2021版新高考英语人教版一轮基础练：Step 4 必修5 Unit 3

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核心素养认识现在, 展望未来, 激发想象力, 培养学生的创新精神和科学素养
高考链接2019·全国卷Ⅰ·C; 2019·全国卷Ⅱ·D; 2018·全国卷Ⅰ·D; 2018·江苏高考·D;
2018·天津高考·C; 2017·全国卷Ⅰ·D; 2017·北京高考·D; 2017·天津
高考·C
Ⅰ. 话题与高考阅读理解
(2018·天津高考·C) There’s a new frontier in 3D printing that’s beginning to come into focus: food. Recent development has made possible machines that print, cook, and serve foods on a mass scale. And the industry isn’t stopping there.
Food production
With a 3D printer, a cook can print complicated chocolate sculptures and beautiful pieces for decoration on a wedding cake. Not everybody can do that — it takes years of experience, but a printer makes it easy. A restaurant in Spain uses a Foodini to “r e-create forms and
pieces” of food that are “exactly the same, ” freeing cooks to complete other tasks. In another restaurant, all of the dishes and desserts it serves are 3D-printed, rather than farm to table.
Sustainability(可持续性)
The global population is expected to grow to 9. 6 billion by 2050, and some analysts estimate that food production will need to be raised by 50 percent to maintain current levels. Sustainability is becoming a necessity. 3D food printing could probably contribute to the solution. Some experts believe printers could use hydrocolloids (水解胶体) from plentiful renewables like algae(藻类) and grass to replace the familiar ingredients(烹饪原料). 3D printing can reduce fuel use and emissions. Grocery stores of the future might stock “food” that lasts years on end, freeing up shelf space and reducing transportation and storage requirements.
Nutrition
Future 3D food printers could make processed food healthier. Hod Lipson, a professor at Columbia Univ ersity, said, “Food printing could allow consumers to print food with customized nutritional content, like vitamins. So instead of eating a piece of yesterday’s bread from the supermarket, you’d eat something baked just for you on demand. ”
Challenges
Despite recent advancements in 3D food printing, the industry has many challenges to overcome. Currently, most ingredients must be changed to a paste(糊状物) before a printer can use them, and the printing process is quite time-consuming, because ingredients interact with each other in very complex ways. On top of that, most of the 3D food printers now are restricted to dry ingredients, because meat and milk products may easily go bad. Some experts are skeptical about 3D food printers, believing they are better suited for fast food restaurants than homes and high-end restaurants.
【文章大意】本文属于科普性说明文, 主要介绍了打印食物的一些知识。

1. What benefit does 3D printing bring to food production?
A. It helps cooks to create new dishes.
B. It saves time and effort in cooking.
C. It improves the cooking conditions.
D. It contributes to restaurant decorations.
【解析】选B。

细节理解题。

根据第二段中的“it takes years of experience, but a printer makes it easy”可知打印食物耗时少; 第二段中后面的两个例子则说明了打印食物可以减少人们的付出。

2. What can we learn about 3D food printing from Paragraph 3?
A. It solves food shortages easily.
B. It quickens the transportation of food.
C. It needs no space for the storage of food.
D. It uses renewable materials as sources of food.
【解析】选D。

细节理解题。

根据“from plentiful renewables like algae and. . . ”可知, 打印食物的原料是可再生的。

3. According to Paragraph 4, 3D-printed food .
A. is more available to consumers
B. can meet individual nutritional needs
C. is more tasty than food in supermarkets
D. can keep all the nutrition in raw materials
【解析】选B。

推理判断题。

根据本段中的“Food printing could allow consumers to print food with customized nutritional content. . . you’d eat something baked just for you on demand. ”可知消费者可以根据自己的需求定制化地做出自己需要的食品来满足自己的需求。

4. What is the main factor that prevents 3D food printing from spreading widely?
A. The printing process is complicated.
B. 3D food printers are too expensive.
C. Food materials have to be dry.
D. Some experts doubt 3D food printing.
【解析】选C。

细节理解题。

根据第五段中的“On top of that, most of the 3D food printers now are restricted to dry ingredients, because meat
and milk products may easily go bad. ”可知“最困难的是食物打印需要干的材料, 因为肉类和奶制品容易变质。

”
5. What could be the best title of the passage?
A. 3D Food Printing: Delicious New Technology
B. A New Way to Improve 3D Food Printing
C. The Challenges for 3D Food Production
D. 3D Food Printing: From Farm to Table
【解析】选A。

主旨大意题。

文章属于总分结构, 第一段是总, 其余段落是分。

第一段的首句又是第一段的核心。

由首段首句可知食物打印是3D打印的尖端项目。

development, estimate, replace, transportation,
话题词汇
advancement, 3D food printers
短语come into focus, contribute to, on demand, interact with stock n. 股票➝vt. 存货; 贮备(新)
熟词新义
dry adj. 干的➝vt. 弄干vi. 变干(新)
微完形填空
Nutrition
Future 3D food printers could make processed food healthier. Hod Lipson, a professor at Columbia University, said, “ Food p rinting could 1consumers to print food with customized nutritional content,
like vitamins. So instead of eating a piece of yesterday’s bread from the supermarket, you’d eat something baked just for you on demand. ”
Challenges
Despite recent advancements in 3D food printing, the industry has many
2to overcome. Currently, most ingredients must be changed to a paste(糊状物) before a printer can use them, and the printing 3
is quite time-consuming, because ingredients interact with each other in very complex ways. On top of that, most of the 3D food printers now are 4to dry ingredients, because meat and milk products may easily go bad. Some experts are skeptical about 3D food printers, believing they are better 5for fast food restaurants than homes and high-end restaurants.
1. A. instruct B. require
C. allow
D. absord
【解析】选C。

考查动词辨析。

句意: 食物打印能让顾客用定制的营养物质来打印食物。

instruct指导; require要求; allow允许; absorb 吸收。

故选C。

2. A. advantages B. challenges
C. movements
D. characteristics
【解析】选B。

考查名词辨析。

句意: 尽管最近3D食物打印进步很快, 该工业还需要克服很多难题。

advantage优点; challenge挑战, 困难; movement运动; characteristic特点。

故选B。

3. A. process B. conclusion
C. technology
D. thought
【解析】选A。

考查名词辨析。

此处指打印的过程需要很多时间。

process 过程, 进程; conclusion结论; technology技术; thought思想。

故选A。

4. A. addicted B. allergic
C. exposed
D. restricted
【解析】选D。

考查形容词辨析。

句意: 大部分3D食物打印机局限于干的食材。

be addicted to沉溺于; be allergic to对……过敏; be exposed to暴露于; be restricted to局限于。

故选D。

5. A. suited B. eager
C. famous
D. grateful
【解析】选A。

考查形容词辨析。

句意: 一些专家对3D食物打印机表示怀疑, 认为它们比较适合快餐店。

suited适合; eager渴望; famous 出名; grateful感激。

故选A。

Ⅱ. 话题与高考写作
当今社会, 人类进入了人工智能(Artificial Intelligence, AI)的
新时代。

生活中人工智能或许能代替人类完成多方面的事情。

右图是一幅对未来街景的假想图。

请根据要求写一篇短文, 内容包括:
注意: 词数80左右。

Step 1要点写作根据汉语提示补全句子。

①正如在卡通图片中所看到的, 智能机器人应用于人类生活的各个方面。

As is shown in the cartoon, AI robots have been applied to every aspect of human life.
②它们可以做很多日常的任务, 比如不断地照顾老人, 在周围的地方遛狗。

They can do many daily tasks such as constantly attending to the elderly, walking a dog in surrounding places.
③毫无疑问, 先进的技术给我们带来了很多便利。

Undoubtedly, advanced technology has brought much convenience to us.
④和人类相比, 它不知疲倦, 能完成更多的工作, 这加快了生产的过程。

It can even complete more work than humans as it is tireless, and it can speed up the process of the production.
Step 2句式升级
⑤用同位语从句改写句③
There is no doubt that advanced technology has brought much convenience to us.
⑥用非限制性定语从句转换句④
It can even complete more work than humans as it is tireless, which can speed up the process of the production.
Step 3组句成篇运用关联词串连以上句子。

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【参考范文】
As is shown in the cartoon, AI robots have been applied to every aspect of human life. They can do many daily tasks such as constantly attending to the elderly, walking a dog in surrounding places, carrying heavy cases and playing sports with children.
There is no doubt that advanced technology has brought much convenience to us. In some special work environment, AI can help
human to get the job done. It can even complete more work than humans as it is tireless, which can speed up the process of the production. Simultaneously, it’s likely to lead to certain unemployment and heavy dependency. But it is not said that AI will take the place of or even destroy human.
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