英语辅修-学生学习资料-Simile 1

Simile
Simile：(明喻）
•It is a figure of speech which makes a comparison between two unlike elements having at least one quality or characteristic (特性)in common. dissimilar objects •To make the comparison, words like as, as...as, as if and like are used to transfer the quality we associate with one to the other.
•Similes compare two dissimilar objects, concepts (in most respects these two things are totally unlike, but actually are alike in some significant way) in order to suggest an unexpected likeness between the two.
What is a simile: A simile is a comparison of two different things that uses “like”or “as”
Four characteristics
• A simile is based on association and usually has four characteristics:
• 1 ) introduced by such comparative/ connecting/collective words as " like " , " as " , " as if " , " as though" , "be likened" ," similar to" , " be something of" , etc. and sometimes "than" ;
•2) involving two things, one of which being the primary term or tenor, the other secondary term or vehicle;
• 3 ) the two things involved should be completely different (across domains);
•4) the two things should be similar in at least one characteristic.
•The criterion of effectiveness of similes varies from person to person.
The quality that similes must possess:
Freshness
Originality
Structure:
英语的主体有三种说法：
(本体)：subject、Primary term or tenor
(喻体)：vehicle
•Secondary term
•reference
喻词Instrument\ comparative word \indicator of resemblance\ Acknowledging word connecting/collective words\ Simile marker
•Instruments:
•Like, as, as...as, as if , as though, what
•like
•Wit without learning is like a tree without fruit.
•有天资而无学识，好比树木不结果实。

•Education is like the life-giving spring breeze and rain.
•教育犹如春风化雨。

•sell like hot cakes畅销
•like a fish out of water很不自在, 格格不入
•
•like a donkey between two bundles of hay优柔寡断, 打不定主意
•like a drowned rat象落汤鸡
•like a rat in a hole瓮中之鳖一般
•like a hen on a hot girdle极不舒服
•like a cat on hot bricks
•like a hot knife through butter[口]非常容易地
•like a lamb驯顺地, 怯弱地, 天真地
•Like rats leave a sinking ship树倒猢狲散
•汗流浃背
•Sweat like a pig
•like flies大量[批]
•like hot cakes争先恐后地
•like a fish out of water
•如鱼离水, 不适应
•Like a duck to water
•如鱼得水
•She has taken to teaching like a duck to water.
•她教起书来驾轻就熟。

•As
•Love goes towards love, as schoolboys from their books; but love from love, towards school with heavy looks. Shakespeare
赴情人的约会，像学童抛开书本一样；和情人分别，像学童板着脸上学堂。

•She and her mother are as like as two peas. 她和她母亲长得一模一样.
•He is as blind as a beetle. 他的眼睛近视的很厉害。

•The boy was as cool as a cucumber throughout the action.
•在整个行动中这个男孩表现的非常沉着。

•Choose an author as you choose a friend.
•择书如择友。

•Mary is as proud as a peacock. She doesn’t talk with anybody.
•玛丽很高傲，她谁都不理。

（骄傲的人）
•Mr. Smith may serve as a good secretary, for he is as close as an oyster.
•史密斯先生可以当个好秘书, 因为他守口如瓶.
•
•喻体相同
•as green as grass草绿嫩
•as free as air自由自在
•as heavy as lead十分沉重
•as hard as a stone硬得像石头
•
•as hot as fire火热
•as light as a feather轻如鸿毛
•as still as death死寂
•as bold as a lion勇敢如雄狮
•as soft as water柔软似水
•一贫如洗
•As poor as a church mouse
•
•喻物不一样，译…时需要转换喻体：
•as timid as a rabbit
•胆小如鼠
•as stupid as a goose蠢得像猪
•as wet as a drowned rat 像个落汤鸡
•as scarce as hen's teeth凤毛麟角
•as dumb as an oyster守口如瓶
•as plentiful as blackberries多如牛毛
•as strong as a horse壮如牛
•as close as a clam[美]一毛不拔的，非常吝啬
•as quiet as a mouse鸦雀无声
•as cheap as dirt一文不值（像尘上一样不值钱）
than
• A home without love is no more than a body without a soul.
•没有爱的家庭无异于一个没有灵魂的躯体。

•He had no more idea of art than a cow. 他对艺术一窍不通。

•One cannot learn a foreign langue overnight any more than eat a meal in one mouthful. 一口吃不成胖子，一夜之间学不会一门外语。

虚拟句型As if 或as though
•My handwriting looks as if a swarm of ants, escaping from an ink bottle, had walked over a sheet of paper without wiping their legs. Sydney Smith
•我的笔迹，看来就像一大群蚂蚁从墨水里逃出来，没有把脚抹干净就在纸上四散奔跑过似的。

•The first time I read an excellent book, it is to me as if I had gained a new friend.
•（我头一回读到一本好书，对我来说好像交了一位新朋友。

）
and
•Love and cough can not be hid. 恋爱如同咳嗽，难逃人们耳目。

•Truth and rose have thorns about them. 真理像玫瑰那样多刺。

•Truth and oil are ever above. Proverb真理像油一样总是要升到上面来。

what
What light is to the eye, knowledge is to the mind.知识对于头脑，如同光线之于眼睛。

The people are to the army what water is to fish.
军民关系好比鱼和水的关系。

用what引导, 这样用的what, 大致有两种模式:
• A is to B what C is to D. What C is to D, A is to B.
•The pen is to a writer what the gun is to a fighter. 作家的笔犹如战士的枪。

•Intellect is to the mind what sight is to the body.
•智力对思想犹如视力对于身体一样重要。

•Food is to the body as fuel is to the engine.
•句式二：
•What the blueprint is to the builder, the outline is to the writer.
•提纲对于作家犹如蓝图对于建筑师一样重要。

•What sculpture is to a block of marble, education is to the soul.
•教育之于心灵犹如雕刻之于大理石。

•might as well
•You might as well expect the sun to rise in the west as hope to move me.
•你动摇不了我的决心，就像你不能指望太阳从西边出来一样。

•You might as well ask for the moon as for money.
•你要钱和要月亮一样不可能。

the way
•The best work is done the way ants do things--- by tiny, tireless and regular
additions.
•最好的作品都是像蚂蚁干活那样完成的---通过点滴、不懈、经常不断的增补而成。

动词型
•He treats his daughter as the apple in the eye. 他把女儿当作掌上明珠。

•Clan in his nightshirt, his neck poked forward, his back rounded, he resembled some long white bird.
•他穿了一件睡衣，脖子向前伸出来，怄着背，那样子活像一只长身白鸟。

•其他动词有：be similar to, consider ..as.., serve…as.., honor…as, respect…as..
•liken ...to...．结构
•Doctors usually liken the heart to a pump.
•医生通常把心脏比作水泵。

•Life has often been likened to a journey.
•人生常被喻为一段旅程
•compare... to..结构
•Shakespeare compared the world to a stage.
•莎士比亚把世界比作舞台。

•Life is poetically compared to the morning dew. 人生被富有诗意地喻为朝露。

• A simile is the most frequently used rhetorical device and has powerfully rhetorical function. According to their functions, similes can be classified into three kinds, namely, the Descriptive, the Illustrative and the Illuminative.
He treats his daughter as the apple in the eye.。