climate change

A majority of the world’s climate scientists have convinced themselves, and also a lot of laymen, some of whom have political power, that the Earth’s climate is changing; that the change, from humanity’s point of view, is for the worse; and that the cause is human activity, in the form of excessive emissions of greenhouse gases.
A majority, though, are skeptical. Some think that recent data suggesting the Earth’s average temperature is rising are explained by natural variations in solar radiation, and that this trend may be coming to an end. Others argue that there is no conclusive evidence that modern temperatures are higher than they used to be.
We believe that global warming is a serious threat, and the world needs to take steps to try to avert it. That is the job of the politicians. But we do not believe that climate change is a certainty. There are no certainties in science. Prevailing theories must be constantly tested against evidence, and more evidence collected, and the theories tested again. That is the job of the scientists.(186) 大多数的世界气候科学学家和许多外行人（其中有一些有政治权利）认为全球气候正在变化，从人类的角度看，这种变化是不利的，其原因在于人类的活动，人类向空中排放了大量的温室气体。

尽管大部分人持怀疑的态度，但是，一些人认为最近显示全球平均气温上升的数据可以用太阳辐射的自然变化来解释，并且这种趋势可能会终止；一些人则认为还没有足够的证据证明现在的气温高于以往。

我们认为全球变暖是个严重的威胁，并且人类需要采取措施改变它，这是政治家们要做的工作，但是，我们也认为气候变化不是一个定数，在科学上也没有足够的证据证明，科学家的工作就是要反复地测试现流行的理论，收集更多的资料，然后再反复测试。

Singapore
Singapore is an independent city-state in south-eastern Asia, consisting of one major island--the Singapore Island and more than 50 small islands, located off the southern tip of Malay. The city of Singapore, the capital of the country, is at the south-eastern end of the Singapore Island; it is one of the most important port cities and commercial centers of Southeast Asia. The total area of the republic is 640sq.km.
Low-lying Singapore Island has no outstanding relief features. A central area of hills rises to the maximum height of 176m. The country has a wet tropical climate, with an average annual temperature of 27.20℃. The average annual rainfall is 2,413mm; the wettest months are November through January.
Singapore is governed under a constitution of 1959. A president, elected to a four-year term, is head of state, and a Prime Minister is head of government. The president used to be elected by the Parliament, but by a 1991 constitutional amendment, the president is now elected directly by the people .
Singapore has one of the highest standards of living of any country in Asia. Singapore now produces a diversity of goods, including chemicals, electronic items, clothing, and processed foods, etc. and petroleum refining are also important. (207)
新加坡
新加坡是东南亚位于南端的马来语的一个独立的城邦，有一个大的新加坡岛和五十多个小岛组成。

位于新加坡岛东南端的新加坡是这个国家的首都，也是东南亚最重要的港口城市和商业中心，这个共和国的总面积是640平方公里。

地势低平的新加坡岛没有明显的地势要素，中部地区的山最高达176米，新加坡年平均气
温，属于潮湿的热带气候，年平均降水量为2413毫米，十一月到一月是最潮湿的月份。

新加坡采用的是1959年的宪法，通过选举产生总统，任期为四年，总统是国家的元首总理是政府的元首，总统过去是由美国议会选举产生，但是根据1991年宪法修正法案，总统现在直接由人民选举产生。

新加坡是亚洲国家生活水平最高的国家之一，新加坡现在生产的产品多种多样，有化学制品、电子产品、服装、加工食品等等，航运业和石油加工业也很重要。