科学文化水平的不断提高,学生数量的急剧增长，势必增加了管理学生信息带来的压力，人工检索的低效完全不符合整个社会的需要.学生信息管理系统是信息管理系统中的一种，目前信息技术不断的发展，网络技术已经广泛的应用于我们身边的各行各业，有了网络技术的发展，各高校都利用计算机来管理办学，以前学校靠手工操作的一切繁琐事情都得到了快速且高效率的解决，特别是学生成绩管理系统在学校中起到了很大的作用，对于学生和教师来说都能够更方便、快捷、准确地了解和管理各方面信息。
管理科学主题词表
管理科学主题词表管理科学（Management Science）是研究组织和管理问题的学科，涵盖了多个子领域。
以下是一些与管理科学相关的主题词，这些词汇可以帮助你更好地理解和研究管理科学的各个方面：1.决策分析（Decision Analysis）2.运筹学（Operations Research）3.项目管理（Project Management）4.供应链管理（Supply Chain Management）5.质量管理（Quality Management）6.风险管理（Risk Management）7.决策支持系统（Decision Support Systems）8.组织行为学（Organizational Behavior）9.战略管理（Strategic Management）10.人力资源管理（Human Resource Management）11.创新管理（Innovation Management）12.知识管理（Knowledge Management）13.绩效管理（Performance Management）14.管理信息系统（Management Information Systems）15.领导力（Leadership）16.项目评估（Project Evaluation）17.市场营销管理（Marketing Management）18.成本管理（Cost Management）19.生产和运营管理（Production and Operations Management）20.组织设计（Organizational Design）21.战略规划（Strategic Planning）22.团队管理（Team Management）23.变革管理（Change Management）24.企业伦理学（Business Ethics）25.创业管理（Entrepreneurship Management）这些主题词覆盖了管理科学的广泛领域，涵盖了从决策、运营到组织行为等多个方面。
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Business Processes and Information Systems
• Examples of functional business processes
– Manufacturing and production
• Assembling the product
– Sales and marketing
• Information technology enhances business processes by:
– Increasing efficiency of existing processes
• Automating steps that were manual
– Enabling entirely new processes
Chapter 2
Global E-business and Collaboration
VIDEO CASES
Case 1: Walmart’s Retail Link Supply Chain Case 2: : The Emerging Social Enterprise Case 3: How FedEx Works: Inside the Memphis Hub Instructional Video 1: US Foodservice Grows Market with Oracle CRM on Demand
• Evaluate the role played by systems serving the various levels of management in a business and their relationship to each other.
• Explain how enterprise applications improve organizational performance.
2.3
Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
Management Information Systems
Chapter 2: Global E-business and Collaboration
TELUS Embraces Social Learning
• Change flow of information • Replace sequential steps with parallel steps • Eliminate delays in decision making • Support new business models
2.8
Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
CAN AIRLINES SOLVE THEIR BAGGAGE HANDLING PROBLEMS?
Read the Interactive Session and discuss the following questions
• What types of transactions are handled by baggage handling systems? • What are the management, organization, and technology components of baggage handling systems? • What is the problem these baggage handling systems are trying to solve? Discuss the business impact of this problem. Are today’s baggage handling systems a solution to this problem? • What kinds of management reports can be generated from the data from these systems?
2.7
Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
Management Information Systems
Chapter 2: Global E-business and Collaboration
Business Processes and Information Systems
• Business processes:
– Flows of material, information, knowledge – Sets of activities, steps – May be tied to functional area or be crossfunctional
• Businesses: Can be seen as collection of business processes
2.4
Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
Management Information Systems
Chapter 2: Global E-business and Collaboration
Business Processes and Information Systems
2.11
Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
Management Information Systems
Chapter 2: Global E-business and Collaboration
Interactive Session: Technology
Management Information Systems
Chapter 2: Global E-business and Collaboration
Learning Objectives
• Define and describe business processes and their relationship to information systems.
2.10
Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
Management Information Systems
Chapter 2: Global E-business and Collaboration
Types of Information Systems
• Business intelligence
2.9
Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
Management Information Systems
Chapter 2: Global E-business and Collaboration
A Payroll TPS
A TPS for payroll processing captures employee payment transaction data (such as a time card). System outputs include online and hard-copy reports for management and employee paychecks. FIGURE 2-2
Management Information Systems
Chapter 2: Global E-business and Collaboration
Types of Information Systems
• Transaction processing systems
– Serve operational managers and staff – Perform and record daily routine transactions necessary to conduct business • Examples: sales order entry, payroll, shipping – Allow managers to monitor status of operations and relations with external environment – Serve predefined, structured goals and decision making
Management Information Systems
Chapter 2: Global E-business and Collaboration
The Order Fulfillment Process
FIGURE 2-1
Fulfilling a customer order involves a complex set of steps that requires the close coordination of the sales, accounting, and manufacturing functions.
• Problem: Need to capture employee knowledge as 40% of workforce nears retirement
• Solutions: New technology for collaborative knowledge sharing • Microsoft SharePoint Server 3010 provided companywide platform for collaboration, knowledge acquisition and transfer, and social tools • Demonstrates IT’s role in collaboration and documenting knowledge • Illustrates the need for changing organizational culture and business processes to use information systems effectively