高中英语虚拟语气练习题(附答案解析)

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高中英语虚拟语气讲解及练习
虚拟条件句就是对现实条件的一种虚拟假设,所假设的条件一般不符合事实或与事实相反或在现实中发生的可能性极小。

根据时间的不同,虚拟条件句可分为三种,即与现在事实相反的虚拟条件句、与过去事实相反的虚拟条件句
(1)表示与现在事实相反
If I had enough money now, I would lend it to you.
(2)表示与过去事实相反
If he had taken your advice, he wouldn’t have made such a bad mistake.
(3)表示与将来事实相反
I would go shopping with you if it were to be Sunday tomorrow.
1. 虚拟条件句的倒装
在虚拟条件句中,为了强调所假设条件的虚拟性,或突出说话人的一种主观愿望,虚拟条件句可用倒装结构。

虚拟条件句的倒装是通过去掉if,把条件从句谓语中的助动词、情态动词或系动词放在句首实现的。

例如:Had I been(= If I had been ) in that situation, I would not have let the thief escape away with so much money.
Should there be (= If there should be) a drought, what should we do at that time ?
2. 错综时间条件句
有时条件从句的动作和主句的动作发生的时间并不一致,这时谓语动词的形式应根据它所要表示的具体时间来确定。

例如:
If we hadn’t been working hard in the past few years ,thing s wouldn’t be going so smoothly.
3. 含蓄条件句
有时假设的情况并不以条件从句的形式表现出来,而是通过某个介词或介词短语(如:with,otherwise,without,but for,in that position)、上下文或其它方式表现出来。

这种句子称为含蓄条件句。

例如:
But for the help from you , I would not have had the chance to go to college.
二、虚拟语气在某些从句中的运用
在某些词或短语后接的从句中要使用虚拟语气,表示愿望、建议或命令等。

根据虚拟语气的形式不同,虚拟语气可以分为“should类”和“过去时态类”。

(一)should类
这一类的虚拟语气是通过从句中的谓语动词使用“should +动词原形”体现出来的,should可以省略。

其具体运用体现在:
1. 在suggest , order, demand , propose, command, request, desire,insist等表示建议、命令、要求、意见的动词后接的宾语从句中要使用虚拟语气。

如:He suggests that she should leave the house at once.
The leader ordered that the task(should) be finished as soon as possible.
He proposed that we (should)deal with the problem by the view of development.
2. 与suggest,order,demand,propose,command,request,desire,insist等动词相对应的名词suggestion,order,demand,proposal等后的表语从句或同位语从句中要使用虚拟语气。

如:The general sent the order that the battle (should)be held on until the complete failure of the enemy.
My proposal is that we(should) set a deadline for handing in the plan.
3. 在It is/was suggested (ordered,demanded,proposed,etc.)结构以及necessary,essential,important,strange,natural等形容词后的主语从句中要使用虚拟语气。

如:
It’s requested that we (should)keep the stability of the society for the people’s peaceful life.
It is necessary that the badly wounded man(should) be treated immediately. (二)过去时态类
英语中,还有一些词或短语后接的从句或句子,也要使用虚拟语气,虚拟语气是通过句中的谓语使用过去的某种时态(如:一般过去时、过去完成时等)来体现的。

1. wish,would rather 后的宾语从句。

如:
He wished he had never been involved in such affairs.
I would rather you could teach me again.
2. as if,as though引导的从句。

如:
The little boy knows so many things as if he was a man.
He acted as usual as though nothing had happened.
3. 由if only (要是……,那该多好啊!)引导的惊叹句。

如:
If only I had passed the test!
If only it stopped raining!
4. It is(about/high) time 后的定语从句。

如:
It is time we went out for a walk.
It was high time they had begun to prepare the experiment.
三、虚拟语气的其它用法
在英语中,一些表示建议、请求、劝告、愿望、祈祷、祝福或诅咒的句子,也需要使用虚拟语气。

如:
Would you mind smoking here?
May you be lucky!
Long live the people of China!
God save me.
虚拟语气练习题
1.--- Why don't you buy the necklace since you like it so much?
---I___, but I don't have the money
A.would B.will
C.should D.may
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】
考查虚拟语气。

句意:—既然你如此喜欢这条项链,为什么不把它买下来?—我要买的,但我没有钱。

本句是一个表示与现在事实相反的虚拟语气,will和may不用于虚拟语气,should的意义不搭配。

句中would后面承前省略了buy it。

故A项正确。

2. ________ for the fact that she broke her leg, she might have passed the exam.
A.Hadn’t it been B.Had it not been C.Was it not D.Were it not
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】
试题分析:考查虚拟语气。

本题考查与过去事实相反的虚拟语气,故从句用had + v-ed,主句用would/could/should/might + have + v-ed。

这里的从句用了倒装结构Had it not been=" If" it had not been。

句意:要不是她摔断了腿这样的事实,她也许会通过考试。

故B正确。

考点:考查虚拟语气
3.—It's a pity that Andrew didn't want to go to the conference.
—________ willing to go,we could have paid all his expenses.
A.Had he been B.Being
C.Was he D.He had been
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】
A
解析考查虚拟语气与倒装。

根据第一句中的时态可知此处是对过去情况的虚拟,意思是“如果他愿意去,我们会支付他所有的费用”。

此处是省略了虚拟条件句中的if而引起的倒装,其正常语序应为“If he had been willing to go”。

4.I can’t thank you _____much, because without your help I _____ have won the first place. A.too; wouldn’t B.very; shouldn’t
C.that; might not D.so; couldn’t
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】
考查常用句型和虚拟语气。

句意:我再怎么感谢你也不为过,因为要是没有你的帮助,我就不能赢得第一名。

not… too much都不过分;without your help这是一个条件,主干是对过去的虚拟,故选A。

【点睛】
虚拟语气是高中阶段的重要语法项目,需要考生牢记各种情况的虚拟语气的谓语动词的形式,并要有分析理解语境的能力。

即学即练:—I didn’t go to the movie last night because of the rain.
—What a pity! If I had got the ticket, I ________ it.
A. wouldn’t have missed
B. wouldn’t miss
C. didn’t miss
D. hadn’t missed
解析:A。

根据上一句last night可知,本句表示与过去事实相反,从句用过去完成时,主句用would have done结构。

5.He was very busy yesterday;otherwise,he ______ to the meeting.
A.would come B.came C.would have come D.will come
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】
这题考查虚拟语气的用法,这里的otherwise是隐含的虚拟条件句,相当于:If he hadn’t been busy yesterday,所以主句用would have done。

选C。

6.Nancy was very disappointed to hear the news. I wish I her about that.
A.hadn’t told B.didn’t tell C.wouldn’t tell D.can’t tell
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】
试题分析:考察虚拟语气。

动词wish后面的从句使用虚拟语气,如果与现在相反,使用一般过去时;与过去相反,用过去完成时;与将来相反,用过去将来时。

句意:听到这个消息,Nancy非常失望。

我多么希望我没有告诉她这一点啊!根据句意说明这是与过去的希望相反,过使用过去完成时。

故A正确。

考点:考察虚拟语气
点评:动词wish后面的从句要使用虚拟语气。

如果与现在事实相反,用过去时;如果与过去事实相反,用过去完成时;如果与将来相反就使用过去将来时。

7.Sorry, I am too busy now. If I _____ time, I would certainly go for an outing with you.
A.have had B.had had C.have D.had
【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】
本题考查虚拟语气。

句意:对不起,我很忙。

要是我有空的话,我肯定会和你一起去郊游。

既然I am too busy,说明“我有空”只能是对现在的一种假设,所以此处为虚拟语气。

含有主从复合句的虚拟语气在if从句中谓语动词通常用过去式形式表现在,所以答案应选had。

8.Experts advised that parents ______ children from doing homework by using electronic equipment too much.
A.discouraged B.discourage
C.would discourage D.have discouraged
【答案】B
【解析】
【分析】
考查
【详解】
句意:专家建议,家长们不要让孩子们过多地使用电子设备来做作业。

此处是advise“建议”+that从句的用法,在that从句中用should+do形式的特殊用法,should可以省略,故选B项。

9.—Don’t forget to bring your camera with you,Jack.
—Oh,thank you.I wouldn’t bring it if you ________ me.
A.w ouldn’t remind B.haven’t reminded
C.shouldn’t have reminded D.hadn’t reminded
【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】
考查错综条件的虚拟语气。

句意:——不要忘记带上你的相机,杰克。

——啊,谢谢。

如果你不提醒我,我不会带的。

本题主句涉及的时间是将来,从句涉及的时间是过去,条件从句表示的动作与主句表示的动作发生的时间并不一致,这时,谓语动词的形式要根据各自所表示的时间来调整,这种现象叫做错综时间虚拟语气。

本题从句表示与过去事实相反,过去事实上是“提醒”了,故用过去完成时。

10.If he had known he was building his own house, he ________ all of it so differently. A.would do B.would have done
C.could do D.must have done
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】
句意:如果他知道他正在盖自己的房子,他做的所有这些将会很不同。

根据“If he had known”可知,本句是对过去的虚拟,因此主句中谓语动词需用would have done结构,故选B。

must have done表示“一定做过”,是过去事情的肯定推测。

11.—Was Sun Yang sorry for his driving without a license?
—Yeah, he said he ________ a role model as a public figure but he failed to be.
A.was B.had been
C.should have been D.would be
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】
句意:——孙杨为他的无证驾驶感到抱歉吗?——是的,他说他作为公众人物本应该做个榜样,但是他没有这么做。

根据“he failed to be”可知,表示与过去事实相反,表示“本应该做某事而实际上没做”,应用should have done结构。

故选C。

12.If you hard at school, you a college student now and would get a good job in the future.
A.had studied; would have been B.would have studied; could be
C.had studied; would be D.studied; could be
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】
考查虚拟语气。

句意:如果你上学时努力学习,现在就是大学生了,将来会找到一个好工作。

从句是对过去的假设用过去完成时,而主句是对现在和将来的假设用would+原形,故选C。

【名师点睛】
虚拟条件句中,主、从句的动作若不是同时发生时,要区别对待。

①从句的动作与过去事实相反,用过去时态的虚拟结构过去完成时;而主句的动作与现在或现在正在发生的事实不符,用现在时的虚拟形式would do。

如:
If I had worked hard at school, I would be an engineer, too. 如果我在学校学习刻苦的话,我现在也会是工程师了。

If they had informed us, we would not come here now. 如果他们通知过我们的话,我们现在就不会来这里了。

②从句的动作与现在事实相反,用现在时的虚拟形式过去时;而主句的动作与过去事实不符,用过去时态的虚拟结构would have done。

如:
If he were free today, we would have sent him to Beijing. 如果他今天有空的话,我们会已经派他去北京了。

③从句的动作与过去发生的情况相反,用过去时态的虚拟结构过去完成时;而主句的动作与现在正在发生的情况相反,用现在时的虚拟形式would do。

如:
If it had not been raining too much, the crops would be growing much better. 如果天不下太多的雨的话,庄稼会长得更好。

本题是第一种用法,从句的动作与过去事实相反,而主句的动作与现在或现在正在发生的事实不符,所以从句用过去完成时形式,主句用现在时和将来时形式。

13.I wouldn’t have punched him if it ________ for the fact that he ________ to apologize to me yesterday.
A.were not; refused B.were not; had refused
C.had not been; refused D.had not been; had refused
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】
考查虚拟语气和时态。

句意:如果不是昨天他拒绝向我道歉这个事实的话,我就不会揍他。

第一空是过去完成时态,表示与过去的事实相反;第二空陈述过去一个事实,用一般过去时态。

故选C。

14.If the president had visited the hospital this morning, it ________ the headline in tomorrow's paper.
A.will be B.could be C.had been D.was
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】
试题分析:考查虚拟语气的用法。

由had visited可以判断条件状语从句里是对过去的虚拟,而由tomorrow's paper可以看出主句是对将来的虚拟,谓语应该用过去式(用be 时用were不能用was)或were to do;故选B
虚拟条件句中,主、从句的动作若不是同时发生时,须区别对待。

①从句的动作与过去事实相反,而主句的动作与现在或现在正在发生的事实不符。

如:If I had worked hard at school, I would be an engineer now, too.
如果我在学校学习刻苦的话,我现在也会使工程师了
If they had informed us, we would not come here now.
如果他们通知过我们的话,我们现在就不会来这里了。

②从句的动作与现在事实相反,而主句的动作与过去事实不符。

如:
If he were free today, we would have sent him to Beijing.
如果他今天有空的话,我们会已经派他去北京了。

考点:考查混合虚拟语气的用法。

点评:本题较难。

混合虚拟对于学生来说是难点,学生看到了this morning,误选C,本题的关键在于对于find这个动词的时态判定上。

即学即练:You _______ much better now if you had taken my advice.
A.will be B.would be C.had been D.was
解析:B句意:假若你当时听我的话,你现在就会好多了。

15.Cristiano Ronaldo, who won four Champions League titles in nine seasons, makes it compulsory that, _______ you must remember, in order to succeed you ____ optimistic. A.what; are B.as; will be
C./; must be D.which; be
【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】
考查定语从句和虚拟语气。

句意:克里斯蒂亚诺·罗纳尔多,在九个赛季中赢得了四次冠军联赛的冠军,你必须要记住,为了取得成功,你必须保持乐观。

本句的第一个空是定语从句的关系词,which指代前面的句子。

第二个空是虚拟语气should be optimistic,其中的should省略。

第二句是考查名词从句,其中it是形式宾语,真正的宾语是that in order to succeed you (should) be optimistic.英语中it is compulsory that…从句中要用虚拟语气should do…,should可省略。

句中的should省略了。

分析选项可知D项符合题意,故选D项。

16.Without your timely help during the accident, I ________ to the interview.
A.mustn’t have made it B.can’t make it
C.couldn’t have made it D.shouldn’t make it
【答案】C
【解析】
【分析】
【详解】
考查虚拟语气。

句意:在意外事故中没有你及时的帮助,我不可能及时赶上面试。

根据句中的“Without your timely help”考虑句子是一个含蓄的虚拟条件句,主句需要使用虚拟语气,结合句意判断是对过去情况的虚拟,需要使用would/could/should/might+have done的形式。

故选C。

17.—It rained cats and dogs this morning. I’m glad we took an umbrella.
—Yeah, we would have got wet all over if we ________ .
A.didn’t B.hadn’t
C.haven’t D.don’t
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】
考查虚拟语气及省略。

句意:—今天早晨雨下得很大。

很高兴我们带了雨伞。

—是的,如果我们没有带伞,全身都会湿透的。

分析句子可知,表示对过去发生的事情的虚拟,if从
句里要使用过去完成时“had done”,主句部分使用“情态动词+have done”,B项承前省略了taken an umbrella。

故选B项。

【点睛】
虚拟语气用在条件状语从句中,通常从句由连词if引导。

1. 与现在事实相反的虚拟条件句
构成:
条件状语从句主句
If +主语+动词过去式主语+ would, should, could, might+原形动词(be的过去式用were)
例如:If I feared death, I wouldn't be a communist.(刘胡兰)怕死就不做共产党员。

If there were no air, we couldn't live. 如果没有空气,我们就不能生活。

2. 与过去事实相反的虚拟条件句
构成:
条件状语从句主句
If + 主语 + had done
主语 + would, should, could, might + have + 过去分词
例如:
If you had come a few minutes earlier, you would have met him.
如果你早来几分钟,你就会碰上他。

If there had been no air in the tube, the result of the experiment would have been more accurate.如果试管中没有空气,实验结果就会更精确。

3. 与将来事实相反的虚拟条件句
构成:
条件状语从句主句
If + 主语+ should +原形动词主语+would, should, could, might或were+不定式动词
例如:
If he were to come tomorrow, things would be easier.
假如他明天会来,事情就容易办了。

If the sand should be broken up, it would give out much energy.
如果沙子能被分解,它会释放出大量的能量。

注:在表示与将来事实相反的虚拟条件句中,从句中的should有时可以省略。

如:
If he make the design, he might do it in some other way.
要是他来搞这个设计,他可能用另外的方法设计。

18.The old professor insisted that the problem requiring paying attention to .
A.was discussed B.would be discussed
C.be discussed D.being discussed
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】
考查虚拟语气。

句意:老教授坚持要讨论那个需要注意的问题。

insist表示“坚持要求”时,其后的宾语从句要用should do的虚拟语气,其中should可以省略,其discuss与主语problem是被动关系,故C项正确。

【点睛】
在表示建议、坚持、要求、命令等词后的宾语从句中,要用should do的虚拟语气,本题中,requiring paying attention to作后置定语修饰the problem,所以to后不用动名词作宾语。

19.I would rather you_______ at the moment so that we can hear the speech.
A.keep quiet B.kept quiet C.stay at home D.you stay at home.【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】
考查虚拟语气。

句意:我宁愿你现在保持安静以便于我们能够听演讲。

动词短语would rather后面的宾语从句要用虚拟语气,句中使用一般过去时表示与现在的情况相反,用过去完成时表示与过去的情况相反。

根据后半句中的“can”可知本句使用一般过去时表示与现在的情况相反,故B项正确。

20.If you had brought your swimming suit with you, we ___________ swimming in the lake now. A.could go B.could have gone
C.can go D.have gone
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】
考查虚拟语气的错综条件句。

句意:如果你带了游泳衣,我们现在就可以去湖里游泳了。

这是一个虚拟语气的错综条件句,从句表示与过去的事实相反,主句表示与现在的事实相反,与现在事实相反的假设,其主句句子结构为:主语 + would (should, could, might )+动词原形+其他,故选A。

【点睛】
虚拟语气的错综条件句,从句和主句要根据各自发所生的时间选用符合具体时间的虚拟语气形式
1.从句表示过去,主句表示现在。

If they had stared the early morning yesterday, they would be here now.
2.从句表示将来,主句表示过去。

If I were not to make a preparation for my experiment this afternoon, I would have gone to
see the film with you last night。

3.从句表示过去,主句表示将来。

If we hadn't made adequate preparations, we shouldn't dare to do the experiment next week。

4.从句表示将来,主句表示现在。

If we shouldn't have an exam this afternoon. I would go shopping now.
21.--- Thank you for reminding me of the time, or I late for the flight yesterday.
--- Don’t mention it.
A.will have been B.would have been
C.must be D.could be
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】
考查虚拟语气。

句意:“谢谢你提醒我时间,否则昨天我要迟到了。

”“不客
气。

”would+have+done表示对过去事情的假设,意思是“本来会做”。

故B选项正确。

22.If she ________ generous as she makes out she would have donated more money in the catastrophe.
A.had been B.were
C.would be D.was
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】
考查虚拟语气。

从句首的if(如果)与主句的would have done(早就做…)可判断本题考查虚拟语气,并且根据主句时态可以判断是与现在事实相反的假设,所以if从句用一般过去式,be动词要用were。

虚拟语气中,be动词的一般过去时只能用were不能用was,故选B。

【点睛】
If条件句引导的虚拟语气,一般有三种形式。

与现在事实相反:If +主语+did(be用were),主语+would/should/might/could+动词原形。

与过去事实相反:If +主语+had done,主语
+would/should/might/could + have done。

与将来事实相反:If +主语+were to do/should do,主语+would/should/might/could+动词原形。

虚拟语气做题方法是在正常时态上往前推一个时态,用往前推了时态表达虚拟的不真实性。

只要学生记住我们上边列出的这三种形式,做题是轻而易举的。

23.The workers were not better organized, otherwise they ________ the task in half the time. A.accomplished B.had accomplished
C.would accomplish D.would have accomplished
【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】
考查虚拟语气。

句意:工人们没有被更好的组织起来,否则他们用一半的时间就能完成任务。

根据上句the workers were not better organized可知,这是对过去事情的虚拟。

表示与过去事实相反的假设,其句子结构为:从句:If+主语+过去完成时+其他,主句:主语
+should(would, could, might)+现在完成时+其他,故选D。

24.This car is important to our family. We would repair it at our expense _______ it break down within the first year.
A.could B.would
C.might D.should
【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】
考查情态动词和虚拟语气。

句意:这辆车对我们家很重要。

如果在第一年内发生故障,我们将自费修理。

A. could能;B. would会;C. might也许会;D. should应该。

分析句子可知,本句为if引导的虚拟条件句,表示与将来事实相反的假设,从句为:sb should do sth,主句为:sb would/could/might/should do。

当if引导的虚拟条件从句中含有had, were, should等时,如将if省略,则要将had, were, should等移到主语前构成部分倒装句。

故D 选项正确。

【点睛】
if虚拟条件句和对应主句的动词形式列表:
当if引导的虚拟条件从句中含有had, were, should等时,如将if省略,则要将had, were, should等移到主语前构成部分倒装句。

分析句子可知,本句为if引导的虚拟条件句,表示与将来事实相反的假设,从句为:sb should do sth, 主句为:sb would/could/might/should do。

当if引导的虚拟条件从句中含有had, were, should等时,如将if省略,则要将had, were, should等移到主语前构成部分倒装
句。

因前面从句已经用了would,所以主句应该用should。

故D选项正确。

25.John did not feel well yesterday; otherwise he _______to see his classmates off.
A.came B.would come C.would have come D.should be coming 【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】
考查虚拟语气。

句意:约翰昨天感到不舒服;否则,他就会去机场给朋友送行了。

表示同过去事实相反时,otherwise后的句子的谓语部分应用“would have done”形式。

Otherwise
相当于if he had felt well,是隐含的虚拟语气,从句用would have done表示和过去相反的虚拟语气。

故选C项。

【点睛】
考查虚拟语气要注意隐含的虚拟语气,如otherwise,without,but for等,还要注意主从句的时间不一致时,要区别对待。

26.– But for your timely warning, we _______ into great trouble.
–You know we’re friends.
A.would get B.must have got C.would have got D.have got
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】
考查虚拟语气。

句意:–要不是你及时的警告,我们会遇到很大的麻烦。

–你知道我们是朋友。

分析句子可知,but for表示暗含的某种的条件,是含蓄条件句,主句要用虚拟语气,本句为对过去的虚拟,应用would have done,故选C。

27.Would you rather I _____ buying a new bike?
A.decided against B.will decide against
C.have decided D.shall decide against
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】
考查虚拟语气。

句意:你希望我决定不买新自行车吗?would rather后接宾语从句表示愿望时,从句常用一般过去式(动词be用were)表示对现在或知将来的愿望的虚拟,that常被省略。

分析句子可知,句子是对现在的虚拟,要用一般过去时态;decide against意为“决定不做……”。

故选A。

【点睛】
would rather后接句子时,句子谓语习惯上要用虚拟语气,具体用法为:
1.一般过去时表示现在或将来的愿望
I'd rather you came next Saturday. 我宁愿你下星期六来。

I'd rather you were happy. 我愿你快乐。

I'd rather Jack left on an earlier train. 我宁愿杰克乘前一班火车走。

2. 用过去完成时表过去的愿望
I'd rather you hadn't said it. 我真希望你没有这样说过。

I'd rather you hadn't done that. 我宁愿你没这样做。

分析本句可知,would rather后接宾语从句表示愿望时,从句常用一般过去式(动词be用were)表示对现在或知将来的愿望的虚拟,that常被省略。

分析句子可知,句子是对现在的虚拟,要用一般过去时态;decide against意为“决定不……”。

故选A。

28.What a pity! The parents could have survived the earthquake, __________ to save their child.
A.had they not come back B.have they come back
C.did they not come back D.did they come back
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】
考查省略if的条件句。

句意:真遗憾!如果不是回来救孩子,这对父母本可以在地震中幸存下来。

分析句子可知,此处为if引导的虚拟条件句,与过去事实相反,从句的谓语动词为had come back,if可以省略,这时从句要用倒装语序,即把had置于句首。

从句“if they had not come back”省略if,提前had,句子写成“had they not come back”。

故选A项。

【点睛】
if引导的虚拟条件句,当从句的谓语动词含有were,should,had时,if可以省略,这时从句要用倒装语序,即把were,should,had等词置于句首。

29.But for his determination to stick it out, he ______ it as a top-ranked player in tennis. A.shouldn't have made B.could make
C.wouldn't have made D.wouldn't make
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】
考查虚拟语气。

句意:要不是他坚持到底的决心,他就不会成为一流的网球选手。

but for 表示“要不是、倘若没有”,需要用虚拟语气,属于隐含虚拟条件句,根据“his determination to stick it out”可知此处表示对过去情况的虚拟,主句谓语用would(not)+have done,故C项正确。

30.Had Mary not been hurt in the car accident, ________ the next week’s marathon.
A.she would run B.she would have run
C.she will run D.she must have run
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】
考查虚拟语气。

句意:如果玛丽没在汽车事故中受伤,她会参加下一周的马拉松比赛。

因为她受了伤,不能参加下周的比赛了,所以这里的下周是从过去某时间算起的下周,前一句是省略if的条件句,主句表示与过去事实相反,用would have done,故选B。

【点睛】
If引导的虚拟语气
1. 对现在情况的假设:表示说话时不存在或与事实相反的情况,形式:If+主语+did,主语+should/would/could + do。

例句:
If you knew English well, you would be able to talk with foreigners freely.
2. 对过去情况的假设:表示与过去事实相反的情况。

形式:If+主语+had done,主语
+should/would /could + have done。

例句:
If I had not studied hard, I might have failed in the exam.(事实是我通过考试了)
3. 对将来情况的假设:表示将来实现可能性不大的情况。

形式:If+主语+did/were to do /should do, 主语+should /would /could do。

例句:
If he should change his mind, what would we do?
if的省略:在正式文体中,有时可把虚拟条件句中的连词if省去,这时从句需要采用倒装语序,即:将were,had,should等助动词提到主语前面,主句不做任何变化。

例句:Should it rain tomorrow, we would stay at home.
错综时间:所谓错综时间是指主句和从句的动作不是发生在同一时间,这时,需要根据意思选用表示不同时间的虚拟语气形式。

例句:If I were you, I would have taken his advice.(从句表示现在时间,主句表示过去时间),句意:我要是你,就听他的建议了。

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