(英语)高一英语阅读理解(社会文化)的技巧及练习题及练习题(含答案)

（英语）高一英语阅读理解(社会文化)的技巧及练习题及练习题(含答案)
一、高中英语阅读理解社会文化类
1．阅读理解
There are lots of ways to educate yourself on the Internet. You can find photos, documents, and films on almost any topic you can imagine. And at , you can access lectures by artists, scholars, designers, technicians and others.
TED began in 1984 as a conference that brought together individuals from the fields of technology, entertainment and design. It was intended to be a one-time event focusing on technology and design. The event ended up losing money, and it was six years before the founders tried it again. This time it worked, and since 1990, the TED conference has been an annual event. There are now two held every year, with topics as diverse as music, medicine, and money. Other specialized spin-off conferences address narrower issues.
The TED website came from a desire to share the conferences with the world, to "offer free knowledge from the world's most inspired thinkers," as the website puts it. The current version of the site was launched in April 2007, and contains videos of talks given at the TED conferences around the world. The talks are transcribed into hundreds of languages.
The TED website is owned by the Sapling Foundation, a non profit devoted to fostering the spread of great ideas. The Sapling foundation acquired TED in 2001. Since then, it has been focusing on using TED to broadcast ideas that might change the world.
TED, of course, isn't immune to criticism. It's been called elitist(精英) for its high ticket prices (more than 6,000 dollars total). It's been accused by a few people of censorship for not publishing their talks. One controversial speaker was upset about being criticized by the conference's host afterward.
The complaints, however, seem to be relatively few for such a large, long-running organization. And accusations of elitism ring hollow when so much is given away for free on TED's website. Whatever its failings, TED is a source of inspirational information for those who seek it out.
（1）What is the main topic of the article?
A.The case against TED
B.What's on TED today.
C.Pros and cons of .
D.What is TED
（2）Which of the following statements is NOT true?
A.The TED conference came after the success of .
B.Two TED conferences are now held every year.
C.TED talks are available in many languages.
D.The Sapling Foundation owns .
（3）From the last two paragraphs, we can infer that ________.
A.it is accepted to all involved that some TED talks might not be published
B.the host of the conference is one who plays a supportive role to the speakers
C.TED is criticized for giving special treatment to the wealthy or powerful
D.the negative comments on TED greatly affects its reputation
（4）This author probably believes that________.
A.TED is elitist
B.TED is beneficial
C.TED isn't important
D.TED is the best website
【答案】（1）D
（2）A
（3）C
（4）B
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了TED以及它的历史发展。

（1）考查主旨大意。

根据第一段中的“And at , you can acce ss lectures by artists, scholars, designers, technicians and others.”在，你可以访问艺术家、学者、设计师、技术人员和其他人的演讲。

以及以下几个段落的内容，可知这篇文章的主题是“TED 是什么”，故选D。

（2）考查细节理解。

根据第三段中的“The TED website came from a desire to share the conferences with the world, to ‘offer free knowledge from the world's most inspired thinkers,’ as the website puts it.”TED网站源于一种与世界分享会议的愿望，用网站的话说，就是“向世界上最有灵感的思想家们提供免费的知识”。

可知，“TED大会是在网站成功之后召开的”这种表述错误，故选A。

（3）考查推理判断。

根据倒数第二段中的“TED, of course, isn't immune to criticism. It's been called elitist(精英) for its high ticket prices.”当然，TED也免不了受到批评。

它因其高昂的票价被称为精英主义；以及最后一段中的“And accusations of elitism ring hollow when so much is given away for free on TED's website.”而当这么多东西在泰德的网站上免费赠送时，精英主义的指责就显得空洞了。

可推断出，TED因给予富人或有权势的人特殊待遇而受到批评，故选C。

（4）考查推理判断。

根据最后一段中的“Whatever its failings, TED is a source of inspirational information for those who seek it out.”不管它的缺点是什么，TED都是那些寻找它的人鼓舞人心的信息来源。

可推断出，这位作者可能认为TED是有益的，故选B。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇文化类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。

2．阅读短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。

Moscow city authorities have begun using comics (漫画) with characters from Russian fairy
tales to explain to migrants (移民) how they should behave. They say a 100-page guide is needed
to "keep a positive image" of the city and could help reduce "tensions" between natives and migrants. But critics have pointed out that foreign migrants and natives may be regarded as antagonists in the manual (手册).
Russians and migrants have repeatedly flooded in Moscow recently. Many migrants from ex-Soviet republics in Central Asia, the Caucasus (高加索) and North Caucasus, arrive in Moscow every year, attracted by the capital's job opportunities and relatively high salaries. A significant number of them work in the Russian capital illegally.
The new guide in Russian seeks to explain the "dos" and "don'ts" to migrants. They are urged
not to cause trouble, by staring at women, or eating or talking loudly on the streets. They are also warned that the police may routinely (例行公事) stop them to check their documents.
In the manual, Russia's famous "three warriors" are meant to represent the city's law enforcement agencies (执法机关), while Prince Yuri Dolgoruky (a historical character) is used for tours around Moscow. Meanwhile, Vasilisa the Wise and The Snow Maiden test the reader on Russia's language and history. A special section of the book explains the importance of following Moscow's strict residency and employment rules, stressing that migrants could otherwise be deported (驱逐出境) or banned from entry.
The manual was written primarily for illegal migrants, Alexander Kalinin, who heads the group Support for Working Migrants in Moscow, told BBC Russian.
"We want to raise their level of law awareness," he added.
Migrant characters had initially (最初) been identified as representatives of different nationalities, but the book's authors later decided to drop this idea so as "not to offend anyone",
said Mr. Kalinin.
"The old conflict between Russian heroes and non-Slavic invaders is being revived," Yevgeny Varshaver, a migration expert told BBC Russian. He also suggested that the language used in the book would be "difficult" to understand for some migrants who were not native Russian speakers.（1）The underlined word "antagonists" in Paragraph 1 can probably be replaced by "________".
A. friends
B. acquaintances
C. cooperators
D. opponents
（2）People from other countries come to Moscow "________".
A. to find well-paid jobs
B. to have a new lifestyle
C. to enjoy the fine climate
D. to experience a new culture
（3）The third paragraph is mainly about "________".
A. consequences the migrants may suffer
B. the purpose of publishing the handbook
C. the measures to attract foreign migrants
D. characters and their functions in Russian fairytales
（4）Which of the following would be the best title of the text?
A. Ways to help foreign migrants to settle in Russia
B. Characters from Russian fairy tales have new jobs
C. More and more foreign migrants to work in Moscow
D. Moscow fairy tale comics to help migrants behave
【答案】（1）D
（2）A
（3）B
（4）D
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了莫斯科当局用童话人物的漫画向移民解释行为规范。

（1）考查词义猜测。

根据第一段中的"They say a 100-page guide is needed to ‘keep a positive image’of the city and could help reduce "tensions" between natives and migrants."可知，他们说需要一份100页的手册来保持城市的积极形象，并有助于缓解当地人和移民之间的紧张关系，但批评人士指出，手册中可能把外国移民和本国人视为敌手，由此可知画线词词义为“敌手、对手”，故选D。

（2）考查细节理解。

根据第二段中的"Many migrants from ex-Soviet republics in Central Asia, the Caucasus (高加索) and North Caucasus, arrive in Moscow every year, attracted by the capital's job opportunities and relatively high salaries."可知，很多移民涌入莫斯科是因为他们被莫斯科相对较高的工作机会和薪水所吸引，故选A。

（3）考查段落大意。

根据第三段中的"The new guide in Russian seeks to explain the ‘dos’ and ‘don'ts’ to migrants."可知，新的俄语手册试图向移民解释该做什么和不该做什么，由此可知本段主要是介绍出版新手册的目的，故选B。

（4）考查主旨大意。

通读全文，特别是根据第一段中的"Moscow city authorities have begun using comics (漫画) with characters from Russian fairy tales to explain to migrants (移民) how they should behave."可知，本文介绍了莫斯科当局用童话人物的漫画向移民解释行为规范，故选D。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测，段落大意和主旨大意四个题型的考查，是一篇社会类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，同时根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行推理，归纳，从而选出正确答案。

3．阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。

It's not unusual to see an unreasonable child lying on the ground drumming his heels. Beside him is a desperate mother yelling at the top of her lungs. Raising a well-behaved kid is really a head-scratching thing.
If you took all the parenting styles around the world and ranked them by their gentleness, the Inuit (因纽特人) approach would certainly rank near the top. All the moms mention one golden role: Don't shout or yell at small children. Inuit's no-yelling policy is their central component to raising cool-headed kids. The culture views scolding, or even speaking to children in all angry voice, as inappropriate, although little kids are pushing parents' buttons.
Playful "storytelling" is another trick to sculpting kids' behavior. But this storytelling differs hugely from those fairy tales full of moral lessons. Parents "retell" what happened when a boy
threw a tantrum(发脾气)by way of what Shakespeare would understand all too well: putting on a "drama". After the child has calmed down, the parents will review what happened when the child misbehaved, usually starting with a question: "Can you show us how to throw a tantrum?" Then
the child has to think what he should do. If he takes the bait and performs the action, the mom
will ask a follow-up question with a playful tone. For example: "Does that seem right?" or "Are
you a baby?" She is getting across the idea that "big boys" won't throw a tantrum.
Kids' brains are still developing the circuitry needed for self-control. What you do in response
to your children's emotions shapes their brains. So next time, seeing your boy misbehave, try using the Inuit's storytelling approach. And don't forget to keep cool. After all, boys will be boys.
（1）Which of the following best explains "pushing parents' buttons" underlined in Paragraph 2?
A. Talking with parents.
B. Playing with parents' buttons.
C. Exposing parents' faults.
D. Making parents annoyed.
（2）What do we know about Inuit's "storytelling"?
A. It aims at playing a trick on kids.
B. It raises kids' awareness of morality.
C. It comes after a child misbehaves.
D. It analyzes Shakespeare's dramas.
（3）What's the author's attitude to children's misbehavior?
A. Cautious
B. Tolerant
C. Uncaring
D. Skeptical
（4）What's the main idea of the text?
A. Inuit's approach to parenting.
B. Values of reading literary works.
C. Causes of children's misbehavior.
D. Parents' responses to "storytelling".
【答案】（1）D
（2）C
（3）B
（4）A
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，因纽特人教育孩子的方式最温柔，介绍了因纽特人
教育孩子的黄金规则“不对小孩叫喊”以及他们塑造孩子行为的一种方式“讲故事”，让我们
时刻记住孩子做错事的时候要保持冷静。

（1）考查词义猜测。

划线词组所在句子为让步状语从句，"although（即使）"前后句是相
反关系。

句意为：这种文化认为训斥孩子，或者以生气的口吻对孩子说话都是不合适的，
即使小孩子让家长生气的时候也是这样。

故选D。

（2）考查细节理解。

根据第三段中的"Parents "retell" what happened when a boy threw a tantrum (发脾气) by way of…"可知，家长讲述的是小男孩发脾气时所发生的事情。

也就是说
故事内容就是小孩子做错的事情。

故选C。

（3）考查推理判断。

根据最后一段中的"And don't forget to keep cool. After all, boys will be boys. 不要忘记保持冷静。

毕竟，孩子就是孩子。

"可知，作者认为小孩子犯错时，家长要
宽容孩子的错误，不能对孩子要求太高。

故选B。

（4）考查主旨大意。

文章主要通过讲述因纽特人温柔地教育孩子的方式，让我们对如何
教育孩子有所启发。

故选A。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测，推理判断和主旨大意四个题型的考查，是一
篇文化类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行
分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。

4．阅读理解
Academic learning is usually in the spotlight at school, but teaching elementary-age students “soft” skills like self-control and how to get along with others might help to keep at-risk kids out of criminal trouble in the future.
Once a program called Fast Track was started in the early 1990s for more than 7,600 children of 55 schools in America. They were identified by their teachers and parents to be at high risk for developing aggressive behavioral problems. The students were randomly divided into two groups; half took part in the intervention, which included a teacher-led curriculum, parent training groups, academic tutoring and lessons in self-control and social skills. The program, which lasted from first grade through 10th grade, reduced delinquency(少年犯罪), arrests and use of health and mental health services as the students aged through adolescence and young adulthood.
In another latest study, by looking at the data from nearly 900 students in previous findings, researchers found that about a third of the influence on future crime outcomes was due to the social and self-regulation skills the students learned from ages 6 to 11.
The academic skills, or hard skills like learning of physics, which were taught as part of Fast Track, turned out to have less of an influence on crime and delinquency rates than did the soft skills, which are associated with emotional(情绪的) intelligence. Soft skills might include teaching kids to work cooperatively in a group or teaching them how to think about the long-term consequences when they make a decision.
Researchers drew the conclusion that these soft skills should be emphasized even more in our education system and in our system of socializing children. Parents should do all they can to promote these skills with their children as should education policymakers. To the extent we can improve those skills, we can improve outcomes in delinquency.
（1）Fast Track was intended for children who .
A. were randomly chosen from their schools
B. had some problems with academic learning
C. often went against their teachers and parents' wishes
D. were considered to have criminal trouble in the future
（2）What can be learned about "the intervention" in Paragraph 2?
A. It included all the students.
B. It focused on social skills.
C. It improved health services.
D. It had positive outcomes.
（3）Compared with soft skills, hard skills .
A. almost have no influence on students
B. are more affected by students' emotion
C. are mainly related to academic learning
D. offer children greater self-control abilities
（4）Which is the best title for the passage?
A. Soft Social Skills Matter
B. Fast Track Helps Children
C. How to Prevent Delinquency
D. What to DO for Education
【答案】（1）D
（2）D
（3）C
（4）A
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，讲述的是软社交技能的重要性。

(1)考查推理判断。

根据第一段中的“Academic learning is usually in the spotlight at school, but teaching elementary-age students ‘soft’ skills like self-control and how to get along with others might help to keep at-risk kids out of criminal trouble in the future.可知，Fast Track是为那些在未来被认为有犯罪问题的儿童准备的。

故选D。

(2)考查词义猜测。

根据第二段中的“The students were randomly divided into two groups; half took part in the intervention, which included a teacher-led curriculum, parent training groups, academic tutoring and lessons in self-control and social skills. ”学生被随机分为两组；一半的人参与了the intervention，其中包括教师主导的课程、家长培训小组、学术辅导以及自我控制和社交技巧方面的课程。

由此推知划线词的意思是“辅导”，故选D。

(3)考查推理判断。

根据第四段中的“The academic skills, or hard skills like learning of physics, which were taught as part of Fast Track, turned out to have less of an influence on crime and delinquency rates than did the soft skills, which are associated with emotional(情绪的) intelligence.”可知，与软技能相比，硬技能主要与学术学习有关。

故选C。

(4)考查主旨大意。

根据最后一段中的“Researchers drew th e conclusion that these soft skills should be emphasized even more in our education system and in our system of socializing children.”可知，本文讲述的是软社交技能的重要性。

故选A。

【点评】本题考点涉及推理判断，词义猜测和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇社会类阅读，要求考生根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。

5．阅读理解
Now in 2019, jazz music is an important part of Indianapolis' art culture. Jazz clubs around the city still host concerts with local jazz musicians like Rob Dixon and Joel Tucker. One of these clubs, the Chatterbox Jazz Club, still has live jazz seven nights a week.
But the real history of jazz in Indy is much less simple. Along with the Avenue's culture, jazz music was gone from the streets for many years.
Indiana Avenue was the heart of a neighborhood along the White River. It was a center for black music and live street music. The wealthy avoided this area. So it became a place that poorer families, including many African-American and immigrant (移民) families, moved to.
Jazz prospered in the mix of American cultures around the Avenue in the 1930s and 1940s. But in the 1950s, things changed. After the war, there were projects to make the city beautiful and build a university nearby. Both of these seemed like good changes. However, the new university and buildings caused poorer families to have to leave the area. This destroyed the Indiana Avenue community - and with it, its jazz culture.
After many years, Indianapolis remembered the value of its arts and music culture. It began to bring back lost cultures such as live music on the Avenue. To do so, it began to make new changes. The changes included repairing historic areas like the Avenue. Once again, the high living costs in
these historic arts areas pushed low-income families out.
Today there are several old-style jazz clubs where friends can meet up to remember the past or just enjoy a summer evening. It might seem at first that jazz is alive again, but there is a sad reality behind these jazz clubs: Modern Indy jazz is only a shadow (影子) of the lively culture that was once on Indiana Avenue.
（1）What does the author mainly want to say in Paragraph 1?
A.Jazz clubs can make big money.
B.Jazz musicians often hold concerts.
C.Jazz music is popular in Indianapolis.
D.Jazz culture is just part of Indianapolis' culture.
（2）What does the underlined word "prospered" in Paragraph 4 mean?
A.Disappeared quickly.
B.Arrived soon.
C.Recovered soon.
D.Developed well.
（3）What did Indianapolis do to bring back its lost culture?
A.It rebuilt some old important areas.
B.It invited old jazz musicians to sing in the city.
C.It educated people about the value of music culture.
D.It settled low-income families in the Indiana Avenue community,
（4）According to the passage, which of the following about modern Indy jazz is true?
A.Its home culture is gone.
B.Its styles are too traditional.
C.It shows the sadness of the poor.
D.It is no longer a favorite of the young.
【答案】（1）C
（2）D
（3）A
（4）A
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，2019年爵士乐仍然是印第安纳波利斯艺术文化的重要组成部分，但是它的本土文化消失了。

（1）考查段落大意。

根据第一段中的“Now in 2019, jazz music is an important part of Indianapolis' art culture.” 现在到了2019年，爵士乐是印第安纳波利斯艺术文化的重要组成部分。

可知，第一段主要是介绍了爵士乐在印第安纳波利斯很受欢迎。

故选C。

（2）考查词义猜测。

根据第四段中中的“But in the 1950s, things changed…. However, the new university and buildings caused poorer families to have to leave the area. This destroyed the Indiana Avenue community - and with it, its jazz culture.” 但在20世纪50年代，情况发生了变化。

……然而，新的大学和建筑使得贫困家庭不得不离开这个地区。

这摧毁了印第安纳大道社区，也随之摧毁了它的爵士乐文化。

可知，转折词but之后描述了爵士乐的衰落，因此推测出划线词prospered意为“兴盛、蓬勃发展”。

故选D。

（3）考查细节理解。

根据倒数第二段中的“It began to bring back lost cultures such as live music on the Avenue. To do so, it began to make new changes. The changes included repairing historic areas like the Avenue.” 它开始带回失落的文化，比如大街上的现场音乐。

为此，它开始做出新的改变。

这些改变包括修复像The Avenue这样的历史街区。

可知，它重建了一些旧的重要区域。

故选A。

（4）考查细节理解。

根据最后一段中的“It might seem at first that jazz is alive again, but there is a sad reality behind these jazz clubs: Modern Indy jazz is only a shadow (影子) of the lively culture that was once on Indiana Avenue. ”乍一看，爵士乐似乎又活了起来，但在这些爵士乐俱乐部背后却有一个可悲的现实:现代印地安那爵士乐只是曾经活跃在印第安纳大道上的文化的一个影子。

可知，爵士乐的本土文化消失了。

故选A。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测和段落大意三个题型的考查，是一篇文化类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。

6．阅读理解
Sweetest Day is always the third Saturday in October. This holiday is much more important in some regions than in others (Detroit, Cleveland and Buffalo being the biggest Sweetest Day cities). It is a holiday that is gaining in popularity every year throughout the country.
Sweetest Day is celebrated on the third Saturday in October as a day to make someone happy. It is an occasion which offers all of us an opportunity to remember not only the sick, aged, and orphaned, but also friends, relatives and associates whose helpfulness and kindness we have enjoyed.
Over 60 years ago, a Cleveland man, believing that the city's orphans and shut-ins (卧病在床的人) too often felt forgotten and neglected, formed the idea of showing them that they were remembered. He did this through the distribution(分发) of small gifts. With the help of his friends and neighbors, he distributed these small remembrances on a Saturday in October. During the years that followed, other Clevelanders began to participate in the celebration ceremony, which came to be called "Sweetest Day". In time, the Sweetest Day idea of spreading cheer to the underprivileged(弱势群体)was broadened to include everyone, and became an occasion for remembering others with a kind act or a small remembrance. And soon the idea spread to other cities all over the country.
Sweetest Day is not based on any single group's religious belief or on a family relationship. It is a reminder that a thoughtful word or deed enriches life and gives it meaning. Because for many people remembering takes the form of gift-giving, Sweetest Day offers us the opportunity to show others that we care, in a practical way.
（1）Which of the following is TRUE according to the first paragraph?
A.More and more people are now celebrating Sweetest Day in the whole country.
B.Sweetest Day is a holiday which always falls on the Saturday in October.
C.Sweetest Day is much more important in big cities than in small cities.
D.Only a few religious have the tradition to celebrate the holiday.
（2）The idea of creating Sweetest Day came from _____.
A.the city's orphans and shut-ins
B.a city named Cleveland 60 years ago
C.a man who cared orphans and shut-ins
D.a man's friends, relatives and associates
（3）Sweetest Day is celebrated in the following ways EXCEPT _____.
A.a kind act
B.a family party
C.gift-giving
D.a small remembrance
（4）From the third paragraph we can learn that _____.
A.it is the people in Cleveland who spread Sweetest Day to other cities
B.only with the help of the man's friends and neighbors, he got a small remembrance
C.over 60 years ago, a man too often felt forgotten and neglected
D.all people loved to be remembered by others on Sweetest Day in Cleveland
【答案】（1）A
（2）C
（3）B
（4）A
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了美国的甜蜜日。

（1）考查细节理解。

根据第一段中的“It is a holiday that is gaining in popularity every year throughout the country.”可知，甜蜜日是一个在全国每年都越来越受欢迎的节日。

故选A。

（2）考查推理判断。

根据第三段中的“Over 60 years ago, a Cleveland man, believing that the city's orphans and shut-ins (卧病在床的人) too often felt forgotten and neglected, formed the idea of showing them that they were remembered.” 60多年前，一个克利夫兰人认为，这个城市的孤儿和被关在家里的人常常感到被遗忘和忽视，于是产生了这样一个想法：让他们知道，他们被人记挂着。

由此可以推断出，创造甜蜜日的想法来自一个关心孤儿和自闭的人。

故选C。

（3）考查细节理解。

根据第三段中的“He did this through the distribution(分发) of small gift”以及“In time, the Sweetest Day idea of spreading cheer to the underprivileged(弱势群体)was broadened to include everyone, and became an occasion for remembering others with a kind act or a small remembrance.”可知，庆祝甜蜜日可以通过送小礼物，小小的纪念品或者善意的行为。

文章中并没有提可以通过家庭聚会的方式来庆祝。

故选B。

（4）考查推理判断。

根据第三段中的“In time, the Sweetest Day idea of spreading cheer to the underprivileged(弱势群体)was broadened to include everyone, and became an occasion for remembering others with a kind act or a small remembrance. And soon the idea spread to other cities all over the country.”随着时间的推移，向弱势群体传播欢乐的最甜蜜的一天的想法被扩大到包括所有人，并成为用善意的行为或小小的纪念来纪念他人的一个场合。

很快这个想法就传遍了全国其他城市。

由此可以推断出，是克利夫兰的人民把最甜蜜日传播到其他城市。

故选A。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇文化类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。

7．阅读理解
At times we all get angry when we are driving. It might be because we are stuck in a traffic jam or stuck behind a very slow driver. It might be because we think another driver has done something very stupid and dangerous. Whatever the reason, it seems that getting angry in a car is something which happens more and more often and there is now a special term for it: "road rage". Some experts even think that road rage is a kind of mental illness! How can we recognize this "illness" of road rage?
There are two kinds of road rage: aggressive driving and aggressive reactions to the way other people are driving. Aggressive driving can take different forms:
Driving much faster than the speed limit.
Increasing your speed very quickly.
Driving very close behind the car in front and sounding the horn or flashing the headlights.
Changing lanes very suddenly and blocking another car.
Moving into a parking space where another ear is trying to park.
There are also different reactions to the way other people are driving. These include:
Making rude signs at people.
Shouting at people and threatening them.
Deliberately driving into another person's car.
Hitting somebody.
Using a weapon such as a baseball bat, or even a gun or a knife.
Road rage is certainly not a joke. There have been incidents of road rage which have led to serious injuries and even murder. Experts think that one reason for road rage is that films show a lot of examples of fast and aggressive driving such as car chases where this kind of driving seems to be positive.
Experts also think that the punishments for dangerous driving are not serious enough. Experience shows that driving problems can be controlled，but it takes a long time. In the UK in the last 30 years, he police have been quite successful in reducing the number of people who drink and drive. They are now working to stop people using mobile phones when they are driving. Let's hope they can have the same success with road rage.
（1）Which of the following describes aggressive reactions to the way other people are driving？
A. Making polite signs at people.
B. Shouting at people and threatening them.
C. Driving much faster than the speed limit.
D. Moving into a parking space where another car is trying to park.
（2）Road rage happens possibly because______.
A. we are in a fast-changing society
B. it won't cause serious injuries or death
C. the drivers themselves have done something stupid
D. the drivers won't get severe punishments for dangerous driving
（3）What's the tone of the last paragraph？
A. Sad.
B. Cold.
C. Optimistic.
D. Exciting.
【答案】（1）B
（2）D
（3）C
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了什么是路怒以及路怒的类型和表现。

（1）考查细节理解。

根据对他人驾驶方式的攻击性反应介绍中的"●Shouting at people and threatening them."可知，对其他司机大喊或威胁属于对他人驾驶方式的攻击性反应，故选B。

（2）考查推理判断。

根据最后一段中的"Experts also think that the punishments for dangerous driving are not serious enough."可知，专家们认为对危险驾驶的惩罚力度还不够，由此可知，路怒发生的原因可能是危险驾驶而不会受到严厉的惩罚，故选D。

（3）考查观点态度。

根据最后一段中的"Let's hope they can have the same success with road rage."可知，让我们希望他们在处理路怒上也会取得同样的成功，由此可知最后一段作者的语调是乐观的，故选C。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断和观点态度三个题型的考查，是一篇文化类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，同时根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，从而选出正确答案。

8．阅读理解
Thomas Cheatham had planned to study Latin during his time at Hebron High School in Texas. But when he learned that the school district was going to offer a Mandarin(普通话) class, he quickly changed his mind.
"I thought Mandarin would be more beneficial than Latin," said Cheatham, who is now in his second year of studying the language.
He speaks Mandarin to order food at Chinese restaurants and can read social media posts from his Chinese-speaking friends. While it's a difficult language to master, the high school junior, who plans to study computer engineering, thinks it will be important for his career. "Chinese is a good language to know, especially with China becoming a growing power," he said.
Many experts agree that proficiency(熟练) in a language spoken by a billion people worldwide will give American students an edge in the global economy.
"People are looking at China as our next economic competitor, and interest in Mandarin is growing fast," said Marty Abbott, director of the American Council(议会) on the Teaching of Foreign Languages. "We're seeing it in all parts of the country."
Abbott predicts that as many as 100,000 students are now studying Mandarin in public and private schools throughout the US. She said the US government has designated (指定) Mandarin as an "important needs" language and provides professional development programs for teachers. "Our government wants to increase our language ability for national security and economic。