高中非谓语动词用法总结表格版.doc

非谓语动词非谓相对谓语动词的时间意义例句语动词说明行为在谓语动词所表示的行为之后，多数I want to go home.一般是那些表愿望的词： want; hope; expect; wishI hope to see you. 等。

式不I saw him come in.定式说明行为与谓语动词表示的行为同时发生，多数是那些省略不定式符号的词，一般是复合宾He helped him (to) carry things.语。

表示动作与谓语动词表示的动作同时发出。

We enjoyed seeing the film.I am thinking of taking over the job.在动词 insist on; rely on; count on(相信) He insisted on doing that work一般等后表示动作在谓语动词表示的动作之后发式动生。

名词在有些明确表示时间先后的动词和介词on;I remember seeing him before. upon after代替完成动名词表示的动作在谓语动词表示的动作先发生。

说明分词表示的动作和句中谓语持续性动词表示的动作同时发生。

现动词在一般分说明分词表示的动作发生之后，式分词终止性句中谓语动词表示的动作立刻发词动词生。

过持续性通常说明分词表示的动作，此句动词中谓语动词表示的动作先发生。

去On arriving Beijing, he went to see hisfriend.He stood there speaking.Holding a book under his arm, he entered the room.Entering the room, I found nobody in.Turning to the right, you will find the post office.Written in simple English, the book is easy to read.分I can't find my lost pen.词说明分词表示的动作和句中谓语He is a person well-known in this country.动词表示的动作并无先后。

代替完成式现在分词的被动语Educated by the party, he became a brave态。

fighter.说明行为动词在谓语动词表示的行为动词之前I'm sorry to have troubled you.发生。

He is said to have come here.He is thought to have done it.完成He is believed to have done it.式不定式He seemed to have known it.在 wish, hope, expect, intend, mean, We wished to have done this.suppose 等动词过去时后，说明行为动词没有I expected to have left by then.实现。

(=I had expected to heave by then.) 说明动名词表示的动作，此句中动词表示的动We regret having told you the news.完成作先发生。

After having finished his work, he went式动home.名词He denied having broke the glasses.说明分词表示的动作，此句中谓语动词表示的Having finished his work, he went home.完成动作先发生。

多数表示一些瞬时间动词。

如果Sitting down with him, we begun to discuss式分是 hear; see 或表示位置转移的动词 arrive;it.词leave; turn; open.不用完成时Hearing this, he rose and went to the door.二．非谓语动词的被动语态1.非谓语动词被动语态的意义非谓语意义和用法例句动词表示被动的意义The meeting is to be held next week.He wanted to be sent to the hard area.有时主动形式表示被动的意义，同被动没什么区The box is not strong enough to stand别，具有“应该”．“值的”的意思。

不定式是主 this.语的承受者，但有时作某些形容词的宾语，nice, easy, hard, difficult, fit, suitable,good, heavy, comfortable, cheap等。

不定式表示被动的意义如：It's too small to see.There is a lot of work to doThe house is to let at low rent.I am not to blame.Houses are still to seek.Much remains to do.The text is hard to learn.He insisted on being sent to thehard area.动名词在动词 need, require 等的主动语态和形容词My watch needs repairing.worth 后,表示被动的意义The book is worth reading.现在分词表示被动的意义The building being built is a school.分词Not having been told, he didn't knowwhere to start.过去分词表示被动的意义Heated, the metal expands.2.一般现在分词，完成的现在分词和过去分词表示被动意义的区别非谓语动例句意义和用法词一般式现含有具体的意义，说明和句中谓语动词表 The person being criticized is our 在分词示的动作同时发生，一般是持续性动词monitor.完成式分表示动作状态比句中谓语动作先发生，一 Not having been told about it, I词般是瞬间动词don't know how to do it.具有一船的意义，强调事实，说明比句中Given more time, (=Having been 过去分词谓语动词表示的动作先发生，有时同完成 given) I can do it much better.式的被动词态可互换。

三．非谓语动词的句法作用1.非谓语动词的句法作用一览表非谓语动词不定式动名词分词句子成分主语√√直接宾语√√短语动词宾语√√宾语宾语补语√√√介词宾语√形容词宾语√√表语√√√定语√√√状语√√同谓语√√插入语√√2.非谓语动词作主语非谓语动意义和用法例句词动词不定式表示比较具体的意义， To master a foreign language is no easy job.经常和特定的动作和执行者联系To do it well is my earnest desire起来，经常带时间或地点状语，有时表示将要发生的动作。

To see this film is to waste time.To solve this problem is out of the question动 1) 形容词作表语（常见的形容词有：important, 词不定式（短语）作主语时，常见 difficult, easy hard possible ）不定式的另一种形式是在句首用先行代It is foolish to act in this way.词 it作形式主语，而将动词不定式（短语）移到谓语之后作真正主It sounds reasonable to do it this way.语。

用于这种形式是一些特定形容It appears likely for them to arrive.词，动词和名词2)动词作谓语（常见的动词有： require, cost, amuse,delight, irritate, annoyIt took much time to do this.It makes us excited to think about that.It needed hard work to finish the job.It does no good to say like that.It didn't occur to me to ask him to help me.3) 名词作表语It seems a pity to waste them.It is a great pleasure to do thisIt is a good idea to think this way.动名词表求比较抽象（一般）和 Collecting stamps is a good hobby.经常性的意义，有时可同不定式互换Swimming is a best sport in summer.There is no telling what will happen.There is no denying the fact.There is no need informing him of it.动名词动名词短语作主语时，常见的另一 1) 形容词作表语 ( 常见的形容词有： enjoyable, good, 种形式是在句首用先行代词it 作 hard, worthwhile)形式主语面将动名词短语移至谓语之后作真实主语。

用于这种形式是一些特定形容词和名词It is nice talking to you.It's foolish behaving like that. It is useless doing that2)名词作表语It's waste of time doing this.It's no good (use)doing that.It's an awful job doing this.It's fun doing thisIt is not an easy task doing this work.3.非谓语动词作宾语成非谓语动词意义和用法例句分不定式的逻辑主语一I want to read a novel.般同谓语动词的主语用于该形式的常见的动词有： afford, agree, aim,一致直接不定式宾语apply, arrange, ask, choose, claim, decide,decline, demand, desire, determine, expect,hope, learn, manage, offer, pretend, promise, refuse, seek, swear, threaten, wish.有时宾语省略不定式符号 ( 常见的有： let fall, let pass, let go, let slip, 'd better, 'd rather, 'dsoon,He made believe he was correct.动词不定式（短语）作 He found it necessary to work hard at English.宾语时，如其后有补足用于该形式的常见的动词有：acknowledge,语，则可以用先行语believe, consider, count, declare, deem, deny,it作形式宾语，而将esteem, fancy, feel, find, guess, imagine,动词不定式（短语）后judge, know, make, prove, realize, report,see,移作直接宾语show, suppose, suspect, take(think),understand, think.动名词的逻辑主语有Do you mind my smoking时同谓语动词的主语不一致动名词（短语）作宾语 We found it troublesome solving this problem.时，如其后有补足语则Weconsider it worthwhile spending some time on 可以用先行词 it作形this.式宾语，而将动名词短语后移作直接宾语有一类动词后面必须We enjoyed staying there.跟动名词常见的动词有： admit, abhor, acknowledge, advise, 动名词advocate, avoid, confess, consider, contemplate,defer, delay, deny, discontinue, excuse, evade,fancy, finish, imagine, include, involve, justify,keep(on), mind, necessitate, pardon, postpone,practise, renounce, resent, facilitate, favor, miss,resist.有一类动词后面可跟1) 意义区别不大。