地理专业英语课后翻译Reading Material
地理专业词汇英语翻译(45)
地理专业词汇英语翻译(45)地理专业词汇英语翻译(45)地理专业词汇英语翻译(45)forest vegetation 森林植物群forest with grass layer 多草森林forest zone 森林地带forestry 林学forestry remote sensing 林业遥感form 形状form factor 形状因素form of poluttants 污染物形态formaldehyde water pollution 甲醛水污染format 规格formation 地层formation class 群系纲formation group 群系组formation heat 形成热formic acid 甲酸formlines 地形线forsterite 镁橄榄石fort 要塞fortification 筑城fortified area 筑城地域forward intersection 前方交会fossil 化石fossil anomaly 古异常fossil coenosis 化石群fossil delta 古三角洲fossil droppings 粪化石fossil erosion surface 古侵蚀面fossil ice 化石冰fossil men 化石人fossil penenplain 古准平原fossil plant 植物化石fossil pollen 花粉化石fossil pteridophytes 化石蕨fossil soil 埋藏土壤fossil soil method 古土壤法fossil soils 古土壤fossil species 化石种fossilisation 化石化foul land 污秽地foul weather 坏天气foundering 陷落fountain spring 喷泉fourier spectrometer 傅里叶谱仪fourier transform hologram 傅里叶变换全息图fowl 家禽fraction 粒级fractional analysis 分组分析fractional crystallization 分离结晶fractional isotopic abudance 同位素丰度fractional precipitation 分级沉淀fractional separation 分级fractionation 分级fractionation factor 分离系数fractocumulus 碎积云fractonimbus 碎雨云fractostratus 碎层云fracture 断口;隙泉fracture cleavage 破劈理fracture zone 断裂带fragipan 脆磐fragment 碎片fragmental limestone 钙屑灰岩fragmental structure 碎屑状结构fragmental texture 碎屑结构fragmentary material 碎屑物质fragrant plant 香料植物frame 框架frame of image 像幅framework 框架francium 钫frazil 底冰frazil ice 片冰free air reduction 空间改化free ammonia 游离氨free atmosphere 自由大气层free atmosphere climate 自由大气层气候free balloon 自由气球free convection 自由对流free energy of activation 自由活化能free energy of formation 生成的自由能free enthalpy 自由焓free gas 游离气体free generalization 任意综合free ground water 自由地下水free hand profile map 随手剖面图free iron 游离铁free open textured sand 松砂free organic acids 游离有机酸free oxide 游离氧化物free radical 自由基free radical reaction 游离基反应free state 游离状态free valence 自由价free water 自由水freeze hole 冻结钻孔freeze up 冰冻期freezing 冰冻freezing fog 冻雾freezing hole 冻结钻孔freezing nuclei 冻结核freezing point 冰点french curves 曲线板freon 氟利昴frequency 频率frequency analysis 频率分析frequency class 频率级frequency curve 频率曲线frequency distribution 频率分布frequency estimate 频率估价frequency map 频率分布图frequency range 频率范围frequency spectrum 频率谱frequency stability 频率稳定性frequent irrigation 频繁灌溉fresh regolith 新鲜风化层fresh water 淡水fresh water lake 淡湖fresh water lake deposits 淡水湖沉积物fresh water marsh 淡水沼泽fresh water plankton 淡水浮游生物fresh water plant 淡水植物fresh water swamp 淡水沼泽freshly exposed surface 新暴露面friability 松散性friable iron pan 松散铁磐friable soil 松散土壤friction 摩擦friction breccia 擦碎角砾岩friction head loss 摩擦水头损失friction layer 摩擦层friction losses 摩擦水头fringe region 大气边缘层fringe woodland 长廊林fringing reef 裙礁front 锋front anomaly 前缘异常front elements 前缘元素front line of snowmelt 融雪前锋线front view 正视图frontal analysis 锋面分析frontal fog 锋面雾frontal moraine 前碛frontal precipitation 锋面降水frontal surface 锋面frontal thunderstorm 锋面雷暴frontal waves 锋面波frontal zone 锋带frontier 国境frontogenesis 锋生frontolysis 锋消frost 霜frost cracking 冻裂frost cracks 霜裂frost damages 霜冻损害frost free period 解冻期frost heaving 冻拔frost mound 冻丘frost pocket 霜穴frost protection 防霜frost shake 冻裂隙frost weathering 冰冻风化frostless period 解冻期froth 泡沫frozen rain 冻雨frozen soil 冻土fructification 结实fructose 果糖fruit 水果fruit bud 果芽fruit tree 果树fruticous desert 灌木荒漠full moon 满月full sheet 全页图full water capacity 最大持水量fuller's earth 酸性白土fulvic acid 富里酸fumaric acid 延胡酸fumarole 喷气孔fume 尘云function 函数function of fluroine 氟元素功能functional diagram 功能图functional group 官能团functioning 起酌fundamental color 知颜色fundamental point 基准点fungi 菌类fungicide 杀菌剂fungus 真菌地理专业词汇英语翻译(45) 相关内容:。
地质专业英语翻译段落 (学习版)
Petroleum occurs widely in the earth as gas,liquid,semisolid,or solid,or in more than one of these states at a single place.Chemically any petroleum is an extremely complex mixture of hydrocarbon compounds,with minor amounts of nitrogen ,oxygen,and sulfur as impurities.Liquid petroleum ,which is called crude oil to distinguish it from refined oil,is the most important commercially .It consists chiefly of the liquid hydrocarbons ,with varying amounts of dissolved gases,bitumens,and impurities.石油，以气态、液态、半固态或固态、或在某一个地方以一种以上形态广泛存在于地球中。
从化学上讲，任何石油都是由烃化合物组成的极其复杂的混合物，并含有少量作为杂质的氮、氧及硫。
液态的石油，为区别于炼制油，成为原油，在商业上是重要的。
它主要由液态烃类组成，并含有不同数量的溶解气、沥青和杂质。
The origin and distribution of a reservoir rock are controlled primarily by the processes by which the sand was deposited. Scientists concerned with the origin of sedimentary rocks are fortunate because they can observe the conditions and processes by which sediments accumulate today and use their observations to interpret the origin of ancient sediment. By using the areas of modern environments of deposition as natural laboratories, scientists seek to improve the quality of their work. A massive effort has been underway for the past 30 years by industry, government and university scientists throughout the world to investigate modern environments of deposition and to interpret the results of the processes in Holocene sequences. Concepts have evolved from these studies that have revolutionized scientific thought about the sedimentary rocks.储集岩的成因和分布基本受砂沉积时的一些作用控制。
地理专业英语词汇
地理专业英语词汇dose 剂量dosimeter 剂量计dot counter 圆点计数器dot density 点密度dot engraver 刻点仪dot grid 网点板dot line 点线dot map 点描法地图dot method 点描法dot screen 点状网目板double bond 双键double cassette 双重暗盒double coast line 双海岸线double decomposition 复分解double image tacheometer 双像视距仪double image tube 双像望远镜double layer 双层double levelling 双程水准测量double line cutter 双线刻针double measurement 双观测double projection 双重投影double projector 立体测图仪double refraction 双折射double ruling pen 双曲线笔double sampling in aerial photo 像片双重抽样法double stadiometer 双像测距仪double volcano 双火山downfold 海槽downgust 下降风downpour 倾盆大雨downthrow fault 下落断层downward erosion 下切侵蚀drab clay 淡褐色粘土draft requirement 牵引阻力drafting accuracy 绘图精度drafting board 绘图板drag coefficient 阻力系数drag folds 拖曳褶皱drag turf 沼泽草炭drain 排水沟drain tile 排水瓦管drainage 排水drainage anomaly 水系异常drainage area 汇伶积drainage basin 硫drainage channel 排水渠道drainage divide 硫分界线drainage gallery 排水廊道drainage lake 排水湖drainage map 硫图drainage pattern 水系类型drainage plate 水系版drainage rate 排水比率drainage terrace 排水阶地drainage tube 排水管draining trench 小排水沟draining well 排水井drainless area 无排水区drawdown 水位降落drawdown of well 井水位下降drawing 绘图drawing base 图板drawing board 绘图板drawing card 绘图纸drawing ink 绘图墨drawing key 底图drawing paper 图纸drawing pen 绘图笔drawing technique 绘图方法dredge 挖掘泥船dredging 挖泥dressing 造矿drift 漂流漂移drift beds 冰碛层drift clay 冰碛粘土drift current 吹流drift dammed lake 冰碛湖drift furrows 冰碛沟drift ice 浮冰drift load 运积物drift sand 脸drift soil 漂积土drifting snow storm 高吹雪driftless area 无碛带drill hole 钻孔drilling exploration 钻探drilling fluid 钻液drilling mud 钻探泥浆drilling time log 钻进记录drinking water 饮料水driver 驱动器传动装置drizzle 毛毛雨dropbow compasses 弹簧点圆规drosograph 露量记录仪drosometer 露量计drought 干旱drought resistance 耐旱性droughty water discharge 最低水位drowned delta 沉溺三角洲drowned reef 沉没礁drowned river 沉溺河drowned valley 溺谷drug plant 药用植物drumlin 鼓丘dry adiabat 干绝热线dry adiabatic process 干绝热过程dry air 干空气dry biomass 干重dry bulb thermometer 干球温度计dry bulk density 干容重dry climate 干燥气候dry desert raw soil 干旱漠境粗质土dry farmland cultral vegetation 旱地栽培植被dry gas 干燥气体dry hole 干孔dry matter 干物dry meadow 干草甸dry period 干燥期dry surface ratio of soil 土壤干表面比率dry wind 干旱风dry year 枯水年dryer 干燥机drying 干燥ductile fault 韧性断层ductility 延伸性dull 浑浊的dunite 纯橄榄岩duplicate copy 复本duplicate film 复制胶片duplication 复制durain 暗煤duration of flood tide 涨潮持续时间durinode 硬结核聚积层duripan 硬磐durmast oak forest 冬青栎林dusk 黄昏dust avalanche 尘崩dust fall 落尘dust horizon 尘埃层dust mulch 细土覆盖层dust particles 尘粒dust storm 尘暴dusty crust 粉状结壳duty of water 罪需水量dwarf 矮小dwarf birch 矮桦dwarf forest 矮林dwarf forms 矮型dwarf shrub 小灌木dwarf soil 薄层土dwarf tree 矮乔木dwarfness 矮小性dy 湖底腐泥dye plant 染料罪dyeline printing 重氮复印法dyke 岩脉dynamic correction 动力改正dynamic error 动态误差dynamic geomorphology 动力地形学dynamic image analysis 动态影象分析dynamic modulus of elasticity 动力弹性模数dynamic photogrammetry 动态摄影测量dynamic similarity 动态相似性dynamic stability 动态稳定性dynamo thermal metamorphism 热动力变质dynamometamorphic deposit 动力变质矿床dynamometamorphic rock 动力变质岩dysosmia 嗅觉障碍dystrandept 不饱和火山灰始成土dystric arenosols 不饱和红砂土dystric cambisols 不饱和始成土dystric fluvisols 不饱和冲积土dystric gleysols 不饱和潜育土dystric histosols 不饱和有机土dystric lithosols 不饱和石质土dystric nitosols 不饱和强风化粘磐土dystric planosols 不饱和粘磐土dystric podzoluvisols 不饱和灰化土dystrochrept 不饱和淡始成土dystrophic lake 无滋养湖dystrophic peat 瘠薄泥炭dystropic ranker 酸性硅质粗骨土pace and compass traverse map 目测地图pack film 盒装软片pack ice 六群packing 包装packsand 紧砂paddy 水稻paddy cultural vegetation 水稻栽培植被paddy field 稻田paddy rice 水稻paddy soil 水稻土pagoscope 测霜仪pahoehoe lava 绳状熔岩painting 着色palaearctic subregion 古北极亚区palaeoclimate 古气候palaeoglaciology 古冰川学palaeohydrogeology 古水文地质学palaeotopography 古地形学palatability 适口性palearctic faunistic region 古北极动物区palehumult 残存腐殖质老成土paleoanthropology 古人类学paleoautecology 古个体生态学paleobiochemistry 古生化学paleobiogeographic province 古生物地理区paleobiogeography 古生物地理学paleobiotope 古生物境paleobotany 古植物学paleoceanography 古海洋学paleocene 古新世paleoclimate 古气候paleoclimatology 古气候学paleocoastline 古海岸线paleoecology 古生态学paleoendemism 古狭区现象paleoenvironment 古环境paleogene 早第三纪paleogeography 古地理学paleogeomorphology 古地形学paleogeothermometry 古地温学paleohydrology 古水文学paleoichnology 古痕迹学paleokarst 古喀斯特paleolithic age 旧石票代paleolithic culture 旧石票代文化paleomagnetic method 古地磁法paleomagnetism 古地磁学paleontological facies 古生物相paleontology 古生物学paleopalynology 古孢粉学paleopathology 古病理学paleopedology 古土壤学paleophytic era 古植物代paleophytology 古植物学paleosalinity 古盐度paleoshore line 古海岸线paleoshore line variation 古海岸线变化paleosol 古土壤paleosynecology 古群落生态学paleotectonic map 古构造图paleotemperature 古温度paleothermometry 古温度测定paleotropical region 古热带区paleovegetation 古植被paleovolcanology 古火山学paleozoic era 古生代paleozoology 古动物学paleudalf 残存湿淋溶土palimpsest relief 变余地形palingenesis 再生酌palladium 钯palm grove 棕榈林palsa 穹形泥炭丘paludal forest 沼泽林paludification 泥炭形成过程palynology 孢粉学pampa 南美大草原pampero 帕姆佩罗冷风pan 磐层pan horizon 硬盘层pancake ice 饼状冰panclimax 泛演替顶极pandermite 白硼钙石pangaea 泛大陆panicle 圆锥花序panning 淘洗panorama 全景图panoramic aerial photography 全景航空摄影panoramic camera 全景摄影机panoramic photography 全景摄影panoramic radar 全景雷达panplain 大泛滥平原;泛准平原panplanation 泛夷平pantellerite 碱烈pantograph 缩放仪pantropical distribution 泛热带分布paper characteristics 纸质paper chromatography 纸色谱法paper distortion 纸张变形parabola 抛物线parabola of cohesion 内聚力抛物线parabolic dunes 新月形沙丘parabraunerde 次生棕壤paraclase 断层裂缝paragenesis 共生paragenetic rule 共生规则parageosyncline 副地槽paragneiss 副片麻岩paragonimiasis 并殖吸虫病paragonite 钠云母paralaurionite 单斜水氯铅矿paralithic contact 异元母质层parallactic angle 视差角parallactic microscope 视差显微镜parallax 视差parallax bar 视差杆parallel 平行圈parallel evolution 平行进化parallel flow 平行流parallel fold 平行褶皱parallel scan 并联扫描parallel unconformity 假整合parallelism 平行性paramagnetism 顺磁性parameter 参数parameter estimation 参数估计paraplatform 副地台parasite rate 寄生虫率parasitic crater 寄生火口parasitic volcano 寄生火山parasitism 寄生paratype 副型paravauxite 磷铁铝矿parenchyma 柔组织parent element 母元素parent material 母质parent rock 母岩parity 奇偶性park forest 森林公园park landscape 公园景观part 部分part sheet 非整张图partial carbondioxide pressure 碳酸分压力partialcorrelation coefficient 偏相关系数partial pressure 分压partial proportional symbol 半依比例尺符号partial valence 余价particle charge 粒子电荷particle sharp 颗粒形状particle size 颗粒大小particle size analysis 颗粒分析particle size distribution 颗粒分布particular scale 局部比例尺parting 分裂partition chromatography 分配色谱partition law 分配律partitioned matrix 分块矩阵parts per million 百万分之一pass 隘口passage 通道passband 通带passive microwave remote sensing 无源微波遥感passive remote sensing 无源遥感passive soil formers 惰性成土因素pasturage 牧草pasture 牧场pasture grass 牧草pasture season 放牧季节pasture value 牧埸价值paternoster lakes 串珠湖path 小路pathfinder element 探途元素pathogenesis 发病机理pathogenic bacteria 病原菌pathology 病理学patina 氧化膜pattern 图案pattern digitization 图形数字化y axis y轴y coordinate 纵坐标y plane xy 平面year of publication 出版年代yearly ring 生长轮yeast 酵母yellow aphids 黄蚜yellow brown soil 黄棕壤yellow brown soils 黄棕色土壤yellow fever 黄热病yellow fever virus 黄热病病毒yellow filter 黄滤光镜yellow podzolic soils 灰化黄壤yellow sand 黄沙yellow soil 黄壤yellowing 黄化yelow mud 黄泥yermosols 漠境土yew grove 紫杉林yield factors 产量因素yield forecast 单产预报yield index 产量指标yield model 产量模型yield of grass 产草量yield programming 产量程序设计yielding 收获量yielding capacity 生产量young forest 幼龄林young mountains 幼年山young platform 幼年性台地young stage 幼年期young topography 幼年地形young valley 幼年谷ytterbium 镱yttrium 钇yttrocrasite 钛钇钍矿point bar 曲邻侧沙洲point contact method 接触样点法point of inflection 拐点point of intersection 交点point of object 物点point of origin 起始点point of staff 立尺点point of support 支点point of zero distortion 等角点point symbol 点状符号point target 点目标poison 毒poisoning 中毒poisonous fungi 有毒菌类poisonous plant 有毒植物polar adsorption 极性吸附polar air mass 极地气团polar anticyclone 极地反气旋polar aurora 极光polar axis 极轴polar bond 极性键polar circle 极圈polar climate 极地气候polar coordinates 极坐标polar distance 极间距离polar front 极锋polar lakes 极地湖polar molecule 极性分子polar motion 极移polar night 极夜polar orbiting meteorological satellite 极轨气象卫星polar planimeter 定极求积仪polar projection 极投影polar solvent 极性溶剂polar stereographic mosaic 极射赤面拼图polar year 极年polar zone 极带polarimeter 偏光计polaris 北极星polariscope 偏光仪polarizability 极化率polarization 极化polarization factor 偏振因子polarization force 极化力polarization microscope 偏光显微镜polarization pyrometer 偏振高温计polarizer 偏振镜polarizing spectrophotometer 偏振分光光度计polaroid 偏振片polder land 堤围泽地pole 极pole of equator 赤道极pole stand 圆杆材pole wood 圆杆材poliomyelitis 脊髓灰质炎political map 政区地图polje 灰岩盆地pollution of plant nutritions 植物营养物质污染pollution of river 河鳞染pollution sources 污染源polonium 钋polster plant 垫状植物pollinator 传粉者pollutant 污染物pollutant behavior 污染物行为pollutant destiny 污染物前途pollutant pathway 污染物前途pollutant type 污染物类型polluted fish 污染鱼polluted water 污染水pollution 污染pollution abatement 污染抑制pollution by organochlorine pesticides 有机氯农药污染pollution by organophosphorus pesticides 有机磷农药污染pollution free technology 无污染工艺pollution load 污染负荷pollution of atmosphere 大气污染pollution of heavy metals 重金属污染pollution of paddy soils 水稻土污染polyad 多价物polychromatic transmittance 多色透过率polyconic projection 多圆锥投影polycyclic relief 多循环地形polyenetical mountains 复成山地polygenetic conglomerate 复成砾岩polygenetic soil 多元土壤polygenetic terrace 多成因阶地polygenetic volcano 复成火山polygeosyncline 复地槽polygonal bog 多边形沼泽polygonal fissure soil 多角形裂缝土polygonal soil 多边形土壤polygonal traverse 导线polygonal tundra 多边形冻原polygonometric point 导线点polygonometric side 导线边polygonometric work 导线测量polygonometry 多角测量polyhedric projection 多面体投影polymerization 聚合酌polymetamorphic rock 多相变质岩polymetamorphism 多相变质polymineralization 复矿化polymorphism 多形polyp 珊烘polyphagous animals 多食性动物polysaccharide 多糖类polytric pine forest 金发藓松林polytropic atmosphere 多元大气polytype 多种类型polyzoa 苔藓虫类pond 池ponded water 积水ponor 落水洞pool 潭poor ore 贫矿poplar stand 杨手poplar willow forest 杨束林population 母体population center 人口中心population density 人口密度population distribution 人口分布population dynamics 种群动态population ecology 种群生态学population information system 人口信息系统population map 人口地图population parameter 总体参数porcelain clay 瓷土pore 气孔pore angle water 间隙水pore pressure 孔隙压力pore size distribution 孔隙大小分配pore space 孔隙pore water 孔隙水porosimeter 孔隙率计porosity 孔隙度porosity of soil 土壤孔隙率porous structure 多孔结构porphyrite 玢岩porphyritic granite 斑状花岗岩porphyritic texture 斑状结构porphyroblast 斑状变晶porphyroid 残斑变质岩porphyry 斑岩porphyry copper deposit 斑岩铜矿床port city 港口城市portolan charts 波多兰航海图position 位置position determination 位置测定position error 位置误差position of rest 静止位置positioning of lettering 注记配置positive 阳片positive anomaly 正异常positive charge 正电荷positive element 阳性元素positive film 正像胶片positive image 正像positive ion 阳离子positive landforms 正地形positive ore 实矿石positive scribing 阳像刻图positive valence 正价possible ore 可能矿量possible reservers 可能储量possible sunshine hours 可能日照时间postel projection 波斯托投影poster map 宣传地图posterior probability 后验概率postglacial epoch 全新统postglacial period 冰后期pot 坩埚potable water 饮料水potamology 河川学potamoplankton 河痢游生物potash rhyolite 钾碱疗岩potassium 钾potassium adsorption ratio 钾吸附比率potential 势potential acidity 潜性酸度potential determining ion 电位决定离子potential difference 电位差potential distribution 电位分布potential electrode 电位电极potential energy 位能potential evapotranspiration 潜在蒸发蒸腾potential productivity 潜在生产力potentiometer 电位计potentiometric analysis 电位分析potentiometric titration 电位滴定pothole 瓯穴poultry 家禽powder avalanche 粉末状崩power like structure 粉状结构practical application 实际应用prairie 普列利草原prairie forest soil 湿草原森林土prairie grey soil 湿草原灰色土prairie soil 普列利土prairie steppe brown soil 棕色湿草原土prairie timber zone 森林草原带praseodymium 镨pre boreal time 前北方期preceding crop 前罪precession 岁差precipice 悬崖precipitable water 可降水precipitate 沉淀precipitation 沉淀precipitation barrier 沉淀障precipitation current 降水电流precipitation echo 降水回波precipitation evaporation ratio 降雨蒸发比precipitation gage 雨量器precipitation intensity 降水强度precipitation inversion 降水逆增precipitation reaction 沉淀反应precise leveling 精密水准测量precise leveling instrument 精密水准仪precise leveling staff 精密水准标尺precise reading 精密读数precision 精度precision measurement 精密测量precision processing 精密处理prediction 预报predictive encoding 预测编码predominance 优势predominant height 知高度preferential leaching 优先淋出preferential species 适宣种preferred orientation 择优取向prefrontal squall line 锋前阵风线preglacial relief 冰前地形prehistoric archaeology 史前考古学prehistoric irrigation system 史前灌溉系统prehistoric roadway 史前道路prehistorical site 史前遗址prehistorical village 史前村庄preliminary layout 地图设计presentized printing plate 预制感光板preservation 保存pressure altimeter 气压测高计pressure altitude 气压高度pressure barrier 压力壁垒pressure center 气压中心pressure change 气压变化pressure distribution 气压分布pressure field 气压场pressure gage 压力器压力表pressure gradient 气压梯度pressure of water vapor 水汽压pressure system 气压系统pressure tendency 气压倾向pressure topography 等压面形势pressure trough 气压槽pressure waves 气压波prestretching pressing 空压印prevailing westerlies 盛行午prevailing wind 盛行风primary clay 原生粘土primary colors 原色primary community 原始群落primary data 知数据primary deposit 原始沉积primary dispersion halos 原生分散晕primary environment 原生环境primary geochemical anomaly 原生地球化学异常primary geosyncline 正地槽primary host 首要宿主primary mineral 原生矿物primary ore 原生矿石primary peneplain 原始准平原primary production 初级生产量primary productivity 初级生产率primary rainbow 昼primary sedimentary structure 原生沉积构造primary skeletal structure 原生骨结构primary soil 原始土壤primary standard 原标准primary structure 原生构造primary succession 原生演替primary valence 舟prime meridian 起初子午线primeval climax 原生顶极primeval forest 原生林primitive soil 原始土principal axis 轴principal component 知组份principal contour 助线principal direction 纸向principal earthquake 逐principal horizontal line 之平线principal isobaric surfaces 标准等压面principal object point 物方帚principal plane 宙principal point of objective 物镜帚principal quantum number 挚子数principal reaction 知反应principal refractive index 舟射率principal scale 秩例尺principal stress 枝力principal traverse 旨线principal valence 舟principal vertical line 止线principle 原理principle of energy dissipation 能量耗散原理principle of geochemical distribution 地球化学的分布法则principle of historicism 历史皱原理principle of least action 最小酌原理principle of mobile component 活动组分的原则principle of optimality 最优化原理principle scheme 原理图principles of cartographic representation 地图表示原则printed image 印刷版图形printed surface 印刷面printer 打印机printing format 印刷幅面printing surface 印刷版面prior data bank 先验数据库prior probability 先验概率prisere 正常演替系列prism 棱镜prism like structure 似棱柱状结构prismatic jointing 柱状节理private cartography 民间地图制图probability 概率probability distribution function 概率分布函数probability of detection 发现概率probable error 概率误差probable ore 可能矿藏probable reserves 可能储量probe 试探器探针procaryote 原核生物process 过程process camera 复照仪processing 处理processing command 处理命令processor 处理机procryptic coloration 保护色producer 生产者producing horizon 生产层product 产物productivity 生产力profile 剖面profile of equilibrium 平衡曲面profundal zone 深底带proglacial lake 冰堰湖prognosis 预报program flow chart 程序良programming 程序设计progressive metamorphism 前进变质酌progressive motion 前进运动progressive proofs 套色打样progressive succession 进展演替projection 投射projection camera 摄影机projection leaf area index 投影叶面积指数projection method 投影法projectual map 透谬片图prolonged rain 持续雨proluvium 洪积物promethium 钜proof checking 样图审校proof press 印样机proof printing 校样版prop root 支持根prophylaxis 预防propionic acid 丙酸propionic fermentation 丙酸发酵proportion 比例proportional dividers 比例规proprioceptive reflex 本体感受反射propylite 青磐岩propylitization 绿盘岩化prospect pit 探井prospect tunnel 勘探坑道prospecting 勘探prospecting by primary halos 原生晕找矿法prospecting work 勘探工作protactinium 镤protactinium dating 镤测定年龄法protected area 保护区protected area of mire 沼泽保护区protected species 受保护物种protecting glass 防护玻璃protective adaptation 保护适应protective coating 保护膜protective colloid 保护胶体protective forest belts 护田林带protein 蛋白protein metabolism 蛋白质代谢酌proteolysis 解蛋白酌protista 原生生物protogine 绿泥花岗岩protoplasma 原生质prototectonics 原始构造protozoans 原生动物protractor 量角器分度规protruding delta 突出三角洲proved reserve 勘定储量provenance 原产地province 地区proxemics 空间关系学proximate analysis 近似分析psamment 砂新成土psammite 砂质岩psammitic texture 砂质结构psammophytes 砂生植物psammophytic vegetation 砂生植被psammosere 沙生演替系列psephite 砾质岩psephitic structrue 砾状结构pseudo adiabatic process 拟绝热过程pseudo anticline 假背斜pseudoadiabat 拟绝热线pseudobomb 拟火山弹pseudoconical projection 拟圆锥投影pseudocylindrical projection 伪圆柱投影pseudoequivalent potential temperature 假相当位温pseudogley 伪潜育pseudomorphism 伪像pseudomycelium 伪菌丝体pseudopodzol 假灰化土pseudopodzolization 假灰化过程pseudorandom number 伪随机数pseudostereoscopy 拟立体法pseudosyncline 假向斜psilomelane 硬锰矿psychrometer 干湿表psychrometric table 湿度表psychrophyte 寒土植物pteridophytes 蕨类植物pteropod ooze 翼足虫软泥ptygmatic fold 肠状褶皱pubescent oak forest 毛柞栎手public cleaning 公共净化public nuisance 公害publication original 出版原图puddlability 压实度puddled soil 紧实土puddling 捣实pull 样张pulp 矿泥pulsation 脉动pulvered structure 粉末结构pumice 浮石pumice cone 浮石锥pumice fall deposit 浮石下落堆积层pumice flow 浮石流浮岩流pumice sand 浮石砂pumice tuff 浮石凝灰岩pumping level 抽水高程pumping station 泵站pumping tests 扬水试验pupa 蛹pure line 纯系pure pixel 正象元pure thicket 纯植丛purity 纯度purple soil 紫色土purple sulfur bacteria 紫色硫磺细菌push moraine 推进冰碛putrefaction 腐朽putrefactive bacterium 腐烂细菌pycnometer 比重计pyranometer 日射强度表pyrgeometer 地面辐射表pyrheliometer 直接日射强度计pyrite 黄铁矿pyritization 黄铁矿化pyrobituminous shale 沥青页岩pyrochlore 烧绿石pyroclastic cone 集块火山锥pyroclastic rock 火成碎屑岩pyrogenetic element 火成元素pyroheliometer 日温计pyrolusite 软锰矿pyrometamorphism 高热变质pyrometasomatic deposit 热液交代矿床pyrope 镁铝榴石pyrophyte 耐火植物pyropissite 蜡煤pyroxene 辉石pyroxenite 辉岩pyroxenolite 辉石岩pyrrhotine 磁黄铁矿pyruvic acid 丙酮酸organ 瀑organic acid 有机酸organic chemistry 有机化学organic colloids 有机胶体organic compound 有机化合物organic environment 有机环境organic fertilizer 有机肥料organic geochemistry 有机地球化学organic geochemistry method 有机地球化学法organic matter 有机物organic rock 有机岩organic silt 沼泥炭organic soil 有机土organic substance 有机物质organic weathering 有机风化organo metallic compound 有机金属化合物organomercurous fungicide 有机汞杀菌剂orictocoenosis 化石群oriental region 东洋区orientation 方位orientation elements 方位元素orientation movement 定向运动orientation of crystal 晶体定位orientation point 方位点origin 原点origin of coordinates 坐标原点origin of elements 元素的起源origin of life 生命起原original 原图original mineral 原生矿物original order 正常层序original plot 原图original soil 原始土壤original surface 起始面ornithology 鸟类学ornithosis 鸟疫orogen 造山带orogenetic movements 造山运动orogenic belt 造山带orogenic cycle 造山旋回orogenic period 造山期orogenic phase 造山相orogenic sequence 山地土系列orogenic soil 山地土壤orographic clouds 地形云orographic cyclone 地形气旋orographic occlusion 地形锢囚orographic precipitation 地形性降水orographic rain 地形雨orographic snow line 地形雪线orographic thunderstorm 地形雷暴orographic winds 地形风orohydrography 山地水文学orology 山岳学orometry 山岳测量法orophyte 山岳植物orthent 正常新成土orthic acrisols 典型强淋溶土orthic ferralsols 典型铁铝土orthic luvisols 典型淋溶土orthic podzols 典型灰壤orthic solonchaks 典型盐土orthic solonetz 典型碱土orthid 典型旱成土orthite 褐帘石orthochromatic emulsion 正色乳剂orthoclase 正长石orthoclasite 微粒正长岩orthod 灰土orthogenesis 定向进化orthogeosyncline 正地槽orthogneiss 正片麻岩orthogonal matrix 正交矩阵orthogonal system 正交系orthographic projection 正射投影orthography of geographic names 地名正字法orthometric correction 正高改正orthometric height 正高orthomorphic projection 正形投影orthophotograph 正射相像片orthophotography 正射投影orthoprinter 正射投影装置orthoprojection 正射投影orthoprojector 正射投影装置orthostereoscopy 正立体法orthox 正常氧化土ortstein 硬盘oscillation 振荡oscillation center 振动中心oscillation frequency 振荡频率oscillatory ripples 摆动波痕osier bed 柳林osmium 锇osmoregulation 渗透第osmotic equilibrium 渗透平衡osmotic exchange 渗透交换osmotic potential 渗透势osmotic pressure 渗透压力osmotic regulation 渗透第osmotic suction 渗透吸力osteopsathyrosis 骨脆症outcrop 露头outcrop of ground water 地下水露头outer shell electron 外电子outflow 瘤outgoing radiance 射出光亮度outgoing radiation 逸出辐射outlet 出水口outlet glacier 注出冰川outlier 遗证岗outline 轮廓线outline chart 略图outline draught 平面图绘制outline map 略图output 输出output device 输出设备output image 输出图像output per hectare 每公顷产量outwash 冰水沉积outwash gravel 漂水砾outwash plain 冰水沉积平原ovary 子房over exposure 过度曝光over irrigation 滥灌overburden pressure 表土层压overdeepened valley 过蚀谷overdevelopment 过度显影overfall 溢水坝overflow 溢流overflow dam 溢劣overflow meadow 泛滥草甸overflowing 洪水overfold overturned fold 倒转褶皱overground part 地上部分overhead irrigation 人工降雨overheating 过热overland flow 坡面漫流overland runoff 地表瘤overlap 超复。
地理专业词汇英语翻译Q-R
地理专业词汇英语翻译Q-RQuackgrassmeadow 冰草草甸quadtree 象限四分树quadranglenet 四边形网quadran t象限quagmire 沼泽地qualitativeanalysisofelement 元素定性分析qualitativeanalysisoforganicfunctionalgroup 有机功能基定性分析qualitativeinterpretation 定性判读qualitativerepresentation 质量表示法quality 品质qualityclass 地位级qualitycontrol 品质管理qualitycontroloperation 品质管理操作qualitycontrolsystem 品质管理系统qualityengineering 品质工程qualityofgroundwater 地下水水质qualityofsoil 土壤地位级quantification 量化quantifiedsystemanalysis 定量系统分析quantitativeanalysis 定量分析quantitativeinterpretation 定量判读quantitativerepresentation 数量表示法quantitativespectralanalysis 定量光谱分析quantity 量quantityfactor 定量参数quantometer 光量计quarry 采石场quarrying 露天开采quartel 林班quarternary 第4纪quarternaryeustaticmovement 第四纪海面升降运动quarternaryexogeneticoredeposits 第四纪外生矿床quarternaryplacerdeposit 第四纪砂矿床quarternaryvolcanicoredeposit 第四纪火山矿床quarternaryweatheringoredeposit 第四纪风化矿床quartz 石英quartzandesite 英安岩quartzbasalt 石英玄武岩quartzdiorite 石英闪长岩quartzdolerite 石英粗玄岩quartzporphyry 石英斑岩quartzschist 石英片岩quartzspectrograph 石英摄谱仪quartztrachyte 疗岩quartzipsamment 石英砂新成土quartzite石英岩quartzysandstone 石英砂岩quasigeoid 似大地水准面quaternarygeochronology 第四纪地质年代学quaternarygeologicalmap第四纪地质图quaternarygeology 第四纪地质学quaternaryglacialperiod 第四纪冰期quaternaryilluviatedoredeposi 第四纪淋积矿床quaternarypaleogeography 第四纪古地理quaternaryperiod 第四纪quaternaryresearch 第四纪研究quaternarysedimentaryoredeposit 第四纪沉积矿床quicklime 生石灰quicksand 脸quiescence 休眠quisqueite 硫沥青quota 定额radar 雷达radaraltimeter 雷达测高计radarecho 雷达回波radarimage 雷达图像radarimagescale 雷达图像比例尺radarimagetexture 雷达图像纹理radarindicator 雷达显示器radarlevelling 雷达高程测量radarmap 雷达图radarmeteorology 雷达气象学radarnavigation 雷达导航radarphotogrammetry 雷达摄影测量radarreflectedimages 雷达反射图象radarreflectivity 雷达反射率radarreflectivityfactor 雷达反射率因子radarremotesensing 雷达遥感radarshadow 雷达阴影radarsignature 雷达标记radarsonde 雷达测风仪radarstereoviewing 雷达立体观测radarwavelength雷达波长radarweatherequation雷达气象方程radargrammetry雷达摄影测量radialdrainagepattern 放射状水系radialfracture 射状断裂radialrift放射断裂radialsymmetry 辐射对称radian 弧度radiantenergy 辐射能radiantexitance 辐射出射度radiantflux 辐射流radiantintensity 辐射强度radiation 辐射radiationbalance 辐射平衡radiationbalancemeter 辐射平衡表radiationbalanceofatmosphere 大气辐射平衡radiationbelts 辐射带radiationbiology 放射生物学radiationchemicalprocess 放射化学过程radiationchemicalreaction 放射化学反应radiationchemistry 放射化学radiationcoefficient 辐射系数radiationcounter 辐射计数管radiationdamage 放射线损伤radiationdetector 辐射探测器radiationdose 放射剂量radiationfog 辐射雾radiationfromseasurface 海面辐射radiationinjury 放辐射性伤害radiationinversion 辐射逆温radiationradiosonde 辐射探空仪radiationresolution 辐射分辨率radiationshielding 辐射防护radiativetransferequatio n辐射传递方程radical l基radicelle 小根radioaltimeter 无线电测高仪radioatmometer 辐射蒸发计radiobeacon 无线电信标radioobservation 无线电观测radioactivationanalysis 放射化分析radioactiveanomaly 放射性异常radioactivecontaminant 放射性污染物radioactivecontamination 放射性污染radioactivedecay 放射性衰变radioactivedecontamination 放射性去污radioactivedeposit 放射性沉淀物radioactivedisplacementlaw 放射性位移定律radioactiveelement 放射性元素radioactiveequilibrium 放射平衡radioactiveiron 放射性铁radioactiveisotope 放射性同位素radioactivelogging 放射性测井radioactivematerial 放射性物质radioactivemineral 放射矿物radioactivemineralspring 放射能矿泉radioactivepollution 放射性污染radioactiveprospecting 放射性勘探radioactiveradiation 放射性辐射radioactiveseries 放射系radioactivewastes 放射性废弃物radioactivewater 放射性水radioactivity 放射能radioactivitylog 放射性测井记录radiobiology 放射生物学radiocarbon 放射性碳radiocarbonage 放射性碳年龄radiocarbondating 放射性碳年代测定法radiochemicalanalysis 放射化学分析radiochemicalpurity 放射化学纯度radiochemistry 放射化学radiogenicheat 放射性热radiogeochemistry 放射地球化学radiogeodesy 无线电测地学radiographiccontrast 射线照像对照radiography 射线照相术radiohydrology 放射水文学radioisotope 放射性同位素radiolarian 放射虫radiolarianooze 放射虫软泥radiology 放射学radiometeorograph 无线电气象记录仪radiometeorography 无线电气象测量学radiometeorology 无线电气象学radiometer 辐射计radiometricage 绝对年龄radiometricanalysis 放射分析radiometricdating 放射性测定年代radionuclide 放射性核素radiosonde 无线电探空仪radiosondeobservation 无线电探空仪观测radiosoundingsystem 无线电高空测候技术radium 镭radiumage 镭龄radiumseries 镭系radiumspring 镭泉radius 半径radiusofaction 酌半径radiusofcurvature 曲率半径radiusofcurvatureoftheearth 地球曲率半径radiusofgyration 旋转半径radiusofinfluence影响半径radiusratio 半径比radon 氡radonsurvey 射气测量rafaelite 钒地沥青railway 铁道railwayaerosurveying 铁道航空勘测railwayjunction 铁路交叉点railwaymap 铁路路线图railwaytransport 铁路运输rainrainattenuatio n雨滴衰减raincapacity 降雨量rainchannel 水蚀沟raincloud 雨云rainday 雨日raindropimpression 雨痕rainfactor 降水因素rainfrequency 降水频率raingage 雨量器raingush 暴雨rainintensity 降雨强度rainrill 雨沟rainseason 雨季rainshadow 雨影rainwash 雨水冲刷rainbow 虹rainfallarea 降雨区rainfalldepth 雨量rainfalldistribution 雨量分布rainfallduration 降雨持续时间rainfallflood 降雨洪水rainfallintensity 降雨强度rainstorm 阵雨rainwater 雨水rainydays 降水日数rainygreenforest 雨绿林raisedbeach 滨岸淤积阶地raisedbog 高地沼泽ramification 分枝randomdistortion 随机畸变randomdistribution 随机分布randomerror 随机误差randomerrorofmeasurement 测量偶然误差randomevent 随机事件randommixedlayermineral 不规则混层矿物randomnoise 无秩序杂音randomnumber 随机数randomprocess 随机过程randomsampling 随机抽样randomvariable 随机变量randomvector 随机向量randomization 随机化range 区域rangeelevationindicator 距离仰角显示器rangefinder 测距仪rangeheightindicator 距离高度显示器rangenormalization 距离标准化rangeofvisibility 能见距离rangepole 视距尺rangeresolution 距离分辨率ranging 测距rangingpole 测杆rankers 薄层土rapakivi 奥环斑花岗岩rapid 急流急滩rapidflow 急流rareearthelements 稀土元素raregas 稀有气体raregaselements 惰性气体元素rarespecies 稀有种rarefaction 稀疏酌raspberrybrake 十丛林rateofstocking 载畜量ratingcurve 率定曲线ratiomethod 比值法ratioofionicradii 离子半径比ratiovegetationindex 比值植被指数rationalanalysis 示构分析ravine 沟壑rawhumus 粗腐殖质rawmaterial 原料rawore 未选的矿石raworganicsoil 粗有机质土壤rawsoil 生土rawwater 原水reach 河区reactioncurrent 逆流reactionforce 反酌力reactionisotherm 反应等温式reactionmechanism 反应机制reactionprinciple 反应原理reactionproduct 反应产物reactionrate 反应速度reactionrim 反应边缘reactionseries 反应系列reactionzone 反应区reactionalrim 反应边reactivity 反应性readilyavaiablefertilizer 速效肥料readingerror 读数误差readingonrod 标尺读数reafforestation 再造林realimage 实像realscale真比例尺realtimereconnaissance 实时侦察realgar 鸡冠石reallocationofland 土地规划receiver 接收机recentcrustalmevements 现代地壳运动recentsediments 新沉积物recentvegetation 现代植被reception 感受receptionbasin 集水盆recessioncurve 退水曲线recessionofglaciers 冰川减退酌recessionalmoraine 退缩碛rechargearea 补给区rechargewell 补水井reciprocallattice 倒易晶格reciprocalsightline 对向照准线reclaimedfensoi l耕种低位沼泽土壤reclamationofmarshland 沼泽开垦recognitionfeature 识别特征recombination 再化合recomputation 重新计算reconnaissance 踏勘reconnaissanceoffishshoal 鱼群侦察reconnaissancesoilmap 土壤概图reconnaissancesurvey 普查reconstruction 复原recorder 记录器recording 记录recordingdevice 记录装置recordinggauge 自记计recordingpen 记录笔recordingraingage 自记雨量计recovery再生recreation 休养recreationindustry 旅游产业recreationalgeography 旅游地理学recrystallization 重结晶酌rectangularcoordinate 直角坐标rectangularcoordinatesystem 直角坐标系rectangulardrainagepattern 矩状水系rectangularplanecoordinate 平面直角坐标rectangularweir 矩形堰rectifier 纠正仪rectilinearcoordinate 直角坐标recumbentanticcline 伏卧背斜recurrencehorizon 再现土层recurrentdeposition 叠次沉积redalgae 红藻redbrownmediterraneansoil 地中海赤褐色土redclay 红色粘土redfescuemeadow 羊茅甸地redhematite 红赤铁矿redmud 红泥redpodzolicsoil 灰化红壤redsnow 红雪redsoil 红壤redyellowpodzolicsoil 灰化红黄壤reddishbrownforestsoil 红棕色森林土reddishbrownlateritesoil 红棕色砖红壤性土reddishchestnutsoil 红栗钙土redeposition 再沉积redge 暗礁redoxequilibrium 氧化还原平衡redoxindicator 氧化还原指示剂redoxpotential 氧化还原电位redoxprocess 氧化还原过程redoxreaction 氧化还原反应redoxsystem 氧化还原系redoxtitration 氧化还原滴定reducedparameter 换算变量reducedzone 还原带reducers 还原剂reducibleness 可还原性reducingaction 还原酌reducingagent 还原剂reducingcalculus 归算reducingcapacity 还原能力reducingglass 缩小透镜reduction 还原reductioncoefficient 缩减系数reductionfactor 放大率reductiongeochemicalbarrier 还原地球化学障reductionofgravity 重力校正reductionpotential 还原电势reductionzone 还原区redactor 缩小仪redundancyofinformation 信息剩余度reduzate 还原产物reed 芦苇reedpeat 芦苇泥炭reedswamp 芦苇沼泽reedgrassmeadow 酚茅甸地reef 礁reefbuildingcorals 造礁珊瑚reefcap 礁帽reeflimestone 礁灰岩referencedata 参考数据referenceellipsoid 参考椭圆体referencelevel 高程基淮referencepoint 参考点referencesurface 参考面referencesystem 参考系refining 精制reflectancecoefficient 反射系数reflectancefactor 反射因子reflectancespectraofvegetation 植被反射波谱reflectedflux 反射流reflectedimage 反射影像reflectedlight 反射光reflectedray 反射线reflectedwave 反射波reflectingmicroscope 反射显微镜reflectingmirro r反光镜reflectingsurface 反射面reflectingtelescope 反射望远镜reflection 反射reflectioncoefficient 反射系数reflectionelectronmicroscope 反射电子显微镜reflectionmethod 反射法reflectionoflight 光反射reflectionpleochroism 反射多色性reflectiveopticalsystem 反射式光学系统reflectivepowe r反射功率reflectivity 反射能力reflectivityofseawater 海水反射率reflector 反射器reflex 反射reflexcenter 反射中枢reflexpaper 反光印象像纸reflexprinting 反光晒图reflux 逆流回流refoldedfold 复合褶皱reforestation 森林更新refraction 折射refractioncoefficient 折射系数refractionmethod 折射法refractionoflight 光折射refractiveandreflectiveopticalsystem折反射式光学系统refractiveindex折射率refractiveopticalsystem折射式光学系统refractoryclay耐火粘土refractorymaterial耐火材料refractorysand耐火砂refugium残遗种保护区refuse废石regelation复冰regeneratedflow回流回归水流regeneratedglacier再生冰川regeneration再生regenerationcutting更新伐regenerationofcyclon气旋再生regenerationofnaturalresources自然资源更新regime状况regimeofriver河灵况region地方regionofalimentation营养面积regionofescape逃逸区regionoflittlerelief小地形区域regionofrunoff径柳regionalgeochemicalanomaly区域地球化学异常regionalgeochemicalbackground区域地球化学背景regionalgeochemicaldifferentiation区域地球化学分异regionalgeochemicalprospecting区域地球化学勘探regionalgeochemistry区域地球化学regionalgeologicalmap区域地质图regionalgeology区域地质学regionalgeomorphology区域地貌学regionalinformationsystem区域信息系统regionalmetamorphism区域变质regionalplanning区域规划regionalpollution地区性污染regionalremotesensing区域遥感regionalstructure区域构造regionaltrafficsurveys区域运输量甸regionaluplift区域抬升regionalization区划register套合registerdifferences套合差registerholes套印孔registering记录registration对准registrationpaper记录纸regolith表土regosols粗骨土regression海退regressionanalysis回归分析regressioncoefficient回归系数regressionequation回归方程regressivebedding海退层理regressiveerosion向源冲刷regressiveevolution后退演化regrowth再生植被regularbandmodel规则带模式regularsystem等轴晶系regulatedflow第径流regulation蝶regulationofmountainsteams山洪节制regulator第器rejuvenatedriver回春河rejuvenation回春酌rejuvenationofrelief地形复活relationship亲缘关系relativeabsorptioncoefficient相对吸收系数relativeabundance元素丰度relativeairhumidity相对空气湿度relativealtitude相对高度relativeaperture相对孔径relativeatomicweight相对原子量relativecontent百分数含量relativedensity相对密度relativeerror相对误差relativeevaporation蒸发率relativefrequency相对频数relativegeochronology相对地质年代学relativegravity相对重力relativegrowth相对生长relativeheight相对高度relativehue相对色调对比色调relativehumidity相对湿度relativeisotopicabundance同位素相对分布量relativemeasurement比较测量relativemoisture相对湿度relativeorientation相对定向relativereliefmap地貌量测图relativerepresentation相对值表示法releaseofpollutants污染物释放reliability可靠性reliabilitydiagram编图资料示意图relic遗物relicarea残遗分布区relicsoil残余土relicsinpeatbed泥炭层遗迹relict遗物relictelementsoflandscape景观残留成分relictlake残湖relictlandforms残余地形relictspecies残遗种relief地形reliefglobe立体地球仪reliefimage浮雕图像reliefinversion地形倒置reliefmap地势图reliefmodel地形模型reliefofendmoraine终碛地形reliefplate地貌版reliefprinting凸版印刷remotecontrol遥控remoteguidance遥控制导remotehybrid远缘杂种remoteobservation遥感remotesensing遥感remotesensingapplication遥感应用remotesensingapplicationinagriculture农业遥感remotesensingcamera遥感相机remotesensingcartography遥感制图学remotesensingforatmosphericpollution大气污染遥感remotesensingforplantprotection植保遥感remotesensingimage遥感影像remotesensinginformation遥感信息remotesensingobservations遥感观测remotesensingofatmosphere大气遥感remotesensingofoilpollution油污染遥感remotesensingofsightseeingresource风景资源遥感remotesensingofsoil土壤遥感remotesensingofvegetation植被遥感remotesensingsurvey遥感测量remotesensingsystem遥感系统remotesensingtechnology遥感技术remotesensingusedinforestry林业遥感remotesensor遥感器removechromewithbacteria用细菌除铬rendoll黑色石灰土rendzina腐殖质碳酸盐土rendzinalikebrownsoil黑色石灰土状棕色土rendzinification黑色石灰土形成renewableresources可更新资源renewedfault复活断层repetitionmeasurement复测repetitionofbeds地层重复replaceability置换能力replacement交代酌replacingpower置换力replicamethod复制法replicatechnique复制法replication复制reprecipitation再沉淀representation表现representationofdispersedphenomena离散表示法representationofdynamicphenomena动态表示法representationoffeaturesinplane平面图表示法representationofground地形表示法representationsymbol象形符号representativefraction数字比例尺representativesample代表样本representativespecies代表种reprint再版reproducibility再生性reproduction复制reproductioncamera复照仪reproductionphotography照相制版reproductiveshoot生殖苗reptiles爬虫类resection后方交会resectioninspace空间后方交会resequentriver复向河reservationpark自然保护区reserve保留地reservoir水库reservoircapacity水库容量reservoirrock贮油岩reservoirstructure蓄水构造residencetime停留时间residentbirds留鸟residentialquarter居住区residualaffinity残留亲和力residualclay残积粘土residualdeformation剩余变形residualdeposit残留矿床residualelectriccharge剩余电荷residualhalos残积晕residualhill残丘residualmagma残余岩浆residualmagnetism剩磁residualmountain残余山residualplain残余平原residualsediment残积矿床residualshrinkage剩余收缩residualsoil原积土壤residualvalence剩余价residuarywater废水residue余渣resilification复硅resinousluster尸光泽resistance抵抗resistancethermometer电阻温度计resistancetoweathering抗风化性resistate残留产物resistivity电阻率resolutionoflens镜头分辨率resolutionofrealaperture直实孔径分辨率resolvingtime分辨时间resonance共振resonator共振器resorption再吸收resource资源resourcesinformationsystem资源信息系统resourcesremotesensing资源遥感respiration呼吸respiratoryenzymesystem呼吸酶系统respiratorymetabolism呼吸代谢respirometer呼吸测定计rest休眠restarea休息场所restenergy静止能restperiod休眠期restitutionpoint纠正点restoration复原restorationofnaturalresources自然资源的恢复restoredplantcover复原植被restoredspecies复原种retainedwater阻滞水retardation延时retention保留retentionwater支持水reticulatedmottles网纹reticulatedvein网状脉reticulecrossofmoon测月十字丝retinite尸石retouching修版retouchingmedium修版液retreatofmonsoon季风后退retrieval检索retroaction反酌retrogradation海蚀变狭酌retrogressivemetamorphism退化变质酌retrogressivesuccession倒退演替retting浸渍returnflow逆流回流returnstroke逆行reverberation反射reversal倒转reversalfilm反转片reversemechanism反转装置reverseposition倒转层位reversevisualangle反观测角reversedfault逆冲断层rev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径沥报runner 纤匐枝runningsand 脸runningwater 怜水runningwaterlevel 怜水水位runoffcoefficient 径恋数runoffprocess 径笼程runoffregime 径链况rupture 断裂ruralenvironment 农村环境ruralhygiene 农村卫生ruralsettle ments 村庄rushmarsh灯心草沼泽russianforestspringencephalitis 春季森林脑炎rustcoloredforestsoil 潜育灰化土rustfungus 锈菌ruthenium 钌rutherfordine 纤碳铀矿rutile 金红石。
地理专业英语词汇
pantropical distribution泛热带分布
paper characteristics纸质
paper chromatography纸色谱法
paleontology古生物学
paleopalynology古孢粉学
paleopathology古病理学
paleopedology古土壤学
paleophytic era古植物代
paleophytology古植物学
paleosalinity古盐度
paleoshore line古海岸线
paleoshore line variation古海岸线变化
dystropic ranker酸性硅质粗骨土
pace and compass traverse map目测地图
pack film盒装软片
pack ice六群
packing包装
packsand紧砂
paddy水稻
paddy cultural vegetation水稻栽培植被
paddy field稻田
paddy rice水稻
paleoendemism古狭区现象
paleoenvironment古环境
paleogene早第三纪
paleogeographic control古地理的控制
paleogeographic map古地理图
paleogeography古地理学
paleogeomorphology古地形学
paleogeothermometry古地温学
dose剂量
dosimeter剂量计
dot counter圆点计数器
dot density点密度
dot engraver刻点仪
Reading Material_信息管理专业英语教程（第2版）_[共5页]
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Reading Material
阅读下列文章。尽管已经加注，有的单词可能还要查词典。
Text
Note
What Isห้องสมุดไป่ตู้Database?
The word database is a composition of “data” and “base”. “Data” are facts of the real world, which is supplied by “base”. The word “data base” was first used in the beginning of 1960s, then written as “data-base”and recently “database”.
Unit 7
Abbreviations
DBMS (Database Management System) RDBMS (Relational Database Management System) ACID (Atomicity, Consistency, Isolation, Durability)
数据库管理系统 关系式数据库管理系统 原子性，一致性，隔离，耐久性
Exercises
【Ex.5】根据文章所提供的信息回答问题。 1．What does RDBMS stand for? What does it do? 2．How many main types of database management systems (DBMS) are there? What are they based upon? 3．Who developed the hierarchical data model? When? 4．Why is the structure of a network database extremely complicated? 5．Why are relational databases powerful? 6．What can an object-oriented database be used to do? 7．What are the advantages of a database management system? 8．How many functions does a DBMS perform to ensure data integrity and consistency of data in the database? What are they? 9．What does security management do? 10．What does transaction management refer to? What must all transactions follow?
地理专业英语教案
许昌学院城市与环境学院教案课程名称：地理专业英语课程类型：□理论课■理论、实践课□实践课学时：32 学分： 2授课教师：李中轩授课班级：08级地理科学授课学期：2010 至2011 学年第2学期教材名称：地理专业英语参考资料：1．地质学基础2．自然地理学3．地理学专业英语2011年 2 月 20 日《地理专业英语》教材分析本课程以培养学生地理科学专业英语文献阅读和翻译能力为主要目的，以岩石圈、大气圈、水圈、生物圈、土壤圈、人类社会圈系统和地理信息系统理论为主要内容，分为三大部共16个单元，其中技术地理部分涉及较多的3S技术方面内容，因而将其作为自学内容。
第一部分为自然地理学的基本原理，第二部分为人文地理学的基本理论，第三部分为地理信息系统的基础知识和应用。
每单元分为四个部分内容：基础知识文献、专业单词表、课后习题和补充阅读材料。
基础知识文献部分属于必学内容，涉及的地理学知识大多已经在专业课中学过，对于大三同学而言并不陌生。
关键是文献中使用大量专业词汇，这对学生而言需要花费更多的力气去过单词关，对于一个将来需要进一步深造的本科生来说是必须的和必要的知识储备。
文献部分需要认真阅读，并能复述出文献的主要观点，同时在课堂讨论中有自己的认识和独到观点，并且能够进行口语表达。
课后作业内容可以提前在预习时完成，将疑难问题放到课堂上经过讨论后解决。
每个课时都安排约30分钟作为学生的讨论和回答问题时间，也可以按照单元进度开展对应的口语交流，以提高对专业英语文献的理解和应用技能。
《专业英语》是地理科学专业的一门必修课。
本课程的目的是使学生在进行了两年的公共英语学习后，在巩固已有知识的基础上，掌握科技英语的特点，具备教好的英语资料查阅及专业英语交流的能力。
也就是说，开设本课程，主要是让学生具备“以英语为工具通过阅读获取专业所需信息的能力”。
通过本课程的学习，学生应在科技词汇、专业英语文献阅读速度、准确理解和翻译专业文献、摘要写作上有较大的提高。
地理专业词汇英语翻译（P）
地理专业词汇英语翻译(P)pace and compass traverse map 目测地图pack film 盒装软片pack ice 六群packing 包装packsand 紧砂paddy 水稻paddy cultural vegetation 水稻栽培植被paddy field 稻田paddy rice 水稻paddy soil 水稻土pagoscope 测霜仪pahoehoe lava 绳状熔岩painting 着色palaearctic subregion 古北极亚区palaeoclimate 古气候palaeoglaciology 古冰川学palaeohydrogeology 古水文地质学palaeotopography 古地形学palatability 适口性palearctic faunistic region 古北极动物区palehumult 残存腐殖质老成土paleoanthropology 古人类学paleoautecology 古个体生态学paleobiochemistry 古生化学paleobiogeographic province 古生物地理区paleobiogeography 古生物地理学paleobiotope 古生物境paleobotany 古植物学paleoceanography 古海洋学paleocene 古新世paleoclimate 古气候paleoclimatology 古气候学paleocoastline 古海岸线paleoecology 古生态学paleoendemism 古狭区现象paleoenvironment 古环境paleogene 早第三纪paleogeographic control 古地理的控制paleogeographic map 古地理图paleogeography 古地理学paleogeomorphology 古地形学paleogeothermometry 古地温学paleohydrology 古水文学paleoichnology 古痕迹学paleokarst 古喀斯特paleolithic age 旧石票代paleolithic culture 旧石票代文化paleomagnetic method 古地磁法paleomagnetism 古地磁学paleontological facies 古生物相paleontology 古生物学paleopalynology 古孢粉学paleopathology 古病理学paleopedology 古土壤学paleophytic era 古植物代paleophytology 古植物学paleosalinity 古盐度paleoshore line 古海岸线paleoshore line variation 古海岸线变化paleosol 古土壤paleosynecology 古群落生态学paleotectonic map 古构造图paleotemperature 古温度paleothermometry 古温度测定paleotropical region 古热带区paleovegetation 古植被paleovolcanology 古火山学paleozoic era 古生代paleozoology 古动物学paleudalf 残存湿淋溶土palimpsest relief 变余地形palingenesis 再生酌palladium 钯palm grove 棕榈林palsa 穹形泥炭丘paludal forest 沼泽林paludification 泥炭形成过程palynology 孢粉学pampa 南美大草原pampero 帕姆佩罗冷风pan 磐层pan horizon 硬盘层pancake ice 饼状冰panchromatic emulsion 全色乳剂panclimax 泛演替顶极pandermite 白硼钙石pangaea 泛大陆panicle 圆锥花序panning 淘洗panorama 全景图panoramic aerial photography 全景航空摄影panoramic camera 全景摄影机panoramic photography 全景摄影panoramic radar 全景雷达panplain 大泛滥平原;泛准平原panplanation 泛夷平pantellerite 碱烈pantograph 缩放仪pantropical distribution 泛热带分布paper characteristics 纸质paper chromatography 纸色谱法paper distortion 纸张变形parabola 抛物线parabola of cohesion 内聚力抛物线parabolic dunes 新月形沙丘parabraunerde 次生棕壤paraclase 断层裂缝paragenesis 共生paragenetic rule 共生规则parageosyncline 副地槽paragneiss 副片麻岩paragonimiasis 并殖吸虫病paragonite 钠云母paralaurionite 单斜水氯铅矿paralithic contact 异元母质层parallactic angle 视差角parallactic microscope 视差显微镜parallax 视差parallax bar 视差杆parallel 平行圈parallel evolution 平行进化parallel flow 平行流parallel fold 平行褶皱parallel scan 并联扫描parallel unconformity 假整合parallelism 平行性paramagnetism 顺磁性parameter 参数parameter estimation 参数估计paramo 高山稀疏草地paraplatform 副地台parasite rate 寄生虫率parasitic crater 寄生火口parasitic volcano 寄生火山parasitism 寄生paratype 副型paravauxite 磷铁铝矿parenchyma 柔组织parent element 母元素parent material 母质parent rock 母岩parity 奇偶性park forest 森林公园park landscape 公园景观part 部分part sheet 非整张图partial carbondioxide pressure 碳酸分压力partial correlation coefficient 偏相关系数partial pressure 分压partial proportional symbol 半依比例尺符号partial valence 余价particle charge 粒子电荷particle sharp 颗粒形状particle size 颗粒大小particle size analysis 颗粒分析particle size distribution 颗粒分布particular scale 局部比例尺parting 分裂partition chromatography 分配色谱partition law 分配律partitioned matrix 分块矩阵parts per million 百万分之一pass 隘口passage 通道passband 通带passive microwave remote sensing 无源微波遥感passive remote sensing 无源遥感passive soil formers 惰性成土因素pasturage 牧草pasture 牧场pasture grass 牧草pasture season 放牧季节pasture value 牧埸价值paternoster lakes 串珠湖path 小路path line 吝pathfinder element 探途元素pathogenesis 发病机理pathogenic bacteria 病原菌pathology 病理学patina 氧化膜pattern 图案pattern digitization 图形数字化pattern digitizer 图形数字化仪pattern printout 图形输出pattern recognition 模式识别patterned ground 多边形土pay ore 可采矿石pea structure 豌豆状结构peak 山峰pearly lustre 珍珠光泽peat 泥炭peat bed 泥炭地peat bog 泥炭沼泽peat degree 泥炭度peat digging 泥炭采掘peat formation 泥炭形成peat harvest 泥炭开采peat land 泥炭地peat land science 泥炭沼泽学peat layer 泥炭层peat meadow 泥炭草旬peat profile 泥炭剖面peat silt 泥炭泥沙peat soil 泥炭土peaty clay 沼泥炭pebble 小漂砾pebble cobble desert 砾碎石沙漠pebble tool 砾石器pebblestone 小漂砾ped 土壤自然结构体pedalfer 铁铝土pedestal 底座pediment 麓原pedimentation 山麓夷平酌pediplain 山麓侵蚀面平原pediplanation 山麓侵蚀面酌pedocal 钙层土pedoclimax 土壤演替顶极pedogenesis 成土酌pedogeochemical anomaly 土壤地球化学异常pedogeochemical prospecting 土壤地球化学勘探pedogeochemical survey 土壤地球化学甸pedogeochemistry 土壤地球化学pedogeography 土壤地理学pedohydrology 土壤水文学pedology 土壤学pedometer 计步器里程计pedon 单个土体pedosphere 土圈peg 标杆pegmatite 伟晶岩pegmatitic stage 伟晶岩期pegmatophilic elements 规伟晶岩元素pelagic deposit 深海沉积pelagic facies 远洋相pelagic organisms 远洋生物pelagite 海底锰块pele's hair 火山毛pelite 泥质岩pellic rendzinas 浅黑色石灰土pellic vertisols 浅色变性土pellicle 膜pellicular water 薄膜水peloid 治疗矿泥pelology 泥土学pelotherapy 泥疗法pen 畜圈pendular water 触点水pendulum 摆pendulum anemometer 摆式风速表peneplain 准平原peneplain remnant 准平原残余peneplaine 准平原peneplanation 准平原酌penetrability 渗透性penetration rate 钻入速度penetration test 渗透试验penetrometer 穿透计peninsula 半岛pennine 叶绿泥石pentagonal icositetrahedral class 五角三八面体类pentlandite 镍黄铁矿peptization 胶溶per hectare 每公顷per unit volume 每单位体积per unit weight 每单位重量percent snow of river basin 硫积雪覆盖率percentage 百分数percentage of sunshine 日照百分率perched block 坡栖石块perched ground water 悬着地下水perched permanent ground water 永久悬着地下水perched temporary ground water 暂时悬着地下水perched water table 悬着水位percolating water 渗漏水percolation 渗滤漏percussion marks 慧perennial cryolithic zone 多年冻土带perennial grasses 多年生牧草perennial irrigation 常年灌溉perennial lake 常年湖perennial plant 多年生植物perennial spring 常年泉perennial stream 常劣perennially frozen ground 长期冻土perfect crystal 完整晶体perforation 孔眼perforator 钻孔器穿孔机perianth 花被pericline 盆状向斜peridot 贵橄榄石peridotite 橄榄岩perigee 近地点perigee altitude 近地点高度periglacial deposits 冰缘沉积periglacial phenomena 冰缘现象periglacial region 冰缘区域perihelion 近日点perimeter 周长period 纪period of angiosperms 被子植物时代period of revolution 公转周期period of rotation 旋转周期periodic law 周期律periodic orbit 周期轨道periodic precipitation 周期的沉积periodic system 周期系periodic table of elements 元素周期表periodical moistening 周期性湿润periodicity 周期性periostracum 外壳膜peripheral nervous system 外周神经系peritrophic mycorrhiza 围食膜菌根perlite 珍珠岩permafrost 永冻土permafrost subsoil 永冻心土permafrost table 永冻土层面permafrostology 冻土学permanent anomaly 永久性异常permanent community 永久群落permanent deformation 残留变形permanent fortification 永久筑城permanent pasture 永久牧地permanent perched water 永久悬着水permanent snow 永久积雪permanent wilting point 永久凋萎点permanganate 高锰酸盐permeability 渗透性permeability coefficient 渗透系数permeability test 渗透试验permeable rock 透水岩permeameter 渗透仪permease 透性酶permeative boundary 渗透性界线permissible accuracy 要求的精度permutation 置换persistence of anomaly 异常持续性persistent pollutant 持久性污染物personal equation 人为误差personal error 人差perspective 透视perspective axis 透视轴perspective geochemical prospecting 预期地球化学勘探perspective maps 鸟瞰图perspective point 透视点perspective projection 透视投影perspective view 透视图perspectograph 透视绘图仪perthite 纹长石perturbation 扰动pervious soil 通透性土壤pessimum 最劣度pest 害虫pesticide 杀虫剂pesticide pollution 杀虫剂污染pestilence 鼠疫petal 花瓣petrifaction 石化petrification 石化petrocalcic horizon 石化钙积层petrochemical type 岩石化学类型petroferric contact 铁结磐接触层petrogenesis 岩石成因论petrogenetic element 造岩元素petrographical province 岩区petrography 岩石学petrography of fossils 化石岩石学petrogypsic horizon 石膏结磐层petroleum 石油petroleum deposit 石油矿床petroleum gas 石油气petroleum geochemistry 石油地球化学petroleum geology 石油地质学petroleum production 采油petroliferous shale 油页岩petrology 岩石学petrophytes 石生植物petrotectonics 构造岩石学ph 氢指数ph value ph 值phacolite 岩脊phaeophyceae 褐藻phaiozems 灰色森林草原土phanerogam 有花植物phanerogames 显花植物phanerophyte 高位芽植物phanerozoic eons 显生宙pharmacolite 毒石phase 相位phase angle 相角phase boundary potential 界面电位phase determination 相位决定phase diagram 相图phase difference 相差phase rule 相律phases of the moon 月相phenocryst 斑晶phenol water pollution 含酚水污染phenologic maps 物候图phenological calender 物候历phenology 生物气候学phenomena of volcanism 火山现象phenometry 物候测定学phenophase 物候相phenospectrum 物候谱phenotype 表型pheochromocytoma 嗜铬细胞瘤phillipsite 钙十字石phlogopite 金云母phonolite 响岩phosphatases 磷酸酶phosphate 磷酸盐phosphate rock deposit 磷灰岩矿床phosphate turnover 磷酸代谢回转phosphatic fertilizer 磷肥phospho calcic soil 磷质石灰土phosphorescence 磷光phosphoric acid 磷酸phosphorite 磷钙土phosphoroscope 荧光计phosphorus 磷phosphosiderite 磷铁矿photic zone 透光层photo base 相像片基线photo cardboard 厚相纸photo center 相片中心photo document 相片文书photo identification 像片垫photo interpreter 相片判读仪photo rectification 相片纠正photobiology 光生物学photocartograph 立体测图仪photocartography 影像地图制图学photochemical air pollution 光化学的空气污染photochemical decomposition 光化分解photochemical reaction 光化反应photochemical smog 光化学烟雾photoclimatology 光气候学photocopy 摄影拷贝photoeffect 光电效应photogenic animals 发光动物photogenic plants 发光植物photogeography 摄影地理学photogeological map 影像地质图photogram 摄影测量图photogrammetric apparatus 摄影测量仪器photogrammetric base 摄影基线photogrammetric camera 测量摄影机photogrammetric coordinate system 摄影测量坐标系photogrammetric coordinates 摄影测量坐标photogrammetric plot 摄影测量原图photogrammetry 摄影测量photographic archaeology 摄影考古学photographic camera 摄影机photographic coating 感光膜photographic colour separation 照相分色photographic combination 照相拼版photographic detection 照相记录射线法photographic dosimeter 摄影剂量仪photographic enlargement 相片放大photographic film 感光胶片photographic flight 摄影飞行photographic hill shading 地貌摄影晕渲法photographic image 摄影影像photographic intelligence 摄影情报photographic interpretation 相片判读photographic laboratory 摄影实验室photographic masking 蒙片法photographic object 摄影物镜photographic paper 相纸photographic print 影印photographic reconnaissance satellite 照相侦察卫星photographic scale 摄影比例尺photographic strip 摄影航带photographic vignetting 渐晕照相法photographical contrast 照相对比photographical identification 像片垫photographing 摄影photography 摄影学photohydrology 摄影水文学;航摄照片水文学photolysis 光分解photolytic destruction 光解photomap 影像地图photomechanical combination 照相拼版photomechanical copy 照相拷贝photomechanical process 照相制版法photomechanical proof 套晒彩色校样photometer 光度计photometry 光度测定法photomontage 像片镶嵌photomosaic 像片镶嵌图photonasty 感光性photopaper 相纸photoperiod 光周期photoperiodic induction 光周期诱导photoperiodic response 光周期响应photoperiodism 光期性photophosphorylation 光磷酸化photopia 光适应photoplane 相片平面图photopoint 像点photoreactivation 光致复活photoreactive chlorophyll 光反应性叶绿素photoreceptor 光受器photoreduction 光致还原photosensitive layer 感光层photosensitiveness 感光度photostage 光照阶段photosynthate 同化物photosynthesis 光合酌photosynthetic bacteria 光合细菌photosynthetic carbon dioxide assimilation 光合成碳酸同化酌photosynthetic pigment 光合成色素photosynthetic potential 光合成势photosynthetic reaction center 光合酌中心photosynthetically active radiation 光合成有效辐射phototaxis 氢性phototheodolite 摄影经纬仪phototopography 摄影地形测量学phototriangulation 摄影三角测量;像片三角测量phototriangulator 摄影三角测量仪phototropism 向光性phragmites peat 芦苇泥炭phreatic explosion 蒸汽爆发phreatic fluctuations 地下水面波动phreatic gas 准火山瓦斯phreatic water 潜水phreatophyte 深根吸水植物phrygana 佛利干那群落;常绿矮灌木丛phycoerythrin 藻红蛋白phycology 藻类学phyletic line 系统phyllite 千枚岩phylogeny 种系发生phylum 门physical analysis 物理分析physical atomic weight scale 物理原子量标度physical clay 物理性粘粒physical climate 物理气候physical environment 自然环境physical geochemistry 物理地球化学physical geographical maps 自然地理图physical geographical processes 自然地理过程physical geographical region 自然地理区physical geography 自然地理学physical maps 自然地理图physical properties 物理性质physical sand 物理性砂粒physical school map 教学用自然地理图physical weathering 物理风化physicochemical migration 物理化学的迁移physicochemical parameter of element 元素的物理化学参数physicochemical properties 物理化学性质physiognomy 外貌physiographic map 自然现象图physiographic symbol 地貌形态符号physiological acidic fertilizer 生理酸性肥料physiological drought 生理干旱physiological dryness 生理干旱physiological ecology 生理生态学physiological group 生理群physiological radiation 生理辐射physiotherapy 物理治疗phytobenthos 底栖植物phytochemistry 植物化学phytochorology 植物分布学phytoclimate 植物气候phytocoenology 植物群落学phytocoenology of cultured plants 栽培植物群落学phytocoenosis 植物群落phytocoenotype 植物群落型phytoedaphone 土壤微生植物phytoformation 植物群系phytogenetic soil 植成土phytogenic medium 植物群落环境phytohormone 植物激素phytology 个体植物学phytomelioration 植物改良phytomorphic soil 植成土phytoncide 植物杀菌素phytopatholgy 植物病理学phytophagans 食草动物phytophagous animals 食植动物phytophysiology 植物生理学phytoplankton 浮游植物phytosphere 植物圈picket 测标picotite 铬尖晶石picpointed coordinate 像点坐标picric acid 苦味酸picrolonic acid 苦酮酸pictomap 等密度线影像地图pictorial atlas 图片地图集pictorial map 写景图pictorial relief map 写景图pictorial symbol 形象符号picture 图像picture element 像素picture encoding 图像编码picture format 相片尺寸picture horizon 相片水平线picture measuring apparatus 像片量测仪picture restitution 像片测图piedmont 山麓地带piedmont alluvial plain 山麓冲积平原piedmont benchland 山麓阶地piedmont deposits 山麓沉积物piedmont eluvial plain 山麓残积平原piedmont glacier 山麓冰川piedmont lakes 山边湖piedmont plain 山麓平原piedmont slope 山麓坡piedmontite schist 红帘石片岩piezoclase 挤压节理piezocrystallization 压结晶piezometer 压强计piezometric surface 水压面pigment 色素pile 桩pillar 柱pillow lava 枕状熔岩pilot balloon 测风气球pilot balloon observation 测风气球观测pimelite 脂光蛇纹石pin point target 针点状目标pine 松树pine forest 松林pine forest terrace 松林阶地pioneer plant 先锋植物pipe drainage 管式喑沟pipeline transport 管道运输piperno 斑带粗面熔岩pipette method 吸管法piracy 河廉夺pisolite 豆石pisolitic structure 豆状结构pit 水蚀穴pit crater 锅形火口pit mouth 井口pitch 俯仰pitch coal 沥青煤pitchstone 松脂岩pivotal fault 旋转断层pixel 像素placanticline 平背斜place name 地名placer 砂积矿床placer gold 砂金placic horizon 薄层磐层placic podzols 薄层铁磐灰壤placorthod 薄层铁磐灰土plaffeiite 化石尸plaggen epipedon 生草表层plaggept 生草始成土plagioclase 斜长石plagiophototropism 斜屈光性plague 鼠疫plain 平原plain of abrasion 海蚀平原plain tract 平原河流plan 设计图plan with contour lines 地势图planar water 层间水planation 均夷酌planation surface 夷平面plane 平面plane angle 平面角plane coordinate 平面坐标plane of denudation 剥蚀表面plane of inclination 倾斜面plane of projection 投影面plane of rotation 旋转平面plane of sight 视准面plane of symmetry 对称面plane of trajectory orbital 轨道面plane of unconformity 不整合面plane survey 平面测量plane table 平板仪plane table plate 平板仪测板plane table surveying 平板测量planet 行星planetable survey 平板仪测量planetary radiation budget 行星辐射收支planetary wind 行星风planetography 行星表面学planimeter 求积仪planimetric map 平面图planimetric shape outline 平面相似性plankton 浮游生物planktonic foraminifers 浮游的有孔虫planning 计划planning utilization of land resource 土地资源利用规划planographic printing 平版印刷planosols 粘磐土plant 植物plant ash 植物灰plant association 植物群丛plant association fragment 植物群丛片断plant association group 植物群丛组plant climax 顶极plant community 植物群落plant community complex 植物群落复合plant deficiency disease 植物营养缺乏症plant ecology 植物生态学plant for technical use 工业植物plant formation 植物群系plant geography 植物地理学plant growing 植物栽培plant growth substance 植物生长刺激素plant interaction 植物相互酌plant introduction 引进的植物plant nutrition 植物营养plant opal 植物岩plant physiology 植物生理学plant protection 植物保护plant residue of peat 泥炭植物残体plant residues 植物残体plant resources 植物资源plant sociology 植物社会学plant taxonomy 植物分类学plantation 栽植plantlet 小植物plantlouse 蚜虫plasmodium 变形体plasmolysis 质壁分离plastic clay 可塑粘土plastic deformation 塑性变形plastic drawing material 绘图塑料片plastic limit 塑限plastic pollution 塑料污染plastic relief map 立体地图plasticity 塑性plasticity index 塑性指数plasticity of soil 土壤塑性plastid 色素细胞plate 板块plate boundary 板块边界plate camera 硬片摄影机plate cassette 硬片暗匣plate changing magazine 互换式硬片暗匣plate collision 板块碰撞plate culture 平面培养plate kinetics 板块运动学plate like structure 似片状结构plate margin 板块边缘plate nadir point 像底点plate tectonics 板块构造说plateau 高原plateau edge 高原边缘plateau glacier 高原冰川platform 台地platform cover 台地盖层platinum 铂platinum metals deposit 铂旋矿床platy structure 片状结构pleistocene 更新世pleniglacial 普伦尼冰期pleochroism 多色plinthaquept 网纹潮始成土plinthaquox 网纹潮氧化土plinthic acrisols 网纹强淋溶土plinthic ferralsols 网纹铁铝土plinthic gleysols 网纹潜育土plinthic luvisols 网纹淋溶土plinthite 铁铝斑纹层plinthoxeralf 网纹干热淋溶土plinthudult 网纹湿老成土pliocene 上新世pliocene pleistocene boundary 上新世更新世边界plot 小区plotter 绘图机plotting 展绘plotting board 测图板plotting equipment 绘图设备plotting instrument 立体测像仪plotting machine 摄影测量仪器plotting sheet 航海素图plough 犁plough land 耕地plough pan 犁底层ploughed field land 耕地ploughing 耕地ploughing sole 犁底plucking 冰川拔削plumb bob 垂球plumb line 铅垂线plumbocuprite 铜硫铅矿plumbojarosite 铅铁矾plummet 铅锤线plunging breaker 卷波plunging fold 倾伏褶皱plus sight 后视plutonic cognate ejecta 深成同源的喷出物plutonic mass 深成岩体plutonic plug 岩栓plutonic rock 深成岩plutonic water 深成水plutonism 火成论plutonium 钚pluvial age 多雨期pluvial lake 雨成湖pluvial period 雨季pluviogram 雨量图pluviograph 雨量记录仪pneumatolysis 气成酌pneumatolytic deposit 气化矿床pneumatolytic hydrothermal metamorphism 气化热液变质酌pneumatolytic mineral 气成矿物pneumatophore 呼吸根pneumonia 肺炎pocket atlas 袖珍地图集podzol 灰壤podzolic boggy soil 灰化沼泽土podzolic features 灰化特征podzolic horizon 灰化层podzolic soil 灰化土podzolization 灰化酌podzolized chernozem 灰化黑土podzolized lateritic soil 灰化砖红壤土podzolized red earth 灰化红壤podzolized rendzina 灰化黑色石灰土podzolizing 灰化酌podzols 灰壤podzoluvisols 灰化土poikilothermic lakes 变温性湖point bar 曲邻侧沙洲point contact method 接触样点法point of inflection 拐点point of intersection 交点point of object 物点point of origin 起始点point of staff 立尺点point of support 支点point of zero distortion 等角点point symbol 点状符号point target 点目标poison 毒poisoning 中毒poisonous fungi 有毒菌类poisonous plant 有毒植物polar adsorption 极性吸附polar air mass 极地气团polar anticyclone 极地反气旋polar aurora 极光polar axis 极轴polar bond 极性键polar circle 极圈polar climate 极地气候polar coordinates 极坐标polar distance 极间距离polar front 极锋polar lakes 极地湖polar molecule 极性分子polar motion 极移polar night 极夜polar orbiting meteorological satellite 极轨气象卫星polar planimeter 定极求积仪polar projection 极投影polar solvent 极性溶剂polar stereographic mosaic 极射赤面拼图polar year 极年polar zone 极带polarimeter 偏光计polaris 北极星polariscope 偏光仪polarizability 极化率polarization 极化polarization factor 偏振因子polarization force 极化力polarization microscope 偏光显微镜polarization pyrometer 偏振高温计polarizer 偏振镜polarizing spectrophotometer 偏振分光光度计polaroid 偏振片polder land 堤围泽地pole 极pole of equator 赤道极pole stand 圆杆材pole wood 圆杆材poliomyelitis 脊髓灰质炎political map 政区地图polje 灰岩盆地pollinator 传粉者pollutant 污染物pollutant behavior 污染物行为pollutant destiny 污染物前途pollutant pathway 污染物前途pollutant type 污染物类型polluted fish 污染鱼polluted water 污染水pollution 污染pollution abatement 污染抑制pollution by organochlorine pesticides 有机氯农药污染pollution by organophosphorus pesticides 有机磷农药污染pollution free technology 无污染工艺pollution load 污染负荷pollution of atmosphere 大气污染pollution of heavy metals 重金属污染pollution of paddy soils 水稻土污染pollution of plant nutritions 植物营养物质污染pollution of river 河鳞染pollution sources 污染源polonium 钋polster plant 垫状植物polyad 多价物polychromatic transmittance 多色透过率polyconic projection 多圆锥投影polycyclic relief 多循环地形polyenetical mountains 复成山地polygenetic conglomerate 复成砾岩polygenetic soil 多元土壤polygenetic terrace 多成因阶地polygenetic volcano 复成火山polygeosyncline 复地槽polygonal bog 多边形沼泽polygonal fissure soil 多角形裂缝土polygonal soil 多边形土壤polygonal traverse 导线polygonal tundra 多边形冻原polygonometric point 导线点polygonometric side 导线边polygonometric work 导线测量polygonometry 多角测量polyhedric projection 多面体投影polymerization 聚合酌polymetamorphic rock 多相变质岩polymetamorphism 多相变质polymineralization 复矿化polymorphism 多形polyp 珊烘polyphagous animals 多食性动物polysaccharide 多糖类polytric pine forest 金发藓松林polytropic atmosphere 多元大气polytype 多种类型polyzoa 苔藓虫类pond 池ponded water 积水ponor 落水洞pool 潭poor ore 贫矿poplar stand 杨手poplar willow forest 杨束林population 母体population center 人口中心population density 人口密度population distribution 人口分布population dynamics 种群动态population ecology 种群生态学population information system 人口信息系统population map 人口地图population parameter 总体参数porcelain clay 瓷土pore 气孔pore angle water 间隙水pore pressure 孔隙压力pore size distribution 孔隙大小分配pore space 孔隙pore water 孔隙水porosimeter 孔隙率计porosity 孔隙度porosity of soil 土壤孔隙率porous structure 多孔结构porphyrite 玢岩porphyritic granite 斑状花岗岩porphyritic texture 斑状结构porphyroblast 斑状变晶porphyroid 残斑变质岩porphyry 斑岩porphyry copper deposit 斑岩铜矿床port city 港口城市portolan charts 波多兰航海图position 位置position determination 位置测定position error 位置误差position of rest 静止位置positioning of lettering 注记配置positive 阳片positive anomaly 正异常positive charge 正电荷positive element 阳性元素positive film 正像胶片positive image 正像positive ion 阳离子positive landforms 正地形positive ore 实矿石positive scribing 阳像刻图positive valence 正价possible ore 可能矿量possible reservers 可能储量possible sunshine hours 可能日照时间postel projection 波斯托投影poster map 宣传地图posterior probability 后验概率postglacial epoch 全新统postglacial period 冰后期pot 坩埚potable water 饮料水potamology 河川学potamoplankton 河痢游生物potash rhyolite 钾碱疗岩potassium 钾potassium adsorption ratio 钾吸附比率potential 势potential acidity 潜性酸度potential determining ion 电位决定离子potential difference 电位差potential distribution 电位分布potential electrode 电位电极potential energy 位能potential evapotranspiration 潜在蒸发蒸腾potential productivity 潜在生产力potentiometer 电位计potentiometric analysis 电位分析potentiometric titration 电位滴定pothole 瓯穴poultry 家禽powder avalanche 粉末状崩power like structure 粉状结构practical application 实际应用prairie 普列利草原prairie forest soil 湿草原森林土prairie grey soil 湿草原灰色土prairie soil 普列利土prairie steppe brown soil 棕色湿草原土prairie timber zone 森林草原带praseodymium 镨pre boreal time 前北方期preceding crop 前罪precession 岁差precipice 悬崖precipitable water 可降水precipitate 沉淀precipitation 沉淀precipitation barrier 沉淀障precipitation current 降水电流precipitation echo 降水回波precipitation evaporation ratio 降雨蒸发比precipitation gage 雨量器precipitation intensity 降水强度precipitation inversion 降水逆增precipitation reaction 沉淀反应precise leveling 精密水准测量precise leveling instrument 精密水准仪precise leveling staff 精密水准标尺precise reading 精密读数precision 精度precision measurement 精密测量precision processing 精密处理prediction 预报predictive encoding 预测编码predominance 优势predominant height 知高度preferential leaching 优先淋出preferential species 适宣种preferred orientation 择优取向prefrontal squall line 锋前阵风线preglacial relief 冰前地形prehistoric archaeology 史前考古学prehistoric irrigation system 史前灌溉系统prehistoric roadway 史前道路prehistorical site 史前遗址prehistorical village 史前村庄preliminary layout 地图设计presentized printing plate 预制感光板preservation 保存pressure altimeter 气压测高计pressure altitude 气压高度pressure barrier 压力壁垒pressure center 气压中心pressure change 气压变化pressure distribution 气压分布pressure field 气压场pressure gage 压力器压力表pressure gradient 气压梯度pressure of water vapor 水汽压pressure system 气压系统pressure tendency 气压倾向pressure topography 等压面形势pressure trough 气压槽pressure waves 气压波prestretching pressing 空压印prevailing westerlies 盛行午prevailing wind 盛行风primary clay 原生粘土primary colors 原色primary community 原始群落primary data 知数据primary deposit 原始沉积primary dispersion halos 原生分散晕primary environment 原生环境primary geochemical anomaly 原生地球化学异常primary geosyncline 正地槽primary host 首要宿主primary mineral 原生矿物primary ore 原生矿石primary peneplain 原始准平原primary production 初级生产量primary productivity 初级生产率primary rainbow 昼primary sedimentary structure 原生沉积构造primary skeletal structure 原生骨结构primary soil 原始土壤primary standard 原标准primary structure 原生构造primary succession 原生演替primary valence 舟prime meridian 起初子午线primeval climax 原生顶极primeval forest 原生林primitive soil 原始土principal axis 轴principal component 知组份principal contour 助线principal direction 纸向principal earthquake 逐principal horizontal line 之平线principal isobaric surfaces 标准等压面principal object point 物方帚principal plane 宙principal point of objective 物镜帚principal quantum number 挚子数principal reaction 知反应principal refractive index 舟射率principal scale 秩例尺principal stress 枝力principal traverse 旨线principal valence 舟principal vertical line 止线principle 原理principle of energy dissipation 能量耗散原理principle of geochemical distribution 地球化学的分布法则principle of historicism 历史皱原理principle of least action 最小酌原理principle of mobile component 活动组分的原则principle of optimality 最优化原理principle scheme 原理图principles of cartographic representation 地图表示原则printed image 印刷版图形printed surface 印刷面printer 打印机printing format 印刷幅面printing surface 印刷版面prior data bank 先验数据库prior probability 先验概率prisere 正常演替系列prism 棱镜prism like structure 似棱柱状结构prismatic jointing 柱状节理private cartography 民间地图制图probability 概率probability distribution 概率分布probability distribution function 概率分布函数probability of detection 发现概率probable error 概率误差probable ore 可能矿藏probable reserves 可能储量probe 试探器探针procaryote 原核生物process 过程process camera 复照仪processing 处理processing command 处理命令processor 处理机procryptic coloration 保护色producer 生产者producing horizon 生产层product 产物productivity 生产力profile 剖面profile of equilibrium 平衡曲面profundal zone 深底带proglacial lake 冰堰湖prognosis 预报prognostic chart 预报图program flow chart 程序良programming 程序设计progressive metamorphism 前进变质酌progressive motion 前进运动progressive proofs 套色打样progressive succession 进展演替projection 投射projection camera 摄影机projection leaf area index 投影叶面积指数projection method 投影法projectual map 透谬片图prolonged rain 持续雨proluvium 洪积物promethium 钜proof checking 样图审校proof press 印样机proof printing 校样版prop root 支持根prophylaxis 预防propionic acid 丙酸propionic fermentation 丙酸发酵proportion 比例proportional counter 比例计数器proportional dividers 比例规proprioceptive reflex 本体感受反射propylite 青磐岩propylitization 绿盘岩化prospect pit 探井prospect tunnel 勘探坑道prospecting 勘探prospecting by primary halos 原生晕找矿法prospecting work 勘探工作protactinium 镤protactinium dating 镤测定年龄法protected area 保护区protected area of mire 沼泽保护区protected species 受保护物种protecting glass 防护玻璃protective adaptation 保护适应protective coating 保护膜protective colloid 保护胶体protective forest belts 护田林带protein 蛋白protein metabolism 蛋白质代谢酌proteolysis 解蛋白酌proterozoic era 元古代protista 原生生物protogine 绿泥花岗岩protoplasma 原生质prototectonics 原始构造protozoans 原生动物protractor 量角器分度规。
地理词汇中英对译
地理词汇中英对译entisol 新成土entrenched meander 嵌入曲流；深切曲流entrenched stream 嵌入河；深切河entrenched valley 嵌入〔河〕entrepot 转口港entrepreneur 企业家entrepreneurial factor 企业管理因素environmental capacity 环境容量environmental conservation 环境保护environmental constraint 环境限制environmental degradation 环境退化environmental education 环境教育environmental gradient 环境梯度environmental hazard 环境灾害；环境危害environmental impact 环境影响environmental impact statment 环境影响报告environmental improvement 环境改善environmental lapse rate 环境〔温度〕environmental perception 环境感观environmental planning 环境规则environmental pollution 环境污染environmental quality 环境质素environmental resources 环境资源environmental risk 环境风险Eocene epoch 始新世epeirogenic movement 造陆运动ephermeral (1)短生植物，(2)短生ephermeral stream 季节性河流；间歇〔性〕epicdermis 表皮epicentre 震央；震中epiphyte 附生植物Equator 赤道equatorial air mass 赤道气团equatorial climate 赤道气候equatorial low 赤道低〔气〕equatorial rain forest 赤道雨林equatorial trough 赤道低压槽eradication of disease 消除疾病erg (sandy desert) 砂质荒漠；砂质沙漠erodibility 可侵蚀性erosion 侵蚀erosion cycle 侵蚀循环erratic 漂石eruption 爆发escarpment 单斜山；马头丘estancia 大牧场(南美)estate (1)大农场，(2)estuarine delta 河口三角洲estuary 河口湾ethnic area 种族区ethnic group 种族群ethnic minority 少数种族ethnic segregation 种族隔离Eurasia 欧亚大洲eustasy 海面升降；海面进退eustatic movement 海面升降运动eutrophic 富养分eutrophication 富养化〔作用〕evaporation 蒸发〔作用〕evapotranspiration 蒸发蒸腾作用even (regular) slope 均匀坡evergreen forest 常绿林evolution 演化；进化excavation (1)掘蚀，(2)挖掘excessive urbanization 过度城市化exchange capacity 交换量exchangeable cation 交换性阳离子；交换性正离子exfoliation 剥离〔作用〕exhaust gas 废气；排气exhumation 剥露〔作用〕exogenic process 外力作用；外成作用exotic river 外源河exponential curve 指数曲线export 出口export-oriented industry 出口导向工业exposed coast 裸露海岸；暴露海岸extended family 大家庭extensive farming 粗放式农业；广耕法external economies 外部经济效益external force 外〔营〕external migration 国外迁移；境外迁移extinct species 已灭绝生物品种extinct volcano 死火山extinction of species 品种灭绝extrapolation 外推法；外插法extreme climate 极端气候extreme environment 极端环境extreme event 极端事件extreme value 极值extrusion 喷出；挤出extrusive rock 喷出岩extrusive vulcanicity 喷出火山作用eye of tropical cyclone 〔热带气旋〕fabricating industry 装配工业factor of location 区位因素；布局因素factor of production 生产因素factor substitution 因素代替Fahrenheit scale 华氏温度表fall-line 瀑布线（美）fallow 休耕fallow time 休耕时间family planning 家庭计划；计划生育family-life cycle 家庭生活周期farm size 农场面积farm unit 农场单位farmer's calender 农民行事历farming 农业；耕作farming efficiency 农耕效率farming landscape 农业景观farming method 耕作方法farming practice 农耕方式farming research 农业研究farming season 农事季节farming settlement 农业聚落farming system 农业系统farmland 农地farmstead 农庄fathom line 〔等〕fault 断层；断裂fault breccia 断层角砾岩fault line 断层线；断裂线fault plane 断层面fault scarp 断层崖faulting 断层〔作用〕fault-line scarp 断层线崖fauna 动物群；动物区系fazenda 大农场（巴西）feature 形貌；特征feedback 反馈feedback loop 反馈环feeder road 支线公路feeding habit 摄食习性fell-field (1)荒高地，(2)稀矮植物区felspar (feldspar) 长石fen 沼泽fern 羊齿类动物；蕨ferrallitic soil 铁铝土Ferrel's law 费利尔定律ferricrete 铁质壳ferruginous soil 铁质土；富铁土fertility (1)肥力，(2)生育力，(3)出生率fertilizer 肥料fetch 吹程；浪程field boundary 农田边界field capacity (field moisture capacity) 田间持水量field crop 杂粮；大田作物field investigation 实地调查field moisture capacity (foeld capacity) 田间持水量field observation 实地观察；野外观察field of view 视野；视场field reconnaissance 实地查勘；野外查勘；实地初测；野外初测field size 农地面积field sketching 实地描绘；野外描绘field study 实地考察；野外考察field survey 实地调查；野外调查filtration 过滤financial centre 金融中心fine texture soil 幼质地土壤fine-grained rock 幼粒岩石finger lake 指状湖finished product 制成品finite population 有限总体fiord (fjord) 峡湾firebreak 隔火路firn (neve) 粒雪；永久积翮；永久冰雪fish pond 鱼塘fishing ground 渔场fissure eruption 裂缝喷发fixed cost 固定成本fixed dune 固定沙丘fjord (fiord) 峡湾flash flood 洪滥；山洪暴发flat rock 平岩flatted factory 分层工厂大厦flat-topped hill 平顶山floating dock 浮坞floating population (1)浮动人口，(2)水上人口flocculation 絮凝〔作用〕flood (1)泛滥，(2)洪水flood abatement 消洪；灭洪flood alleviation 缓洪flood control 防洪；洪水控制flood crest (peak) 洪峰flood damage 洪〔水灾〕flood detention 滞洪flood discharge 洪水流量flood diversion 分洪flood duration (period) 汛期；洪水期flood forecasting (prediction) 洪水预报flood frequency 洪水频率flood hazard 洪患flood hydrograph 洪水过程线flood insurance 洪水保险flood irrigation 漫灌；淹灌flood level 洪水位flood peak (crest) 洪峰flood period (duaration) 汛期；洪水期flood prediction (forecasting) 洪水预报flood proofing 防洪flood protection 防洪；防汛flood regulation 洪水调节flood relief channel (floodway) 分洪道flood season 洪水季；汛期flood stage 洪水位flood storage 蓄洪flood wall 防洪墙flood warning 洪水警报flooding routing 洪水演算flooding wave 洪水波floodplain 泛滥平原floodplain management 泛滥平原管理floodway (flood relief channel) 分洪道flora 植物群；植物区系flow chart 流程图flow diagram 流程图flow line 流向线flow of energy 能量流动flow of resources 资源流动flow of structure 流状构造flow-line map 流向线图fluvial deposit 河流沉积物fluvial landform 河流地貌；河流地形fluvial morphology 河流形态fluvial process 河流作用fluviological deposit 冰水沉积物focal point 汇点；焦点focal region 汇点区fodder crop 饲料作物foehn (fohn) 焚风fog 雾fog drip 雾滴fohn (foehn) 焚风fold 褶曲；褶皱fold mountain 褶曲山；褶皱山folding 褶曲〔作用〕foliated structure 菊状结构food chain 食物链food crop 粮食作物food processing industry 食品加工业food web 食物网foodhill settlement 山麓聚落footloose industry 无导向工业；随意区位工业forced migration 强迫迁移foreground 前景foreland 前地foreshock 前震foreshore 前滩forest 森林；树林forest floor (1)林地，(2)林床；林地被覆物forest reserve 护林区forestry 林业form ratio 宽深比（河流）forward bearing 向前方位fossil 化石fossil oil 化石燃料fracture zone 裂缝带fragment 碎屑free face 崖壁；直坡free-market economy 自由市场经济freeze-thaw action 冻融作用freezing 结冰freezing level 结冰高度freight rate 运费率；运价frequency 频数；频率；次数frequency distribution 频率分布frequency polygon 频数多边形；频率多边形fresh rock 新鲜岩石friable rock 酥炸土friction 摩擦；阻力friction of distance 路程阻力frictional drag (resistance) 摩擦曳力；摩擦阻力frictional layer 摩擦层frictional resistance (drag) 摩擦阻力；摩擦曳力frigid zone 寒带fringing reef 岸礁；边礁；裙焦front 锋frontal fog 锋面雾frontal precipitation 锋面降水frontal rain 锋面雨frontogenesis 锋生〔作用〕/frost 霜frost action (frost shattering) 冻裂〔作用〕frost wedging 冻楔作用frost-free days (period) 无霜期fruit gathering 野果采摘fuel 燃料fumarole 喷气孔fume 烟function 功能functional classification 功能分类functional hierarchy 功能层系functional segregation 功能分化functional specialization 功能专门店functional unit 功能单位functional zone 功能区fungicide 杀真菌剂fungus 真菌furrow irrigation 沟灌gabbro 辉长岩galaxy 星系gale 大风；烈风gallery forest 走廊林gap 山峡gap town 峡口城市garden city 花园城市garment industry 制衣业；成衣业gaseous waste 气体废料gauging station 测水站；水文测量站gelifaction 胶凝〔作用〕genetics 遗传学gentle slope 缓坡geo 海蚀隙geochemical cycle 地球化学循环geographical (true) north 正北geographical inertia 地理惯性geographical information system (GIS) 地理信息系统geologic (geological) time scale 地质年〔代〕geological age 地质年代geology 地质学geometric distribution 几何分布geometric progression 几何等级geostrophic wind 地转风geosyncline 地槽geothermal power 地热能geyser 间歇喷泉ghetto 〔城市中〕gill netting 刺网法glacial deposit (drift) 冰川沉积物；冰碛glacial landform 冰川地貌；冰川地形glacial plain 冰成平原glacial recession (retreat) 冰川后退glacial snout 冰川鼻；冰川前端glacial till (till) 冰川沉积物；冰碛物glacial trought 冰川槽glaciated valley 冰川谷glaciation 冰川作用glacier 冰川；冰河glaciofluvial deposit 冰水沉积；冰河沉积；冰川沉积gleization (gleying) 潜育〔作用〕gley soil 潜育土gleying (gleization) 潜育〔作用〕global circulation 全球环流global warming 全球增温globe 地球仪gneiss 片麻岩Gondwanaland 冈瓦那古陆gorge 峡谷gour (mushroom rock, pedestral rock) 菌状石；风蚀柱graben (rift valley) 地堑；裂谷grade (1)均夷，(2)粒级，(3)等级，(4)地度graded profile 均衡剖面gradient 坡度gradient wind 梯度风grain diameter 粒径grain elevator 谷物仓库granite 花岗岩granular distintegration 粒状崩解granule 团粒；颗粒graph 图表graphical interpretation 图表阐析graphical representation 图示；以图样表达grassland (1)草原，(2)草地gravel 砂砾gravity 重力；地心吸力gravity flow 重力水流gravity model 引力模式；重力模式grazing 放牧great circle 大图圈green area 绿化地区green belt 绿化带green manure 绿肥green philosophy 绿色哲学Green Revolution 绿色革命greenhouse effect 温室气体Greenwich (Prime) meridian 本初子午线grey desert soil 灰钙土grey desert steppe soil 灰色荒漠草原土grey-brown desert soil 灰棕色荒漠土grey-brown forest soil 灰棕色森林土grid 〔方〕grid line 格网线；图网线grid method 格网法；图网法grid north 格网北；图网北grid pattern 格网状grid reference 格网坐标；图网坐标grid road pattern 格网状道路型式grid square 格网方格；图网方格gridiron method 方格法grike 〔岩〕grinding 研磨作用gross domestic product (GDP) 国内生产总值；本地生产总值gross national product (GNP) 国民生产总值gross national product (GNP) per capita 人均国民生产总值gross primary production 总第一级生产量；总初级生产量gross raw material 毛量原料ground moraine 底碛ground photograph 地面照片ground radiation 地面幅射ground water 地下水ground water recharge 地下水补给groundmass 基质grouped data 分组数据；分组资料；分类数据；分类资料growing season 生长期growth centre 成长中心growth form 生长型groyne 海堤guard cell 保卫细胞gully 冲沟gully control 沟蚀防治gully erosion (gullying) 冲沟侵蚀；沟蚀gust 阵风gypsum 石膏habitat 生境hachuring 晕滃法Hadley cell 哈得来环流圈haematite (hematite) 赤铁矿hail 雹hailstone 雹块hailstorm 雹暴halo 晕；日晕halomorphic soil 盐成土halophilous plant (halophyte) 盐生植物hamada (hammade, rocky desert) 石〔质荒〕hamlet 小村庄hammade (hammade, rocky desert) 石〔质荒〕hand specimen 手标本handicraft industry 手工业hanging glacier 悬冰川hanging valley 悬谷hardness 硬度hardpan 硬盘hardwood 硬木Harris & Ullman's Multi-Nuclei Model 哈里期和乌尔复核心模式harvest 收成；收获haulage 运费hazard 灾害；公害haze 霾head of navigation 通航终点headland 岬headwater erosion 向源侵蚀；溯源侵蚀headwater erosion 源头heat (thermal) capacity 热容量heat (thermal) pollution 热污染heat absorption 热吸收heat balance 热量平衡heat budget 热量收支heat island 热岛heat release 放热heat transfer 热量输送heat wave 热浪heath 荒原heavy industry 重工业heavy metal 重金属heavy soil 黏重土〔壤〕hectare 公顷hectopascal (hPa) 百帕斯卡hematite (haematite) 赤铁矿herb 草本植物herbicide 除草剂；除莠剂herbivore 食草动物Hercynian mountain-building movement 海西造山运动herding 畜牧hertz 赫（频率单位）heterogeneous 异类；异质heterotroph 异养生物hierarchy 层系；阶层high class residential zone 高等阶层住宅区；高尚住宅区high density development 高密度发展high order function 高级功能high order goods 高档商品high pressure area 高压区high pressure system 高压系统high technology 高科技high tide 高潮；满潮highland climate 高山气候high-order manufacturing 高级工业high-rise building 高建楼宇high-rise development 高建发展high-water mark 高潮线；高水位线highway transport 公路运输hill-shading 晕渲法；阴影法hinterland 腹地histogram 直方图historical factor 历史因素historical inertia 历史惯性histosol 有机土；泥灰土；沼泽土hoar frost 白霜hobby-farmer 业余农民Holocene epoch 全新世Home Ownership Scheme 居者有其屋计划homeostasis 自动平衡；体内平衡homestead 家园；田园；宅地homogeneous 同类；同质honeycomb weathering 蜂窝状风化〔作用〕horizantal integration 水平式合拼；横向合并；横向联合horizantal linkage (lateral linkage) 水平式联系；横向联系horizon (1)地平线，(2)土层horizontal distance (equivalent) 水平距离horizontal scale 水平比例〔尺〕horn (pyramidal peak) 角峰horse latitudes 亚热带无风带horst 地垒horticulture 园艺〔业〕host 寄主hot desert 热带荒漠；热带沙漠hot spring 温泉household 户；户口housing estate 屋housing problem 房屋问题Hoyt's Sector Theory 霍伊特楔形模式；霍伊特扇形模式human adjustment 人为调节；人为调节的行动humic acid 腐殖酸humid climate 湿润气候humidity 湿度humification 腐殖质化〔作用〕humus 腐殖质hurricane 飓风hybrid 杂种hydration 水化〔作用〕hydraulic action 水力作用hydraulic head 〔压力〕hydraulic radius 水力半径hydridaisation 杂交；杂化hydrocarbon 碳氢化合物hydro-electric power 水力发电hydrograph 水文过程线hydrological (water) cycle 水分循环hydrology 水文学hydrolysis 水解〔作用〕hydromorphic soil 水成土hydrophyte 水生植物hydrosphere 水圈；水界hygrometer 湿度计hygrophyte 湿生植物hygroscopic nuclei 吸湿核心hygroscopic water 浅成岩hypothesis 假设hypothesis testing 假设检验ice age 冰河时期；冰期ice cap 冰盖；冰冠ice cap climate 冰盖气候；冰冠气候ice crystal 冰晶；冰晶体ice nuclei 冰核ice sheet 冰原；冰盖iceberg 冰山ice-dammed lake 冰堰湖igneous activity 岩浆活动igneous rock 火成岩illiteracy rate 文盲率illuvial horizon 淀积层immature soil 未成年土immigrant 移民immigration 国外移入impended drainage 不良排水impermeable 不透水impermeable rock 不透水岩impervious rock 不透水岩import 进口import substitution 代替进口；进口取代in situ 原位incineration 焚化；焚烧incised meander 深切曲流inclination of the earth's axis 地轴倾斜度independent variable 自变量；自变数index 指数；指标indicator species 指示物种indigenous population 土著indigenous species 本地品种induced earthquake 诱发地震industrial activity 工业活动industrial agglomeration 工业集聚industrial area 工业区industrial base 工业基地industrial chain 工业链锁industrial development 工业发展industrial dispersion 工业离散industrial district 工业区industrial estate 工业industrial growth 工业增加industrial inertia 工业惯性industrial land use 工业土地利用industrial landscape 工业景观industrial linkage 工业联系industrial location 工业区位industrial pattern 工业型式industrial population 工业人口industrial relocation 工业区位转移Industrial Revolution 工业革命industrial sector 工业部门；工业部份industrial shift 工业转移industrial sururb 市效工业区industrial waste 工业废料industrial zone 工业区industrialization 工业化industry (1)工业，(2)行业infant mortality rate 婴儿死亡率infanticide 杀婴infiltration rate 下渗率；渗润率infinite population 无限总体inflation 通货膨胀inflitration 下渗〔作用〕/informal recreational activities 非形式化康乐活动infrared radiation 红外线幅射infrastructure 基本建设；基本设施inland drainage 内陆水系inland port 内陆港inlet 小湾in-migration 国内人口迁移；向内人口迁移inner city 内城区inner city decay 内城衰落inorhanic pollutant 无机污染物input 投入；输入insecticide 杀虫剂inselberg 岛山；残丘inshore fishing 近岸捕鱼insolation 日射instability 不稳定〔状态〕institutional factor 制度因素institutional influence 制度影响institutional land use 社团土地利用instrusion 侵入instrusive rock 侵入岩instrusive vulcanicity 侵入火山活动integrated iron and steel works 钢铁联合企业intensity of development 发展密度intensity of rainfall 降雨强度intensive farming 精耕法；集约式农业interception (1)截留，(2)截取intercropping 间种〔法〕interdependence 相互依赖interflow 间层流；表层流interlocking spur 交错山咀intermediate technology 中等科技intermittent stream 间竭河流；断续河流；季节河流intermontance basin 山间盆地internal force 内〔营〕internal migration 国内迁移；境内迁移internal structure of city 城市内部结构International Date Line 国际日期〔变更〕interpolation 插值〔法〕interquartile range 四分位数间距interrelationship 相互关系interrupted stream 中断河Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) 热带幅合带inter-tropical front 热带锋inter-urban interaction 城市间相互作用inter-urban migration 城市间人口迁移interviewing 访问intervisibility 互见度intra-urban interaction 市内相互作用intra-urban migration 市内人口迁移intra-urban mobility 市内流动intra-urban transport 市内运输intrazonal soil 隐域土invasion 〔植物〕inversion layer 逆温层investment 投资ionisation 电离〔作用〕iron and steel industry 钢铁业irregular (uneven) slope 不均匀坡irrigation 灌溉irrigation canal 灌溉渠island arc 岛弧isobar 等压线isobaric surface 等压面isodapane 等总运费线isohyet 等雨量线isolated state 孤立国isoline (isopleth) 等值线isoline map 等值线地图isopleth 等值线isoseismal line 等震线isostasy 地壳均衡isostatic adjustment 〔地壳〕isotherm 等温线isotim 等运费线isthmus 地峡jet stream 射流；〔对流层顶〕joint 节理joule 焦耳journey to school 上学旅程journey to shop 购物旅程journey to work 上班旅程Jurassic period 侏罗纪kame 冰砾阜kame terrace 冰砾阶地kaolin 高岭土karez 坎儿井karst region 岩溶地区；喀斯特地区katabatic wind 下坡风kettle (kettle hole) 锅穴key 图例kilojoule 千焦耳kinetic energy 动能knick point 裂点；节点knoll 圆丘knot (1)浬／小时；浬，(2)山结Koppen's climate classification 柯本气候分类〔法〕krasnozem 红壤K-value K值labour 劳力；劳动力；劳工labour mobility 劳工流动[性]labour resources 劳力资源labour-intensive industry 劳工密集工业labour-oriented industry 劳工导向工业laccolith 岩株; 岩盖lacustrine deposit 湖泊沉积lacustrine plain 湖成平原ladang 迁移农业; 移动性农业; 游耕(东南亚) lafe expectancy 预期寿命lagoon (1)舄湖, (2)气化塘laissez-faire policy 自由放任政策lake 湖泊laminar flow 层流; 片流land breze 陆风land extensive industry 广占土地工业land intensive industry 土地集约工业land pollution 陆地污染; 土地污染land reform 土地改革land rent 地租land subsidence 土地沉陷; 地陷; 地面沉降land tenure 土地占有制land use (utlization) 土地利用land use adjustment 土地利用调整land use classification 土地利用分类land use intensity 土地利用密度land use map 土地利用图land use pattern 土地利用型式land use survey 土地利用调查land use type 土地利用类型land use zone 土地用途区land use zoning 土地用途分区制land utilization (use) 土地利用land value 地价landfill 堆填区landform 地貌; 地形landlocked country 内地国家landlordism 地主所有制landmark 地界标志landmass 陆块land-ownership 土地拥有权landscape 景观landscape evaluation 景观评价landslide (landslip) 山泥倾泻; 山崩lapilli 火山砾lapse rate [温度]递减率;[温度]直减率large scale map 大比例[尺]地图latent heat 潜热lateral erosion 侧蚀; 旁蚀lateral linkage (horizontal linkage) 水平式联系; 横向联系lateral moraine 侧[冰]碛laterite 砖红壤laterization 砖红壤化[作用]latitude 纬度latitudinal extent 纬度相距; 纬线跨度latosol 砖红壤性土Laurasia 劳亚古陆lava 熔岩lava cone 熔岩锥lava dome 熔岩穹lava flow 熔岩流lava pleateau 熔岩高原layer colouring (tinting) 分层着色法leaching 淋溶[作用] ; 淋滤[作用]least cost 最低成本least-cost location 最低成本区位leeward slope 背风坡legend 图例; 图式leguminous crop 豆科作物less developed country 欠发达国家levee (natural dyke) 天然堤levee failure 崩堤; 决堤level of development 发展水平level crossing 平交道levelling (1)削平; 夷平[作用], (2)平整土地, (3)水准测量ley (1)临时性草地, (2)轮作草地ley crop 休闲期作物ley farming 休闲期耕作liana 藤本植物lichen 地衣life cycle 生命周期life form 生活型life table 生命表light industry 轻工业light intensity 光强度light soil 轻质土lightening 闪电lignite 褐煤limb of fold 褶曲翼lime 石灰lime accumulation 石灰累积[作用]limestone 石灰岩limiting factor 限制因素limon 黄土(欧洲)line (linear) scale 直线比例尺line fising (lining) 绳钓法line graph 线形图line of weakness 弱线line transect 横切线; 线状样条linear (line) scale 直线比例尺linear city 长形城市linear settlement 带状聚落lining (line fishing) 绳钓法linkage 联系lithosol 石质土lithosphere 岩石圈litter (1)枯枝落叶; 枯死地被物, (2)垃圾littoral zone 滨海带; 海岸带livestock rearing 畜养[业] ; 饲养[业] ; 畜牧[业] livestock waste collection 禽畜废物收集load 搬运物; 负载物loam 壤土loamy sand 壤质沙土local wind 地方性风; 本地风locality 地点location 区位locational analysis 区位分析locational factor 区位因素locational pattern 区位型式locational quotient 区位商数locational rent 区位租locational requirment 区位需求locational triangle 区位三角形lock 船闸; 水闸lode 矿脉loess 黄土log graph 对数图logarithm 对数logging 伐木long (longitudinal)profile 纵剖面long lining 延绳[钓]法long term planning 长期规划long wave 长波long=range forecasting 长期预报longitude 经度longitudinal (concordant)coast 顺向海岸; 纵式淤岸longitudinal (long) profile 纵剖面longitudinal dune 纵向沙丘longitudinal extent 经度相距; 经线跨度longitudinal wave 纵波longshore drift 沿岸漂移Lorenz curve 罗兰氏曲线low class residential zone 低等阶层住宅区low density development 低密度发展low order function 低级功能low order goods 低级商品low pressure area 低压区low pressure system 低压系统low technology 低科技low tide 低潮lower class limit 组下限lower course 下游lower-income group 较低收入组别lowland 低地low-order manufacturing 初级工业low-rise development 低建发展low-water mark 低潮线; 低水位线lumbering 伐木[业]macronutrient 主要营养素magma 岩浆magnetic declination (variation) 磁偏角magnetic north 磁北magnetic variation (declination) 磁偏角magnitude 强度main stream 干流mallee scrub 桉树灌丛（澳洲）malnutrition 营养不良Malthusian theory 马尔萨斯〔人口〕mangrove 红树林man-land ratio 人地比率man-land relationship 人地关系man-made earthquake 人为地震manpower resources 人力资源mantle (1)地幔；(2)风化覆盖层mantle plume 地幔热柱manufactured goods 制成品manufacturing industry 制造业manure 粪肥map enlargement 地图放大〔法〕map extract 地图摘录map interpretation 地图阐释；地图判读map projection 地图投影map reading 地图阅读map reduction 地图缩小〔法〕map symbol 地图符号mapping 地图编绘；绘图marble 大理岩；大理石marginal cost 边际成本marginal land 边际用地；边际地marine (martime) climate 海洋〔性〕marine organism 海洋生物maritime (marine) climate 海洋〔性〕maritime air mass 海洋气团market area 市场区market gardening (truck farming) 园艺农业；蔬菜耕种market threshold 市场限值market town 墟镇marketing principle 市场原则market-oriented industry 市场导向工业marsh 沼泽；湿地mass movement (mass wastage, mass wasting) 块体移动；块体运动；物质坡移mass production 大量生产；大规模生产mass transit 集体运输mass wasting (mass movement, mass wastage) 块体运动；块体移动；物质坡移material index 原料指数matrix 〔矩〕mature soil 成年土maximum temperature 最高温度maximum thermometer 最高温度计meadow soil 草甸土mean 平均值mean annual temperature 年平均温度mean daily temperature 日平均温度mean deviation 平均差；平均偏差mean sea level 平均海平面meander 曲流；河曲measurement 量度mechanical (physical) weathering 机械性风化；物理性风化mechanically formed sedimentary rock 机械作用形成的沉积岩mechanization 机械化medial moraine 中〔冰〕median 中位数Mediterranean agriculture 地中海式农业Mediterranean climate 地中海〔式〕megahertz 兆赫（频率单位，千周／秋）megalopolis 大城市群区；巨大城市带；巨大都会带megathermal climate 高温气候melting pot 各种族融化地（美）meltwater 融水mental map 意象图mercury barometer 水银气压计meridian 子午线；经线merino sheep 麦兰奴种绵羊mesa 方山；平顶山mesophyte 中生植物mesothermal climate 中温气候Mesozoic era 中生代metabolism 代谢作用metamorphic rock 变质岩metamorphism 变质作用meteorology 气象学methane 甲烷；沼气metropolis 都会metropolitan area 都会区metropolitan primacy 大都会首市现象mica 云母microclimate 微气候；小气候microclimatic survey 微气候测量；小气候测量micron 微米micronutrient 微量营养素micro-organism 微生物microrelief 微地形microthermal climate 低温气候mid-Atlantic ridge 大西洋中脊middle course 中流middle-class residential zone 游中等阶层住宅区middle-income group 中等收入组别mid-latitude desert 中纬度荒漠；中纬度沙漠mid-latitude zone 中纬度地带midnight-sun 夜半太阳mid-oceanic ridge 大洋中脊mid-year population 年中人口migration 迁移migratory dune 流动沙丘milestone 里程碑Milky Way 银河millet (1)小米，(2)狗尾草属植物millibar 亳巴million city 百万人口城市Minamate disease 水鈱病（日）；甲基汞中毒mineral 矿物mineral resources 矿物资源mineral soil 矿物质土壤mineralization 矿化作用minimum temperature 最低温度minimum thermometer 最低温度计mining 采矿minority group 少数群minority race 少数民族Miocene epoch 中新世miracle rice 奇迹米misfit stream 不〔相〕mist 薄雾mistral 密史脱拉风（地中海北岸）mixed farming 混合农业mixed land use 混合土地利用mobile belt 活动带mobility 流动性modal class 众数组mode 众数mode of transport 运输方式model (1)模式，(2)模型moderately populated 中量人口密度Mohorovicic Discontinuity (Moho) 莫霍〔洛维奇〕moisture 水分；湿气；水汽molasse (1)磨砾石，(2)稠糖浆mollisol 软土molten rock 熔岩monadnock 残丘monitoring 监测；监察monoculture 单一作物种monopoly 独占；垄断；专卖monsoon 季〔候〕monsoon climate 季风气候monsoon forest 季风林montane (mountain) forest 高山树林mor 粗腐殖质；酸性有机质moraine 冰碛moraine-dammed lake 冰碛堰塞湖more developed country 较发达国家mortality rate 死亡率moss 藓motor-car industry 汽车制造业mottled zone 斑纹带mountain 高山mountain (montane) forest 高山树林mountain arc 山弧mountain barrier 高山屏障mountain breeze (wind) 山风mountain building 造山运动mountain climate 高山气候mountain range 山脉mountain root 山根mountain wind (breeze) 山风mud-flat 泥滩mudflow 泥流mudstone 泥岩mulch 覆盖物mull 细腐殖质multi-function city 多功能城市multinational enterprise 跨国企业multiple cropping 复种；多造耕作multiple nuclei model 多核心模式multiplier effect 乘数效应multi-purpose scheme 多目标计划；多用途计划multi-purpose trip 多目标旅程multi-storey building 多层建筑物municipality 〔直辖〕mushroom rock (gour, pedestal rock) 菌状石；风蚀柱nappe 逆掩褶曲；推覆体national primacy 国家性首市现象nationality 国籍natural arch 天然拱natural disaster 自然灾害natural dyke (levee) 天然堤natural ecosystem 自然生态系统natural environment 自然环境natural harbour 天然港natural hazard 自然灾害natural increase 自然增长natural landscape 自然景观natural resources 自然资源natural selection 自然选择natural system 自然系统natural vegetation 自然植被nature conservation 自然保护nature reserve 自然保护区nature trail 自然教育径nearest neighbour analysis 最近邻分析negative correlation 负相关negative feedback 负反馈negative population growth 负人口增长negative relationship 负关系；负相关negative skewness 负偏态neighbourhood shopping centre 邻近购物中心neo-natal mortality rate 新生婴儿死亡率nesting 镶嵌net migration 净移民〔量〕net primary production 净第一级生产量；净初级生产量net solar radiation 净太阳辐射net terrestrial radiation 净地面辐射network 网；网络neve (firn) 粒雪；永久积雪；永久冰雪new town 新市镇niche (1)雪，(2)小生境nimbostratus 雨层云nimbus 雨云nitric acid 硝酸nitrification 硝化作用nitrogen cycle 氮循环nitrogen fixation 固氮作用nitrogen-fixing bacteria 硝化细菌nocturnal cooling 夜间冷却nodal city 中心市nodal region 核心区node 集点nodule 球；结核noise barriers 隔音板noise pollution 噪音污染nomadic herding 游牧业nominal scale 名目分类non-basic sector 非基础部门non-biodegradable 不能生物降解non-renewable resources 非再生资源norm 规范；标准；常模normal curve 正态〔分布〕normal distribution 正态分布；常态分布normal fault 正断层normal lapse rate 正常〔温度〕North Pole 北极northeast trades 东北信风northern hemisphere 北半球northing 北行线notch 〔海蚀〕nourishment 营养物nuclear energy 核能nuclear family 核心家庭nuclear fission 核分裂；核裂变nuclear fusion 核聚变nuclear pollution 核〔能〕nuclear power 核动力nuclear power plant 核电厂nuclear reactor 核反应堆nucleated pattern 核心型式nucleated settlement 核心聚落nucleation 聚集null hypothesis 虚假设nullah 渠number line 数线nutrient 养分nutrient cycling 养分循环nutrient enrichment 养分富集oasis 绿洲；沃洲oasis farming 绿洲农业；沃洲农业oblique aerial photograph 倾斜航空照片；倾斜空中照片obsequent stream 逆向河occluded front 锢囚锋occlusion 锢囚〔作用〕occupational structure 职业结构ocean 海洋ocean basin 海洋盆地ocean current 洋流ocean trench 海沟oceanic (marine) climate 海洋〔性〕oceanic circulation 海洋环流oceanic crust 大洋地壳oceanic plate 海洋板块offensive trade 厌恶性行业offshore bar 滨外沙洲offshore fishing 深海捕鱼；远洋捕鱼作业offshore wind 离岸风oil derrick 油井架；钻井高塔oil refinery 炼油厂oil rig 钻油平台oil spill 〔海上〕oil trap 油圈闭；油捕〔区〕oilfield 油田oil-shale 油页岩old fold mountain 古褶曲山脉；古褶皱山脉Oligocene epoch 渐新世omnivore 杂食动物onshore wind 向岸风open space 空旷地；游息用地open system 开放系统opencast mining 露天开采法opportunity cost 机会成optimal choice 本最佳选择optimal location 最优区位optimiser 争取最适宜情况者optimum condition 最适宜情况；最佳条件optimum population 适度人口orbit 轨道order (1)序；次序，(2)阶；级ordinal scale 等级分类Ordovician period 奥陶纪ore 矿；矿石organic matter 有机质organic pollutant 有机污染物organic soil 有机〔质〕organic weathering 有机性风化organically formed sedimentart rock 生物作用形成的沉积岩organism 生物体；有机体orienteering 野外定向orienteering compass 定向罗盘orogenesis (orogeny) 造山作用orogeny (orogenesis) 造山作用orographic (relief) rain 地形雨orographic uplift 地形抬升outback 内陆（澳洲）outcrop 〔岩石〕outlying business district 外围商业发展区out-migration 向外迁移output (1)产出；(2)产量outwash deposit 冰水沉积物outwash plain 冰水沉积平原overburden 覆盖层overcast 天阴。
地理词汇中英对译1
地理词汇中英对译（1）entisol 新成土entrenched meander 嵌入曲流；深切曲流entrenched stream 嵌入河；深切河entrenched valley 嵌入〔河〕如需要转载，请注明来自 FanE『翻译中国』http;///谷；深切〔河〕如需要转载，请注明来自 FanE『翻译中国』http;///谷entrepot 转口港entrepreneur 企业家entrepreneurial factor 企业管理因素environmental capacity 环境容量environmental conservation 环境保护environmental constraint 环境限制environmental degradation 环境退化environmental education 环境教育environmental gradient 环境梯度environmental hazard 环境灾害；环境危害environmental impact 环境影响environmental impact statment 环境影响报告environmental improvement 环境改善environmental lapse rate 环境〔温度〕如需要转载，请注明来自 FanE『翻译中国』http;///递减率；环境〔温度〕如需要转载，请注明来自 FanE『翻译中国』http;///直减率environmental perception 环境感观environmental planning 环境规则environmental pollution 环境污染environmental quality 环境质素environmental resources 环境资源environmental risk 环境风险Eocene epoch 始新世epeirogenic movement 造陆运动ephermeral (1)短生植物，(2)短生ephermeral stream 季节性河流；间歇〔性〕如需要转载，请注明来自 FanE『翻译中国』http;///河〔流〕如需要转载，请注明来自 FanE『翻译中国』http;///epicdermis 表皮epicentre 震央；震中epiphyte 附生植物Equator 赤道equatorial air mass 赤道气团equatorial climate 赤道气候equatorial low 赤道低〔气〕如需要转载，请注明来自 FanE『翻译中国』http;///压equatorial rain forest 赤道雨林equatorial trough 赤道低压槽eradication of disease 消除疾病erg (sandy desert) 砂质荒漠；砂质沙漠erodibility 可侵蚀性erosion 侵蚀erosion cycle 侵蚀循环erratic 漂石eruption 爆发escarpment 单斜山；马头丘estancia 大牧场(南美)estate (1)大农场，(2)estuarine delta 河口三角洲estuary 河口湾ethnic area 种族区ethnic group 种族群ethnic minority 少数种族ethnic segregation 种族隔离Eurasia 欧亚大洲eustasy 海面升降；海面进退eustatic movement 海面升降运动eutrophic 富养分eutrophication 富养化〔作用〕如需要转载，请注明来自 FanE『翻译中国』http;///evaporation 蒸发〔作用〕如需要转载，请注明来自 FanE『翻译中国』http;///evapotranspiration 蒸发蒸腾作用even (regular) slope 均匀坡evergreen forest 常绿林evolution 演化；进化excavation (1)掘蚀，(2)挖掘excessive urbanization 过度城市化exchange capacity 交换量exchangeable cation 交换性阳离子；交换性正离子exfoliation 剥离〔作用〕如需要转载，请注明来自 FanE『翻译中国』http;///；页状剥落〔作用〕如需要转载，请注明来自 FanE『翻译中国』http;///exhaust gas 废气；排气exhumation 剥露〔作用〕如需要转载，请注明来自 FanE『翻译中国』http;///exogenic process 外力作用；外成作用exotic river 外源河exponential curve 指数曲线export 出口export-oriented industry 出口导向工业exposed coast 裸露海岸；暴露海岸extended family 大家庭extensive farming 粗放式农业；广耕法external economies 外部经济效益external force 外〔营〕如需要转载，请注明来自 FanE『翻译中国』http;///力external migration 国外迁移；境外迁移extinct species 已灭绝生物品种extinct volcano 死火山extinction of species 品种灭绝extrapolation 外推法；外插法extreme climate 极端气候extreme environment 极端环境extreme event 极端事件extreme value 极值extrusion 喷出；挤出extrusive rock 喷出岩extrusive vulcanicity 喷出火山作用eye of tropical cyclone 〔热带气旋〕如需要转载，请注明来自 FanE『翻译中国』http;///风眼fabricating industry 装配工业factor of location 区位因素；布局因素factor of production 生产因素factor substitution 因素代替Fahrenheit scale 华氏温度表fall-line 瀑布线（美）fallow 休耕fallow time 休耕时间family planning 家庭计划；计划生育family-life cycle 家庭生活周期farm size 农场面积farm unit 农场单位farmer's calender 农民行事历farming 农业；耕作farming efficiency 农耕效率farming landscape 农业景观farming method 耕作方法farming practice 农耕方式farming research 农业研究farming season 农事季节farming settlement 农业聚落farming system 农业系统farmland 农地farmstead 农庄fathom line 〔等〕如需要转载，请注明来自 FanE『翻译中国』http;///噚线fault 断层；断裂fault breccia 断层角砾岩fault line 断层线；断裂线fault plane 断层面fault scarp 断层崖faulting 断层〔作用〕如需要转载，请注明来自 FanE『翻译中国』http;///；断裂〔作用〕如需要转载，请注明来自 FanE『翻译中国』http;///fault-line scarp 断层线崖fauna 动物群；动物区系fazenda 大农场（巴西）feature 形貌；特征feedback 反馈feedback loop 反馈环feeder road 支线公路feeding habit 摄食习性fell-field (1)荒高地，(2)稀矮植物区felspar (feldspar) 长石fen 沼泽fern 羊齿类动物；蕨ferrallitic soil 铁铝土Ferrel's law 费利尔定律ferricrete 铁质壳ferruginous soil 铁质土；富铁土fertility (1)肥力，(2)生育力，(3)出生率fertilizer 肥料fetch 吹程；浪程field boundary 农田边界field capacity (field moisture capacity) 田间持水量field crop 杂粮；大田作物field investigation 实地调查field moisture capacity (foeld capacity) 田间持水量field observation 实地观察；野外观察field of view 视野；视场field reconnaissance 实地查勘；野外查勘；实地初测；野外初测field size 农地面积field sketching 实地描绘；野外描绘field study 实地考察；野外考察field survey 实地调查；野外调查filtration 过滤financial centre 金融中心fine texture soil 幼质地土壤fine-grained rock 幼粒岩石finger lake 指状湖finished product 制成品finite population 有限总体fiord (fjord) 峡湾firebreak 隔火路firn (neve) 粒雪；永久积翮；永久冰雪fish pond 鱼塘fishing ground 渔场fissure eruption 裂缝喷发fixed cost 固定成本fixed dune 固定沙丘fjord (fiord) 峡湾flash flood 洪滥；山洪暴发flat rock 平岩flatted factory 分层工厂大厦flat-topped hill 平顶山floating dock 浮坞floating population (1)浮动人口，(2)水上人口flocculation 絮凝〔作用〕如需要转载，请注明来自 FanE『翻译中国』http;///flood (1)泛滥，(2)洪水flood abatement 消洪；灭洪flood alleviation 缓洪flood control 防洪；洪水控制flood crest (peak) 洪峰flood damage 洪〔水灾〕如需要转载，请注明来自 FanE『翻译中国』http;///害flood detention 滞洪flood discharge 洪水流量flood diversion 分洪flood duration (period) 汛期；洪水期flood forecasting (prediction) 洪水预报flood frequency 洪水频率flood hazard 洪患flood hydrograph 洪水过程线flood insurance 洪水保险flood irrigation 漫灌；淹灌flood level 洪水位flood peak (crest) 洪峰flood period (duaration) 汛期；洪水期flood prediction (forecasting) 洪水预报flood proofing 防洪flood protection 防洪；防汛flood regulation 洪水调节flood relief channel (floodway) 分洪道flood season 洪水季；汛期flood stage 洪水位flood storage 蓄洪flood wall 防洪墙flood warning 洪水警报flooding routing 洪水演算flooding wave 洪水波floodplain 泛滥平原floodplain management 泛滥平原管理floodway (flood relief channel) 分洪道flora 植物群；植物区系flow chart 流程图flow diagram 流程图flow line 流向线flow of energy 能量流动flow of resources 资源流动flow of structure 流状构造flow-line map 流向线图fluvial deposit 河流沉积物fluvial landform 河流地貌；河流地形fluvial morphology 河流形态fluvial process 河流作用fluviological deposit 冰水沉积物focal point 汇点；焦点focal region 汇点区fodder crop 饲料作物foehn (fohn) 焚风fog 雾fog drip 雾滴fohn (foehn) 焚风fold 褶曲；褶皱fold mountain 褶曲山；褶皱山folding 褶曲〔作用〕如需要转载，请注明来自 FanE『翻译中国』http;///；褶皱〔作用〕如需要转载，请注明来自 FanE『翻译中国』http;///foliated structure 菊状结构food chain 食物链food crop 粮食作物food processing industry 食品加工业food web 食物网foodhill settlement 山麓聚落footloose industry 无导向工业；随意区位工业forced migration 强迫迁移foreground 前景foreland 前地foreshock 前震foreshore 前滩forest 森林；树林forest floor (1)林地，(2)林床；林地被覆物forest reserve 护林区forestry 林业form ratio 宽深比（河流）forward bearing 向前方位fossil 化石fossil oil 化石燃料fracture zone 裂缝带fragment 碎屑free face 崖壁；直坡free-market economy 自由市场经济freeze-thaw action 冻融作用freezing 结冰freezing level 结冰高度freight rate 运费率；运价frequency 频数；频率；次数frequency distribution 频率分布frequency polygon 频数多边形；频率多边形fresh rock 新鲜岩石friable rock 酥炸土friction 摩擦；阻力friction of distance 路程阻力frictional drag (resistance) 摩擦曳力；摩擦阻力frictional layer 摩擦层frictional resistance (drag) 摩擦阻力；摩擦曳力frigid zone 寒带fringing reef 岸礁；边礁；裙焦front 锋frontal fog 锋面雾frontal precipitation 锋面降水frontal rain 锋面雨frontogenesis 锋生〔作用〕如需要转载，请注明来自 FanE『翻译中国』http;///frontolysis 锋消〔作用〕如需要转载，请注明来自 FanE『翻译中国』http;///frost 霜frost action (frost shattering) 冻裂〔作用〕如需要转载，请注明来自 FanE『翻译中国』http;///frost wedging 冻楔作用frost-free days (period) 无霜期fruit gathering 野果采摘fuel 燃料fumarole 喷气孔fume 烟function 功能functional classification 功能分类functional hierarchy 功能层系functional segregation 功能分化functional specialization 功能专门店functional unit 功能单位functional zone 功能区fungicide 杀真菌剂fungus 真菌furrow irrigation 沟灌gabbro 辉长岩galaxy 星系gale 大风；烈风gallery forest 走廊林gap 山峡gap town 峡口城市garden city 花园城市garment industry 制衣业；成衣业gaseous waste 气体废料gauging station 测水站；水文测量站gelifaction 胶凝〔作用〕如需要转载，请注明来自 FanE『翻译中国』http;///genetics 遗传学gentle slope 缓坡geo 海蚀隙geochemical cycle 地球化学循环geographical (true) north 正北geographical inertia 地理惯性geographical information system (GIS) 地理信息系统geologic (geological) time scale 地质年〔代〕如需要转载，请注明来自 FanE『翻译中国』http;///表geological age 地质年代geology 地质学geometric distribution 几何分布geometric progression 几何等级geostrophic wind 地转风geosyncline 地槽geothermal power 地热能geyser 间歇喷泉ghetto 〔城市中〕如需要转载，请注明来自 FanE『翻译中国』http;///少数民族区gill netting 刺网法glacial deposit (drift) 冰川沉积物；冰碛glacial landform 冰川地貌；冰川地形glacial plain 冰成平原glacial recession (retreat) 冰川后退glacial snout 冰川鼻；冰川前端glacial till (till) 冰川沉积物；冰碛物glacial trought 冰川槽glaciated valley 冰川谷glaciation 冰川作用glacier 冰川；冰河glaciofluvial deposit 冰水沉积；冰河沉积；冰川沉积gleization (gleying) 潜育〔作用〕如需要转载，请注明来自 FanE『翻译中国』http;///gley soil 潜育土gleying (gleization) 潜育〔作用〕如需要转载，请注明来自 FanE『翻译中国』http;///global circulation 全球环流global warming 全球增温globe 地球仪gneiss 片麻岩Gondwanaland 冈瓦那古陆gorge 峡谷gour (mushroom rock, pedestral rock) 菌状石；风蚀柱graben (rift valley) 地堑；裂谷grade (1)均夷，(2)粒级，(3)等级，(4)地度graded profile 均衡剖面gradient 坡度gradient wind 梯度风grain diameter 粒径grain elevator 谷物仓库granite 花岗岩granular distintegration 粒状崩解granule 团粒；颗粒graph 图表graphical interpretation 图表阐析graphical representation 图示；以图样表达grassland (1)草原，(2)草地gravel 砂砾gravity 重力；地心吸力gravity flow 重力水流gravity model 引力模式；重力模式grazing 放牧great circle 大图圈green area 绿化地区green belt 绿化带green manure 绿肥green philosophy 绿色哲学Green Revolution 绿色革命greenhouse effect 温室气体Greenwich (Prime) meridian 本初子午线grey desert soil 灰钙土grey desert steppe soil 灰色荒漠草原土grey-brown desert soil 灰棕色荒漠土grey-brown forest soil 灰棕色森林土grid 〔方〕如需要转载，请注明来自 FanE『翻译中国』http;///格网；图网grid line 格网线；图网线grid method 格网法；图网法grid north 格网北；图网北grid pattern 格网状grid reference 格网坐标；图网坐标grid road pattern 格网状道路型式grid square 格网方格；图网方格gridiron method 方格法grike 〔岩〕如需要转载，请注明来自 FanE『翻译中国』http;///溶沟；〔石炭〕如需要转载，请注明来自 FanE『翻译中国』http;///岩沟grinding 研磨作用gross domestic product (GDP) 国内生产总值；本地生产总值gross national product (GNP) 国民生产总值gross national product (GNP) per capita 人均国民生产总值gross primary production 总第一级生产量；总初级生产量gross raw material 毛量原料ground moraine 底碛ground photograph 地面照片ground radiation 地面幅射ground water 地下水ground water recharge 地下水补给groundmass 基质grouped data 分组数据；分组资料；分类数据；分类资料growing season 生长期growth centre 成长中心growth form 生长型groyne 海堤guard cell 保卫细胞gully 冲沟gully control 沟蚀防治gully erosion (gullying) 冲沟侵蚀；沟蚀gust 阵风gypsum 石膏habitat 生境hachuring 晕滃法Hadley cell 哈得来环流圈haematite (hematite) 赤铁矿hail 雹hailstone 雹块hailstorm 雹暴halo 晕；日晕halomorphic soil 盐成土halophilous plant (halophyte) 盐生植物hamada (hammade, rocky desert) 石〔质荒〕如需要转载，请注明来自 FanE『翻译中国』http;///漠；石〔质沙〕如需要转载，请注明来自 FanE『翻译中国』http;///漠；岩漠hamlet 小村庄hammade (hammade, rocky desert) 石〔质荒〕如需要转载，请注明来自 FanE『翻译中国』http;///漠；石〔质沙〕如需要转载，请注明来自 FanE『翻译中国』http;///漠；岩漠hand specimen 手标本handicraft industry 手工业hanging glacier 悬冰川hanging valley 悬谷hardness 硬度hardpan 硬盘hardwood 硬木Harris & Ullman's Multi-Nuclei Model 哈里期和乌尔复核心模式harvest 收成；收获haulage 运费hazard 灾害；公害haze 霾head of navigation 通航终点headland 岬headwater erosion 向源侵蚀；溯源侵蚀headwater erosion 源头heat (thermal) capacity 热容量heat (thermal) pollution 热污染heat absorption 热吸收heat balance 热量平衡heat budget 热量收支heat island 热岛heat release 放热heat transfer 热量输送heat wave 热浪heath 荒原heavy industry 重工业heavy metal 重金属heavy soil 黏重土〔壤〕如需要转载，请注明来自 FanE『翻译中国』http;///hectare 公顷hectopascal (hPa) 百帕斯卡hematite (haematite) 赤铁矿herb 草本植物herbicide 除草剂；除莠剂herbivore 食草动物Hercynian mountain-building movement 海西造山运动herding 畜牧hertz 赫（频率单位）heterogeneous 异类；异质heterotroph 异养生物hierarchy 层系；阶层high class residential zone 高等阶层住宅区；高尚住宅区high density development 高密度发展high order function 高级功能high order goods 高档商品high pressure area 高压区high pressure system 高压系统high technology 高科技high tide 高潮；满潮highland climate 高山气候high-order manufacturing 高级工业high-rise building 高建楼宇high-rise development 高建发展high-water mark 高潮线；高水位线highway transport 公路运输hill-shading 晕渲法；阴影法hinterland 腹地histogram 直方图historical factor 历史因素historical inertia 历史惯性histosol 有机土；泥灰土；沼泽土hoar frost 白霜hobby-farmer 业余农民Holocene epoch 全新世Home Ownership Scheme 居者有其屋计划homeostasis 自动平衡；体内平衡homestead 家园；田园；宅地homogeneous 同类；同质honeycomb weathering 蜂窝状风化〔作用〕如需要转载，请注明来自 FanE『翻译中国』http;///horizantal integration 水平式合拼；横向合并；横向联合horizantal linkage (lateral linkage) 水平式联系；横向联系horizon (1)地平线，(2)土层horizontal distance (equivalent) 水平距离horizontal scale 水平比例〔尺〕如需要转载，请注明来自 FanE『翻译中国』http;///horn (pyramidal peak) 角峰horse latitudes 亚热带无风带horst 地垒horticulture 园艺〔业〕如需要转载，请注明来自 FanE『翻译中国』http;///host 寄主hot desert 热带荒漠；热带沙漠hot spring 温泉household 户；户口housing estate 屋housing problem 房屋问题Hoyt's Sector Theory 霍伊特楔形模式；霍伊特扇形模式human adjustment 人为调节；人为调节的行动humic acid 腐殖酸humid climate 湿润气候humidity 湿度humification 腐殖质化〔作用〕如需要转载，请注明来自 FanE『翻译中国』http;///humus 腐殖质hurricane 飓风hybrid 杂种hydration 水化〔作用〕如需要转载，请注明来自 FanE『翻译中国』http;///；水合〔作用〕如需要转载，请注明来自 FanE『翻译中国』http;///hydraulic action 水力作用hydraulic head 〔压力〕如需要转载，请注明来自 FanE『翻译中国』http;///水头hydraulic radius 水力半径hydridaisation 杂交；杂化hydrocarbon 碳氢化合物hydro-electric power 水力发电hydrograph 水文过程线hydrological (water) cycle 水分循环hydrology 水文学hydrolysis 水解〔作用〕如需要转载，请注明来自 FanE『翻译中国』http;///hydromorphic soil 水成土hydrophyte 水生植物hydrosphere 水圈；水界hygrometer 湿度计hygrophyte 湿生植物hygroscopic nuclei 吸湿核心hygroscopic water 浅成岩hypothesis 假设hypothesis testing 假设检验ice age 冰河时期；冰期ice cap 冰盖；冰冠ice cap climate 冰盖气候；冰冠气候ice crystal 冰晶；冰晶体ice nuclei 冰核ice sheet 冰原；冰盖iceberg 冰山ice-dammed lake 冰堰湖igneous activity 岩浆活动igneous rock 火成岩illiteracy rate 文盲率illuvial horizon 淀积层immature soil 未成年土immigrant 移民immigration 国外移入impended drainage 不良排水impermeable 不透水impermeable rock 不透水岩impervious rock 不透水岩import 进口import substitution 代替进口；进口取代in situ 原位incineration 焚化；焚烧incised meander 深切曲流inclination of the earth's axis 地轴倾斜度independent variable 自变量；自变数index 指数；指标indicator species 指示物种indigenous population 土著indigenous species 本地品种induced earthquake 诱发地震industrial activity 工业活动industrial agglomeration 工业集聚industrial area 工业区industrial base 工业基地industrial chain 工业链锁industrial development 工业发展industrial dispersion 工业离散industrial district 工业区industrial estate 工业industrial growth 工业增加industrial inertia 工业惯性industrial land use 工业土地利用industrial landscape 工业景观industrial linkage 工业联系industrial location 工业区位industrial pattern 工业型式industrial population 工业人口industrial relocation 工业区位转移Industrial Revolution 工业革命industrial sector 工业部门；工业部份industrial shift 工业转移industrial sururb 市效工业区industrial waste 工业废料industrial zone 工业区industrialization 工业化industry (1)工业，(2)行业infant mortality rate 婴儿死亡率infanticide 杀婴infiltration rate 下渗率；渗润率infinite population 无限总体inflation 通货膨胀inflitration 下渗〔作用〕如需要转载，请注明来自 FanE『翻译中国』http;///；渗润〔作用〕如需要转载，请注明来自 FanE『翻译中国』http;///informal recreational activities 非形式化康乐活动infrared radiation 红外线幅射infrastructure 基本建设；基本设施inland drainage 内陆水系inland port 内陆港inlet 小湾in-migration 国内人口迁移；向内人口迁移inner city 内城区inner city decay 内城衰落inorhanic pollutant 无机污染物input 投入；输入insecticide 杀虫剂inselberg 岛山；残丘inshore fishing 近岸捕鱼insolation 日射instability 不稳定〔状态〕如需要转载，请注明来自 FanE『翻译中国』http;///institutional factor 制度因素institutional influence 制度影响institutional land use 社团土地利用instrusion 侵入instrusive rock 侵入岩instrusive vulcanicity 侵入火山活动integrated iron and steel works 钢铁联合企业intensity of development 发展密度intensity of rainfall 降雨强度intensive farming 精耕法；集约式农业interception (1)截留，(2)截取intercropping 间种〔法〕如需要转载，请注明来自 FanE『翻译中国』http;///interdependence 相互依赖interflow 间层流；表层流interlocking spur 交错山咀intermediate technology 中等科技intermittent stream 间竭河流；断续河流；季节河流intermontance basin 山间盆地internal force 内〔营〕如需要转载，请注明来自 FanE『翻译中国』http;///力internal migration 国内迁移；境内迁移internal structure of city 城市内部结构International Date Line 国际日期〔变更〕如需要转载，请注明来自 FanE『翻译中国』http;///线interpolation 插值〔法〕如需要转载，请注明来自 FanE『翻译中国』http;///interquartile range 四分位数间距interrelationship 相互关系interrupted stream 中断河Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) 热带幅合带inter-tropical front 热带锋inter-urban interaction 城市间相互作用inter-urban migration 城市间人口迁移interviewing 访问intervisibility 互见度intra-urban interaction 市内相互作用intra-urban migration 市内人口迁移intra-urban mobility 市内流动intra-urban transport 市内运输intrazonal soil 隐域土invasion 〔植物〕如需要转载，请注明来自 FanE『翻译中国』http;///侵入inversion layer 逆温层investment 投资ionisation 电离〔作用〕如需要转载，请注明来自 FanE『翻译中国』http;///；离子化〔作用〕如需要转载，请注明来自 FanE『翻译中国』http;///iron and steel industry 钢铁业irregular (uneven) slope 不均匀坡irrigation 灌溉irrigation canal 灌溉渠island arc 岛弧isobar 等压线isobaric surface 等压面isodapane 等总运费线isohyet 等雨量线isolated state 孤立国isoline (isopleth) 等值线isoline map 等值线地图isopleth 等值线isoseismal line 等震线isostasy 地壳均衡isostatic adjustment 〔地壳〕如需要转载，请注明来自 FanE『翻译中国』http;///均衡调节isotherm 等温线isotim 等运费线isthmus 地峡jet stream 射流；〔对流层顶〕如需要转载，请注明来自 FanE『翻译中国』http;///急流joint 节理joule 焦耳journey to school 上学旅程journey to shop 购物旅程journey to work 上班旅程Jurassic period 侏罗纪kame 冰砾阜kame terrace 冰砾阶地kaolin 高岭土karez 坎儿井karst region 岩溶地区；喀斯特地区katabatic wind 下坡风kettle (kettle hole) 锅穴key 图例kilojoule 千焦耳kinetic energy 动能knick point 裂点；节点knoll 圆丘knot (1)浬／小时；浬，(2)山结Koppen's climate classification 柯本气候分类〔法〕如需要转载，请注明来自 FanE『翻译中国』http;///krasnozem 红壤K-value K值labour 劳力；劳动力；劳工labour mobility 劳工流动[性]labour resources 劳力资源labour-intensive industry 劳工密集工业labour-oriented industry 劳工导向工业laccolith 岩株; 岩盖lacustrine deposit 湖泊沉积lacustrine plain 湖成平原ladang 迁移农业 ; 移动性农业 ; 游耕 (东南亚)lafe expectancy 预期寿命lagoon (1)舄湖 , (2)气化塘laissez-faire policy 自由放任政策lake 湖泊laminar flow 层流 ; 片流land breze 陆风land extensive industry 广占土地工业land intensive industry 土地集约工业land pollution 陆地污染 ; 土地污染land reform 土地改革land rent 地租land subsidence 土地沉陷 ; 地陷 ; 地面沉降land tenure 土地占有制land use (utlization) 土地利用land use adjustment 土地利用调整land use classification 土地利用分类land use intensity 土地利用密度land use map 土地利用图land use pattern 土地利用型式land use survey 土地利用调查land use type 土地利用类型land use zone 土地用途区land use zoning 土地用途分区制land utilization (use) 土地利用land value 地价landfill 堆填区landform 地貌 ; 地形landlocked country 内地国家landlordism 地主所有制landmark 地界标志landmass 陆块land-ownership 土地拥有权landscape 景观landscape evaluation 景观评价landslide (landslip) 山泥倾泻 ; 山崩lapilli 火山砾lapse rate [温度]递减率 ;[温度]直减率large scale map 大比例[尺]地图latent heat 潜热lateral erosion 侧蚀 ; 旁蚀lateral linkage (horizontal linkage) 水平式联系 ; 横向联系lateral moraine 侧[冰]碛laterite 砖红壤laterization 砖红壤化[作用]latitude 纬度latitudinal extent 纬度相距 ; 纬线跨度latosol 砖红壤性土Laurasia 劳亚古陆lava 熔岩lava cone 熔岩锥lava dome 熔岩穹lava flow 熔岩流lava pleateau 熔岩高原layer colouring (tinting) 分层着色法leaching 淋溶[作用] ; 淋滤[作用]least cost 最低成本least-cost location 最低成本区位leeward slope 背风坡legend 图例 ; 图式leguminous crop 豆科作物less developed country 欠发达国家levee (natural dyke) 天然堤levee failure 崩堤 ; 决堤level of development 发展水平level crossing 平交道levelling (1)削平 ; 夷平[作用], (2)平整土地 , (3)水准测量ley (1)临时性草地 , (2)轮作草地ley crop 休闲期作物ley farming 休闲期耕作liana 藤本植物lichen 地衣life cycle 生命周期life form 生活型life table 生命表light industry 轻工业light intensity 光强度light soil 轻质土lightening 闪电lignite 褐煤limb of fold 褶曲翼lime 石灰lime accumulation 石灰累积[作用]limestone 石灰岩limiting factor 限制因素limon 黄土(欧洲)line (linear) scale 直线比例尺line fising (lining) 绳钓法line graph 线形图line of weakness 弱线line transect 横切线 ; 线状样条linear (line) scale 直线比例尺linear city 长形城市linear settlement 带状聚落lining (line fishing) 绳钓法linkage 联系lithosol 石质土lithosphere 岩石圈litter (1)枯枝落叶 ; 枯死地被物 , (2)垃圾littoral zone 滨海带 ; 海岸带livestock rearing 畜养[业] ; 饲养[业] ; 畜牧[业] livestock waste collection 禽畜废物收集load 搬运物 ; 负载物loam 壤土loamy sand 壤质沙土local wind 地方性风 ; 本地风locality 地点location 区位locational analysis 区位分析locational factor 区位因素locational pattern 区位型式locational quotient 区位商数locational rent 区位租locational requirment 区位需求locational triangle 区位三角形lock 船闸 ; 水闸lode 矿脉loess 黄土log graph 对数图logarithm 对数logging 伐木long (longitudinal)profile 纵剖面long lining 延绳[钓]法long term planning 长期规划long wave 长波long=range forecasting 长期预报longitude 经度longitudinal (concordant)coast 顺向海岸 ; 纵式淤岸longitudinal (long) profile 纵剖面longitudinal dune 纵向沙丘longitudinal extent 经度相距 ; 经线跨度longitudinal wave 纵波longshore drift 沿岸漂移Lorenz curve 罗兰氏曲线low class residential zone 低等阶层住宅区low density development 低密度发展low order function 低级功能low order goods 低级商品low pressure area 低压区low pressure system 低压系统low technology 低科技low tide 低潮lower class limit 组下限lower course 下游lower-income group 较低收入组别lowland 低地low-order manufacturing 初级工业low-rise development 低建发展low-water mark 低潮线 ; 低水位线lumbering 伐木[业]macronutrient 主要营养素magma 岩浆magnetic declination (variation) 磁偏角magnetic north 磁北magnetic variation (declination) 磁偏角magnitude 强度main stream 干流mallee scrub 桉树灌丛（澳洲）malnutrition 营养不良Malthusian theory 马尔萨斯〔人口〕如需要转载，请注明来自 FanE『翻译中国』http;///理论mangrove 红树林man-land ratio 人地比率man-land relationship 人地关系man-made earthquake 人为地震manpower resources 人力资源mantle (1)地幔；(2)风化覆盖层mantle plume 地幔热柱manufactured goods 制成品manufacturing industry 制造业manure 粪肥map enlargement 地图放大〔法〕如需要转载，请注明来自 FanE『翻译中国』http;///map extract 地图摘录map interpretation 地图阐释；地图判读map projection 地图投影map reading 地图阅读map reduction 地图缩小〔法〕如需要转载，请注明来自 FanE『翻译中国』http;///map symbol 地图符号mapping 地图编绘；绘图marble 大理岩；大理石marginal cost 边际成本marginal land 边际用地；边际地marine (martime) climate 海洋〔性〕如需要转载，请注明来自 FanE『翻译中国』http;///气候marine organism 海洋生物maritime (marine) climate 海洋〔性〕如需要转载，请注明来自 FanE『翻译中国』http;///气候maritime air mass 海洋气团market area 市场区market gardening (truck farming) 园艺农业；蔬菜耕种market threshold 市场限值market town 墟镇marketing principle 市场原则market-oriented industry 市场导向工业marsh 沼泽；湿地mass movement (mass wastage, mass wasting) 块体移动；块体运动；物质坡移mass production 大量生产；大规模生产mass transit 集体运输mass wasting (mass movement, mass wastage) 块体运动；块体移动；物质坡移material index 原料指数matrix 〔矩〕如需要转载，请注明来自 FanE『翻译中国』http;///阵mature soil 成年土maximum temperature 最高温度maximum thermometer 最高温度计meadow soil 草甸土mean 平均值mean annual temperature 年平均温度mean daily temperature 日平均温度mean deviation 平均差；平均偏差mean sea level 平均海平面meander 曲流；河曲measurement 量度mechanical (physical) weathering 机械性风化；物理性风化mechanically formed sedimentary rock 机械作用形成的沉积岩mechanization 机械化medial moraine 中〔冰〕如需要转载，请注明来自 FanE『翻译中国』http;///碛median 中位数Mediterranean agriculture 地中海式农业Mediterranean climate 地中海〔式〕如需要转载，请注明来自 FanE『翻译中国』http;///气候megahertz 兆赫（频率单位，千周／秋）megalopolis 大城市群区；巨大城市带；巨大都会带megathermal climate 高温气候melting pot 各种族融化地（美）meltwater 融水mental map 意象图mercury barometer 水银气压计meridian 子午线；经线merino sheep 麦兰奴种绵羊mesa 方山；平顶山mesophyte 中生植物mesothermal climate 中温气候Mesozoic era 中生代metabolism 代谢作用metamorphic rock 变质岩metamorphism 变质作用meteorology 气象学methane 甲烷；沼气metropolis 都会metropolitan area 都会区metropolitan primacy 大都会首市现象mica 云母microclimate 微气候；小气候microclimatic survey 微气候测量；小气候测量micron 微米micronutrient 微量营养素micro-organism 微生物microrelief 微地形microthermal climate 低温气候mid-Atlantic ridge 大西洋中脊middle course 中流middle-class residential zone 游中等阶层住宅区middle-income group 中等收入组别mid-latitude desert 中纬度荒漠；中纬度沙漠mid-latitude zone 中纬度地带midnight-sun 夜半太阳mid-oceanic ridge 大洋中脊mid-year population 年中人口migration 迁移migratory dune 流动沙丘milestone 里程碑Milky Way 银河millet (1)小米，(2)狗尾草属植物millibar 亳巴million city 百万人口城市Minamate disease 水鈱病（日）；甲基汞中毒mineral 矿物mineral resources 矿物资源mineral soil 矿物质土壤mineralization 矿化作用minimum temperature 最低温度minimum thermometer 最低温度计mining 采矿minority group 少数群minority race 少数民族Miocene epoch 中新世miracle rice 奇迹米misfit stream 不〔相〕如需要转载，请注明来自 FanE『翻译中国』http;///称河；缩量河mist 薄雾mistral 密史脱拉风（地中海北岸）mixed farming 混合农业mixed land use 混合土地利用mobile belt 活动带mobility 流动性modal class 众数组mode 众数mode of transport 运输方式model (1)模式，(2)模型moderately populated 中量人口密度Mohorovicic Discontinuity (Moho) 莫霍〔洛维奇〕如需要转载，请注明来自 FanE『翻译中国』http;///不连续面；莫霍〔洛维奇〕如需要转载，请注明来自 FanE『翻译中国』http;///界面moisture 水分；湿气；水汽molasse (1)磨砾石，(2)稠糖浆mollisol 软土molten rock 熔岩monadnock 残丘monitoring 监测；监察monoculture 单一作物种monopoly 独占；垄断；专卖monsoon 季〔候〕如需要转载，请注明来自 FanE『翻译中国』http;///风monsoon climate 季风气候monsoon forest 季风林montane (mountain) forest 高山树林mor 粗腐殖质；酸性有机质moraine 冰碛moraine-dammed lake 冰碛堰塞湖more developed country 较发达国家mortality rate 死亡率moss 藓motor-car industry 汽车制造业mottled zone 斑纹带mountain 高山mountain (montane) forest 高山树林mountain arc 山弧mountain barrier 高山屏障mountain breeze (wind) 山风mountain building 造山运动mountain climate 高山气候mountain range 山脉mountain root 山根mountain wind (breeze) 山风mud-flat 泥滩mudflow 泥流mudstone 泥岩mulch 覆盖物mull 细腐殖质multi-function city 多功能城市multinational enterprise 跨国企业multiple cropping 复种；多造耕作multiple nuclei model 多核心模式multiplier effect 乘数效应multi-purpose scheme 多目标计划；多用途计划multi-purpose trip 多目标旅程multi-storey building 多层建筑物municipality 〔直辖〕如需要转载，请注明来自 FanE『翻译中国』http;///市mushroom rock (gour, pedestal rock) 菌状石；风蚀柱nappe 逆掩褶曲；推覆体national primacy 国家性首市现象nationality 国籍natural arch 天然拱natural disaster 自然灾害natural dyke (levee) 天然堤natural ecosystem 自然生态系统natural environment 自然环境natural harbour 天然港natural hazard 自然灾害natural increase 自然增长natural landscape 自然景观natural resources 自然资源natural selection 自然选择natural system 自然系统natural vegetation 自然植被nature conservation 自然保护nature reserve 自然保护区nature trail 自然教育径nearest neighbour analysis 最近邻分析negative correlation 负相关negative feedback 负反馈negative population growth 负人口增长negative relationship 负关系；负相关negative skewness 负偏态neighbourhood shopping centre 邻近购物中心neo-natal mortality rate 新生婴儿死亡率nesting 镶嵌net migration 净移民〔量〕如需要转载，请注明来自 FanE『翻译中国』http;///net primary production 净第一级生产量；净初级生产量net solar radiation 净太阳辐射net terrestrial radiation 净地面辐射network 网；网络neve (firn) 粒雪；永久积雪；永久冰雪new town 新市镇niche (1)雪，(2)小生境nimbostratus 雨层云nimbus 雨云nitric acid 硝酸nitrification 硝化作用nitrogen cycle 氮循环nitrogen fixation 固氮作用nitrogen-fixing bacteria 硝化细菌nocturnal cooling 夜间冷却nodal city 中心市nodal region 核心区。
环境工程专业英语第二版课后习题答案
鐘理主編環境工程專業英語課後習題Unit 1 (P.4)1 Based on Reading Material, put the following into Chinese.life expectancy ：耐用期限，平均壽命poverty-stricken ：貧窮の，貧困の，貧乏のsmog-laden air ：煙霧彌漫の天空，煙霧繚繞の空氣，陰霾天氣global conditions ：全球狀況haves and have-nots ：富人和窮人underprivileged ：社會地位低下の，相對貧困の，生活水平低下の，弱勢のsavanna ：熱帶大草原，稀樹草原predator ：食肉動物，捕食者environmental disruptions ：環境破壞，環境失調2 Put the following into English.農藥—pesticide / agricultural chemicals (including: pesticide, germicide, herbicide)化肥—chemical fertilizer有機廢物—organic wastes微生物—microorganism / microbe衰減—attenuation阻滯の—retardant / blocking稀釋—dilution添加劑—additive合成塑料—synthetic plastic再生—regenerationUnit 3 (P.19)1 Put the following into Chinese.(1) Raw materials that lose their usefulness because they sit on the shelf too long become waste.原材料放置過久會失去它們本身性能而變成廢棄物。
(2) Poor cleaning of parts or inadequate dragout time will reduce the usefulness of the process chemicals, increase the cost of waste disposal, and the cost of chemical replacement.不良の零件清洗或者不充分の接觸時間將減少工藝過程中化學品の有用性，增加處理廢棄物の費用以及替換化學藥品の費用。
Reading Material_信息管理专业英语教程（第2版）_[共3页]
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Information Management concepts
Following the behavioral[7] science theory of management, mainly developed at Carnegie[8] Mellon University and prominently represented by Barnard, Richard M. Cyert, March and Simon, most of what goes on in service organizations is actually decision making and information processing. The crucial[9] factor in the information and decision proceing analysis is thus individuals’ limited ability to process information and to take decisions under these limitations.
[2] n．递送，交付，发送，传输
Throughout the 1970s this was largely limited to files, file
maintenance, and the life cycle management of paper-based files, other media and records. With the proliferation[3] of information [3] n．增殖
management a simple job that could be performed by almost
地理专业词汇英语翻译(S)
地理专业词汇英语翻译(S)地理专业词汇英语翻译(S)地理专业词汇英语翻译(S)saddle鞍safe yield安全出水率safety安全safety copy第二底图safety zone安全地带sagebrush desert蒿属荒漠salic horizon积盐层salification积盐saline alkali soil盐碱土saline deposit盐分沉淀物saline land盐地saline meadow盐化草甸saline soil盐土saline spring盐泉saline water咸水salinity盐度salinization盐化salivation唾液分泌salmonellosis沙门氏菌病salorthid盐磐旱成土salt and halite deposit盐和石盐矿床salt balance盐分平衡salt content盐度salt crust盐结皮salt desert盐土荒漠salt dome盐丘salt index盐分指标salt lake盐湖salt marsh盐水沼泽salt pan盐盘salt resistance抗盐性salt secretion盐分泌salt sensitiveness盐分敏感性salt steppe盐渍草原salt tolerance耐盐度salt weathering盐风化salting out effect盐析效应saltwater盐水saltwort钾猪毛菜salty soils盐化土壤salvage废弃物samarium钐sample样品sample area标地sample interval取样间隔sample region样区sampler采样器sampling采样sampling method抽样法sampling theorem取样定理sanatorium疗养院sand沙sand bath砂浴sand dune沙丘sand grains砂粒sand hill砂丘sand ridges沙脊sand storm沙暴sand wave砂波sand whirl沙旋风sandbergerite锌铜矿sandstone砂岩sandstone soil砂岩土sandy clay砂质粘土sandy clay loam砂质粘壤土sandy desert纯沙沙漠sandy desert soils砂质漠境土sandy loam砂壤sandy muck砂质腐泥土sandy soil砂土sangpaltonite上八洞石sanidine透长石sanson flamsteed projection桑森弗兰斯蒂投影法sanson projection桑森弗兰斯蒂投影法sap汁液sap fruit多汁果saponite皂石sapphire蓝宝石sapping基蚀saprist高分解有机土saprodontia龋齿sapropel腐泥sapropelic coal腐泥煤sapropelite腐泥岩saprophagous animals食腐动物saprophagous organisms腐生生物saprophyte腐生植物saprophytism腐生satellite卫星satellite cloud image卫星云图satellite coverage卫星覆盖范围satellite derived sea surface temperature卫星海面温度satellite geodesy卫星大地测量学satellite hydrology卫星水文学satellite meteorology卫星气象学satellite oceanology卫星海洋学satellite operation control center卫星运行控制中心satellite photogrammetry卫星摄影测量satellite photography卫星摄影satellite remote sensing卫星遥感satellite sounding卫星探测satellite town卫星城镇satellite wind卫星风saturated adiabatic lapse rate饱和绝热递减率saturated air饱和空气saturated mineral饱和矿物saturated rock饱和岩石saturated soil paste饱和土浆saturated solution饱和溶液saturation饱和saturation deficiency饱和差saturation extract饱和浸提液saturation index饱和指数saturation magnetization饱和磁化saturation percentage饱和百分率saturation point饱和点saturnigraphy土星表面学sausage structure香肠构造savanna稀噬草原savanna forest稀瘦原林save image保存图象saxoul梭梭scabies疥疮scalar标量scalar quantity标量scale鳞scale accuracy比例尺精度scale calculated from a map求得比例尺scale conversion比例尺改变scale denominator比例尺分母scale determination比例尺确定scale division缩尺分划scale error尺度误差scale model缩尺模型scale of seismic intensities地震烈度表scale of survey测图比例尺scale preservation比例尺不变性scale structure鳞片结构scaling factor比例系数scaly structure鳞片状结构scan digitizer扫描数字化仪scan image扫描影象scan plotter扫描绘图机scan resolution扫描分辨率scandium钪scanner扫描仪scanner aerial image扫描航空图象scanner distorsion扫描图像失真scanning device扫描装置scanning field扫描场scanning line扫描线scanning method扫描法scanning microwave radiometer扫描微波辐射计scanning microwave spectrometer扫描微波频谱仪scanning point扫描光点scanning sonar扫描声呐scanning speed扫描速度scapolite方柱石scarrys岩岛群scatterd radiation散射辐射scattered light散射光scattering散射scattering matrix散布矩阵scavenger食腐动物scawtite碳硅钙石scheelite白钨矿schematic map草图schematic profile示意剖面scheme略图schist结晶片岩schist forming process片理schistose structure层状结构schistosity片理schistosomiasis血吸虫病schistosomiasis japonica日本血吸虫病school cartography教学地图制图学school map教学地图schorlite黑电气石schungite次石墨science of disaster灾害学science of sciences科学学scientific information科学情报scintillation闪烁scintillation counter闪烁计数器scintillation detector闪烁检测器scintillator闪烁体sciophyte阴地植物scirocco五可风scismic zone地震带sclerophyte硬叶植物scleroscope硬度计sclerotinite菌核体scoria熔岩渣滓scoria cone火山渣锥scoria tuff滓状凝灰岩scour洗刷scouring sand漂洗砂scraper刮刀scratching hardness擦硬度scree岩屑堆screen网屏screen analysis筛析screen angle网目角度screen density网线数screen gear网屏齿轮screen image屏像screen plate网目版screened area加网区screened negative加网阴图片screened positive加网阳片screening加网scribe coating刻图膜scribe key刻绘底图scribing刻图scribing instruments刻图工具scrub低矮丛林scud碎云sculpture纹饰sculptured relief刻蚀地形sea breeze海风sea cave海蚀洞sea cliff海崖sea clutter echo海面干扰回波sea current海流sea floor海底sea floor spreading theory海底扩张说sea hemisphere海半球sea ice海冰sea level海平面sea level change海面变动sea level line海面线sea level pressure海平面气压sea mile海里sea mounts海底山sea salt海盐sea surface海面sea surface current表层海流sea surface roughness海面粗糙度sea surface wind海面风sea terraces海成阶地sea urchins海胆类sea water海水sea water color海水颜色sea water encroachment海水倒灌sea wind向岸风seam层seaport海港seaquake海震season季节seasonal aspect季相seasonal dynamics季节性动态seasonal form季节型seasonal lake季节湖seasonal migration季节性迁移seasonal periodicity季节周期seasonal variation季节变异seasonal vicariad季节性代替种seasonally frozen ground季节性冻土seaweeds海藻secant割线secchi disc透萌板seclusion闭塞secondary alkalinity次生碱度secondary anomaly次生异常secondary clay次生粘土secondary community次生群落secondary concretion次生结核secondary cyclone副气旋secondary deposit次生矿床secondary depression副低压secondary dispersion halos次生分散晕secondary enrichment次生富集secondary enrichment zone二次富集带secondary environment次生环境secondary fold小褶曲secondary forest次生林secondary geochemical anomaly次生地球化学异常secondary minerals次生矿物secondary ore次生矿secondary rainbow副虹secondary standard二次标淮secondary structure次生构造secondary succession次生演替secondary wave次波secretion分泌secretory nerve分泌神经section部分sectorized picture分区图secular equilibrium久期平衡secular movements of the earth's crust长期地壳运动secular subsidence缓慢沉陷secular upheaval缓慢隆起secular variation长期变化sedge苔草sedge grass spruce forest苔草禾本云杉林sedge meadow莎草草甸sediment沉积sediment discharge输沙量sediment discharge measurement输沙量测定sedimentary complex沉积杂层sedimentary cycle沉积旋回sedimentary deposit沉积矿床sedimentary facies沉积相sedimentary layer of the earth's crust地壳沉积层sedimentary mantle沉积盖层sedimentary peat沉积泥炭sedimentary petrography沉积岩石学sedimentary petrology沉积岩石学sedimentary placer deposit沉积砂矿床sedimentary rhythm沉积岩韵律sedimentary rock沉积岩sedimentation沉积酌sedimentation analysis沉降分析sedimentation equilibrium沉积平衡sedimentation rate沉淀速度sedimento eustatism积沉性海面升降运动sedimentology沉积学sedimentophilous elements亲沉积元素sedimetary geochemistry况积物地球化学sedimetary ore deposit沉积矿床seed种子seed bed苗床seed plant种子植物seed year结实年seeding幼苗seeding felling下种伐seeding time播种期seepage渗透seepage anomaly渗出异常seepage line浸润线seepage loss渗出损失segment节segment of a globe地球仪分段segmentation分段segregated ice离析冰segregation分泌seiches湖面波动seism地震seismic focus震源seismic intensity烈度seismic intensity scale地震强度分级seismic map地震图seismic oscillation地震动seismic plane地震面seismic prospecting地震勘探seismic ray地震波射线seismic waves地震波seismic zoning地震区划seismicity地震活动seismogeography地震地理学seismogramm地震图seismograph地震仪seismology地震学seismometer地震仪seismometry地震测量seismoscope地震仪seismotectonic map地震构造图seismotectonics地震构造学seladonite绿鳞石selection选择selective absorption选择吸收selective cutting选择砍伐selective erosion选择侵蚀selective migration选择迁移selective revision部分修测selective weathering选择风化selectivity选择性selenium硒selenium pollution硒污染self cleaning capacity自净能力self excitation自激self mulching自幂self organization自组织self organizing system自组织系统self pollination自花传粉self potential自然电位self regulation自动第self thinning自己疏伐selfing自体受精selvage clay脉壁泥semeline榍石semi deciduous rain forest潮湿半落叶热带林semianthracite半无烟煤semiarid climate半干旱气候semiarid soil半干旱土壤semiconductor thermometer半导体温度表semidesert半荒漠semidiurnal tide半日潮semidiurnal wave半日波semimature soil半熟土semimetal半金属seminatural vegetation半自然植被semiobservation半测回semipolar bond半极性键semiprecious stone半宝石senility老年期sense of smell嗅觉sense organ感觉瀑sensible heat可感热sensitivity感光度sensitivity of a measuring instrument计测仪崎敏度sensitivity ratio敏感比sensitivity time correction灵敏度时间校正sensitometer感光计sensitometric characteristic curve感光特性曲线sensitometry感光度测定sensor感受器sensory area感觉区separation分选separation energy分离能separation of isotopes同位素分离separator分选机sepiolite海泡石sepsis败血症septic poison腐败毒septicemia败血症septum隔膜sequence次序sequence of crystallization结晶顺序sequence photography连续摄影sequential form后继地形sequential operation顺序操作sequential sampling序贯抽样serclimax演替系列顶极serial scan串联扫描sericite绢云母sericite schist绢云片岩sericitization绢云化sericulture蚕业series系列series of scales缩尺系列series parallel scan串并联扫描serotherapy血清疗法serpentine蛇纹石serum血清serum albumin血清白蛋白serum sickness血清病sesquioxide倍半氧化物sessile animals固着动物seston悬浮物set集合set of maps地图组seta刚毛setting浓缩settlement place居民地settling沉陷settling basin沉沙地settling velocity沉降速度severe storm暴风sewage废水sewage treatment污水处理sex hormone性激素sexadecimal number system十六进制记数制sextant六分仪sexual generation有性世代sexual reproduction有性生殖shade bearing tree阴性枢shade enduring plant耐荫性植物shade leaf阴叶shade plant阴地植物shade tolerance耐荫性shade tree绿荫树shading遮蔽shadow阴影shadow zone盲区shaft竖坑shale板岩shale soil页岩土shallow focus earthquake浅源地震shallow ploughing浅耕shallow root浅根shallow sea deposit浅海沉积shallow water浅水区shallow well浅井shape形状sharp crested weir锐顶堰sharp marginal definition边缘清晰度sharpening锐化sharpness敏锐sharpness of a line线划光洁度shear clevage剪劈理shear fault剪断断层shear folding剪褶皱shear fracture剪断裂shear joint剪节理shear strength抗剪强度shear wave切变波shear zone剪碎带shearing force剪切力shearing stress切应力sheet assembly镶嵌sheet assembly using positive materials正片镶嵌sheet corner values图廓点坐标值sheet erosion片蚀sheet flood表流sheet flow薄层地表水流sheet format图幅尺寸sheet index她图sheet layout图廓整饰样图sheet line system地图分幅sheet margin图边sheet memoir地图说明sheet numbering system地图分幅编号sheet pile板桩sheet structure片状结构shelf陆架shelf channel陆架谷shelf ice陆架冰shelf sea陆架海shell贝壳shell bank贝壳堤shell mound贝冢shell zone壳状区shelter隐避处shelter belts护田林带shiandra五味子shield地盾shield dunes盾状沙丘shield volcano盾状火山shifting sand飞砂shifting snow高吹雪shingle扁砾石shingle block structure叠瓦构造shipboard sonar舰艇声纳shipping line map水路交通图shoal浅滩shoalbank砂洲shock禾束堆shoot萌蘖shooting摄影shooting flow急流shore海滨shore deposits海滨沉积物shore ice滨冰shore line海岸线shore line of emergence上升滨线shore line of equilibrium平衡海岸线shore line of submergence下沉滨线shore sonar海岸声呐shore type岸边式shore wind岸风shoreface terrace滨前沉积阶地shoreline change海岸线变化short day plant短日照罪short flame coal短焰煤short grass meadow矮草草甸short grasses短草short period forecast短期预报short wave radiation短波辐射shoshonite正边粗玄岩shot丸状结构shot structure丸状结构shoulder of trough valley槽谷肩showery rain阵雨shrinkage cracks干缩裂缝shrinkage limit收缩限度shrinkage limit of soil土壤收缩限shrinkage of clay粘土的收缩酌shrinkage water收缩水shrub灌丛热带稀噬草原;灌木shrub invasion灌木侵入shrub steppe灌丛干草原shutter快门shutter disc快门片shutter efficiency快门效率shutter speed快门速度sial硅铝层siallitization硅铝化酌sialsphere硅铝层siberian dwarf pine偃松siberite紫电气石side面side chain侧链side condition边条件side length边长side looking sonar侧视声纳side mark边规side view侧视图side wall井壁sidereal day恒星日sidereal time恒星时sidereal year恒星年siderite菱铁矿siderolite石铁陨石sideronatrite纤钠铁矾siderophile elements亲铁元素sierozem灰钙土sieve筛子sieve analysis筛析sieve mesh筛孔sieve opening筛孔sieve residue筛渣sight axis视准轴sight line视准线sighting照准sighting device照准装置sighting mark照准标sighting plane照准面sighting point照准点sightseeing district旅游地sightseeing place旅游地sightseeing resource旅游资源sign标志signal信号signal anemometer信号风速计signal center通信枢纽signal to noise ratio信噪比signalized point标志点significanc level显著性水平significance test显著性检验significant slope有效波陡significant wave height有效波高silica alumina ratio硅铝率silica sand硅砂silica sesquioxide ratio硅铝铁率silicate硅酸盐silicatization process硅化过程siliceous concretion硅质结核siliceous rocks硅质岩类siliceous sediments硅质沉积siliceous shale硅质页岩siliceous sinter硅华siliceous slag硅土矿渣siliceous soil硅质土壤silicic acid硅酸silicification硅化silicified wood硅化木silicon硅silicosis硅肺silk screen printing丝网印刷silky lustre绢丝光泽sillimanite硅线石silt粉砂silt agglomeration粉粒聚积silt load混浊度silt loam粉砂壤土silt sampler泥沙取样器silting泥泞siltstone粉砂岩silty clay粉砂粘土silty clay loam粉砂粘壤土silver银silver deposit银矿床silviculture森林学simasphere硅镁岩similarity相似性similarity coefficient相似系数similarity distance相似性距离similarity level相似性水平similigley假潜育simoon紊风simple conic projection普通圆锥投影simple folding简单褶皱simple lattice单晶simple map素图simple volcano单火山simulation模拟实验simulation method模拟法simulation technique模拟法siner bar冲魂杆single bond单键single color printing单色印刷single grain structure单粒结构single map单张地图sinian period震旦纪sink hole灰岩坑sink lake落水洞湖sinter泉华sinter cone泉华丘sintering烧结sinuosity弯曲sinuosity of river水龙折sinusoidal projection正弦曲线投影siphon barometer虹吸气压表sismondinite镁硬绿泥片岩site生境site class级site quality地位质量situation plan平面布置图size尺寸size composition颗粒组成size cumulative curve粒度分布曲线size frequency curve颗粒分布粒径曲线size grade of soil土壤粒径度size of grain颗粒大小sizing筛分sizing analysis粒度分析skarn矽卡岩skeleton骨格skeleton soil粗骨土sketch草图sketch map地图草图skew angle倾斜角skewer标杆skin temperature表层温度sklodowskite硅镁铀矿slack water憩流憩潮slag矿渣slag formation造渣slate板岩slaty clay片岩状粘土sleet雨夹雪slick油膜slickenside断层擦痕;滑面slide载玻片slide rule计算尺sliding滑动sliding erosion滑塌侵蚀sliding surface滑面slight alkalinity微碱性slime稀泥slime fungi粘液菌slime water泥浆水slimy gley soil淤泥潜育土slip cleavage滑劈理slip fault滑断层slip off slope滑走坡slope坡slope bog斜面沼泽slope deposit坡地沉积slope diagram坡度尺slope erosion坡地侵蚀slope processes斜坡过程sludge acid淤渣酸slumping坍塌slush软冰small circle小圆small flag信号旗small flat bottom valley平谷small hail小雹small leaved forest小叶林small scale map小比例尺地图small scale map series小比例尺地图系列small town集镇small trench小沟smallest size to scale比例尺最小值smectite蒙脱石smithsonite菱锌矿smog烟雾smoke尘云smonitza黑油土smooth features柔性smooth fracture平滑断口smooth profile光滑剖面smoothed curve平滑曲线smut黑粉病snake venom蛇毒snow雪snow bank雪堆snow bridge雪桥snow cover积雪snow crystals雪晶snow density积雪密度;雪的密度snow depth雪深snow drift吹雪snow grains雪粒snow line雪线snow map雪图snow melt融雪snow melt water融雪水snow pellets霰snow protection plantation防雪林snow sampler积雪采样器snow shower阵雪snow stage雪尺snow storm雪暴snow survey测雪snow water融雪水snow wreath风积雪堆snowbreak雪折snowfall降雪量snowfield雪原snowflake雪花snowmelt融雪水snowmelt runoff融雪径流snowmelt runoff forecast融雪径沥报snowpatch雪区snowstorm雪暴soaked soil潜育土soap spent lye皂液sociation基群丛sod草皮soda feldspar钠长石soda rhyolite钠疗岩soda trachyte钠性粗面岩soddy karst覆盖喀斯特soddy podzolic soil生草灰化土sodic soil钠质土sodium钠sodium adsorption ratio钠吸附率sodium selenite亚硒酸钠sodium soil钠质土soft ground软土地面soft negative软底片soft rime雾淞soft target软目标soft water软水soggendalite多辉粗玄岩soil土壤soil abundance土壤丰富soil acidity土壤酸度soil aeration土壤通气性soil aggregate土壤团聚体soil air土壤空气soil alkalinity土壤碱度soil analysis土壤分析soil animal土壤动物soil association土壤组合soil atmosphere土壤空气soil auger土钻soil bacteria土壤细菌soil bacteriology土壤细菌学soil binding nature土壤的凝聚性soil biochemistry土壤生物化学soil biology土壤生物学soil borer土钻soil capillarity土壤毛管性soil characteristics土壤特性soil chemism土壤的化学酌soil chemistry土壤化学soil class土纲soil classifcation土壤分类soil climate土壤气候soil climate relationship土壤气候相关性soil climatology土壤气候学soil colloid土壤胶体soil color土色soil complex土壤复体soil compression土壤压实soil conditioner土壤改良剂soil conditioning土壤改良soil conditions土壤条件soil conservation土壤保持soil conservation measures土壤保持措施soil consistency土壤结持度soil constituent土壤成分soil constitution土壤组织soil corrosion土壤溶蚀soil cover土壤覆盖soil covering土壤覆盖soil creep土层蠕动soil cultivation土壤耕作soil degradation土壤退化soil density土壤密度soil denudation土壤侵蚀soil desinfection土壤消毒soil development土壤发育soil disinfectant土壤消毒剂soil dispersion土壤分散soil draining土壤排水soil dressing撒布肥土soil dynamics土壤动力学soil erosion map土壤侵蚀图soil evaporation土壤蒸发soil evolution土壤演变soil exhaustion土壤耗竭soil exploration土壤甸soil extract土壤浸出物soil factor土壤因素soil family土科soil fauna土壤动物区系soil fertility土壤肥力soil flora土壤植物区系soil formation成土过程soil forming factor土壤形成因素soil forming processes土壤形成过程soil freezing土壤冻结soil genesis土壤发生soil genus土壤属soil geography土壤地理学soil goechemistry土壤地球化学soil heterogeneity土壤差异性soil horizon土层soil identification program土质识别程序soil improvement改进soil in situ原生土soil index土壤指数soil ingineering土工学soil inoculation土壤接种soil investigation土壤甸soil judging土壤评价soil layer土层soil management土壤管理soil mantle土被soil map土壤图soil mapping土壤绘图soil maturity土壤成熟度soil mechanics土质力学soil microbes土壤微生物soil microbiology土壤微生物学soil microflora土壤微生物区系soil micromorphology微土壤学soil microorganism土壤微生物soil mineral土壤矿物soil moisture土壤湿度soil moisture constant土壤含水量常数soil moisture content土壤水分soil moisture regime土壤湿润状态soil moisture tension土壤水分张力soil monolith土壤整段标本soil mosaic土壤镶嵌soil organism土壤生物soil paludification土壤沼泽化soil particles土粒soil permeability土壤渗透性soil physics土壤物理学soil pollution土壤污染soil porosity土壤孔隙度soil productivity土壤生产力soil profile土壤剖面soil property土壤性质soil protective cover土壤保护覆盖层soil reaction土壤反应soil region土壤区soil regionalization土壤区划soil respiration土壤呼吸soil sample土样soil sampler土壤取样器采样土钻soil science土壤学soil self purification土壤自净酌soil series土系列soil sieve土壤筛soil skeleton土壤骨soil slide土层崩塌soil solution土壤溶液soil species土种soil stabilizer土壤稳定剂soil sterilization土壤灭菌soil stratification土壤层序soil stratigraphy土壤地层学soil stratum土层soil structure土壤结构soil survey土壤甸soil swamping沼泽化soil taxonomy土壤分类学soil temperature土壤温度soil test土壤试验soil testing土壤甸soil texture土壤质地soil thermometer土壤温度计soil type土类soil type map土壤类型图soil use classification土壤利用分类soil variety土壤变种soil water土壤水soil water zone土壤水带sol溶胶solar activity太阳活动solar constant太阳常数solar corona日华solar day太阳日solar eclipse日蚀solar energy太阳能solar halo日晕solar radiation太阳辐射solar salt太阳盐solar spectrum太阳光谱solar system太阳系solar tide太阳潮solar time太阳时solenoid力管solfatara硫气孔solid colloid固态胶体solid color普染色solid matter固态物质solid rainfall固态降水solid solution固溶体solifluction土流solifluction flow泥流solifluction terrace土磷地solod脱碱土solodic planosols脱碱化粘磐土solodization脱碱化solodized solonetz脱碱化碱土solonchak盐土solonchaks盐土solonetz碱土solonetzic soil碱化土壤solonetzization碱化solstice至点solubility溶度solubility coefficient溶解系数solubility curve溶解度曲线solubility parameter溶度参数solubility product溶度积soluble silica可溶性硅石soluble sodium percentage可溶性钠百分率solum土层solute溶质solute runoff溶质径流solution溶液solution heat溶解热solvation溶剂化solvent溶媒solvent effect溶剂效应solvolysis液解somatotropic hormone生长激素sombric horizon暗黑色层somma外轮山sonar声呐sonic prospecting声波勘探sonobuoy声呐浮标sorption吸着sorting分选酌sorting coefficient粒度分配系数sounding测深sounding balloon探测气球sounding machine测深仪sounding rocket探空火箭sounding rod测深杆sour humus酸性腐殖质source源头source map资料图source of runoff径链源source of sediments沉积源地source region源地source rock源岩south african low南非气旋;南非底压south atlantic high南大误反气旋;南大误高压south east trade wind东南信风south indian anticyclone南印度洋反气旋south pacific high南太平洋反气旋south point南点south pole南极south temperatue zone南温带southeast trades东南信风southerly exposure向阳面山坡southern hemisphere南半球southern slope向阳面southwest monsoon蜗季风sowing machine播种机sowing time播种期soybean大豆space宇宙space biochemistry宇宙生化学space cartography宇宙制图学space coordinate空间坐标space environment太空环境space lattice空间点阵space mark空间测标space oblique mercator projection空间斜墨卡托投影space parallax空间视差space photogrammetry太空摄影测量space photography太空摄影space reconnaissance太空侦察space remote sensing空间遥感space resources太空资源space survey宇宙测绘space tug轨道间飞船spacecraft太空飞行器spacelab航天试验室spadix肉穗花序spallation product散裂产物spatial aerotriagulation空中三角测量spatial frequency空间频率spatial frequency spectrum空间频谱spatial information空间信息spatial resolution空间分辨率spatial spectrum analyzer空间频谱分析仪spatiography空间地理学special maps专用地图special purpose map专题地图speciation物种形成species种species area curve种面积曲线species composition种组成species ecology种生态学species specificity种特异性specific gravity比重specific heat比热specific heat of water水的比热specific humidity比湿specific ionization比电离specific reaction特殊反应specific resistance比阻力specific surface比面积specific surface of soil土壤比表面specific volume比容积specific water retention保留比specific weight比重specific weight of soil土壤比重specific yield单位出水量specification of colors色彩制定specificity of enzymes酶的专性specimen试样specimen sheet样图speckle光斑spectral analysis光谱分析spectral band光谱带spectral characteristic波谱特性spectral characteristic curve光谱特怔线spectral color光谱颜色spectral distribution谱分布。
地理专业词汇英语翻译（42）_地理专业英语词汇
ferruginous sandstone 铁质砂岩ferrum 铁ferry 渡船fertile pasture 能齐牧草场fertile soil 肥沃土fertility degree 肥力等级fertilization 施肥fertilizer formula 肥料配合式fertilizer requirement 需肥量festoon islands 花彩列岛fiber 纤维fiber optic image transmission 光纤传象fiber plant 纤维植物fibrist 低分解有机土fibrous peat 纤维质泥炭fibrous root 纤维根fibrous structure 纤维结构fibrovascular bundle 维管束fiducial marks 框标field 场field capacity 田间持水量field check 野外检查field crops 罪field culture 饲料罪field data collection 野外数据收集field evapotranspiration 农田蒸散field experiment 田间试验field fortification 野战筑城field geology 野外地质学field mapping 野外填图field measurement 野外测量field microclimate 农田小气候field moisture capacity 田间持水量field moisture deficiency 田间水分不足field moisture equivalent 田间水分当量field observation 野外观测field of gravity 重力场field of view 视场field sketch 外业草图field station 野外测站field stereoscope 野外立体镜field survey 野外测量field water capacity 田间持水量field weed 杂草field work 野外工作外业fifteen atmosphere percentage 15大气压百分率figure 图形figure of the earth 地球形状filar cross 十字丝file 文件filling 普染filling up of a depression 气旋填塞film 软片film distortion 胶片变形film loop 环形胶卷film pack magazine 散页胶片包装盒film water 薄膜水filmsetting 照相排字filmsetting machine 照相排字机filter 过滤机filterability 滤过率filterable membrane 滤膜filtered solution 滤过的溶液filtrate 滤液filtration 过滤filtration velocity 过滤速度final value 最后值finder 取景器寻景器fine clay 细粘土fine coal 细煤fine columer aggregate 细柱状团聚体fine crumb 细团块fine crumb aggregate 细团粒状团聚体fine earth 细土fine grain development 微粒显象fine grained detrital rock 细粒碎屑岩fine grained soil 细土fine grained texture 细粒结构fine ore 细矿石fine pore 小孔隙fine porosity 微气孔性fine prismatic aggregate 细棱柱状团聚体fine sand 细砂fine sandy loam 细砂壤土fine silt 细粉粒fine soil 细粒土壤fine soil grains 细土粒fine structure 精细结构finely granular structure 细团粒状结构finger lake 指形湖finger like delta 桨叶形三角洲finite difference method 有限差分法finite element method 有限单元法fiord 峡湾fir forest 冷杉林fire 火灾fire area 防火面积fire clay 耐火粘土fire on grassland 草场火灾fire resistance 抗火性firn 永久积雪firn basin 粒雪盆地firn field 永久积雪原firn line 永久雪线first bottom 河漫滩阶地first frost 初霜fish finder 鱼探仪fishery 渔业fishing chart 渔区图fishing remote sensing 渔业遥感fishing season 鱼汛期fission 分裂fission product 核裂产物fission track dating 裂变轨迹年代测定fission track dating method 裂变径迹法年龄测定fissure 裂隙fissure eruptions 裂缝喷发fissure limestone land 石灰岩裂隙地fissure network soil 网状裂隙土壤fissure of retreat 收缩裂缝fissure volcanoes 裂隙火山fissuring 裂隙fixation 固定fixed ash 固定灰分fixed points 观测点fixed weir 固定堰fixer 定影剂fjord 峡湾flair point 识别点flake 薄片flake structure 薄片结构flame coal 焰煤flame photometer 火焰光度计flame photometry 火焰光谱法flame reaction 焰色反应flame spectrophotometry 火焰分光光度测定flank 翼flank eruption 山侧喷发flank moraine 侧碛石flash spectrum 闪光光谱flashy flood 暴洪flat bed 水平层flat bed offset printing machine 平台胶印机flat bog 低位沼泽flat bottomed valley 平底谷flat coast 低平海岸flat interfluve 平坦河间地flat nutty structure 平核状结构flat sandy shore 低平砂质海滨flattening 扁率flattening index 平整指数flaw 横推断层flax 亚麻flexible automation 柔性自动化flexural wave 挠曲波flexure 挠曲flexure curve 变位线flexure scarp 弯曲悬崖flight altitude 飞行高度flight chart 飞行图flight direction 飞行方向flight forecast 飞行预极flight plan for aerial photography 航摄计划flight relative height 相对航高flight true altitude 绝对航高flightline 摄影航线float 浮标float gauging 浮标测流floating bog 浮草沼泽floating ice 浮冰floating island 浮岛floating mud 浮泥floating raft 漂筏flocculated colloid 絮凝胶体flocculation 凝结flocculation limit 絮凝极限flood and ebb 潮汐flood area 浸水地flood basin 泛滥盆地flood bed 泛滥地flood capacity 洪水量flood channel 洪水河道flood control 洪水控制flood current 涨潮流。
TPO-44 Reading 3 翻译
参考译文海草很多浅海的海底地区覆盖着茂密的水生植物，它们能够浸润在海水中生长。
这些植物统称海草。
多种物理因素在很大程度上会影响海草带。
最显著的因素是水的流动：水流和海浪。
因为海草系统既存在于有遮挡物的区域，也存在于开阔的地区，所以它们受到不同的程度的水流运动的控制。
然而，对于任何一个海草系统，水流相对恒定。
在流动相对剧烈的海水中，海草带倾向于形成一片由草堆拼接而成的拼接状地区，而在流动相对平缓的海水中，海草带倾向于形成一大片平坦广阔的地毯状覆盖区。
反过来，海草带还会抑制海浪的运动，特别是如果叶片能够伸到海水表面。
这种抑制作用最强能够使得在进入海草带内一米的区域，完全没有浪。
同样，随着水流穿过海草带，也会被减慢。
减速的海浪和水流意味着海草带易于积累沉淀物。
然而，并不是所有海草带都如此，而是取决于海草带上方的水流的具体情况的。
在较强水流的影响下，海草带中很多较轻的颗粒（包括海草残骸）会被带走，而在弱水流中的海草带会积累较轻的颗粒物质。
很有趣的是，温带海草带会积累海草带外面的沉淀物，而热带海草带会积累来自于内部的沉淀物。
因为大多数海草系统是沉积环境，所以它们最终会积累一些有机物。
这些有机物会产生细小的颗粒沉淀物，其中的有机物含量要高于周围无植被的区域。
这种积累方式反过来会减弱水流流动，减少氧气含量。
沉淀物里的微生物有着高速的新陈代谢速率，会使得在表面下方几毫米内的空气被消耗殆尽。
根据生态学家J. W. Kenworth所说，微生物的无氧过程是一种再生和回收营养物质以及碳的重要过程，保证了在这些海草带的高产(产量指的是产生的有机物的总量)。
相比于多种依赖水中营养物质的藻类和细菌所产生的有机物，海草的根能够从沉淀物或基质中吸收营养物质。
所以，它们能够将营养物质回收回生态环境中，否则这些营养物质会被吸收到海底而变得不可利用。
其他能够影响海草带的物理因素包括光照、温度和失水。
比如，水深和浑浊度（水中颗粒的浓度）能够共同或分别的控制海草所能利用的光照量，从而控制海草所能生长的深度。
综合自然地理学单词翻译分解
Ablation：消融、冰面融化ablation zone：消融区abrasion：冲蚀、海蚀absolute humidity：绝对湿度absorption：吸收accelerated erosion：加速的侵蚀accrete：合生accumulation zone：累积带、积累带acid rain：酸雨adiabatic cooling：绝热冷却adiabatic warming：绝热增温adret slope：向阳坡advection：水平对流advectional inversion：平流逆温advection fog：平流雾aeolian processes：风成过程aerial photograph：航空摄像片aggradation：沉积、淤积、堆积agonic line：零磁偏线A horizon：表土、上层土壤air drainageair mass：气团albedo：反射率alcove arch：泉蚀凹壁Alfisol：淋溶土alluvial fan：冲积扇alluvium：冲积层alpine glacier：高山冰川altocumulus：高积云altostratus：高积层amphibians：两栖类动植物anadromous fish：溯河鱼类andesite：安山岩Andisol：灰烬土、火山灰土Anemometer：风速仪Angiosperms：被子植物angle of incidence：入射角angle of repose：休止角animalia：动物界annual plants：一年生植物annular drainage pattern：环状水系Antarctic Circle：南极圈Antelope：羚羊Anthropogenic：人为的、人类的、人类发生的、人类起源的Anticline：背斜Anticyclone：反气旋、高气压antitrade winds：反季风、反信风aphelion：远日点apogee：远地点aquale：潮淋溶土aquent：潮新成土aquiclude：不透水层aquifer：含水层arboreal：乔木状的Arctic Circle：北极圈arcuate delta：弧形三角洲arent：红砂质新成土arete：刃嶙argid：粘化旱成土arid：干旱的、贫瘠的、荒芜的Aridisol：旱成土Arroyo：干谷artesian well：自流井、喷水井association （plant）：群落、生物群落asthenosphere：软流圈、软流层atmosphere：大气层、大气atmospheric pressure：大气压强atoll：环礁、环形珊瑚岛autumnal equinox：秋分axis（Earth’s axis）：地轴azimuthal projection：方位投影backshore：后滨（滩）backswamp：河漫滩沼泽backwash：回流、逆流badlands：荒地baguio：碧瑶风bajada（piedmont alluvial plain）：山麓冲积扇/平原bar：沙坝、沙洲barchan：新月形沙丘barometer：气压计barrier reef：堡礁basal slip：基面滑移Basalt：玄武岩Base element：基本元素Base level：基面Batholith：岩基Bayhead：湾头Baymouth ：湾口Beach：海滩Bedload：推移质Bedrock：基岩Benthos : 底栖生物Berm: 狭长的突起地带，狭小的小径，护堤B horizon : 二地平线Binomial :二项式的，二种名称的Biomass : 生物量Biome : 生物社会Biosphere : 生物圈Biota : 生物群Bird’s-foot delta : 鸟足三角洲Blackbody : 黑体Blowout: 爆炸；爆炸口；爆裂口；喷气；井喷Bluff: 断崖；峭壁Boralf : 极地淋溶土Boreal forest : 北方森林Bornhardt : 岛山Brackish : 咸水braided stream : 辫状河breakwater : 防波堤broadleaf trees : 常绿阔叶树bryophytes : 苔藓植物butte: 孤峰，孤立的丘Buys-Ballot’s law: (查不到准确意思，就是“在北半球背风而立，低压在左”这个定律，以Buys-Ballot这个人的名字命名)Calcification : 钙化，石灰化Caldera : 火山口Capacity : 能力，容量，生产力Capillarity : 毛细管作用，毛细管现象capillary water : 毛细管水caprock : 盖层，复盖岩石，冠岩carbonate : 碳酸盐；使变成碳酸盐carbonates : 碳酸盐（复数）carbonation : 碳酸饱和，碳酸作用carbon cycle : 碳循环carnivore : 食肉动物，食虫植物cartographer : 制图师cartography : 制图学cation : 阳离子，正离子cation exchange capacity(CEC) : 阳离子交换量，阳离子交换能力centripetal drainage pattern : 向心水系cetaceans : 鲸类物种（复数）channel precipitation : 河道沉淀chaparral : 茂密的树丛chemical weathering : 化学风化作用Chinook : 切努克人(北美印第安之一族)，切努克语chlorofluorocarbons(CFCs) : 含氯氟烃，氯氟化碳（复数）chordate: 脊索动物C horizon: （土壤断面三层结构的）C层，淀积层，母质层cinder cone: 火山灰烬锥状物circle of illumination: 照明圈cirque: 圆形山谷cirque glacier: 冰川冰斗cirriform cloud: 卷云cirrocumulus: 卷积云cirrostratus: 卷层云cirrus: 卷云cladistics: 遗传分类学clay: 粘土claypan: 隔水粘土层cliff: 悬岩climate: 气候climax vegetation: 顶极植物cloud seeding: 播云；云的催化coalesce: 联合col: 山坳；气压谷cold front: 冷锋collapse doline: 塌陷漏斗colloids: 胶体combined water: 结合水；结晶水；化合水competence: (河流的) 搬运最大颗粒沙砾的能力，挟沙能力composite volcanoes: 复合火山computer rectification: 计算机整流condensation: 冷凝，凝结condensation nuclei: 凝结核conditional instability : 条件性不稳定度conduction: 传导cone of depression: 下降漏斗，下降锥体conformality: 正形，正形性conglomerate: 砾岩；合成物；组合物;成团的；砾岩性的;使聚结；使成团conic projection: 圆锥投影continental drift: 大陆漂移continentality: 大陆度continental shelf: 大陆架contour line: 等高线convection: 对流convergent precipitation: 辐合降水coral reef: 珊瑚礁core: 地核Coriolis effect 科里奥利效应corrosion 侵蚀crater 火山口creep 潜变crust 地壳cuesta 单面山单斜脊cumuliform 积云状的积雪状cloud 云；阴云；云状物cumulonimbus 积雨云cumulus 积雨云cumulus stage 积云期cutoff meander 割断曲流；弓形湖cycle of erosion 侵蚀旋回 (=geomorphic cycle) cyclone 气旋；飓风cylindrical projection 圆柱投影柱面投影debris flow 泥石流deciduous tree 阔叶树deflation 风蚀delta （河流的）三角洲dendritic drainage pattern树枝状水系denitrification 脱氮作用反硝化作用反硝化denudation 剥蚀作用desertification 荒漠化；沙漠化desert varnish 荒漠漆皮沙漠岩漆荒漠漆dew 珠，滴；露水dew point 露点温度diastrophism 地壳变动地壳运动地壳蚀变differential erosion 差别侵蚀差异侵蚀分异侵蚀dike 岩脉堤防discharge 放电排泄排出dissolved load 溶解搬运质distributaries 支流diurnal 昼行性的每日的doldrums 赤道无风带drainage basin 流域；流域盆地drainage density 河网密度drainage divide 流域分界线,分水岭drainage net 排水网drift 漂移dripstone 滴水石；石笋drumlin 鼓丘脊背丘冰丘dry adiabatic lapse rate 干绝热递减率dyne 达因（力的单位）earthquake 地震easterly wave 东风波ebb tide 退潮，落潮ecosystem 生态系统生态体系ecotone 群落交错区生态过渡带edaphic 土壤的；与土壤有关的E horizon E地平线electromagnetic spectrum电磁频谱电磁波频谱elliptical projection 椭圆投影eluviation 淋溶作用；残积作用embayment 入江河湾形成港湾endemic 地方性的；风土的energy 能量能源Entisol 新成土entrenched meanders嵌入曲流ephemeral stream季节性河流；暂生河epiphytes 附生植物equator 赤道中纬线天球赤道equatorial countercurrent 赤道逆流[亦作 Cromwell Current ]equilibrium line 均衡线平衡线equilibrium theory 平衡理论equinox 春分；秋分；昼夜平分点equivalence等效、等值erg尔格（单位）erosion侵蚀、冲蚀escarpment单斜山；马头丘eskers蛇形丘estivation夏眠estuary河口湾evaporation蒸发，水分散失evaporation fog蒸发雾evapotranspiration蒸发蒸腾作用evergreen常绿的、常绿树exfoliation剥落;剥落物exfoliation dome角质圆顶、剥离丘、页状剥落丘、叶状剥蚀穹丘exosphere外逸层; 外大气圈exotics极不稳定的、试验（性）的exotic stream外源河extinction灭绝;消灭extirpation摘除、根绝、extrusive rock喷出岩eye (台)风眼;中心、眼睛eye wall眼壁fault断层fault-block mountain断块山fault line断层线；断裂线fault plane断层面fault zone断层带；断裂带fauna动物群, 动物区系feral野生的；凶猛的ferromagnesian铁镁矿物field capacity田间持水量firn(neve) 永久积雪first-order relief 一级地形fix(the verb) 凝固、使固定、缚紧fjord峡湾flood basalt高原玄武岩floodplain泛滥平原flood tide涨潮flora植物群；植物区系flow流量;涨潮、泛滥fluvent冲积新成土fluvial河(流)的foehn焚风fog雾;雾气folding可折叠的;折叠式的foliation叶理;成层food chain食物链food pyramid食物金字塔forbs非禾本草本植物foreshore海滩；前滨forest季雨林、森林fractional scale 极小、鳞片；标度freezing冻结，冰冻friction layer摩擦层fringing reef岸礁；边礁；裙焦front锋面、锋frost wedging冻楔作用fumarole火山喷气孔Gelisolgenesis起源;发生;创始geomorphic cycle (cycle of erosion) （侵蚀轮回）geomorphology 地形学，地貌学geostrophic wind 地转风geyser 喷泉；间歇泉；（英）烧水锅炉geyserite 硅华，间歇泉周围的沉积物gibber plain 三棱石平原glacial erratic 冰川期；冰河时期glacial flour 石粉glacier n. 冰河，冰川glacial trough冰川槽glaciofluvial deposition 冰水沉积物glezation 图表设计引擎gley soils 潜育土gneiss 片麻岩Gondwanaland 冈瓦纳大陆graben 地堑，地堑带graden. 等级；年级；阶段；级别；成绩vt. 评分；把…分等级vi. 分等级；逐渐变化graded stream[水文] 均衡河流gradientn. 梯度；倾斜度；坡度倾斜的；步行的graniten. 花岗岩；坚毅；冷酷无情graphic scale 图示比例尺；图解量表grasslandn. 草原；牧草地graticulen. 格子线；显微镜的计数线；方格图gravitational water[地质] 重力水Great Artesian Basin大自流盆地greenhouse effect 温室效应groinn. 腹股沟；交叉拱vt. 使成穹棱ground fog地面雾，低雾ground ice. 地面上的冰ground moraine 底碛基碛groundwatern. 地下水groundwater flow地下水，地下水径流gully erosion冲沟侵蚀；挖深浸蚀；雏谷侵蚀gymnospermsn. 裸子植物；裸子植物类（gymnosperm的复数）Hadley cellsHail冰雹haliden. 卤化物adj. 卤化物的Halley,Edmund哈雷·艾德蒙hamadan. 石漠，石质沙漠；岩漠hanging valley[地质] 悬谷hardpann. 硬质地层；粘土层；最低点hardwoodsn. 硬木，硬木材；[植][林] 阔叶树headland .岬headward erosion溯源侵蚀；向源侵蚀heatn. 热度；高温；压力；热烈heat index热指数；酷热指数herbaceous plants草本植物herbivoren. 食草动物heterospheren. 非均质层；非均匀气层hibemationhibemation 冬眠histosol有机土homospheren. 均质层hookn. 挂钩，吊钩horizonn. 地平线；眼界；范围；视野horn角；喇叭，号角horse latitudes副热带无风带；回归线无风带；马纬度horst[地质] 地垒hot spot热点；过热点；潜在的危险地区hot spring温泉humidity：湿气，湿度humus：腐殖质hurricane：热带飓风hurricane warning：飓风警告hurricane watch：飓风告示hydration：水合作用hydrography：水文学hydrologic cycle：水循环hydrology：水文学hydrolysis：水解作用hydrophyte：水生植物hydrosphere：水圈hydrothermal activity：水热活动hygrometer：湿度计hygrophyte：水生植物hygroscopic water：湿存水iceberg：冰山ice cap：冰冠ice floe：浮冰ice pack：冰袋ice sheet：冰盖ice shelf：冰架igneous rock：火成岩illuviation：淀积作用inceptisol：始成土infiltration：渗透物infrared radiation：红外线照射inertia：惯性inner core：内核inselberg：孤山insolation：太阳辐射interflow：水合流interfluve：河涧地intermittent stream：间歇河international date line：国际日界线interpolate：插入interstices：间隙intertropical convergence zone：热带辐合区interval：间隔intrusive igneous rock：侵入火成岩invertebrates：无脊椎动物ionosphere：电离层isobar：等压线isogonic line：等磁偏线isohyet：等降雨量线isoline：等值线isostasy：地壳均衡说isotherm: 等温线,恒温线jet stream: 急流,喷流射流jetty: 码头防波堤joints:节理jungle:(热带的)丛林,密林,莽丛kame：(冰川溶化时淤积起来的含有砾子的)小沙丘karst：喀斯特(地形),岩溶,多分布于可溶性岩石地区的地形katabatic wind：下降风,下吹风kettle：锅穴kilopascal：千帕斯卡knickpoint：裂点,尼克点knot：节(=浬/小时),浬,海里koppen system：柯本气候分类法laccolith：岩盖lagomorphs：兔形目lagoon：环礁湖;咸水湖;泻湖lake：湖(公园等中的)池塘,小湖land breeze：陆风land forms：地形landsat：地球资源卫星landslide：山崩、滑坡、塌方、泥石流Langley:兰勒（复数langleys，物理学专有名词）lapse rate:气温直减率,递减率large-scale map:大比例尺图latent heat:潜热latent heat of vaporization：蒸发潜热汽化潜热lateral erosion:侧蚀、旁蚀、横向冲刷lateral moraine:仙碛、横向运动、冰川侧碛Laterization：红土化作用Latitude：纬度Latosol：砖红壤、砖红土、红化土类、淋滤土Laurasia：劳亚古大陆Lava：岩浆lava vehicles：熔岩车辆leaching：脱盐、过滤liana：藤本植物,蔓生植物condensation level：凝结高度、凝结面lightning：闪电、雷电limestone：石灰岩、石灰石、灰岩Linnaean system：林奈系统lithosphere：岩石圈、陆界litter：枯枝层,落叶层loam：肥土、沃土、壤土loess：黄土longitude: 经度，经线；[天]黄经longshore current: 岸边流，沿岸流longshore drift: 沿岸物质流loxodrome: 斜航线，恒向线；无变形线magma: 岩浆magnetic declination: 磁偏角；磁差magnetic north: 磁北mammals: 哺乳动物mantle: 物；幕；披风；斗篷mantle plume: 地幔热柱，地幔羽map projection: 投影marble: 大理石；marine terrace: 阶地maritime:海的；marsh: 沼泽，湿地marsupial: 有袋目哺乳动物mass wasting: 质坡移，矿体废物maturity: 成熟；完备；meandering stream: 曲折河meander scar: 曲流痕mechanical weathering:机械风化medial moraine: 中碛mercalli intensity scale:麦加利地震烈度Mercator projection: 墨卡托投影Meridian: 子午圈；子午线；Mesa:平顶山（常见于美国西南部地区）Mesopause: 中间层顶Mesosphere: 中间层；中层；中大气圈Mesozoic Era: [地]中生代metamorphic rock: 变质岩midlatitude anticyclone: 中纬度气旋midlatitude cyclone: 中纬度气旋midocean ridge: 中央海脊millibar: 毫巴mineral: 矿物；矿石mistral: 干燥寒冷的北风mogote: 灰岩残丘；密生灌丛mohorovicic discontinuity: 莫霍间断面mollisol: 冻融层;软土;松软土monadnock: 残留山丘monera; 无核原虫类monocline: 单斜层Monocline: 单斜Monotremes: 单孔目Monsoon: 季风Moraine: 冰碛石Morphology: 形态学Motus: 信息技术Mudflow: 泥石流Multispectral scanning system: 多光谱扫描系统Muskeg: 沼泽Natural selection: 自然选择;天择Nautical mile: 海里;里(合1.852公里)Neap tides: 小潮Nebula:【天】星云Needle-leaf trees: 针叶树Nekton: 游泳生物Neve: 尼夫Newton: 名词解释Nimbostratus: 雨层云Nitrogen cycle: 氮循环Nitrogen fixation: 氮固定Nitrogenous: 含氮Nocturnal: 夜间NonferromagnesianNormal fault: 正常断层Nunatak: 冰原岛峰Obsequent streams: 逆向流Offshore: 海洋Offshore bar (barrier bar ): 海上酒吧Offshore flow: 离岸流O horizon: 腐叶和生物残骸层Old age: 旧时代Onshore flow: 陆上流动Orographic precipitation: 地形降水Orthent：正常新成土Orthid：典型旱成土Orthophoto map：典型旱成土Oscillation：振动,摆动Outcrop：露头Outer core：外核Outlet glacier：出口冰河Outwash plain：冲积平原Overland flow：坡面流Overthrust fold：逆冲褶皱Overturned fold：倒转褶皱Oxbow lake：牛轭湖oxbow swamp 牛轭沼泽oxidation氧化oxide氧化物Oxisol 氧化土oxygen cycle氧循环ozone臭氧ozone layer臭氧层ozonosphere臭氧层paleomagnetism古地磁学Pangaea泛大陆parallel平行parallel drainage pattern平行水系parasites寄生虫parent material母质particulate微粒pascal(Pa) 帕斯卡（压力的单位）paternoster lakes串珠湖pediment山形墙pedogenic regimes成土制度ped 一个较大的肿块或最简单的土壤颗粒往往聚集成，并且确定的结构的土壤peneplain准平原percolater渗滤器perennials多年生植物perennial stream常年流perigee近地点periglacial zone冰缘区perihelion 近日点permafrost冻土permeability渗透率phases of the Moon月相photogrammetry摄影测量photoperiodism光周期性photosynthesis光合作用phreatic zone (zone of saturation) 潜水带piedmont山麓piedmont angle山麓角piedmont glacier山麓冰川piezometric surface水压面pillar支柱pinnacle顶峰pixel像素placental mammals胎盘类哺乳动物plane of the ecliptic黄道平面plankton浮游生物plantae植物界plant succession植物演替plateau高原plate suturing板缝合plate tectonics板块构造playa河岸playa lake干盐湖Pleistocene Epoch更新世，剥痕；挖蚀Plucking（quarrying）拔蚀pluton冥王星pluvial洪积podzol灰壤podzolization灰壤化作用polar easterlies 极地东风polar front极面Polar high极地高压Polarity 极性Pond 池沼Porosity 多孔性Potential evapotranspiration 潜在蒸散量Prairie 草原Pressure release 压力释放Primary consumer 初级消费者Primates 灵长类动物Prime meridian 本初子午线Progeny 子孙Proglacial lake 冰堰湖Protista 原生生物Psamment 砂新成土Pteridophytes 蕨类植物Pyroclastic material 火山碎屑物质Quartz 石英Quartzite 石英岩Quick clays 快速粘土Radial drainage pattern [水文学]径向水系Radiation 辐射Radiational inversion 逆辐射Radiation fog 辐射雾Rain 雨Rain gauge 雨量计Rain shadow 雨影Recessional moraine [地质]后退碛Recharge rate 充电率Rectangular drainage pattern 矩形排水模式Rectification 纠正Reef 礁Reflection 反射Refraction 折射Reg 注册Regime 政权Regolith 风化层Rejuvenation [地质][水文]回春Relative humidity 相对湿度Relief 缓解Remote sensing 遥感Representative fraction 数字比例尺RetilesResequent streams [水文学]再顺流Residual landform 残余地貌Return beam vidicon 回束管Reverse fault 逆断层Revetment 护岸R horizon ŕ地平线Rhumb line 恒向线Ria shoreline 溺谷海岸线Richter scale 里氏震级Rift valley 裂谷Rill erosion 细沟侵蚀Rills 小溪Riparian vegetation 河岸植被Roche moutonnee 羊背岩Rock 岩石Rock glacier 岩石冰川Rodents 啮齿动物Rossby wave 罗斯贝波runoff 径流Rusting ：生锈sag pond :下垂池塘salinity：盐度salinization：盐渍化saltation：跳跃salt wedging：盐楔sand dune：沙丘sand plain：沙平原sandstone：砂岩sandstorm：沙暴sapping：削弱saturated adiabatic lapse rate：饱和绝热递减率savanna：稀树草原scattering：散射schist：片岩scree see talus：卵石看到距骨seawall：海堤secondary consumer：二次消费econd-order relief：第二阶救灾sedges：莎草sediment：沉淀sedimentary rock：沉积岩seep (the noun)：渗漏（名词）seep (the verb)：渗漏（动词）seif (longitudinal dune)：赛义夫（纵向沙丘）selva(tropical rainforest) ：热带雨林（热带雨林）semiarid：半干旱sensible temperature体感温度：separates：分离seral：演替Seventh Approximation See Soil Taxonomy ：第七逼近土壤系统分类shale ：页岩sheet erosion：片状糜烂shield volcanoes：盾状火山shrub ：灌木shrubland：灌丛sial: 找不到，可能是缩写sidereal day : 恒星日silica: 硅胶silicate: 硅酸盐sill: 窗台sima: 司马sinkhole (doline): 排水口（天坑）slate: 石板sleet: 雨雪slump: 暴跌small-scale map: 小比例尺地图snow: 雪snowline: 雪线sod: 草皮softwoods: 软木soil: 土壤soil profile: 土壤剖面soil Taxonomy: 土壤系统分类soil water: 土壤水分soil-water balance: 土壤水分平衡soil-water budget: 土壤水分预算solar constant: 太阳常数solar day: 太阳日solifluction: 泥流solstice 至，至日；至点solum 土壤表层；风化层source region 源区；发源地species 物种；种类specific heat 比热Specific humidity 比湿度；含湿量speleothem 洞穴堆积物spit 唾液splash erosion 溅击侵蚀；溅出销蚀Spodosol 灰土；灰化土spring 泉水spring tide 大潮；涨潮squall line 阵风线stalactite 钟乳石stationary front 静止锋statute mile 法定英里steppe 干草原stock 出新芽storm surge 风暴潮strata 地层stratified drift 成层冰碛stratiform cloud 层状云stratocumulus 层积云stratopause 平流层顶；同温层上限stratosphere 同温层；最上层stratus 层云stream capture(steam piracy) 河流袭夺；抢水streamflow 流速及流水量stream order 河流等级stream terrace 河成阶地striations 辉纹；光条纹strike-slip fault 平移断层；走向滑动断层stripped plain 剥露平原structure 构造subaerial 地面上的subartesian well 水底土壤subduction 隐没带sublimation 升华subpolar low 副极地低压subside 沉淀subsidence inversion 下沉逆温subtropical 亚热带的subtropical high 亚热带高压succulents 肉质植物sulfate 硫酸盐化sulfide 硫化物summer solstice 夏至supercooled water 过冷水surf 拍岸浪surrogate 替代suspended load 悬移质swallow hole 溶沟；落水洞swamp 沼泽；湿地swash 冲流swell 隆起symbiosis 共生syncline 向斜taiga(boreal forest) 针叶林带；北方针叶林talus(scree) 斜面；岩屑堆talus cone 岩锥；落石锥talus slope(talus apron) 坡积裙tran 透明；三极管；瞬态分析taxon /taxa 分类单元taxonomy 分类法tectonic activity 构造活动temperature 温度temperature inversion 逆温层；逆温现象terminal moraine 终碛terracettes 小土滑阶坎terrane 岩层terrestrial （n）陆地；陆地生物；(adj)地球的；陆生的thalweg 海谷底线；最深谷底线thematic mapper 专题制图仪thermometer 温度计；体温计thermosphere 热电离层；热大气层third-order relief 三阶救援thunder 雷声；打雷thunderstorm 雷暴雨；大雷雨tidal bore 涌潮，怒潮；潮津波tidal range 潮差；潮汐变化范围tides 潮汐till 直到；冰碛till plain 冰碛平原tombolo 连岛沙洲topography 地形学；地势tornado 龙卷风torrettower karst 塔式喀斯特tracheophyta 异管植物traction 牵引力trade winds 信风trajectory 轨道，轨线transferscopetransform boundary 转换断层型边界transmission 传输；播送；变换器transpiration 蒸腾作用；散发transverse dune 横向沙丘travertine 石灰华treeline 树线trellis drainage pattern 格状水系tropical cyclone 热带气旋tropical depression 热带低气压tropical disturbance 热带扰动tropical rainforest 热带雨林tropical storm 热带风暴tropical year 回归年Tropic of Cancer 北回归线Tropic of Capricorn 南回归线Tropopause 对流层顶Troposphere 对流层true (geographic) north 真正的（地理）北tsunami 海啸tufa (sinter) 凝灰岩（烧结）tundra 冻原；冻土地带；苔原turbulent flow 紊流typhoons 台风ubac slope 山阴坡udalf 湿淋溶土udert 湿变性土Ultisol 老城土ultraviolet radiation 紫外线；紫外线照射ultraviolet waves 紫外线波undulation 波动；弯曲；起伏ungulates 有蹄类uniformitarianism 均变说upslope fog 上坡雾；滑升雾urban heat island 城市热岛ustalf 干淋溶土ustert 干变性土；干新成土uvala 干[喀斯特]宽谷vadose zone（zone of aeration）渗流区（通气层）valley 山谷，溪谷；流域valley glacier 山谷冰川valley train 谷边碛vector（of a disease）带菌者vein 静脉，血管；叶脉；纹理vernal equinox 春分vertebrates 脊椎动物vertical zonation 垂直分带Vertisol 变性土，转化土visible light 可见光，可见辐射光volcanic ash 火山灰volcanic neck 火山颈volcano 火山vulcanism 岩石火成论者wadi 河道，谷，溪流warm front 暖锋waterfall 瀑布water gap 水口，峡谷waterless zone 无水区water table 地下水面water vapor 水蒸汽wave amplitude 波度，波幅wave-built terrace 浪成阶地，浪成台地wave crest 波顶，波峰wave-cut notch 波切槽口wave height 波高wavelength 波长wave refraction 波折射wave trough 波谷weather 天气，气象weathering 风化westerlies 西风带wetland 湿地wilting point萎蔫点，凋萎点，凋蔫点;萎为点wind gap 风谷，风口，风隙winter solstice 冬至woodland 树林，林地woody plants 木本植物xeralf 干热淋溶土xerert 季节性干旱变性土xerophytes 旱生植物yazoo stream 亚祖流youth（youthful stage）青年时期zone of aeration（vadose zone）通气层（渗流区）zone of confined water 区的承压水zone of saturation（phreatic zone）饱和带，饱和区（地下水层，地下水区，潜水带）。
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the enviroment on the moon
The moon ,of course,has been known since prehistoric times.The time between successive new moons is 29.5 days. 月亮，当然，自从史前年代就被人们熟知了，一个连续 的月亮周期是29.5天
月球上面没有大气。然后从科莱蒂娜探测器上 的证据证实在一些月球永远被遮蔽的南极的火 山口可能有水和冰。
There are two primary types of terrain on the moon :the heavily cratered and very old highlands and the relatively smooth and younger marria. 在月球上面有两种主要的地形：重的、多坑 的、老的高地；和比较平坦的较新的月亮表 面阴暗的部分
Prior to the study of the Apollo samples,there was no consensesus about the origin of the Moon.There were three pricipal theories: co-accretion;fission;collied.
The moon has no asmosphere.But evidence from Clementine suggested that there may be may be water ice in some deep craters near the Moon's south pole which are premanently shaded.
The Apollo 11 mission was the eleventh in a series of flights using Apollo flight hardware and was the first lunar landing of the Apollo program.
阿波罗11号飞行器是阿波罗系列第十一个飞行器也 是阿波罗着陆计划的第一个服务舱。
在对阿波罗取样的研究之前，关于月亮的起源没 有共识。有三个起源理论：同源说、分列说、碰 撞说。
The moon has no global magnetic field.But some of its surface rocks xhibit remanent magnetism indicating there may have been. 月球上没有球形的磁场，然而在他表面的显 示剩余磁性的某些石块表明这里以前有