It作形式主语
It作形式主语和宾语常见句型
It作形式主语和宾语常见句型
It作形式主语常见句型
动词不定式,动名词或主语从句作主语时,通常把它们放在谓语动词前,而用it作形式主语,放到句首,常见句型有:
1. It + be + 形容词(clear\ obvious\strange…)+主语从句,如:
It is uncertain whether he can come to Jenny’s birthday party or not.
2. It + be + 名词词组+ 主语从句,这类名词有:
a fact, a pity, a shame, an honour,a question等,如:It’s a pity that you missed the exciting football match.
It remains a question whether he will come or not. 3. It + be + 过去分词+ 主语从句,这类过去分词有:announced, believed, expected, hoped, decided, reported, said, shown等,如:It is reported that 16 people were killed in the earthquake.
It is not decided who will give the operation to the patient.
4. It + 不及物动词(seem, appear, happen等) + 主语从句, 这类不及物动词有:appear, happen, seem等,如:
it作形式主语和形式宾语
it作形式主语和形式宾语
it既可作人称代词,用来表示动物或无生命的物体等,也可以作无人称代词,在句中作主语,表示“时间”、“距离”、“天气”等。它还可以引导强调句,使语气得以加强。此外,it在句中能作引导词,充当句子中的形式上的成分,如形式主语、形式宾语等。
㈠it作形式主语:
it作形式主语时没有具体的意义,而只是帮助把真正的主语移到句子后部去,使句子显得平稳一些。it作形式主语时,可以代替三种形式:
不定式、动名词和主语从句。
⒈it代替不定式短语
常用于下列句型中:
It + be +形容词+ (for/of sb.) to do sth.
It + be + 名词+ to do sth.
It takes sb. some time to do sth. 干…花了某人…时间
It’s up to sb. to do sth. 干…是某人的职责或义务
如:
①It is everyone’s duty to obey the law.
遵守法律是每个人的义务。
(it作形式主语, 代替不定式短语to obey the law)
②It is difficult for a foreigner to learn Chinese.
对于一个外国人来说,学习汉语是困难的。
(it作形式主语, 代替不定式短语to learn Chinese)
③It is not right to use these places as rubbish dumps.
把这些地方用来倒垃圾是不对的。
(it作形式主语, 代替不定式短语to use these places as rubbish dumps)
it作形式主语
“it”作形式主语
“it”作为形式主语,主要用于使句子平衡,避免英语句子出现头重脚轻,也就是真正的主语部分过分复杂庞大的问题。“it”主要在以下三种情况下作真正主语:
一、不定式为真正主语时:
1.It is/ was+ adj.部分+ to do sth.
Eg. It is necessary to finish the work before leaving for a holiday. **经常谈论“it is+ adj. for sb to do sth.”或者“it is+ adj. of sb to do sth.”的问题。形容词后用of或者用for与形容词所形容的对象有关。
我在非谓语动词不定式部分已经讲过,如形容词形容的是sb,则用of;反之如果形容词形容的是to do sth,则用for。所以刚才的例句可以变为:
It is necessary for the manager to finish the work before leaving for a holiday.
2.It is/ was+ n.部分+ to do sth.
Eg. It is a great pleasure to meet friends from afar.
3.It+ v.部分+ to do sth. 注意,动词不定式作真正主语时,并不是谓语部分只出现be动词,也会出现一些动词,常用的有:take, cost, need, require, make, sound, occur等等。
Eg. 1>. It takes me 20 minutes to walk from my house to school.
It作形式主语和形式宾语的用法
It作形式主语和形式宾语的用法
It作形式主语和形式宾语的用法
一、it作形式主语
1.不定式作真正主语常用句式归纳:
It is no use/good/need/help doing…做……没用处/没好处/没必要/没帮助; It is great fun doing做……非常有趣;It is a waste of time/money doing 做……简直是浪费时间/金钱的
2.that从句作真正主语常用句式归纳:
1)it+be+过去分词+that…
It is argued that…大家争论……;It is assumed that…假定……;
It is believed that…大家相信……;It is agreed that…大家同意……;It is hoped that…大家希望……;It is (well) known that…家喻户晓……;It is reported that…据报道……;It is recommended that…据推荐……;It is rumored that…谣传……;It is said that…据说……;
It is suggested that…有人建议……;It is supposed that…大家推测……;It is thought that…大家认为……;
It is taken for granted that………被视为当然
It must be remembered that…务必记住……;
It has been decided that…大家决定……。
It用作形式主语
It用作形式主语
替代作主语的从句、动词不定式、动名词,而把真正作主语的从句、动词不定式、动名词置于句尾。
It 作形式主语的常见句型:
1. 代作主语的动词不定式,其句型为
(1)It be adj.(for sb.)to do sth.
此处adj. 通常为描述事件的形容词:easy,difficult,hard,necessary,unnecessary,possible,impossible,likely,unlikely,right,wrong,important,unimportant,legal,illegal,well-mannered,ill-mannered,polite,impolite,clear,obvious,certain,suitable,proper,fit,useful,useless,dangerous…
例It is illegal(for a teenager)to drive a car without a license.
(2)It be adj. of sb. to do sth.
此处adj. 通常为描述人的形容词:kind,unkind,nice,rude,cruel,considerate,thoughtful,thoughtless,careful,careless,silly,foolish,stupid,clever,wise,crazy.
例It's kind of you to help me with the problem.
(3)It替代作主语的动名词的常见句型
it作形式主语和形式宾语
It seems true that he will take the place of Mr. Li.
4. It seems / appears (to sb.) that…
It seems to me that he doesn’t know anything about it.
I find it quite necessary to make some changes.
He thought it best to be on his guard.
I found it very easy to learn the rules.
She wants to make it clear whether you still love her or not.
1. 我觉得学汉语很困难. 2. 我发现有必要做一些改变。 3.他认为保持警惕是最好的。 4.我发现学习这些规则是很容易的. 5. 他想弄清楚你是否还爱她。 6.记住每四个小时吃药。 7.我讨厌人们嘴里满是食物说话 8.这小孩非常喜欢被亲吻的时候。 9.我讨厌我妈妈让我吃鸡蛋。 10.我不喜欢他那么懒。 11.我制定了个规则每天六点起床。 12.越来越多的人发现学一门外语很有用。 13.我觉得帮助他是我的责任。 14.我们应该把问题留给他解决。
It 作形式主语的四种结构
It 作形式主语的四种结构
(1)It+be+形容词+that从句is necessary that.
有必要
It is important that
重要的是.
It is obvious that
很明显.
(2)It+be+done+that从句It is believed that
人们相信.
It is known to us/all that
众所周知
(3)It+be+名词+that从句
It is common knowledge that
是常识
It is a surprise that令人惊奇的是It is a fact that事实是
It is a pity that.... 遗憾的是.....
(4)It+不及物动词+that从句
It appears that
似乎
It happens that
碰巧
It作形式主语常见句型
It作形式主语常见句型
It作形式主语常见句型
动词不定式,动名词或主语从句作主语时,通常把它们放在谓语动词前,而用it作形式主语,放到句首,常见句型有:
1. It + be + 形容词+主语从句,如:
It is uncertain whether he can come to Jenny’s birthday pa rty or not.
2. It + be + 名词词组 + 主语从句,这类名词有:
a fact, a pity, a shame, an honour,a question
等,
如:It’s a pity that you missed the exciting football match.
It remains a question whether he will come or not.
3. It + be + 过去分词+ 主语从句,这类过去分词有:announced, believed, expected, hoped, decided, reported, said, shown等,
如:
It is reported that 16 people were killed in the earthquake.
It is not decided who will give the operation to the patient.
4. It + 不及物动词(seem, appear, happen等) + 主语从句, 这类不及物动词有:appear, happen, seem等,
it做形式主语
it 作形式主语的用法
代词it可以用来代替一个名词、一个短语、一个句子,在句中作主语或宾语。
1. it作主语指时间、日期、天气、距离和气温等。
It’s nine o’clock now. (指时间)
It is much colder than it was yesterday. (指天气)
It is about 5 kilometres from here to my home. (指距离)
It is very hot in the classroom. (指气温)
It is Sunday today. (指日期)
2. It作形式主语代替动词不定式,常用于以下句型中:
(1) it is/was adj. (of/for) sb. to do sth.
当表语是与事物的特征有关的形容词时,如easy, difficult, hard, important, necessary等,用介词for.
It is difficult for Lucy to learn physics.
It is interesting for us to play badminton.
当表语是描述人的性格、品质的形容词时,如kind, nice, polite, clever, foolish, stupid等,用介词of.
It is kind of you to help me.
It is clever of the little child to work out such a difficult math problem.
it作形式主语和形式宾语
it作形式主语和形式宾语
it既可作人称代词,用来表示动物或无生命的物体等,也可以作无人称代词,在句中作主语,表示“时间”、“距离”、“天气”等。它还可以引导强调句,使语气得以加强。此外,it 在句中能作引导词,充当句子中的形式上的成分,如形式主语、形式宾语等。
㈠it作形式主语:
it作形式主语时没有具体的意义,而只是帮助把真正的主语移到句子后部去,使句子显得平稳一些。it作形式主语时,可以代替三种形式:
不定式、动名词和主语从句。
L it代替不定式短语
常用于下列句型中:
It + be + 形容词+ (for/of sb.) to do sth.
It + be + 名词+ to do sth.
It takes sb. some time to do sth. 干…花了某人…时间
It,s up to sb. to do sth.干...是某人的职责或义务
如:
①It is everyone,s duty to obey the law.
遵守法律是每个人的义务。
(it作形式主语,代替不定式短语to obey the law)
②It is difficult for a foreigner to learn Chinese.
对于一个外国人来说,学习汉语是困难的。
(it作形式主语,代替不定式短语to learn Chinese)
③It is not right to use these places as rubbish dumps.
把这些地方用来倒垃圾是不对的。
(it作形式主语,代替不定式短语to use these places as rubbish dumps)
it 作形式主语、形式宾语、it开头的短语
• It is high time that I went to see my mother in the hospital. • It is time for you to do your homework.
2/11/2016
以it开头的句型 5. it is/was +强调内容 + that/who从句
It won’t be a long time before we finish cooking. It was four days before they found the lost child.
2/11/2016
以it开头的句型 4. it is (high) time + that从句 =it is (high) time for sb. to do sth
A 4. ________ will take you a lot of time to find him in the crowd. A. It B. I C. We D. They
It + take ( sb. )+ 时间(金钱)+ 动词不定式
2/11/2016
练习题
B 1.(1)______ is known to us all is that English is a useful language. D (2)______ is known to us all, English is a useful language. A (3)_____ is known to us all that English is a useful language. A. It B. What C. That D. As
it 做形式主语的例句
it 做形式主语的例句
如果您有持续的症状,建议咨询医生。
7. It is recommended to exercise for at least 30 minutes
a day.
每天运动至少30分钟是推荐的。
8. It is crucial to have a strong password to protect your online accounts.
为保护您的在线账户,拥有一个强密码是至关重要的。
9. It is interesting to learn about different cultures and traditions.
了解不同文化和传统是有趣的。
10. It is necessary to follow traffic rules to ensure safety on the road.
遵守交通规则以确保在道路上的安全是必要的。
- 1 -
it作形式主语
it作形式主语
It作形式主语常见句型
1. It is kind ( of sb. ) to do sth.
常见替代kind的形容词有bad, brave, careless, clever, cruel, foolish, good (好心的), honest, horrible, kind, lazy, modest, naughty, nice (有教养的), polite, rude, silly, stupid, wise, wrong (错误的)等。这个句型可以改写为:sb. is kind to do sth.
It is kind of you to say so. = You are kind to say so.
2. It is necessary ( for sb. ) to do sth.
该句型与上一个同属一个句型。如果不定式的逻辑主语是由for 引起,主句中的形容词通常是表示重要性,紧迫性,频繁程度,难易,安全等情况的形容词。常见的形容词有:
①important, necessary, natural
②easy, safe, common, normal, hard, difficult, dangerous, unusual, rare, impossible, pleasant 等。
在①中的形容词作表语可以用从句改写:
It is important for her to come to the party.
= It is important that she (should ) come to the party
it作形式主语
㈠ it作形式主语:
it作形式主语时没有具体的意义,而只是帮助把真正的主语移到句子后部去,使句子显得平稳一些。it作形式主语时,可以代替三种形式:不定式、动名词和主语从句。
⒈it代替不定式短语
常用于下列句型中:It + be +形容词+ (for/of sb.) to do sth.
It + be + 名词+ to do sth.
It takes sb. some time to do sth. 干…花了某人…时间
It’s up to sb. to do sth. 干…是某人的职责或义务
①It is everyone’s duty to obey the law.
遵守法律是每个人的义务。(it作形式主语, 代替不定式短语to
obey the law)
②It is difficult for a foreigner to learn Chinese.
对于一个外国人来说,学习汉语是困难的。
(it作形式主语, 代替不定式短语to learn Chinese)
③It is not right to use these places as rubbish dumps.
把这些地方用来倒垃圾是不对的。
(it作形式主语, 代替不定式短语to use these places as rubbish
dumps)
④It took them a year to build the bridge.
建这座桥花了他们一年的时间。(it作形式主语, 代替不定式短
语to build the bridge)
◆It be + 形容词+ for sb. to do sth.与It be + 形容词+of sb. to
“It”作形式主语和形式宾语用法详解
新希望英语语法精讲------“It”作形式主语和形式宾语
“It”作形式主语和形式宾语的用法详解
It作形式主语和形式宾语用法,是英语学习的主要语法项目之一。无论是单项选择,还是完行填空,it 用法始终是反复考查的重、热点之一。现将it在特殊句型中作形式主语和形式宾语用法,进行如下归纳分析,以供学习参考。
一、It 用作形式主语当不定式(短语)、动名词(短语)或从句在某个句子中作主语时,为保持句子结构前后平衡,避免头重脚轻,因此常用it作形式主语置于句首,而将真正的主语放在句尾。此时it只起先行引导作用,本身无词义。
e.g. It is wrong to tell a lie. (说谎是错误的。) 〔It为to tell a lie的形式主语〕
It is no use arguing about it. (争吵是没用的。) 〔It为arguing about it的形式主语〕
It is uncertain who will come. (谁要来还不确定。) 〔It为who will come的形式主语〕
It 作形式主语的常见句型:
①It + be + 形容词+ to do sth. / doing / that ….
e.g. It is very important to learn a foreign language. (学一门外语非常重要。)
It is useless crying over the spilt milk. (覆水难收。)
It was really surprising that she married a man like that.(她嫁给那样的男士真让人惊讶。)
it做形式主语的19个句型
1.It is/was + 被强调部分+ that/who ...
该句型是强调句型。被强调部分可以是主语,宾语,表语或状语。强调的主语如果是人,that 可以由who 换用。如果把这种句型结构划掉后,应该是一个完整无缺的句子。这也是判断强调句型与其它从句的方法。
2. It is not until + 被强调部分+ that ...
该句型也是强调句型。主要用于强凋时间状语,译成汉语“直到……才……”,可以说是not ... until ... 的强调形式。
It was not until she took off her dark glasses that I realized she was a famous film star.
= Not until she took off her dark glasses did I realize she was a famous film star.
= I didn't realize she was a famous film star until she took off her dark glasses.
3. It is clear /obvious/true/possible/certain… that …
该句型中it 是形式主语,真正的主语是that 引导的主语从句,常译为“ 清楚(显然,真的,肯定……)”是主语从句最常见的一种结构。
It is very clear that he's round and tall like a tree.
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It作形式主语和形式宾语,虽然是我们高中就学过的语法点,但在考研英语题型中,无论是在阅读还是翻译,常会考查该知识点。
一.it作形式主语。
英语中不定式、动名词、主语从句在作主语时主语往往显得很长,使整个句子看上去有点头重脚轻,这样就借助“it”来作形式上的主语,而把真正的主语移到句子后边去,使全句结构上前后平衡。“it”并无实际意义。It之后的谓语部分,可以是be+形容词,be+名词(词组),或be+过去分词等。
it 作形式主语,主要分为下列三种情况:不定式作主语、动名词作主语和名词从句作主语。具体分析如下:
一、不定式作真正主语主要用于下列句型:
1. It + is/was + adj./n.+ to do sth.
A.名词作表语。主要有a pity, a pleasure, an idea等。
It is a good idea to think this way. 这样考虑问题是个好办法
除be外,其他动词也有跟名词的情况。例如:
It seems a pity to waste the food. 浪费这些食物真可惜。
B. 形容词或形容词短语作表语。分两种情况:
1.下列形容词;kind,good,nice,clever,wrong,right,foolish,wise,unwise,stupid,rude,careless,cruel,brave ,naughty,polite,selfish等词作表语时,不定式前常可加一个由of引起的短语,来说明不定式指的是谁的情况。形容词表示不定式逻辑主语的特征,即形容词用来描述不定式行为者的性格、品行等。例如:
It was foolish of you to leave school.你中途退学,真是傻瓜。
2. 其他形容词作表语,常见的形容词有:necessary, hard,important, difficult, easy, possible,common等。
It is necessary to learn English.
需要注意的是:动词不定式作主语,一般情况下用it作形式主语,而把动词不定式(从句)放在后面。也可以直接用不定式作主语。例如:
It is wrong to tell lies. = To tell lies is wrong. 撒谎是不对的。
但在疑问句和感叹句中,只能用it作形式主语。例如:
Isn't it a good idea to have a walk around? 出去兜一圈难道不是一个好主意吗?
⒊It + v. + to do sth.
动词不定式作主语时除动词be以外,动词take, cost, need, require, make, sound, occur 等也可用it作形式主语,而把动词不定式放在后面。例如:
It took us three years to complete the project. 我们花费三年时间才完成了这项工程。
二、动名词作真正主语
it 作形式主语,动名词作真正主语主要用于下列句型:
It's +n.(名词或名词短语)/adj.(形容词)+ doing sth.
1)下列形容词后常用动名词作真正主语:nice, good, useless, hard, foolish, enjoyable, worthwhile等。例如:
It is nice talking to you. 跟你交谈真是愉快。
2)下列名词或名词短语作表语时常用动名词作真正主语:use, good, fun, a waste of, job, task等。例如:
It's a waste of time doing this. 这样做是浪费时间的。
It's no good (use) doing that. 那样做没好处(没用)。
三、名词性从句作真正主语
用it 作形式主语的结构主要用于下列句型:
It +谓语+名词性从句(主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句)
1. It is +名词+从句:这样的名词有a fact, a surprise, an honor(非常荣幸)
It is a surprise that you gave such an answer to the question. 你对这个问题作了这样的回答,令人吃惊。
⒉It is +形容词+从句: 这样的形容词有natural, true, strange, necessary, important, obvious(很明显),certain, wonderful, funny, possible, likely, probable等。例如:It is certain that free medical care will be given to most people in our city. 我们城市的多数人将享受免费医疗,这是一定的。
It is probable that he has known everything. 很可能他什么都已经知道了。
⒊It +动词+从句:这样的动词有seem, happen, appear, look, matter, make, strike,
occur(突然想起)等。
It appeared that he had a taste for music. 看来他对音乐有一定的鉴赏力。
It made us very happy that she was saved.她能化险为夷令我们大家很高兴。
⒋It + be + 分词+从句:这样的分词有said(据说),reported(据报道),believed (人们相信),known(众所周知),decided(已决定),proved(已证实),thought, expected, announced, arranged, amusing, puzzling, striking等。例如:
It is said that Li Hao has been to Europe.据说李郝去过欧洲。
需要说明的是,大部分连接词引导的主语从句都可以用it充当形式主语。例如:It remains unknown when they are going to get married. 他们何时结婚依然不明。
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