单词联想记忆法高中版汇总

单词联想记忆法(高中版)
一：构词联想记忆
careful ness细心
care ful细心的careful ly细心地
care关爱、谨慎
care less粗心的careless ly粗心地
careless ness粗心
re act影响、反应react ion反应、反作用react ive反应的、活性的
actor男演员/actress女演员
act行动、表演ac tion动作、行动
act ive活泼的、活跃的act ivity活动
interac tion相互作用、互动
inter act相互作用、相互影响
interac tive交互式的、相互作用的
·前缀：通常改变词义
1、表示否定或相反意义的前缀
①un- “不”unlike unhappy untidy unfair uncover
②dis- “不”discover dismiss disappointed disagree, dislike
③in-/im- “不”,用于以c,b,m,p等开头的词。

impossible impolite impatient incorrect inexact indirect
④ir- “不”，用于以r开头的单词irregular
⑤il- “不”，用于以l开头的单词illegal
⑥mis- “错误地”mistake misuse mislead misunderstand
⑦non- “不”non-stop non-smoker non-fat non-alcoholic
2、表示其他意义的前缀：
①re- “再；又；重”。

rewrite review replay remind
②a- “...的”，多构成表语形容词。

alone alike alive afraid
③tele- “远程的”。

telephone television telescope
④en- “使”，构成动词。

enlarge enable encourage (反:discourage)
⑤inter- “关系相互”。

internet international interact interview
⑥pre- “预先,前” preview prewar predict preface prepare
⑦micro- “微型的”microscope microwave oven Microsoft
·后缀：通常改变词性,构成意思相近的其它词性的词；少数后缀同时会改变词义。

A.形容词性后缀：
1.-al “...的”national natural
2.-able “可以...的”eatable drinkable unbelievable imaginable
3.-an/ian “国家的,国人的” American Asian African Canadian
4.-ern “方向的” eastern southern western northern
5.-ful “...的”careful usefull helpful meaningful hopeful
6.-less “无...的” careless useless helpless meaningless hopeless
7.-ese “国家的,国人的”Chinese Japanese Vietnamese
9.-ly “...的”friendly yearly monthly lovely
10.-y “...天气的” cloudy hazy foggy rainy
11.-ous “...的”famous humorous dangerous
12.-ish “...似的” childish selfish
13.-en “...(颜色)的,... (制成)的”golden wooden woolen
14.-ive “...的” active positive negative
15.-proof “防...的”waterproof fireproof soundproof
16.-free“无...的” care-free sugar-free duty-free tax-free trouble-free
B.动词后缀：
1.-fy “使...”beautify magnify
2.-en “使...”widen sharpen loosen lengthen strengthen
C.副词后缀
1.-ly “...地”badly happily easily slowly
2.-ward “朝...方向” backward forward eastward westward
D.名词后缀：
1.-ment “某事” agreement moment disappointment treatment
2.-ness “某事” happiness business carefulness
3.-tion “某事” explanation suggestion dictation prediction
4.-er “人” buyer waiter westerner interviewer
5.-or “人” actor sailor visitor conductor
6.-ist “人” pianist scientist chemist artist
7.-ess “女性、雌性” actress stewardess empress tigeress
8.-ful “...的量” mouthful handful teaspoonful
9.-th “某事” truth length warmth strength
10.-sion “某事” decision conclusion
11.-ee “人”,被动interviewee employee
12.-ian 表示“人” musician magician politician physician
13.-er “某物”cooker sharpener stapler
14.-ance /-ence“某事” importance independance attendance patience
E.数词后缀
1.-teen “十几” thirteen fifteen nineteen
2.-ty “几十”thirty fifty ninty
3.-th “第...” fifth sixth seventeenth
一、用所给单词的适当形式填空
基础练习
1.The little girl was (happy) about her torn dress.
2.If you (agree) with others,you should communicate more with them.
3.It’s (polite) to talk loudly in public.
4.He must have (understand) you for he didn’t follow your directions correctly.
5.You handwriting is terrible,please (write) it soon.
6.Our teacher always (courage) us to help each other in our study.
7.It’s a good learning habit to (view) before classes.
8.Who designed the (nation) flag of China.
9.Many types of plants and flowers are (eat) in Y unnan.
10.What’s the difference between British English and (America) English.
11.It is (use) to cry over spilt milk.
12.They called off the football match because it was (rain).
13.He won the first prize by cheating.That’s (fair).
14.Who (cover) the gold mine here?
15.fortunately,he was still (live) after the fierce battle.
16.Few people were satisfied with the nurse because she was (patient) to patients.
17.I hope the football match will be (play) for I missed it.
18.I feed the little bird with a (hand) of rice.
19.It was (believe) that such a hard-working student failed the NCEE.
20.Reading can (broad) our mind.
21.He’s been to a lot of (west) countries so far.
22.He made a lot of mistakes in the exam because he was too (care).
23.A dictionary is very (help) in English study.
24. (China) people are considered (friend) to (visit) from home and abroad.
25.Yunnan is (fame) for its plants and wild animals.
26.There is a small (wood) table in the centre of the room.
27.His name is Nohara Shinnosuke,he’s a (love) and (act) boy.
28.The firemen were wearing (fire) outfits which can protect them from the fire.
29.Chewing (sugar) gum is not (harm) to your teeth.
30.The teacher agreed to (long) the time since the exam was too difficult.
31.As long as you work hard,you will pass the exam much more (easy).
32.Walk (east) till you see a tree near the lake.
33.Guasha is a (treat) in traditional Chinese medicine.
34.What is real (happy)?That is to stay with those who you care about.
35.Could you please give me some (suggest) on my English study.
36.Feng Xiaogang is one of the most popular movie (direct) in China.
37.The (art) give us a talk on Chinese painting.
38.The (steward) tried her best to comfort the frightened passengers on the plane.
39.Please put a (teaspoon) of salt into gthe soup.
40.To tell you the (true), he has already made his own (decide).
41.The (music) had composed many piece of music at the age of 16.
42.Which is the (one) day of a week,Monday or Sunday?
43.He nodded his (agree).
44.A pencil (sharp) is used to (sharp) pencils.
45.It was very (self) of him to eat the whole cake without sharing.
46.More and more laws are made for the interest of (buy).
47.To our (disappoint),the famous (write)didn’t come to our school.
48.It’s (comfort) to sit by a fire on such a freezing day.
49.It’s (danger) to hang out alone at night.
50.Please listen to me (careful).
拓展提高
1.How can a sparrow understand the (ambitious) of a swan?
2.Isn’t it a great (pleasant)to meet friends from (far)?
3. (relent) disease is engulfing your healthy brain cells,and a new vegetable will be born.
4.Giving presents is out of (fashionable) now,but friendly relations
are (consider) very important.
5.Take (you) seriously but do not go too far.
6.Even if it is not (legal) to kill,I wouldn’t kill anyone.My conscience will be tortured by the guilt if I do (something) to others.I am meant not to be a villain,even if I try to be one.
7.You’re so (distinguish)，but I’m just an ordinary person.I’m (capable) of (get) even a hint of what you are thinking.
8.You (shame) way is beyond my (imagine).
9.My advantage is that I am handsome,but my (advantage)is that the
(handsome) is not obvious.
10.I have to go for an (enter) examination and I need to go back to books.My (apologize).
11.Is it out of your (expect)?
12.I curse your (buy)instant noodles without flavoring bags.
13.It goes without (say) that...
14. (limit) dream, (bound) stage.
15.My worship to you is like the (surge) river,as,well as the
(control) Yellow River flood.
16.You used to bear a tangled (express),but now it shrinks like a balloon.
17.Life is like the song of (disturb),which is profoundly affecting although there are no exact words in it.
18. I will stop (love)you when an apple grows on a mango tree on the 30 day of February.
19.Now,I am not as (attract) as before.My hair is turning grey,more wrinkles on the face,and the two lily-white front teeth have already retired with honor. 20.That old woman is (ugly) than you.Ah,it’s not like that. I mean she is not as (ugly) as you.Whoops, no, I really mean that you are (ugly) than her.
21. (finish)winter vacation homework means you spend one month
(do) it well,and what your teacher does is (write) a WELL DONE.
22.Without (talk) big, I used to be an (attract) girl with thin eyebrows and red lips.Many people were (attract) by me, (include) my neighbor,named Wu Laoer,who got (tremble)the moment he saw me.
23.My name is Guo Degang,a (name) cross-talker in China.
24.In the examination,the boy threw a nervous glance at the teacher, who was obviously suspicious of his (cheat).
25.What a grand scene on the day of autograph sale! A (deaf) sound of gongs and drums,firecrackers chirp,red flags in the breeze and a sea of people.the wild crowd even wedged me under the table, (leave) the pile of books in a total mess. 26.-Gossip,absolute gossip...any (lead) without news is not a (lead).Any celebrity (with) scandal is not a celebrity...Life is difficult.
(be) a woman is difficult.
- (be) an old woman celebrity...is difficult.
27.Both men and demons have their mothers,with the only (different) of that men’s mothers are woman while demons’ mothers are demons.
(be) a devil is the same as (be) a human.That is to say that we should be kind. If we are kind,we are not a devil,we are a hybrid.
28.How many brothers and sisters do you have?Are your parents (live)? Hey,speak up!I just want to make a new friend when I’m going to die.
29. -What is the most scary part of all?You know?That is to die (leave)
your money (use).
-What is more scary?That is to be (leave) living with your money gone.
30.What I eat is not noodles but (lonely).
31.Dear friends,order (quick) by (pick) up landline or moblie or motor or generator by your side to call us through the hotline.
32.-Ah,are you happy in the past six years,sir?
- (absolute).Every day I sing the duet with more than 10
(marry)women...
33.Ah!We are (origin) from the same village.You were (feed) up by the millet of folks,and the beard is full of stories.Remember?
35.-When did you two get (marry)?
-We engaged in 1958. - (probable) in winter.
36.Your idea of (consume) is not correct.Look at me. (fame) brand all over-my shoes,Adidas;my pants,Pushkin; my dress,Clinton; and my belt,Yeltsin.You see,in my bag are all world first-class brand cosmetics.What I use is the same as that of the American singer Madonna.
37.Hello,this is (lend)you eyes and (guard)against (cheat) Hotline.I am a senior fool,Fan.
38.What on earth is love,that makes lovers vow to stick together in (live)
and (die)?There is always one thing to conquer (other).
39.Mo Xiaobei, such (behave) of yours is (shame)!
(extraodinary) (shame)!
40.Help me to take care of my (seven)uncle and his (three)niece.
41.Great, (space) and beautiful is our beloved motherland.
42. (friend) is like earthenware:once (break),can still be mended.
43.My life is (pain) happy.
44.Your shameless (behave) quite rhymes with that of (I) once upon a time.
45.There is no rule that has no (except).
46.Please enjoy the pain if it is (avoid)。

47. (honor) on you, (honor) on your cow.
48.Thank you,but I found your (evil) is extremely (annoy).
49.I’m a slow (walk),but I never walk backward.
50.China’s football team was (quarlity) to enter the finals by sheer luck.
二、补全句子。

1.The (婚礼) guest list is completely up to your guys.
2.Is this (移民出境)of intelligence to become an (问题)as absorbing as the (移民入境) of strong muscle.
3.You (负责) to support the family and I am for my beauty.
4.The seniors were told to stop (示威) on compus.
5.The host (招待，娱乐) the company since 10:00 in the morning.
6.- (时尚) is an (态度).
7.The (宁静)of early morning is (给...留下印象的)。

8.In an age of plenty,we feel (精神)hunger.
9.Any advice and (批评) is warmly welcomed about this book.
10. (无知) is the mother of fear as well as of (羡慕).
11.What a (天才) you are!
12.My duty,my (奉献),my happiness.
13.Look at the Colony of Cranes with water rippling all around.What a
(天堂) it is!
14. (智慧) everywhere.
15. (饮料) not included.
16. (质量) never goes out of style.
17.Beyond your (想象力).
18. (沉默) like a cancer grows.
19.-Excuse me,give me a dish of (寂寞) please.
-Sorry,sir.What we only have is (空虚).
-Isn’t there (幸福) or joy?
-Well,just some from the gray market.
-Do you have (真心).
-Yeah.
-Give me one,please. With some . (诺言)
-Today, (诺言) are nothing but empty words.
20. (非常) Cola. (非常)choice.
三、首字母填空。

zy the sheep is what we want to be,big big wolf is the p husband.
2.A book, tightly s , is but a block of paper.
3.It’s not the fall that kills you, it’s the s stop at the end.
4.Everything makes s when we are together.
5.Whether you believe it or not,I am c .
6.W or u , you’ll have to go.
7.It can not be e in details.
8.Beggars can not be c .
9.Work fascinates me,I can watch it for hours.
10.The r of these adds zest to his life.
11.You can incur anything but t ,you can touch off anything but e .
12.The speed of rising prices always o savings.
13.Since everyone else is acting so s , I have to act like a joker.
14.To achieve salvation as soon as one gives up evil.
15.English has hurt me a t times,still I r it as my first love.
16.Confucius: No nap noon, b afternoon.
Mencius: Confucius is right.
17.Guo:My great a is to be a man like you,Dr.Lv.
Lv:Like me?Good for n is a scholar.
Guo:Beside nothing,you have got e .
18.The s of the computer is that it can not make coffee for you.
19.Money is not everything,but having no money is totally u .
20.Aren’t we familiar s .
二、对比联想记忆
(一)同义词:
abandon, desert, forsake, leave, give up 抛弃、放弃
abandon:强调被迫或自愿永远或完全放弃或抛弃人或事物等。

desert:着重指违背法律责任和义务,或自己的信仰与誓言的行为,多含非难的意味。

forsake:侧重断绝感情依恋,自愿抛弃所喜欢的人或物。

也指抛弃信仰或改掉恶习。

leave:指舍弃某事或某一职业,或终止同某人的关系,但不涉及动机与结果。

give up:普通用语,侧重指没有希望或因外界压力而放弃。

ability, capacity, capability, genius, talent, competence, faculty, gift, aptitude能力,才能
ability:普通用词,指人先天的或学来的各种能力。

capacity:侧重指人的潜在能力,通常不指体力,多指才智,尤指接受与领悟能力。

capability:多用于人,指胜任某项具体工作的能力,也指本身具有、尚未发挥的潜在能力。

常与of或for连用。

genius:语气最强,指天赋的高度才能与智力。

talent:着重指人某方面具有可发展和倍养的突出天赋才能,但语意比genius弱。

competence:正式用词,指令人满意的业务能力与水平,达到胜任某项工作等的要求。

faculty:指特殊的才能或智力。

gift:着重个人的天赋的才能或在某方面的显著本领,常暗含不能用一般规律作解释的意味。

aptitude:多指先天或后天习得的运用自如的能力,常暗示接受能力强,能迅速掌握一种学术训练或艺术技巧。

able, capable, competent有能力的,能干的
able:最常用词,多用于褒义,着重指多方面的,经常性的,或潜在性的能力。

有时也指高超、非凡的能力。

capable:语气弱于able,指有能力、有潜力或有条件做某事,常与of连用。

competent:强调具有能胜任某项工作的足够技能或其它所需的条件。

abolish, cancel, repeal取消、废除
abolish:正式用词,指彻底废除某种制度、规章或习俗。

cancel:用法广泛,多指取消债务、合同、证书、比赛、旅行、计划或约会等。

repeal书面用词,指撤销立法机关通过的协议、法案或法律等。

about, around, round在周围、在附近
about:既可表静态,也可表动态。

around:主要用于美国,静态或动态均可。

round:主要用于英国,多半指动态。

above, on, over在……上
above:一般指位置高于某物,但不一定在正上方,也不接触另一物,其反义词是below。

on:指与另一物表面相接触。

over:一物在另一物的垂直上方,多暗示悬空,也指“覆盖于…之上”。

其反义词是under。

absorb, suck, digest, incorporate吸收
absorb:普通用词,词义广泛,既可指吸收光、热、液体等具体东西,又可指吸收知识等抽象概念的东西。

suck:作“吸收”解时,可与absorb换用,但还可有“吮吸”之意。

digest:侧重在消化道内改变食物的化学结构后被人体吸收。

incorporate:指一物或多物与它物相融合,形成一整体。

absurd, ridiclous荒谬的
absurd:普通用词,强调指违背常理的荒谬。

ridiclous:强调荒谬到令人发笑的地步。

abundant, plentiful, ample充分的、丰富的
abundant:着重某物极为丰富有或大量的供应。

plentiful:普通用词,指某物的数量多得称心如意,不过剩,但较少用于描写抽象之物。

ample:指某物不仅满足了需要而且有余。

accept, receive, admit, take接受、接纳
accept:强调主动地或自愿地接受,或者说,经过考虑后同意接受。

receive:着重仅仅接到或收到这一支轮船或事实,而不含采取主动或积极行动的意思。

admit:作“接受”讲时,强调准许或批准。

take与receive同意,是receive的日常用法,侧重不带主观意愿地收下或接受。

accident, incident, event, occurrence, happening事故、事件
accident:强调偶然或意外发生的不幸事情。

incident:既可指小事件或附带事件,又可指政治上具有影响的事件或事变。

event:可指任何大小事件,但尤指历史上的重大事件。

occurrence和happening日常生活中发生的一般事件,有时也指偶然发生的事。

accompany, conduct, attend, escort陪同,伴随
accompany:既可指人也可指物。

用于人时,侧重关系紧密或同时发生。

conduct:无论用于人或物均指引导带领。

attend:侧重主从关系,即下级对上级,学生对老师等,或表恭、服侍。

escort:通常指用车或人在陆上伴随、护送,其目的是保护或出于礼节。

accordingly, consequently, hence, so, therefore, thus因此,所以
accordingly:书面用词,强调根据某种原因而得出的结果,其前可用冒号或分号,但不用逗号。

consequently:正式用词,侧重符合逻辑的结果。

hence:较正式用词,指接下来的东西是理所当然的必需的东西,但强调其重要性。

so:用于比较随便的场合,口语中多用。

therefore:通常指引出一个推断出的必然结论。

thus:多用于书面语中,可与therefore换用。

account, report报道,叙述
account:普通用词,不如report正式,侧重对亲身经历或目睹之事所作的书面或口头的报道或叙述。

report:正式用词,多指报刊上的报道,强调对情况经过调查或审核后作出的详尽叙述,具有一定权威性。

accumulate, amass, collect, gather, heap, pile积聚,聚集
accumulate:几乎可用于指任何事物量的增加,侧重连续不断地,一点一滴地聚积。

amass:着重大量地积聚,尤指对如金钱、珠宝等有价值东西的大量积聚。

collect:普通用词,侧重指有区别地作选择或有安排有计划地把零散物集中起来。

gather:普通用词,指人或物或抽象事物都可用。

侧重于围绕一个中心的集合、聚集。

heap:主要指把沙、石、煤、草等堆高,不强调整齐。

pile:着重指比较整齐地把东西堆积在一起。

accurate, exact, precise, right, true, correct准确的,正确的
accurate:指通过谨慎的努力达到符合事实或实际,侧重不同程度的准确性,与事实无出入。

exact:着重在质与量方面的准确,语气比accurate强。

precise:侧重极端准确,更强调细节的精确无误。

right:使用广泛,可与correct换用,但常暗示道德、理解、行动等方面的正确。

true:暗指绝对准确,尤指复制品与原件丝毫不差。

correct:最常用词,主要指按一定标准或规则来衡量,没有谬误和差错或无缺点错误。

accuse, charge指控、谴责
accuse:普通用词,正式或非正式场合,私人或法律上均可用。

被指控的情节可轻可重。

常与of连用。

charge:常与accuse换用,但charge多指较严重的错误或罪行,而且往往向法庭提出正式起诉。

ache, pain, sore疼、疼痛
ache:指人体某一器官较持久的疼痛,常常是隐痛。

pain:可与ache换用,但pain既可指一般疼痛,也可指剧痛,疼痛范围可以是局部或全身,时间可长可短。

也可引申指精神上的痛苦。

sore:指身体某部位的痛处,有是也指精神上的痛苦。

acknowledge, admit, confess, recognize, concede承认
acknowledge:通常指公开承认某事的真实情况或自己的过错。

admit:强调因外力或良心驱使或经判断而明确承认,多含不情愿或被迫意味。

confess:语气较强,着重承认自己意识到的错误或罪行,含坦白忏悔的意味。

recognize:作“承认”解时,系书面用词,主要指合法的或外交上的承认,也指公认。

concede:指在事实与证据面前勉强或不得不承认。

acquire, obtain, gain, get, win, earn, secure获得、取得、得到
acquire:强调通过不断的、持续的努力而获得某物,也指日积月累地渐渐地获得。

书面语用词。

obtain:较正式用词,着重通过巨大努力、要求而得到所需或盼望已久的东西。

gain:侧重指经过努力或有意识行动而取得某种成就或获得某种利益或好处。

get:普通用词,使用广泛,可指以任何方式得到某物,也不一定要经过努力。

win:主要指通过努力、斗争、比赛等而获得胜利。

earn:侧重指依靠自己的劳动或因付出代价与有功而获得。

secure:强调要通过努力或竞争,或需要付出代价才能获得所渴望的东西。

across, along, over, through横过、穿过
across:指“从……的一边到另一边”,强调横过,多与动态动词连用。

along:指沿着一条直线在水平方向上运动。

一般表动态,有时也与静态动词连用。

over:常和动态动词连用,指“从……上面越过”或“横越”；表静态时,指“在彼处”。

through:侧重从一端穿到另一端。

act, action, deed, operation, performance行为、行动
act:一般指具体的、短暂的或个别的行为,强调行为的完成及其效果。

action:普通用词,着重行动的过程。

deed:较庄重用词,除泛指各种行为外,还可用于指某种高尚或伟大的行为,故常译作“功绩,业绩”。

operation:多指一连串行动或行为的完成方式。

performance:主要指行动的方式方法。

active, energetic, vigorous, brisk, lively积极的,活跃的
active:指有活动能力,强调与消极或休止相反的积极活动状态。

energetic:提精力充沛、奋力从事某事业。

vigorous:指不仅表现积极、有生气,而且固有精力和活力十分旺盛。

brisk:指动作敏捷、充满活力、轻快活泼地从事某项工作或活动。

lively:侧重支轮船快,机智,有生气。

actor, player, performer演员
actor:指在舞台剧、影视剧或广播剧中以演出为职业的男演员,侧重扮演的角色。

player:侧重指职业或业余舞台演员。

performer:使用广泛,不仅可指舞台或影视演员,而且可指舞蹈演员、乐器演奏等的演员,侧重在观众面前的实际表演。

adapt, adjust, conform, accommodate, suit, fit使适合,适应
adapt:指人或物在原有情况下作某些改变以适应新的环境或不同的条件,强调改变的目的和重要性。

adjust与adapt含义很接近,但adjust所改变的幅度要小一些,侧重过程,主要用于调整角度、高度、光点等。

conform:多指与某模式或规则相符,也引申指改变习惯等以适应新的环境。

accommodate:书面用词,指以外部条件标准改变自己或某事以求得适应,着重改变或调节的有利。

suit:指适合要求,从而使人满意愉快。

fit:含义广,指人或物适合或适应某一目的或用途。

addition, appendix, attachment, supplement, accessory附加物、增加物
addition:仅强调数量的增加。

appendix:指书末的附录。

attachment:指用于扩大原物用途的附件。

supplement:主要指使书、报等正广更完善而额外增加的部分。

accessory:作“附件”解时,与
attachment同义,可互换,但还指增加美观的附属品。

additional, extra, supplementary另加的,额外的
additional:由名词additon派生出的形容词,指在原有基础上添加上去的。

extra:指不包括本身而额外加上去的部分。

supplementary:由名词supplement派生而来,指对原有的追加或补究。

address, greet, salute, hail, welcome欢迎、致敬,致意,招呼
address:侧重打招呼的方式或指所使用的称谓。

greet:常指友好而热诚地欢迎。

salute:正式用词,指用敬礼、亲吻或挥帽等动作向他人致意或问候,尤指以某种礼节欢迎某人。

hail:主要指怀着敬意欢迎某人,侧重欢快轻松和嘈杂。

也指隔得较远的高声招呼。

welcome:多指热情的官方的或正式的迎接或欢迎,但也指一般的欢迎。

address, speech, lecture, oration, report, talk演讲,讲话,报告
address:正式用词,指在庄严隆重的场合作精心准备的演讲或正式演说。

speech:普通用词,指一般的发言或讲话,可以是事先准备的,也可以是即席的。

lecture:侧重带学术性的演讲。

oration:常指在特殊场合,辞藻华丽,形式庄重,旨在激发听众感情的正式演说。

report:一般是指下级给上级或负责人给委托机关的书面或口头报告。

talk:常用词,强调非正式讲话,讲话方式一般较为自由。

adequate, enough, sufficient足够的,充足的
adequate:指数量上足够,质量上适当。

enough:最普通用词,口语、书面语可用,较侧重分量或数量的足够,多指希望的满足。

sufficient:正式用词,侧重数目或数量或程度达到某一特定要求或需要。

admire, honour, respect, regard, esteem尊重、钦佩
admire:侧重指对某人或某物的仰慕、钦佩,并含欣赏爱慕之情。

honour:侧重指对某人或某物表示极大的敬意。

respect:指对人的行为、品德、才华或成就等的仰慕尊重。

尤指对年长或地位高的人的尊敬。

regard:最正式用词,中性,含义不很明确,一般需用修饰语加强或明确其意。

esteem:除表示尊敬之外,还暗示由此而产生的称赞。

advise, caution, warn, admonish, counsel劝告、忠告、警告
advise:普通用词,泛指劝告,不涉及对方是否听从劝告。

caution:主要指针对有潜在危险而提出的警告,含小心从事的意味。

warn:含义与caution相同,但语气较重,尤指重后果。

admonish:一般指年长者或领导对已犯错误的或有过失的人提出的忠告或警告以避免类似错误。

counsel:正式用词,语气比advise强一些,侧重指对重要问题提出的劝告、建议或咨询。

adult, grown-up, mature成年的,成熟的
adult:一般指生理上的童年期已结束,达到法定年龄。

grown-up:多用于口语,含义与adult基本相同,但更侧重脱离儿童阶段,已成大人,与childish意思相反。

mature:用于生物时,指完全长好了。

用于人时,指达到了生命的黄金时期,但所暗示的青少年和成年之间的界限不明显。

advance, progress, proceed, move on, go前进,行进,进展
advance:主要用于具体的人或物,也可指科学技术和运动等。

progress:指按某一既定目标前进,取得发展,目的性很明确,强调经常和稳定地前进。

proceed:侧重指继续前进。

move on:非正式用语,侧重从某一停止点向某地前进,但不表示前进的目的地。

go:最常用词,含义宽泛而不确切,依上文确定其具体意思。

advantage, benefit, interest, favour, profit, gain利益、好处
advantage:指因某方面占优势或利用某机会以及对方弱点而获得利益与好处。

benefit:普通用词,指通过正当手段从物质或精神方面得到的任何好处或利益。

interest:作“利益”解时,多用复数形式,既可指集团、群体的利益,又可指个人的利益。

favour:指在竞争中获得的advantage,也可指在狭隘的个人利益。

profit:着重收益,尤指从物质、钱财等方面获得的利益。

gain:指获得的物质利益,也暗示不损坏他人利益而得的无形好处。

advice, opinion, progposal, suggestion, recommendation, view意见、建议
advice:普通用词,侧重依据个人经验、学识和正确判断而提出的忠言。

opinion:日常用词,泛指对某事物的想法和意见。

progposal:指正式提出来供研究、采纳或实行的建议。

suggestion:普通用词,语气比advice婉转客气,也不如proposal正式。

着重为改进工作、解决困难等提出的建议,有时含所提建议不一定正确,仅供参考的意味。

recommendation:指在自己经历的基础上而提出的有益建议、意见或忠告。

view:侧重指对重大的或引起公众关注的问题所持的看法和态度。

aeroplane, airplane, aircraft, plane, jet, helicopter飞机
aeroplane和airplane专指普通飞机,不包括helicopter(直升飞机)。

aeroplane为英国英语的拼法。

airplane:为美国英语的用词。

aircraft:常用作集体名词,也可指一架飞机,其含义包括直升飞机和飞艇等。

plane:本义为“平面”,在航空专业里通常用aeroplane。

plane较通俗用词。

jet:指喷气式飞机,也用jet plane。

helicopter:指直升飞机。

affair, business, matter, concern, thing事情
affair:含义较广,侧重指已发生或必须去做的任何事情或事务。

复数形式多指重大或较复杂的事务。

business:通常指较重要或较难而又必须承担的事情,也可指商事。

matter:普通用词,着重指一件考虑中的或需要处理的事。

concern:往往强调与个人或团体利害有直接或重大关系的事。

thing:用作“事情”解时,词义较笼统、含糊,多用于指不很具体的事。

affect, influence, impress影响
affect:作主语通常是物而不是人,指一物对另一物产生的消极影响。

influence:侧重在思想、性格、行为等方面所产生的潜移默化的影响,也可指自然力的影响。

impress:强调影响既深刻又持久。

affection, love, attachment爱、热爱
affection:指对人的爱慕或深厚、温柔的感情,侧重感情的深沉。

love:比affection的语气更强。

表示一种难以控制的激情。

attachment:通常用于书面文字中,既可指对某人某物的喜欢,又可指出自理智对某人或某物的热爱,尤指长时间的爱。

afraid, fearful, awful, dreadful, frightful, terrible, horrible, terrific, appalling害怕的、可怕的
afraid:指由于胆小或怯懦而不敢说或做某事。

fearful:普通用词,既指外界情况变化而引起的恐惧,又指来自内心的害怕与焦虑。

awful:指威严得令人害怕或敬畏,有一定的感情色彩。

dreadful:指使人非常恐惧,毛骨悚然,也使人感到讨厌而退缩。

frightful:指使人陷入短暂的惊恐或产生毛骨悚然的感觉。

terrible:侧重指给人以长久的惊骇,极端的恐怖,令人难以忍受。

horrible:指因骇人听闻的丑恶而令人毛骨悚然,着重厌恶的成分多于害怕。

terrific:多指外表、形状或力量等的可怕。

appalling:指既令害怕又使人惊异、胆寒。

after, behind, at the back of在…后面
after和behind用来表地点时,前者强调的是顺序的先后,而后者侧重方向和位置的前后关系。

请比较:
The student sat after me.那个学生坐在我后面。

(我坐在他前面)。

The student sat behind me.那学生坐在我背后。

after与behind用于指时间时,前者强调时间的先后顺序,而后者则着重于表示“落后……”或“迟于……”的概念。

试比较:
Who ruled after James I?詹姆斯一世之后是谁统治的?
You are forty minutes behind schedule.你比规定的时间迟了40分钟。

after多用于表示因时间上的先后而造成顺序的前后场合,behind则常用于仅指位置上的前后关系。

请比较:
Please shut the door after you.请随手关门。

Please shut the door behind you.请关上你身后的门。

at the back of:这个前置词短语既可指具体的位置的先后,又可用于指抽象的概念。

afterward(s), later后来,以后
afterward(s)与later的不同之处有两点。

1.afterwards指一整段时间之后,一般不分具体时间连用,而later常指一个具体的时间点之后。

2.afterward(s)强调事物的先后顺序,。