高一年英美文学raven原文(1)
高英-Mark-Twain—Mirror-of-America原文+翻译+修辞
Mark Twain-the Mirror of America1 Most Americans remember Mark Twain as the father of Huck Finn's idyllic cruise through eternal boyhood and Tom Sawyer's endless summer of freedom and adventure. In-deed, this nation's best-loved author was every bit as adventurous, patriotic, romantic, and humorous as anyone has ever imagined. I found another Twain as well – one who grew cynical, bitter, saddened by the profound personal tragedies life dealt him, a man who became obsessed with the frailties of the human race, who saw clearly ahead a black wall of night.在大多数美国人的心目中,马克?吐温是位伟大作家,他描写了哈克?费恩永恒的童年时代中充满诗情画意的旅程和汤姆?索亚在漫长的夏日里自由自在历险探奇的故事。
的确,这位美国最受人喜爱的作家的探索精神、爱国热情、浪漫气质及幽默笔调都达到了登峰造极的程度。
但我发现还有另一个不同的马克?吐温——一个由于深受人生悲剧的打击而变得愤世嫉俗、尖酸刻薄的马克?吐温,一个为人类品质上的弱点而忧心忡忡、明显地看到前途是一片黑暗的人。
2 Tramp printer, river pilot , Confederate guerrilla, prospector, starry-eyed optimist, acid-tongued cynic: The man who became Mark Twain was born Samuel Langhorne Clemens and he ranged across the nation for more than a third of his life, digesting the new American experience before sharing it with the world as writer and lecturer. He adopted his pen name from the cry heard in his steamboat days, signaling two fathoms (12 feet) of water -- a navigable depth. His popularity is attested by the fact that more than a score of his books remain in print, and translations are still read around the world.印刷工、领航员、邦联游击队员、淘金者、耽于幻想的乐天派、语言尖刻的讽刺家:马克?吐温原名塞缪尔?朗赫恩?克莱门斯,他一生之中有超过三分之一的时间浪迹美国各地,体验着美国的新生活,尔后便以作家和演说家的身分将他所感受到的这一切介绍给全世界。
爱伦坡的《乌鸦》The_Raven_by_Edgar_Allan_Poe(辰阳译)
乌鸦很久前一个阴郁的午夜,我感到疲惫而又慵懒一边沉思着那些早已为世人遗忘的离奇书卷一边又点头连连,睡意恹恹。
忽有敲门声回响在耳畔仿佛有人轻轻地、轻轻地叩响了我的门环“这是某位来客”,我嘀咕着说,“在把房门叩击——仅此而已,别无它事!”啊!我至今清晰犹记,那是一个凄楚的冬季每一块儿将尽而未尽的木炭,依然在地板上幽灵般熰燃我急切地守候着天亮,并且徒劳地希望能够在书中聊且把悲伤埋葬,为那逝去的丽诺而哀伤为那天使称其为丽诺的、明净而又唯一的姑娘,——而今却永远,无以仿佛其形象。
每一个紫色的丝绸窗帘,都发出瑟瑟的低沉哀怨让我心惊,让我感到前所未有的莫名惶恐直到现在,我的心仍旧在不停悸动“这是某位来客,恳请借宿休息某位晚归的来客,恳请借宿于此——仅此而已,别无它事!”我的心很快变得坚强,不再那么犹豫而又彷徨“先生?或者是女士”,我说,“我真诚地向您表达歉意当您前来敲门儿,正好我正在打盹儿您轻轻地敲门,是如此之轻盈以至于我不能肯定,我是否真的听清。
”于是我把房门打开——但见漆黑一片,空无一物存在我极目向黑暗中张望,长久地矗立着,恐惧而又迷茫疑虑、冥思,冥思那些无人敢于冥思的问题然而沉静依然如故,死寂一如其初唯一听到的话语,是那低声的私语,“丽诺?”我这么说着,并听到回声从耳旁掠过,“丽诺!”仅此而已,别无它事。
转身走入房门,心中犹如火焚更响的敲门声再次响起“肯定是”,我说,“肯定是什么东西扰动了窗格子让我去,让我去探清那里的秘密让我的心稍事平息,好弄清楚这里的底细。
”——是风而已,别无它事。
当我伸手拉开百叶窗,却看到一只乌鸦振动着翅膀一只远古传说中的庄严的乌鸦从天而降没有半点的谦恭,没有半刻的暂停俨然一位夫人或主人,蹲居于我的房门恰恰蹲居在我的房门之上,栖息于那尊半身的雅典娜塑像——就这样蹲居,就这样栖息,仅此而已,别无它事。
我的迷思变成了微笑皆因这黑鸟阴沉而又冷峻的容貌“尽管你的鸟冠平坦如剪,你却一定不是懦夫”,我敢断言“不是阴森可怖的古老乌鸦,飞离于冥夜的海岸告诉我,在普鲁同的冥夜之岸,该如何把你高贵的名字呼唤!”乌鸦答曰:“永不复焉。
The-Raven中英文赏析
哥特式文学首先盛行于18,19世纪的西方世界,旨在描述发生在充满神秘与恐怖氛围中的传奇经历。
许多学者认为,“哥特元素大都运用于小说创作,而诗歌则由于受到情节、节奏与韵律的限制而缺少叙述哥特故事的基础条件” (Tzvetan 25-26)。
但部分学者则坚信“哥特元素不仅存在于小说中,在诗歌当中亦可以分外活跃”(刘守兰:55)。
作为美国哥特文学大师与先驱,埃德加·爱伦坡的短篇小说以及他的诗作都充满了哥特式的神奇色彩。
但是大多数学者仅将研究聚焦于其短篇小说中的哥特研究,而忽视了该元素在其诗歌中也存在的现实。
一、爱伦坡所持的哥特式文学理论爱伦坡对美好事物的凋零有着强烈的迷恋。
追根究底,这还源于他儿时的丧亲之痛,与中年的丧妻之痛。
而已逝女子的影子常在他脑海里盘旋,引领他在诗歌王国里翱翔。
哥特式风格又恰如其分地被其用于诠释他心底深处的恐惧与压抑。
众多作家在描写恐怖情节时,常对外部环境进行大力渲染,而他则更注重对人内心世界的雕琢。
他深信“诗歌的最好主题是死亡,尤其是美丽尤物的死亡,将毫无疑问是世界上最具诗意的主题(Poe:133-140)”。
他用诗歌践行了自己的写作原则,并将一生都奉献给了这种哀伤的美丽。
为更清晰地展现爱伦坡的哥特式写作风格,本文将以《乌鸦》为例并诠释其中所蕴含的死亡之美与哥特式元素。
二、意象塑造1、人与物的塑造《乌鸦》塑造了两个重要形象:年轻男子与乌鸦。
悲伤的男子刚失去他最爱的女子,他企图沉浸于书以忘却伤痛,但一切都是徒劳,他越看书,越被寂寞与悲痛侵蚀;而象征死亡与不祥的乌鸦却在午夜,飞入这间男子曾常与故去情人蕾诺相会的小屋。
此外,诗人还塑造了两个对诗的主旨起重要作用的意象。
其一为黑色,“纯色调可使人产生快乐或抑郁之感”(朱立元:489-490)。
诗中所连续采用的黑色背景,可使读者感到压抑,从而感受男子心底的恐惧与悲痛。
诗中反复出现的“永远不再”亦可看作一种特殊形象。
除该词的原意外,它还具有象征意义。
The Raven中英文赏析
哥特式文学首先盛行于18,19世纪的西方世界,旨在描述发生在充满神秘与恐怖氛围中的传奇经历.许多学者认为,“哥特元素大都运用于小说创作,而诗歌则由于受到情节、节奏与韵律的限制而缺少叙述哥特故事的基础条件” (Tzvetan 25—26)。
但部分学者则坚信“哥特元素不仅存在于小说中,在诗歌当中亦可以分外活跃”(刘守兰:55)。
作为美国哥特文学大师与先驱,埃德加·爱伦坡的短篇小说以及他的诗作都充满了哥特式的神奇色彩.但是大多数学者仅将研究聚焦于其短篇小说中的哥特研究,而忽视了该元素在其诗歌中也存在的现实。
一、爱伦坡所持的哥特式文学理论爱伦坡对美好事物的凋零有着强烈的迷恋.追根究底,这还源于他儿时的丧亲之痛,与中年的丧妻之痛.而已逝女子的影子常在他脑海里盘旋,引领他在诗歌王国里翱翔。
哥特式风格又恰如其分地被其用于诠释他心底深处的恐惧与压抑。
众多作家在描写恐怖情节时,常对外部环境进行大力渲染,而他则更注重对人内心世界的雕琢.他深信“诗歌的最好主题是死亡,尤其是美丽尤物的死亡,将毫无疑问是世界上最具诗意的主题(Poe:133—140)”。
他用诗歌践行了自己的写作原则,并将一生都奉献给了这种哀伤的美丽.为更清晰地展现爱伦坡的哥特式写作风格,本文将以《乌鸦》为例并诠释其中所蕴含的死亡之美与哥特式元素.二、意象塑造1、人与物的塑造《乌鸦》塑造了两个重要形象:年轻男子与乌鸦。
悲伤的男子刚失去他最爱的女子,他企图沉浸于书以忘却伤痛,但一切都是徒劳,他越看书,越被寂寞与悲痛侵蚀;而象征死亡与不祥的乌鸦却在午夜,飞入这间男子曾常与故去情人蕾诺相会的小屋.此外,诗人还塑造了两个对诗的主旨起重要作用的意象。
其一为黑色,“纯色调可使人产生快乐或抑郁之感"(朱立元:489-490).诗中所连续采用的黑色背景,可使读者感到压抑,从而感受男子心底的恐惧与悲痛。
诗中反复出现的“永远不再”亦可看作一种特殊形象。
除该词的原意外,它还具有象征意义.在乌鸦出场时,悲伤的男子问它叫什么名字,乌鸦的回答就是“永远不再",但当主人翁向乌鸦询问是否有良药以消除他心中对蕾诺的思念时,当他想知道是否能与蕾诺在遥远的天堂再次相会时,以及最后要求乌鸦离开小屋时,乌鸦都是通过“永远不再”作答,也正是这个词,使得男子陷入永恒的悲痛深渊。
高一英美文学爱伦坡乌鸦EdgarAllenoeandheRavenPPT课件
Introduction
a miserable childhood
was adopted
entered the University
by John Allan
but didn’t finish
went to West Point but
an unhappy
was dismissed
relationship
Ratiocination(推理)
“The Murders in the Rue Morgue” 《莫格街谋杀案》
“The Gold Bug”《金甲虫》
“The Purloined Letter”《被窃的信
件“》The Mystery of Marie Roget” 《玛丽罗杰谜
案》
10
works
at 27 he married his 13-year-old cousin
her death in 1847 left him a bitterer life
died in mysterious circumstance s, in 1849
5
Introduction
a villain with no virtue
Cps. yfacthhoearnoaflfdyatetitcheecrtiovfe
western stories;
criticism;
3
Important Points
• 1. Poe’s major works. • 2. Poe’s literary characteristics
and achievements
Literary theory
The Philosophy of Composition 《创作原理》 The Poetic Principle 《诗歌原则》
the raven
"The Raven" is a narrative poem by the American writer and poet Edgar Allan Poe. It was published for the first time on January 29, 1845, in the New York Evening Mirror. Noted for its musicality, stylized language and supernatural atmosphere, it tells of the mysterious visit of a talking raven to a distraught lover, tracing his slow descent into madness.Its use of language, alliteration, internal rhymes, and archaic vocabulary, enhances the Gothic tenor of the piece and has led to numerous parodies. It is best remembered for its varied and repeated key line, "Quoth the Raven: 'Nevermore.'" It has a metrical construction that is mesmeric in quality, shown in its famous opening lines:〖Once upon a midnight dreary, while I pondered, weak and weary,Over many a quaint and curious volume of forgotten lore,While I nodded, nearly napping, suddenly there came a tapping,As of someone gently rapping, rapping at my chamber door."'Tis some visitor," I muttered, "tapping at my chamber door;Only this, and nothing more." 〗The basic meter of the poem is "trochaic octameter", that is, lines of 8 trochees (pairs of syllables, the first with strong stress, the second with weak). All 18 verses have the same form, as the narrator's night terrors increase. This conserved meter creates a feeling of stability, with the words contrasting the scheme with growing tension and anxiety. The piece is thought by many to reflect the paranoia of its author.The poem, like other works by Poe such as "The Black Cat," "The Imp of the Perverse," and "The Tell-Tale Heart," is a study of guilt or "perverseness" (in Poe's own words, "The human thirst for self-torture"). in "The Raven" we are only told that the narrator has lost his love, Lenore (imported from an earlier poem, "Lenore" (1831) which was itself a massive reworking of "A Paean"; both are also about the death of a young woman). His reaction to the loss has been colored by mysticism ("volume of forgotten lore"), and we know he is filled with fear at receiving a visitor (perhaps Lenore herself, "the whispered word 'Lenore'"), before he even sees the mysterious raven ("from the night's plutonian shore"—Pluto being the Roman god of the Underworld—known as Hades in the Greek mythology—implying that the Raven is from Hell), with its single word of judgment, "Nevermore.""Guilt" should not be taken here in either the standard legal or moral senses. Poe's characters usually do not feel "guilt" because they did a "bad" thing—that is, the story is not didactic (in his essay "The Poetic Principle" Poe called didacticism the worst of "heresies"); there is no "moral to the story." Guilt, for Poe, is "perverse," and perverseness is the desire for self-destruction. It is completely indifferent to societal distinctions between right and wrong. "Guilt" is the inexplicable and inexorable desire to destroy oneself eo ipso."The Raven" is also an excellent example of arabesque writing as well as grotesque. In addition to the narrator's physical terror throughout the poem, there are a great deal of psychologically disturbing sequences and images Poe describes.The narrator quickly learns what the bird will say in response to his questions, and he knows the answerwill be a negative ("Nevermore"). However, he asks questions, repeatedly, which would optimistically have a "positive" answer, "Is there balm in Gilead? Will I meet Lenore in Aidenn (Heaven)?" To each question the Raven's predestined reply is "Nevermore", which only increases the narrator's anguish.The themes of self-perpetuating anguish and self-destroying obsession over the death of a beautiful woman are in themselves the most poetic of topics, according to Poe (see his essay "The Philosophy of Composition"). The torture which the bird has brought to the narrator was already in the narrator's ruminating character—the bird only brought out what was inside. The raven itself is a mechanical process: deterministic, preordained, one word being the bird's "only stock and store." The Narrator throws himself against this process in a form of masochism, and lets it destroy him and consume him ("my soul from out that shadow shall be lifted—Nevermore!")Why or how Lenore was lost, we do not know, but the narrator is torn between the desire to forget and the desire to remember. Death without cause is standard for Poe (See "Ligeia," "Eleonora," "Morella," "Berenice," "The Fall of the House of Usher," "The Oval Portrait," "Annabel Lee," "Lenore," "A Pæan," "The Bells," and others). The female beauty dies without cause or explanation—or she dies because she was beautiful. In the end, the narrator clings to the memory, for that is all he has left. What the raven has taken from him so cruelly is his loneliness—but this cruelty he brought upon himself, for he cannot resist the urge to interrogate the raven. He is fascinated by the bird's repeated, desolate reply. The narrator repetedly asks it questions in the hope that it will say "yes" (forevermore)—or perhaps out of a morbid desire to be again told "no."Although the bird seems a hallucination, it is in fact real (this is not to say that the narrator does not hallucinate at all, though), with real black feathers and a real croaking of the single word, "Nevermore." Ravens can be taught to speak. Poe's raven is thought to have been inspired by the raven Grip in Barnaby Rudge by Charles Dickens. Dickens's bird has many words and comic turns, including the popping of a champagne cork, but Poe felt that Dickens did not make enough of the bird's dramatic qualities.The RavenOnce upon a midnight dreary, while I pondered, weak and weakry,Over many a quint and curious volume of forgotten lore,While I nodded, nearly napping, suddenly there came a tapping,As of some one rapping, rapping at my chamber door.―Tis some visitor," I muttered, "tapping at my chamber door——Only this, and nothing more." 有一天阴沉的半夜时分,当我疲乏烦闷,面对一堆古籍奇书,想把失传的奥秘揭开,当我打着盹几乎睡着,忽听得一声剥啄,仿佛有人轻轻敲着,轻敲在我的房门外。
The_Raven中英文赏析
The_Raven中英文赏析乌鸦(爱伦?坡著)? 曹明伦译(安徽文艺出版社1999年版本)从前一个阴郁的子夜,我独自沉思,慵懒疲竭,面对许多古怪而离奇、并早已被人遗忘的书卷; 当我开始打盹,几乎入睡,突然传来一阵轻擂,仿佛有人在轻轻叩击——轻轻叩击我房间的门环。
“有客来也”,我轻声嘟喃,“正在叩击我的门环,惟此而已,别无他般。
”哦,我清楚地记得那是在风凄雨冷的十二月,每一团奄奄一息的余烬都形成阴影伏在地板。
我当时真盼望翌日——因为我已经枉费心机想用书来消除伤悲,消除因失去丽诺尔的伤感,因那位被天使叫作丽诺尔的少女,她美丽娇艳,在此已抹去芳名,直至永远。
那柔软、暗淡、飒飒飘动的每一块紫色窗布使我心中充满前所未有的恐惧,我毛骨悚然; 为平息我心儿的悸跳(我站起身反复念叨“这是有客人想进屋,正在叩我房间的门环,更深夜半有客人想进屋,正在叩我房间的门环,惟此而已,别无他般。
”于是我的心变得坚强;不再犹疑,不再彷徨,“先生”,我说,“或夫人,我求你多多包涵; 刚才我正睡意昏昏,而你敲门又敲得那么轻,你敲门又敲得那么轻,轻轻叩我房间的门环,我差点以为没听见你”,说着我打开门扇——但惟有黑夜,别无他般。
凝视着夜色幽幽,我站在门边惊惧良久,疑惑中似乎梦见从前没人敢梦见的梦幻; 可那未被打破的寂静,没显示任何象征,“丽诺尔,”便是我嗫嚅念叨的惟一字眼,我念叨“丽诺尔”,回声把这名字轻轻送还;惟此而已,别无他般。
我转身回到房中,我的整个心烧灼般疼痛,很快我又听到叩击声,比刚才听起来明显。
“肯定”,我说,“肯定有什么在我的窗棂; 让我瞧瞧是什么在那儿,去把那秘密发现,让我的心先镇静一会儿,去把那秘密发现;那不过是风,别无他般~”然后我推开了窗户,随着翅膀的一阵猛扑,一只神圣往昔的乌鸦庄重地走进我房间; 它既没向我致意问候,也没有片刻的停留,而是以绅士淑女的风度栖到我房门的上面,栖在我房门上方一尊帕拉斯半身雕像上面;栖息在那儿,仅如此这般。
高一英语诵读美文
Youth by Samuel Ullman (塞缪尔•厄尔曼)Youth is not a time of life; it is a state of mind; it is not a matter of rosy cheeks, red lips and supple knees. It is a matter of the will, quality of the imagination, vigor of the emotions; it is the freshness of the deep springs of life.Youth means a temperamental predominance of courage over timidity, of the appetite for adventure over the love of ease. This often exists in a man of 60 more than a boy of 20. Nobody grows old merely by a number of years. We grow old by deserting our ideals.Years may wrinkle the skin, but to give up enthusiasm wrinkles the soul. Worry, fear, self distrust blows the heart and turns the spirit back to dust.Whether 60 or 16, there is in every human being’s heart the unfailing child like appetite of what’s next and the joy of the game of living. In the center of your heart and my heart there is a wireless station, so long as it receives message of beauty, hope, cheer, courage and power from men and from the Infinite, so long are you young.When the aerials are down, and your spirit is covered with snows of cynicism and the ice of pessimism, then you are grown old, even at 20, but as long as your aerials are up, to catch waves of optimism, there is hope you may die young at 80.rosy adj. 玫瑰色的cheek n. 脸颊supple adj. 柔软的vigor n. 精力freshness n. 清新temperamental adj. 气质上的predominance n. 优势timidity n. 胆怯appetite n. 爱好,欲望,胃口wrinkle v. (使)皱n. 皱纹enthusiasm n. 积极性distrust n. 不信任unfailing adj. 经久不衰的aerial n. 天线cynicism n. 玩世不恭pessimism n. 悲观主义optimism n. 乐观主义青春不是年华,而是心境;青春不是桃面、丹唇、柔膝,而是深沉的意志,恢宏的想象,炙热的恋情;青春是生命的深泉在涌流。
TheRaven中英文赏析
哥特式文学首先盛行于18,19世纪的西方世界,旨在描述发生在充满神秘与恐怖氛围中的传奇经历。
许多学者认为,“哥特元素大都运用于小说创作,而诗歌则由于受到情节、节奏与韵律的限制而缺少叙述哥特故事的基础条件” (Tzvetan 25-26)。
但部分学者则坚信“哥特元素不仅存在于小说中,在诗歌当中亦可以分外活跃”(刘守兰:55)。
作为美国哥特文学大师与先驱,埃德加·爱伦坡的短篇小说以及他的诗作都充满了哥特式的神奇色彩。
但是大多数学者仅将研究聚焦于其短篇小说中的哥特研究,而忽视了该元素在其诗歌中也存在的现实。
一、爱伦坡所持的哥特式文学理论爱伦坡对美好事物的凋零有着强烈的迷恋。
追根究底,这还源于他儿时的丧亲之痛,与中年的丧妻之痛。
而已逝女子的影子常在他脑海里盘旋,引领他在诗歌王国里翱翔。
哥特式风格又恰如其分地被其用于诠释他心底深处的恐惧与压抑。
众多作家在描写恐怖情节时,常对外部环境进行大力渲染,而他则更注重对人内心世界的雕琢。
他深信“诗歌的最好主题是死亡,尤其是美丽尤物的死亡,将毫无疑问是世界上最具诗意的主题(Poe:133-140)”。
他用诗歌践行了自己的写作原则,并将一生都奉献给了这种哀伤的美丽。
为更清晰地展现爱伦坡的哥特式写作风格,本文将以《乌鸦》为例并诠释其中所蕴含的死亡之美与哥特式元素。
二、意象塑造1、人与物的塑造《乌鸦》塑造了两个重要形象:年轻男子与乌鸦。
悲伤的男子刚失去他最爱的女子,他企图沉浸于书以忘却伤痛,但一切都是徒劳,他越看书,越被寂寞与悲痛侵蚀;而象征死亡与不祥的乌鸦却在午夜,飞入这间男子曾常与故去情人蕾诺相会的小屋。
此外,诗人还塑造了两个对诗的主旨起重要作用的意象。
其一为黑色,“纯色调可使人产生快乐或抑郁之感”(朱立元:489-490)。
诗中所连续采用的黑色背景,可使读者感到压抑,从而感受男子心底的恐惧与悲痛。
诗中反复出现的“永远不再”亦可看作一种特殊形象。
除该词的原意外,它还具有象征意义。
高一年英美文学爱伦坡-乌鸦 Edgar-Allen-Poe-and-The-Raven(1)
only 24.Poe wrote this poem during her illness of TB when he felt she would die someday because TB ,at that time ,was a incurable disease. Professor David Rein considered the beautiful Sarah Elmira Royster ,Poe’s neighbor, was the prototype of the Lenore .They loved each other when Poe was young ,but Sarah’s father opposed them ,so they were pitifully taken apart .And that’s the lost beauty .Maybe it’s the reason why Poe ghastly scared his friends or we can say his wife would leave.
The term “gothic” has also been extended to denote(代表,表现) a type of fiction that a. develops an atmosphere of gloom or terror, b. represents events which are mysterious, horrible, or extremely violent, and c. often deals with abnormal psychological states.
her death in 1847 left him a bitterer life
高英-Mark-Twain—Mirror-of-America原文+翻译+修辞
Mark Twain-the Mirror of America1 Most Americans remember Mark Twain as the father of Huck Finn's idyllic cruise through eternal boyhood and Tom Sawyer's endless summer of freedom and adventure. In-deed, this nation's best-loved author was every bit as adventurous, patriotic, romantic, and humorous as anyone has ever imagined. I found another Twain as well – one who grew cynical, bitter, saddened by the profound personal tragedies life dealt him, a man who became obsessed with the frailties of the human race, who saw clearly ahead a black wall of night.在大多数美国人的心目中,马克?吐温是位伟大作家,他描写了哈克?费恩永恒的童年时代中充满诗情画意的旅程和汤姆?索亚在漫长的夏日里自由自在历险探奇的故事。
的确,这位美国最受人喜爱的作家的探索精神、爱国热情、浪漫气质及幽默笔调都达到了登峰造极的程度。
但我发现还有另一个不同的马克?吐温——一个由于深受人生悲剧的打击而变得愤世嫉俗、尖酸刻薄的马克?吐温,一个为人类品质上的弱点而忧心忡忡、明显地看到前途是一片黑暗的人。
2 Tramp printer, river pilot , Confederate guerrilla, prospector, starry-eyed optimist, acid-tongued cynic: The man who became Mark Twain was born Samuel Langhorne Clemens and he ranged across the nation for more than a third of his life, digesting the new American experience before sharing it with the world as writer and lecturer. He adopted his pen name from the cry heard in his steamboat days, signaling two fathoms (12 feet) of water -- a navigable depth. His popularity is attested by the fact that more than a score of his books remain in print, and translations are still read around the world.印刷工、领航员、邦联游击队员、淘金者、耽于幻想的乐天派、语言尖刻的讽刺家:马克?吐温原名塞缪尔?朗赫恩?克莱门斯,他一生之中有超过三分之一的时间浪迹美国各地,体验着美国的新生活,尔后便以作家和演说家的身分将他所感受到的这一切介绍给全世界。
The Raven中英文赏析
哥特式文学首先盛行于18,19世纪的西方世界,旨在描述发生在充满神秘与恐怖氛围中的传奇经历。
许多学者认为,“哥特元素大都运用于小说创作,而诗歌则由于受到情节、节奏与韵律的限制而缺少叙述哥特故事的基础条件” (Tzvetan 25-26)。
但部分学者则坚信“哥特元素不仅存在于小说中,在诗歌当中亦可以分外活跃”(刘守兰:55)。
作为美国哥特文学大师与先驱,埃德加·爱伦坡的短篇小说以及他的诗作都充满了哥特式的神奇色彩。
但是大多数学者仅将研究聚焦于其短篇小说中的哥特研究,而忽视了该元素在其诗歌中也存在的现实.一、爱伦坡所持的哥特式文学理论爱伦坡对美好事物的凋零有着强烈的迷恋。
追根究底,这还源于他儿时的丧亲之痛,与中年的丧妻之痛。
而已逝女子的影子常在他脑海里盘旋,引领他在诗歌王国里翱翔。
哥特式风格又恰如其分地被其用于诠释他心底深处的恐惧与压抑。
众多作家在描写恐怖情节时,常对外部环境进行大力渲染,而他则更注重对人内心世界的雕琢.他深信“诗歌的最好主题是死亡,尤其是美丽尤物的死亡,将毫无疑问是世界上最具诗意的主题(Poe:133—140)”。
他用诗歌践行了自己的写作原则,并将一生都奉献给了这种哀伤的美丽。
为更清晰地展现爱伦坡的哥特式写作风格,本文将以《乌鸦》为例并诠释其中所蕴含的死亡之美与哥特式元素。
二、意象塑造1、人与物的塑造《乌鸦》塑造了两个重要形象:年轻男子与乌鸦。
悲伤的男子刚失去他最爱的女子,他企图沉浸于书以忘却伤痛,但一切都是徒劳,他越看书,越被寂寞与悲痛侵蚀;而象征死亡与不祥的乌鸦却在午夜,飞入这间男子曾常与故去情人蕾诺相会的小屋.此外,诗人还塑造了两个对诗的主旨起重要作用的意象。
其一为黑色,“纯色调可使人产生快乐或抑郁之感”(朱立元:489-490)。
诗中所连续采用的黑色背景,可使读者感到压抑,从而感受男子心底的恐惧与悲痛。
诗中反复出现的“永远不再”亦可看作一种特殊形象。
除该词的原意外,它还具有象征意义。
the raven译文
乌鸦爱伦·坡著◇曹明伦译(安徽文艺出版社1999年版本)从前一个阴郁的子夜,我独自沉思,慵懒疲竭,面对许多古怪而离奇、并早已被人遗忘的书卷;当我开始打盹,几乎入睡,突然传来一阵轻擂,仿佛有人在轻轻叩击——轻轻叩击我房间的门环。
“有客来也”,我轻声嘟喃,“正在叩击我的门环,惟此而已,别无他般。
”哦,我清楚地记得那是在风凄雨冷的十二月,每一团奄奄一息的余烬都形成阴影伏在地板。
我当时真盼望翌日——因为我已经枉费心机想用书来消除伤悲,消除因失去丽诺尔的伤感,因那位被天使叫作丽诺尔的少女,她美丽娇艳,在此已抹去芳名,直至永远。
那柔软、暗淡、飒飒飘动的每一块紫色窗布使我心中充满前所未有的恐惧,我毛骨悚然;为平息我心儿的悸跳.我站起身反复念叨“这是有客人想进屋,正在叩我房间的门环,更深夜半有客人想进屋,正在叩我房间的门环,惟此而已,别无他般。
”于是我的心变得坚强;不再犹疑,不再彷徨,“先生”,我说,“或夫人,我求你多多包涵;刚才我正睡意昏昏,而你敲门又敲得那么轻,你敲门又敲得那么轻,轻轻叩我房间的门环,我差点以为没听见你”,说着我打开门扇——但惟有黑夜,别无他般。
凝视着夜色幽幽,我站在门边惊惧良久,疑惑中似乎梦见从前没人敢梦见的梦幻;可那未被打破的寂静,没显示任何象征,“丽诺尔?”便是我嗫嚅念叨的惟一字眼,我念叨“丽诺尔”,回声把这名字轻轻送还;惟此而已,别无他般。
我转身回到房中,我的整个心烧灼般疼痛,很快我又听到叩击声,比刚才听起来明显。
“肯定”,我说,“肯定有什么在我的窗棂;让我瞧瞧是什么在那儿,去把那秘密发现,让我的心先镇静一会儿,去把那秘密发现;那不过是风,别无他般!”然后我推开了窗户,随着翅膀的一阵猛扑,一只神圣往昔的乌鸦庄重地走进我房间;它既没向我致意问候,也没有片刻的停留,而是以绅士淑女的风度栖到我房门的上面,栖在我房门上方一尊帕拉斯半身雕像上面;栖息在那儿,仅如此这般。
于是这只黑鸟把我悲伤的幻觉哄骗成微笑,以它那老成持重一本正经温文尔雅的容颜,“冠毛虽被剪除”,我说,“但你显然不是懦夫,你这幽灵般可怕的古鸦,漂泊来自夜的彼岸,请告诉我你尊姓大名,在黑沉沉的冥府阴间!”乌鸦答曰“永不复焉”。
The Raven中英文赏析
哥特式文学首先盛行于18,19世纪的西方世界,旨在描述发生在充满神秘与恐怖氛围中的传奇经历。
许多学者认为,“哥特元素大都运用于小说创作,而诗歌则由于受到情节、节奏与韵律的限制而缺少叙述哥特故事的基础条件”(Tzvetan 25-26)。
但部分学者则坚信“哥特元素不仅存在于小说中,在诗歌当中亦可以分外活跃”(刘守兰:55)。
作为美国哥特文学大师与先驱,埃德加·爱伦坡的短篇小说以及他的诗作都充满了哥特式的神奇色彩。
但是大多数学者仅将研究聚焦于其短篇小说中的哥特研究,而忽视了该元素在其诗歌中也存在的现实。
一、爱伦坡所持的哥特式文学理论爱伦坡对美好事物的凋零有着强烈的迷恋。
追根究底,这还源于他儿时的丧亲之痛,与中年的丧妻之痛。
而已逝女子的影子常在他脑海里盘旋,引领他在诗歌王国里翱翔。
哥特式风格又恰如其分地被其用于诠释他心底深处的恐惧与压抑。
众多作家在描写恐怖情节时,常对外部环境进行大力渲染,而他则更注重对人内心世界的雕琢。
他深信“诗歌的最好主题是死亡,尤其是美丽尤物的死亡,将毫无疑问是世界上最具诗意的主题(Poe:133-140)”。
他用诗歌践行了自己的写作原则,并将一生都奉献给了这种哀伤的美丽。
为更清晰地展现爱伦坡的哥特式写作风格,本文将以《乌鸦》为例并诠释其中所蕴含的死亡之美与哥特式元素。
二、意象塑造1、人与物的塑造《乌鸦》塑造了两个重要形象:年轻男子与乌鸦。
悲伤的男子刚失去他最爱的女子,他企图沉浸于书以忘却伤痛,但一切都是徒劳,他越看书,越被寂寞与悲痛侵蚀;而象征死亡与不祥的乌鸦却在午夜,飞入这间男子曾常与故去情人蕾诺相会的小屋。
此外,诗人还塑造了两个对诗的主旨起重要作用的意象。
其一为黑色,“纯色调可使人产生快乐或抑郁之感”(朱立元:489-490)。
诗中所连续采用的黑色背景,可使读者感到压抑,从而感受男子心底的恐惧与悲痛。
诗中反复出现的“永远不再”亦可看作一种特殊形象。
除该词的原意外,它还具有象征意义。
The Raven中英文赏析
哥特式文学首先盛行于18,19世纪的西方世界,旨在描述发生在充满神秘与恐怖氛围中的传奇经历。
许多学者认为,“哥特元素大都运用于小说创作,而诗歌则由于受到情节、节奏与韵律的限制而缺少叙述哥特故事的基础条件”(Tzvetan 25-26)。
但部分学者则坚信“哥特元素不仅存在于小说中,在诗歌当中亦可以分外活跃”(刘守兰:55)。
作为美国哥特文学大师与先驱,埃德加·爱伦坡的短篇小说以及他的诗作都充满了哥特式的神奇色彩。
但是大多数学者仅将研究聚焦于其短篇小说中的哥特研究,而忽视了该元素在其诗歌中也存在的现实。
一、爱伦坡所持的哥特式文学理论爱伦坡对美好事物的凋零有着强烈的迷恋。
追根究底,这还源于他儿时的丧亲之痛,与中年的丧妻之痛。
而已逝女子的影子常在他脑海里盘旋,引领他在诗歌王国里翱翔。
哥特式风格又恰如其分地被其用于诠释他心底深处的恐惧与压抑。
众多作家在描写恐怖情节时,常对外部环境进行大力渲染,而他则更注重对人内心世界的雕琢。
他深信“诗歌的最好主题是死亡,尤其是美丽尤物的死亡,将毫无疑问是世界上最具诗意的主题(Poe:133-140)”。
他用诗歌践行了自己的写作原则,并将一生都奉献给了这种哀伤的美丽。
为更清晰地展现爱伦坡的哥特式写作风格,本文将以《乌鸦》为例并诠释其中所蕴含的死亡之美与哥特式元素。
二、意象塑造1、人与物的塑造《乌鸦》塑造了两个重要形象:年轻男子与乌鸦。
悲伤的男子刚失去他最爱的女子,他企图沉浸于书以忘却伤痛,但一切都是徒劳,他越看书,越被寂寞与悲痛侵蚀;而象征死亡与不祥的乌鸦却在午夜,飞入这间男子曾常与故去情人蕾诺相会的小屋。
此外,诗人还塑造了两个对诗的主旨起重要作用的意象。
其一为黑色,“纯色调可使人产生快乐或抑郁之感”(朱立元:489-490)。
诗中所连续采用的黑色背景,可使读者感到压抑,从而感受男子心底的恐惧与悲痛。
诗中反复出现的“永远不再”亦可看作一种特殊形象。
除该词的原意外,它还具有象征意义。
the-raven中英文赏析(1)
哥特式文学首先盛行于18,19世纪的西方世界,旨在描述发生在充满神秘与恐怖氛围中的传奇经历。
许多学者认为,“哥特元素大都运用于小说创作,而诗歌则由于受到情节、节奏与韵律的限制而缺少叙述哥特故事的基础条件” (Tzvetan 25-26)。
但部分学者则坚信“哥特元素不仅存在于小说中,在诗歌当中亦可以分外活跃”(刘守兰:55)。
作为美国哥特文学大师与先驱,埃德加·爱伦坡的短篇小说以及他的诗作都充满了哥特式的神奇色彩。
但是大多数学者仅将研究聚焦于其短篇小说中的哥特研究,而忽视了该元素在其诗歌中也存在的现实。
一、爱伦坡所持的哥特式文学理论爱伦坡对美好事物的凋零有着强烈的迷恋。
追根究底,这还源于他儿时的丧亲之痛,与中年的丧妻之痛。
而已逝女子的影子常在他脑海里盘旋,引领他在诗歌王国里翱翔。
哥特式风格又恰如其分地被其用于诠释他心底深处的恐惧与压抑。
众多作家在描写恐怖情节时,常对外部环境进行大力渲染,而他则更注重对人内心世界的雕琢。
他深信“诗歌的最好主题是死亡,尤其是美丽尤物的死亡,将毫无疑问是世界上最具诗意的主题(Poe:133-140)”。
他用诗歌践行了自己的写作原则,并将一生都奉献给了这种哀伤的美丽。
为更清晰地展现爱伦坡的哥特式写作风格,本文将以《乌鸦》为例并诠释其中所蕴含的死亡之美与哥特式元素。
二、意象塑造1、人与物的塑造《乌鸦》塑造了两个重要形象:年轻男子与乌鸦。
悲伤的男子刚失去他最爱的女子,他企图沉浸于书以忘却伤痛,但一切都是徒劳,他越看书,越被寂寞与悲痛侵蚀;而象征死亡与不祥的乌鸦却在午夜,飞入这间男子曾常与故去情人蕾诺相会的小屋。
此外,诗人还塑造了两个对诗的主旨起重要作用的意象。
其一为黑色,“纯色调可使人产生快乐或抑郁之感”(朱立元:489-490)。
诗中所连续采用的黑色背景,可使读者感到压抑,从而感受男子心底的恐惧与悲痛。
诗中反复出现的“永远不再”亦可看作一种特殊形象。
除该词的原意外,它还具有象征意义。
美国文学欣赏Edgar_Allan_Poe
In Europe
• George Bernard Shaw: “the greatest journalistic critic of his time”
• His poetry is “exquisitely refined”. • His tales are “complete works of art”. • Baudelaire: “Edgar Poe, who isn’t much in
– Forerunner of western decadent literature – Forerunner of aesthetic literature – Explorer of abnormal psychology – Father of psychoanalytic criticism – Path-breaker of American detective novel – Father of modern short story
• Not accepted before French symbolists like Charles Pierre Baudelaire (1821-1867) and Mallarmé.
In America
• Emerson: “the jingle man” (noisy)
• Mark Twain: His prose is unreadable.
• T. S. Eliot: a critic of the first rank, but with “slipshod writing” (careless)
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性,平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益,请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间:9:00-18:30)。
厦门十中英美文学赏析之The Raven:Edgar Allan Poe[First published in 1845]Once upon a midnight dreary, while I pondered weak and weary, 从前一个阴郁的子夜,我独自沉思,慵懒疲竭,Over many a quaint and curious volume of forgotten lore, 沉思许多古怪而离奇、早已被人遗忘的传闻——While I nodded, nearly napping, suddenly there came a tapping, 当我开始打盹,几乎入睡,突然传来一阵轻擂,As of some one gently rapping, rapping at my chamber door. 仿佛有人在轻轻叩击,轻轻叩击我的房门。
`'Tis some visitor,' I muttered, `tapping at my chamber door - “有人来了,”我轻声嘟喃,“正在叩击我的房门——Only this, and nothing more.' 唯此而已,别无他般。
”Ah, distinctly I remember it was in the bleak December, 哦,我清楚地记得那是在萧瑟的十二月;And each separate dying ember wrought its ghost upon the floor. 每一团奄奄一息的余烬都形成阴影伏在地板。
Eagerly I wished the morrow; - vainly I had sought to borrow 我当时真盼望翌日;——因为我已经枉费心机From my books surcease of sorrow - sorrow for the lost Lenore -想用书来消除悲哀——消除因失去丽诺尔的悲叹——For the rare and radiant maiden whom the angels named Lenore -因那被天使叫作丽诺尔的少女,她美丽娇艳——Nameless here for evermore. 在这儿却默默无闻,直至永远。
And the silken sad uncertain rustling of each purple curtain 那柔软、暗淡、飒飒飘动的每一块紫色窗布Thrilled me - filled me with fantastic terrors never felt before; 使我心中充满前所未有的恐怖——我毛骨惊然;So that now, to still the beating of my heart, I stood repeating 为平息我心儿停跳.我站起身反复叨念`'Tis some visitor entreating entrance at my chamber door - “这是有人想进屋,在叩我的房门——。
Some late visitor entreating entrance at my chamber door; - 更深夜半有人想进屋,在叩我的房门;——This it is, and nothing more,' 唯此而已,别无他般。
”Presently my soul grew stronger; hesitating then no longer, 很快我的心变得坚强;不再犹疑,不再彷徨,刚才我`Sir,' said I, `or Madam, truly your forgiveness I implore; “先生,”我说,“或夫人,我求你多多包涵;But the fact is I was napping, and so gently you came rapping, 正睡意昏昏,而你来敲门又那么轻,And so faintly you came tapping, tapping at my chamber door, 你来敲门又那么轻,轻轻叩击我的房门,That I scarce was sure I heard you' - here I opened wide the door; - 我差点以为没听见你”——说着我拉开门扇;——Darkness there, and nothing more. 唯有黑夜,别无他般。
Deep into that darkness peering, long I stood there wondering, fearing, 凝视着夜色幽幽,我站在门边惊惧良久,Doubting, dreaming dreams no mortal ever dared to dream before 疑惑中似乎梦见从前没人敢梦见的梦幻;But the silence was unbroken, and the darkness gave no token, 可那未被打破的寂静,没显示任何迹象。
And the only word there spoken was the whispered word, `Lenore!' “丽诺尔?”便是我嗫嚅念叨的唯一字眼,This I whispered, and an echo murmured back the word, `Lenore!' 我念叨“丽诺尔!”,回声把这名字轻轻送还,Merely this and nothing more. 唯此而已,别无他般。
Back into the chamber turning, all my soul within me burning, 我转身回到房中,我的整个心烧灼般疼痛,让Soon again I heard a tapping somewhat louder than before. 很快我又听到叩击声,比刚才听起来明显。
`Surely,' said I, `surely that is something at my window lattice; “肯定,”我说,“肯定有什么在我的窗棂;Let me see then, what thereat is, and this mystery explore - 我瞧瞧是什么在那里,去把那秘密发现——Let my heart be still a moment and this mystery explore; - 让我的心先镇静一会儿,去把那秘密发现;——'Tis the wind and nothing more!' 那不过是风,别无他般!”Open here I flung the shutter, when, with many a flirt and flutter, 我猛然推开窗户,。
心儿扑扑直跳就像打鼓,In there stepped a stately raven of the saintly days of yore. 一只神圣往昔的健壮乌鸦慢慢走进我房间;Not the least obeisance made he; not a minute stopped or stayed he; 没向我致意问候;也没有片刻的停留;But, with mien of lord or lady, perched above my chamber door - 而以绅士淑女的风度,栖在我房门的上面——Perched upon a bust of Pallas just above my chamber door - 栖在我房门上方一尊帕拉斯半身雕像上面——Perched, and sat, and nothing more. 它既栖坐在那儿,仅如此这般。
Then this ebony bird beguiling my sad fancy into smiling, 于是这只黑鸟把我悲伤的幻觉哄骗成微笑,By the grave and stern decorum of the countenance it wore, 以它那老成持重一本正经温文尔雅的容颜,`Though thy crest be shorn and shaven, thou,' I said, `art sure no craven. “虽然冠毛被剪除,”我说,“但你肯定不是懦夫,Ghastly grim and ancient raven wandering from the nightly shore - 你这幽灵般可怕的古鸦,漂泊来自夜的彼岸——Tell me what thy lordly name is on the Night's Plutonian shore! '请告诉我你尊姓大名,在黑沉沉的冥府阴间!”Quoth the raven, `Nevermore.' 乌鸦答日“永不复述。
”Much I marvelled this ungainly fowl to hear discourse so plainly, 听见如此直率的回答,我惊叹这丑陋的乌鸦,Though its answer little meaning - little relevancy bore; 虽说它的回答不着边际——与提问几乎无关;For we cannot help agreeing that no living human being 因为我们不得不承认,从来没有活着的世人Ever yet was blessed with seeing bird above his chamber door - 曾如此有幸地看见一只鸟栖在他房门的面——Bird or beast above the sculptured bust above his chamber door, 鸟或兽栖在他房间门上方的半身雕像上面,With such name as `Nevermore.' 有这种名字“水不复还。
”But the raven, sitting lonely on the placid bust, spoke only, 但那只独栖于肃穆的半身雕像上的乌鸦只说了That one word, as if his soul in that one word he did outpour. 这一句话,仿佛它倾泻灵魂就用那一个字眼。
Nothing further then he uttered - not a feather then he fluttered -然后它便一声不吭——也不把它的羽毛拍动——Till I scarcely more than muttered `Other friends have flown before -直到我几乎是哺哺自语“其他朋友早已消散——On the morrow he will leave me, as my hopes have flown before.'明晨它也将离我而去——如同我的希望已消散。