综合英语2 修辞

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大学高级英语（2）修辞格汇总期末参考

大学高级英语（2）修辞格汇总期末参考simile1.It is as though he suddenly came out of a dark tunnel and found himself beneath the open sky2.They are like the musketeers of Dumas…3.The Elizabethans blew on it as on a dandelion clock, and floated to the ends of the earth.metaphor1... and it is not easy for him to step out of that lukewarm bath2.It is not until he is released from the habit of flexing his muscles and proving that he is just a “regular guy” that he realizes how crippling this habit has been3.The glow of the conversation burst into flames.4.The conversation was on wings.5.The glow of the conversation burst into flames.6.I have an unending love affair with dictionaries7.we ought to think ourselves back into the shoes of the Saxon peasant.8.We can batten down and ride it out9.Wind and rain now whipped the house.mixed metaphor1.and no one has any idea where it will go as it meanders or leaps and sparkles or just glows.metonymy – change of name – the association of two unlike things[mi't?nimi] 转喻，借代He met his W aterloo. He likes to read Hemingway.1.In short, all of these publications are written in the language that the Third International describessynecdoche – whole for part or part for whole[si'nekd?ki] 提喻He has many mouth to feed in his family. China beat South Korea 3 to 1. The vineyard are intersected by channels, red and yellow sails glide slowly through the vines. Nowadays more and more people have a liking for cotton.1.But neither his vanity nor his purse is any concern of the dictionary' s2.yet both racing to alter that uncertain balance of terror that stays the hand of mankind's final war.alliteration1.… a concept of how things get writ ten that throws very little light on Lincoln but a great deal on Life2.ask of us here th e same high standards of strength and sacrifice…3.One form of colonial control shall not have passed away.4.We shall always hope to find them strongly supporting their own freedom.5.We pledge the loyalty of faithful friends.6.We shall pay any price, bear any burden7.To assure the survival and the success of libertyassonance (元韵、母韵、半谐音) and antithesis… between the much-touted Second International (1934) and the much-clouted Third International (1961)antithesis – contrary in meaning but similar in form 对比1.If a free society cannot help the many who are poor, it cannot save the few who are rich2.Let both sides explore what problems unite us instead of belaboring those problems which divide us.3.Let us never negotiate out of fear, but let us never fear tonegotiate.4.And so, my fellow Americans ask not what your country can do for you; ask what you can do for your country.parallelism –ideas are paired and sequenced in the same grammatical form1.Both sides overburdened by the cost of modern weapons, both rightly alarmed by the steady spread of the deadly atom2.Together let us explore the stars, conquer the deserts, eradicate disease, tap the ocean depths and encourage the arts and commerce.3.We renew our pledge of support to prevent it from becoming merely a forum for invective, to strengthen its shield of the new and the weak, and to enlarge the area in which its writ may run.4.We shall pay any price, bear any burden, meet any hardship, support any friend, and oppose any foe to assure the survival and the success of liberty.5.A new generation of Americans, born in this century, tempered by war, disciplined by a hard and bitter peace.repetition –repetition of sounds, words, or sentences that can create good rhythm and parallelism to make the language musical, emphatic, and memorable. 反复1.We dare not tempt them with weakness. For only when our arms are sufficient beyond doubt can we be certain beyond doubt that they will never be employed.2.Bring the absolute power to destroy other nations under the absolute control of all nations.personification1.A moment later, the hurricane, in one mighty swipe, lifted the entire roof off the house and skimmed it 40 feet through theair.2.… it seized a 600, 000-gallon Gulfport oil tank and dumped it3.5 miles away.3.They flared their nostrils and pranced and boasted to one anothertransferred epithet 移就He had some cheerful wine at the party. He ate with a wolfish appetite. a helpless smile a protesting chair a blind haste1.Apartments there held a hurricane party to watch the storm from their spectacular vantage point.2.and his choice of a vocation does not cause him any uneasy wonder as to whether or not it will cost him all his friends.3.A bound-less and generous contentment, a magnanimous triumph felt not against some outer enemy but in communion with the finest and fairest in the souls of all men everywhere and the splendor of the world's summer4.The faces of small children are amiably sticky; in the benign grey beard of a man a couple of crumbs of rich pastry are entangled.5.The others never come close, but peer in at it with frightened, disgusted eyes.synesthesia [.sin?s'θi:?i?] 通感the music breathing from her face heavy perfume and noisy color 浓郁的香气和刺眼的色彩He gave me a sour look.1.Children dodged in and out, their high calls rising like the swallows’ crossing flights over the music and the singing.2.One could hear the music winding through the city streets, … bells.exaggeration/ hyperbole [hai'p?:b?li] 夸张1.Perhaps it is because of my up-bringing in English pubs2.In the long history of the world, only a few generations have been granted the role of defending freedom in its hour of maximum danger.。

高级英语2修辞总结

高级英语2修辞总结Lesson 1: XXXPub Talk has a Charm of its OwnGrowing up in English pubs。

I have come to XXX。

It maybe due to my upbringing that I find it XXX meanders。

leaps。

sparkles。

and glows。

No one knows where it will go。

Suddenly。

XXX。

and the XXX.XXXXXX。

we often make ns to history。

We reference the musketeers of Dumas。

the descendants of convicts。

Saxon churls。

and XXX.XXXXXX for effect。

For example。

getting out of bed on the wrong side is not a XXX。

we may say it to add humor or emphasize a point.XXXXXX。

They help us express complex ideas in a simple way。

For instance。

we ought to think ourselves back into the shoes ofthe XXX and way of life。

Another example is the XXX ideas spread like seeds。

XXX.Avoiding Slip-XXXWhile pub talk has its charm。

it is XXX in our language。

Itis essential to XXX.5.The n een ns can e n and mistrust。

张汉熙高级英语2修辞讲解

3.So much of well-to-do America now lives antiseptically in enclaves, tranquil and luxurious, that shut out the world.
Metonymy (转喻；借代) Definition: A figure of speech that consists in using the name of one thing for that of something else with which it is associated; or, a figure of speech which consists in substituting for the name of a thing the name of an attribute of it or of something closely related.
2.The glow of the conversation burst into flames.
3.And if a beachhead of cooperation may push back the jungle of suspicion...
Personification : The personification or embodiment of some quality or abstraction; the attribution of human qualities to inanimate objects. (DLT)
明抑暗扬的Understatement (低调陈述) Definition: a figure of speech which contains an understatement of emphasis, and therefore the opposite of hyperbole. Often used in everyday speech and usually with laconic or ironic intentions. Understatement: a statement that is not strong enough to express facts or feelings with full force.

考研英语2真题和答案解析

考研英语2真题和答案解析考研英语2是考研英语科目中的一部分，是综合英语和阅读理解的综合考察。

通过分析，可以更好地了解考试内容和要求，为备考做好充分准备。

一、考研英语2内容概述考研英语2主要涉及综合英语和阅读理解两个部分。

其中，综合英语包括完形填空和语法填空两个题型；阅读理解包括短文理解和长篇阅读两个题型。

这些题型旨在考察考生的英语综合能力，包括对语言的理解和运用，对逻辑和语境的理解能力等。

二、综合英语题目解析1. 完形填空完型填空是考察考生对语言和语境理解能力的重要题型。

解题时，首先需要通读全文，了解文章大意和上下文的逻辑关系。

然后，根据选项和上下文的匹配程度，选择最合适的答案填入空格中。

在解答过程中，需要注意选项的词性和词义，避免与文章不符。

此外，注意修辞手法和句型结构也是解题的重点。

2. 语法填空语法填空是对语法规则和句法结构的考察。

解答时，首先要分析句子的结构和意义，确定空格所在的位置。

然后，根据上下文和语法规则，选择恰当的词性和形式填入空格中。

需要注意的是，动词的时态和语态，名词的数和格，形容词和副词的级等都是解题的关键。

三、阅读理解题目解析1. 短文理解短文理解是对短篇文章整体内容和细节的考察。

解题时，首先要通读文章，了解文章的主题和基本结构。

然后，根据问题和选项，结合文章中的关键词和句子，选择最合适的答案。

需要注意的是，答案往往需要从文章中推断或推断，而非字面意思。

因此，考生应注重抓住文章中的关键信息和推理线索。

2. 长篇阅读长篇阅读是对较长篇章的整体理解和分析。

解题时，首先要预览全文，获取文章的主题和结构。

然后，根据问题和选项，定位到相关的段落和句子，仔细阅读和理解。

需要注意的是，长篇阅读往往涉及较复杂的逻辑和推理，考生应注重抓住文章的核心观点和结构。

四、备考建议为了更好地完成考研英语2的考试，考生应根据自身的实际情况，合理安排备考时间和复习计划。

首先，要做好基础知识的复习和强化。

高级英语2修辞手法汇总

Rhetorical Devicessimile 明喻metaphor 暗喻hyperbole 夸张metonymy 转喻synecdoche 借喻mixed metaphor 混合暗喻personification 拟人antithesis 对仗parallelism 排比transferred epithet 转移修饰alliteration 押头韵onomatopoeia 拟声词1.The charm of conversation is that it does not really start from anywhere,and no one has any idea where it will go as it meanders or leaps and sparkles or just glows. (mixed metaphor)2.Perhaps it is because of my upbringing in English pubs that I think barconversation has a charm of its own. (hyperbole)3.The fact that their marriages may be on the rocks, or that their love affairshave broken or even that they got out of bed on the wrong side is simply not a concern. (metaphor)4.They are like the musketeers of Dumas who, although they lived side byside with each other, did not delve into each other's lives.(simile & metaphor)5.The glow of the conversation burst into flames. (metaphor)6.The conversation was on wings. (metaphor)7.Is the phrase in Shakespeare? (synecdoche)8.…that suddenly the alchemy of conversation took place, and all at oncethere was a focus.（metaphor）9.The Elizabethans blew on it as on a dandelion clock.（simile）10.The King's English slips and slides in conversation.（alliteration）11.the sinister corridor of our age（metaphor）我们的时代罪恶的走廊12.Other people may celebrate the lofty conversations in which the greatminds are supposed to have indulged in the great salons of 18th century.（synecdoche）13. I have an unending love affair with dictionaries.（metaphor）14. Otherwise one will bind the conversation. （metaphor）15. We would never have gone to Australia, or leaped back in time to theNorman Conquest. （metaphor）16.The burying-ground is merely a huge waste of hummocky earth, like aderelict building-lot.（simile）17.…and fling over it a little of the dried-up, lumpy earth, which is like brokenbrick.（simile）18. Are they really the same flesh as your self ?（synecdoche）19.They sweat and starve for a few years.（alliteration）20.…and sore-eyed children cluster everywhere in unbelievable numbers, likeclouds of flies. （simile）21. …turning chair-legs at lightning speed. (hyperbole)22.There was a frenzied rush of Jews.（transferred epithet）23.…are working in dark fly-infested booths that look like caves. （simile）24.A white skin is always fairly conspicuous.（synecdoche）25.The soil is exactly like broken-up brick .（simile）26.…winding up the road with a clumping of boots and a clatter of ironwheels.（onomatopoeia）27.Their feet squashed into boots that looked like blocks of wood.（simile）28.And really it was like watching a flock of cattle to see the long column.（simile）29.…while the great white birds drifted ov er them in the opposite direction，glittering like scraps of paper.（simile）30.friend and foe（alliteration）31.（metonymy）32.We shall pay any price, bear any burden…（alliteration）33.United，there is little we cannot do in a host of co-operative ventures.Divided，there is little we can do，for we dare not meet a powerful challenge at odds and split asunder.（antithesis）只要我们团结一致，我们将无所不能，完成众多的合作事业；一旦我们分歧对立，我们将一事无成，因为我们不敢遇见一个与我们意见相左的强大挑战，最后导致四分五裂。

高级英语2修辞总结归纳

高级英语2修辞总结归纳Lessonl1 We can batten down and ride it out.--metaphor2 Everybody out the back door to the cars!--elliptical sentence3 Telephone poles and 20-inch-thick pines cracked like guns as the winds snapped them.-simile4 Several vacationers at the luxurious Richelie u Apartments there held a hurricaneparty to watch the storm from their spectacular vantage point--transferred epithet5 Strips of clothing festooned the standing trees, and blown down power lines coiledlike black spaghetti over the roads-metaphor, simileLesson21 The little crowd of mourners —all men and boys, no women——threaded their wayacross the market place between the piles of pomegranates and the taxis and the camels,wailing a short chant over and over again.——elliptical sentence2 A carpenter sitscross-legged at a prehistoric lathe, turning chair-legs at lightning speed.—— historical present , transferred epithet3 Still,a white skin is always fairly conspicuous.——syncdoche4 As the storks flew northward the Negroes were marching southward——a long, dusty column, infantry, screw-gun batteries, adnthen more infantry, four or five thousandmen in all, winding up the road with a clumping of boots and a clatter of iron wheels.——onomatopoetic words symbolism5 Not hostile, not contemptuous, not sullen, not even inquisitive.——ellipticalsentence6 And really it was like watching a flock of cattle to see the long column,a mile ortwo miles of armed men, flowing peacefully up the road, while the great white birdsdrifted over them in the opposite direction, glittering like scraps of paper.——simileLesson31 The fact that their marriages may be on the rocks, or that their love affairs havebeen broken or even that they got out of bed on the wrong side is simply not a concern.——metaphor2 They are like the musketeers of Dumas who, although they lived side by side witheach other, did not delve into, each other's lives or the recesses of their thoughtsand feelings.——simile3 It was on such an occasion te other evening, as the conversation moved desultorilyhere and there, from the most commonplace to thoughts of Jupiter, without and focusand with no need for one that suddenly the alchemy of conversation took place, andall at once the r was a focus.—— metaphor4 The Elizabethans blew on it as on a dandelion clock, and its seeds multiplied, andfloated to the ends of the earth.—simile5 Even with the most educated and the most literate, the King's English slips andslides in conversation.——metaphor, alliteration6 When E. M. Fo rster writes of“the sinister corridor of our age,”we sit up at the vividness of the phrase, the force and even terror in the image.——metaphorLesson41 Let the word go forth from this time and place, to friend and foe alike, that thetorch has been passed to a new generation of Americans, born in this century, temperedby war, disciplined by ahard and bitter peace, proud of our ancient heritage, and unwilling to witness or permit the slow undoing of these human rights to which this nation has always been committed, and to which we are committed today at home and around the world.——alliteration2 Let every nation know, whether it wishes us well or ill, that we shall pay any price, bear any burden, meet any hardship, suppor any friend, oppose any foe to assure the survival and the success of liberty.——parataxis consonance5 Let us never negotiate out of fear, but let us never fear to negotiate.——regression6 All this will not be finished in the first one hundred days.——historical allusion, climax7 And so, my fellow Americans ask not what your country can do for you;ask what you can do for your country.———contrast,windingLesson71 Here was the very heart of industrial America, the center of its most lucrative and characteristic activity, the boast and pride of the richest and grandest nation ever seen on earth —— and here was a scene so dreadfully hideous, so intolerably bleak and forlorn that it reduced the whole aspiration of man to a mac abre and depressing joke.——metaphor,hyperbole,antithetical contrast2 Here was wealth beyond computation, almost beyond imagination ——and here were human habitations so abominable that they would have disgraced a race of alley cats.—— hyperbole, antithetical contrast3 The country itself is not uncomely, despite the grime of the endless mills.—— litotes,understatement4 Obviously, if the r were architects of any professional sense or dignity in the region, they would have perfected a chalet to hug the hillsides ——a chalet with a highpitched roof, to throw off the heavy winter snows, but still essentially a low and clinging building, wider than it was tall.—— sarcasm5 And one and all they are streaked in grime, with dead and eczematous patches of paint peeping through the streaks.——metaphor6 When it has taken on the patina of the mills it is the color of an egg long pastall hope or caring.——ridicule , irony, metaphor7 I award this championship only after laborious research and incessant prayer.——irony10 They like it as it is:beside it, the Parthenon would no doubt offend them.——irony 11 It is that of a Presbyterian grinning.——metaphor 3 United, there is little we cannot do in a host of co-operative ventures. Divided, there is little we can do, for we dare not meet a power ful challenge at odds and split asunder.——antithesis 4 …in the past, those who foolishly sought power by riding the back of the tiger ended up inside.——metaphor8 Safe in a Pullman, Ihave whirled through the gloomy, God-forsaken villages of Iowa and Lansas, and the malarious tidewater hamlets of Georgia.——antonomasia9 It is as if some titanic and aberrant genius, uncompromisingly inimical to man, haddevoted all the ingenuity of Hell to the making of them.——hyperbole, ironyLesson 91. Their high calls rising like the swallows' crossing flights over the music and the singing (Para1). Simile2. The faces of small children are amiable sticky; in the benign grey beard of a man a coupltof crumbs of rich pastry are entangled. Para 4. Transferred epithet.3. The crowds along the racecourse are like a field of grass and flowers in the wind. Para 6.Simile4. In the streets between houses with red roofs and painted walls, between old mossgrowngardens and under avenues of trees, past great parks and public buildings, processions.——periodic sentence5. The air of morning was so clear that the snow stil crowning the Eighteen Peaks burned withwhite-gold fire across the miles of sunlit air, under the dark blue of the sky.——metaphor6. In the silence of the broad green meadows one could hear the music wind ing through thecity streets, farther and nearer and ever approaching,a cheerful faint sweetness of the airthat from time to time trembled and gathered together and broke out into the great joyousclanging of the bells.—— periodic sentence7. Some of them understand why, and some do not, but they all understand that their happiness,the beauty of their city, the tenderness of their friendships, the health of their children,the wisdom of their scholars, the skill of their makers, even the abundance of their harvestand the kindly weathers of their skies, depend wholly on this child’ s abominable misery.—parallelism/parallel structure8. Indeed, after so long it would probably be wretched without walls about it to protect it ,and darkness for its eyes, and its own excrement to sit in.——parallelism/parallel structure。

综合英语2 修辞

Unit 4Down slides the submarinelike a shark diving. From the diving submarine, you change to a tiny jet boat and ride along close to the bottom of the ocean, almost you would skim over the land in an airplane.
Then I surfaced with what looked like road kill stuck to my head.
6.拟声（onomatcpocia）是摹仿自然界中非语言的声音，其发音和所描写的事物的声音很相似，使语言显得生动，富有表现力。
Book
Unit 8
In the same instant I heard the dreaded bang bang of a blowout I fought the car to stop on the rain-slick shoulder
Take risks to make mistakes.
13.压尾韵（hometeleuton)
Book
Unit
Ⅲ
11
It will confound your enemies and astound your friends.
10.借、转喻（Metonymy）
Unit 1
This was the time Tim my usually woke for a bottle, but there were no cries of hunger, no fretful wails.
11.矛盾修辞法(oxymoron)

高英二中的修辞手法

修辞手法(figure of speech)是根据表达需要，运用有效的语言手段来提高语言的表达效果，使语言表达具有准确性、鲜明性和生动性的语言运用方式。

恰当地使用修辞手段，可以使文章更加生动，更具有表现力，蕴意丰富，引人入胜。

常用的修辞手法有：明喻(Simile)、暗喻(Metaphor)、拟人(Personification)、夸张(Exaggeration)、平行法(Parallelism)、头韵(Alliteration)、对比(Contrast)、矛盾修辞法(Oxymoron)、双关(Pun)、移情(Empathy)等。

对于高中生来说，最好能通过例句，结合具体的语境，体会修辞的表达效果。

同时，要求学会欣赏并能模仿造句。

01Simile 明喻明喻（simile）俗称直喻，是依据比喻和被比喻两种不同事物的相似关系而构成的修辞格。

如：★The country, covered with cherry tree flowers, looks as though it is covered with pink snow.开满樱花的乡村，看起来有如粉红雪铺满地。

★The smile on her face shone like a diamond.她的笑容像宝石一样闪闪发光。

★The scenery along the Lijiang River in Guilin is just like a beautiful landscape painting.桂林漓江的沿途风景就像一幅美丽的山水画。

★ His heart is as hard as a stone.他铁石心肠。

★ Her soul is as pure as snow.她的心灵纯洁无比。

认真观察以上各例，我们会发现它们的特点，由(as) ... as, like等引导，这些引导词被称作比喻词（acknowledging word），它们是辨别明喻的最显著的特征，明喻较为直白，比喻物和被比喻物之间相似点较为明显，所以明喻是一种比较好判断的修辞手法。

高级英语2第十课修辞总结

高级英语2第十课修辞总结摘要：一、引言二、高级英语2 第十课修辞学概述1.比喻2.拟人3.夸张4.反问三、修辞手法在实际英语写作中的应用1.比喻1.明喻2.隐喻2.拟人3.夸张4.反问四、修辞手法在提高英语写作效果的作用五、结论正文：【引言】高级英语2 第十课主要介绍了修辞学中的几种重要手法，包括比喻、拟人、夸张和反问。

这些修辞手法在英语写作中有着广泛的应用，能够有效地提高文章的表达效果和吸引力。

【高级英语2 第十课修辞学概述】修辞学是语言学的一个分支，主要研究如何运用各种语言手段来增强语言表达的效果。

在第十课中，我们主要学习了以下四种修辞手法：1.比喻：通过将两种本质上不同的事物进行类比，以形象生动的方式表达抽象的概念。

比喻可以分为明喻和隐喻两种。

2.拟人：将无生命的事物赋予生命和人的特征，使其具有感情、动作等。

3.夸张：对某一事物的特点进行夸大描述，以突出表现其特性。

4.反问：提出一个问题，但实际上并不需要对方回答，其目的是为了加强语气，表达说话者的观点。

【修辞手法在实际英语写作中的应用】在英语写作中，我们可以灵活运用这些修辞手法来提高文章的表达效果。

以下是一些实例：1.比喻：例如，“时间是金钱”，通过将时间和金钱进行类比，形象地表达了时间的宝贵。

2.拟人：例如，“月亮羞涩地躲在云朵后面”，将月亮赋予了人的情感和动作。

3.夸张：例如，“他饿得能吃下一头牛”，夸张地描述了他的饥饿程度。

4.反问：例如，“这难道不是一件很明显的事情吗？”通过反问加强语气，表达说话者的观点。

【修辞手法在提高英语写作效果的作用】修辞手法的运用可以使文章更加生动、有趣，增强读者的阅读兴趣。

同时，修辞手法还能够有效地传达作者的情感和观点，使文章更具说服力。

因此，学习和掌握修辞手法对于提高英语写作水平具有重要意义。

【结论】总之，高级英语2 第十课为我们介绍了四种重要的修辞手法：比喻、拟人、夸张和反问。

在英语写作中，我们可以灵活运用这些修辞手法来提高文章的表达效果和吸引力。

高级英语2 修辞练习及答案

高级英语第2册修辞练习第1课Point the rhetorical devices used in the following sentences1.We can batten down and ride it out。

（Metaphor ）2。

Wind and rain now whipped the house。

（Metaphor ）3。

Stay away from the windows. （Elliptical sentence )4.-—— the rain seemingly driven right through the walls. ( Simile）5.At 8:30, power failed。

（Metaphor ）6。

Everybody out the back door to the cars. （Elliptical sentence ）7.The children went from adult to adult like buckets in a fire brigade. ( Simile ) 8…the electrical systems had been killed by water。

( metaphor ）9.Everybody on the stairs. （elliptical sentence)10。

The wind sounded like the roar of a train passing a few yards away。

( simile ）11。

A moment later, the hurricane，in one mighty swipe，lifted the entire roof off the house and skimmed it 40 feet though the air。

( personification )12…it seized a 600,000-gallon Gulfport oil tank and dumped it 3.5 miles away。

高级英语2修辞总结

Lesson 1 Pub Talk and the King’s English1. Alliterationthe King’s English slips and slides (Para. 18)2. Allusions 暗指，引喻--musketeers of Dumas (Para. 3)--descendants of convicts (Para. 7)--Saxon churls (Para. 8)--Norman conquerors (Para. 8)3. ExaggerationPerhaps it is because of my upbringing in English pubs that I think bar conversation has a charm of its own. (Para. 3)4. Metaphor1. No one has any idea where it will go as it meanders or leaps and sparkles or just glows. (Para. 2)2. They got out of bed on the wrong side is simply not a concern. (Para. 3)3. Suddenly the alchemy of conversation took place (Para. 4)4. The glow of the conversation burst into flames. (Para. 6)5. The conversation was on wings. (Para. 8)6. We ought to think ourselves back into the shoes of the Saxon peasant. (Para. 11)7. The Elizabethans blew on it as on a dandelion clock, and its seeds multiplied, and floated to the ends of the earth. (Para. 14)8. I have an unending love affair with dictionaries. (Para. 17)9. Even with the most educated and the most literate, the King’s English slips and slides in conversation. (Para. 18)10. “the sinister corridor of our age…” (Para. 18)11. Otherwise one will bind the conversation, one will not let it flow freely here and there. (Para.20)12. We would never have gone to Australia, or leaped back in time to the Norman Conquest. (Para. 20)5. Simile1. They are like the musketeers of Dumas who, although they lived side by side with each other, did not delve into each other’s… (Para. 3)2. The Elizabethans blew on it as on a dandelion clock,…(Para. 14)Lesson 2 MarrakechSimile1. The burying-ground is merely a huge waste of hummocky earth, like a derelict building-lot. (Para. 2)2. ,…sore-eyed children cluster everywhere in unbelievable numbers, like clouds of flies. (Para. 8)3. …where the soil is exactly like broken-up brick. (Para. 18)4. Long lines of women, bent double like inverted capital Ls (Para. 18)5. …their feet squashed into boots that looked like blocks of wood… (Para. 23)6. ,…glittering like scraps of paper. (Para. 26)Metaphor1. They rise out of the earth, …(Para. 3)2. Down the center of the street there is generally running a little river of urine. (Para. 8) Alliterationsweat and starve (Para. 3)Transferred Epithet--there was a frenzied rush of Jews (Para. 10)Onomatopoeia, winding up the road with a clumping of boots and a clatter of iron wheels (Para. 22) Synecdoche1. a white skin is always fairly conspicuous (Para. 16)2. , actually has feelings of reverence before a white skin. (Para. 24)Rhetorical Question1. Are they really the same flesh as your self Do they even have names Or are they merely a kind of differentiated brown stuff, about as individual as bees or coral insects (Para. 3)2. How much longer can we go one kidding these people How long before they turn their guns in the other direction (Para. 25)UnderstatementI am not commenting, merely pointing to a fact. (Para. 21)Lesson 3 Inaugural Address (January 20, 1961)Parallelism…, symbolizing an end as well as a beginning, signifying renewal as well as change. (Para. 1) Paras. 6, 7, 8, 10, 11Alliteration1. …friend and foe alike… (Para. 3)2. to assure the survival and the success of liberty. (Para. 4)3. steady spread (Para. 13)4. …bear the burden… (Para. 22)5. …strength and sacrifice…Metaphor1.…those who foolishly sought power by riding the back of the tiger ended up inside. (Para. 7)2. But this peaceful revolution of hope cannot become the prey of hostile powers. (Para. 9)3. this hemisphere intends to remain the master of its own house. (Para. 9)4. to strengthen its shield of the new and the weak… (Para. 10)5. And if a beachhead of cooperation may push back the jungle of suspicion… (Para. 19)6. The energy, the faith, the devotion which we bring to this endeavor will light our country and all who serve it, and the glow from that fire can truly light the world. (Para. 24)Consonance…, whether it wishes us well or ill,… (Para. 4)Synecdoche…both rightly alarmed by the steady spread of the deadly atom….(Para. 13)Antithesis1. United, there is little we cannot do in a host of cooperative ventures. Divided, there is little we can do, for we dare not meet a powerful challenge at odds and split asunder. (Para. 6)2. If a free society cannot help the many who are poor, it cannot save the few who are rich. (Para. 8)3. And so, my fellow Americans, ask not what your country can do for you; ask what you can do for your country. (Para. 25)Repetitionall forms of (Para. 2)the belief (Para. 2)Regression1. Let us never negotiate out of fear, but let us never fear to negotiate. (Para. 14)2. And so, my fellow Americans, ask not what your country can do for you; ask what you can do for your country. (Para. 25)Allusionone hundred days (Para. 20)ClimaxAll this will not be finished in the first one hundred days. Nor will it be finished in the first one thousand days, nor in the life of this Administration, nor even perhaps in our lifetime on this planet. (Para. 20)Hyperbolehour of maximum danger (Para. 24)Lesson 4 Love is a FallacyMetaphor1. Charles Lamb, unfettered the informal essay with.... “Dream’s Children”. (Author’s Note)2. There follows an informal essay....frontier. (Author’s Note)3. Logic, far from being a dry, pedantic discipline, is a living, breathing thing, full of beauty, passion, and trauma. (Author’s Note)4. My brain, that precision instrument, slipped into high gear. (Para. 17)5. In other words, if you were out of the picture, the field would be open. (Para. 31)6. I fought off a wave of despair. (Para. 76)7. Maybe somewhere in the extinct crater of her mind, a few embers still smoldered. Maybe somehow I could fan them into flame. (Para. 95)8. The next fallacy is called Poisoning the Well. (Para. 112)9.”The first man has poisoned the well before anybody could drink from it. He has hamstrung his opponent before he could even start.” (Para. 116)10. The rat! (Para. 148)Simile1. My brain was as powerful as a dynamo, as precise as a chemist’s scale, as penetrating as a scalpel. (Para. 1)2. Same age, same background, but dumb as an ox. (Para. 2)3. First he looked at the coat with the expression of a waif at a bakery window. (Para. 47)4. He looked like a mound of dead raccoons. (Para. 54)5. ...the raccoon coat huddled like a great hairy beast at his feet. (Para. 94)6. It was like digging a tunnel. (Para. 120)7. I leaped to my feet, bellowing like a bull. (Para. 144)Antithesis1. “It is, after all, easier to make a beautiful dumb girl smart than to make an ugly smart girl beautiful.” (Para. 24)2. “Back and forth his head swiveled，desire waxing, resolution waning.” (Para. 47)3. If there is an irresistible force, there can be no immovable object. If there is an immovable object, there can be no irresistible force. (Para. 91)4. “Look at me--a brilliant student..ing from.” (Para. 150)Hyperbole1. Logic, far from being a dry, pedantic discipline, is a living, breathing thing, full of beauty, passion, and trauma. (Author’s Note)2. My brain was as powerful as a dynamo, as precise as a chemist’s scale, as penetrating as a scalpel. (Para. 1)3. It’s not often that one so young has such a giant intellect. (Para. 2)4. Finally he didn’t turn away at all; he just stood and stared with mad lust at the coat. (Para. 47)5. You are the whole world…of outer space (Para. 132)6. “I will wander the face of the earth, a shambling, hollow-eyed hulk.” (Para. 132)Metonymy1. But I was not one to let my heart rule my head. (Para. 20)2. Otherwise you have committed a Dicto Simpliciter. (Para. 70)3. You are guilty of Post Hoc if you blame Eula Becker. (Para. 79)LitotesThis loomed as a project of no small dimensions. (Para. 58)SynecdocheThere is a limit to what flesh and blood can bear. (Para. 112)AnalogyJust as Pygmalion loved the perfect woman he had fashioned, so I loved mine. (Para. 122) Transferred EpithetI said with a mysterious wink and closed my bag and left. (Para. 37)Rhetorical QuestionCould Carlyle do more Could Ruskin (Authors’ Note)“Really” said Polly, amazed. “Nobody” (Para. 73)Who knew (Para. 95)Lesson 5 The Sad Young MenMetaphor:1. …we had reached an international stature that would forever prevent us from retreating behind the artificial walls of a provincial morality… (Para. 2)2. battle for success (Para. 3)3. And like most escapist sprees, this one lasted until the money ran out, until the crash of the world economic structure at the end of the decade called the party to a halt and forced the revelers to sober up and face the problems of the new age. (Para. 4)4. …once the young men had received a good taste of twentieth-century warfare. (Para. 6)5. …they had outgrown town and families (Para. 6)6. …in sleepy Gopher Prairies all over the country (Para. 6)7. …to add their own little matchsticks to the conflagration of “flaming youth” (Para. 8)8. …now began to imitate the manners of their elders and play with the toys of vulgar rebellion. (Para. 8)9. …was the rallying point of sensitive persons disgusted with America. (Para. 9)10. …but since the country w as blind and deaf to everything save the glint and ring of the dollar,…(Para. 9)Personification:…the country was blind and deaf to everything…dollar…. (Para. 9)Metonymy:1. …our young men began to enlist under foreign flags. (Para. 5)2. Greenwich Village set the pattern. (Para. 7)3. …their minds and pens inflamed against war,…(Para. 7)4. …to add their own little matchsticks to the conflagration of “flaming youth” (Para. 8)5. Before long the movement had become officially recognized by the pulpit…(Pa ra. 8)6. …but since the country was blind and deaf to everything save the glint and ring of the dollar,…(Para. 9)Transferred epithet:The slightest mention of the decade brings nostalgic recollections to the middle-aged and curious questionings by the yo ung…(Para. 11)Simile:The war acted merely as a catalytic agent in this breakdown of the Victorian social structure… (Para. 3)。

高级英语2修辞总结归纳

高级英语2修辞总结归纳Lesson 1 Pub Talk and the King’s English1. Alliterationthe King’s English slips and slides (Para. 18)2. Allusions 暗指，引喻--musketeers of Dumas (Para. 3)--descendants of convicts (Para. 7)--Saxon churls (Para. 8)--Norman conquerors (Para. 8)3. ExaggerationPerhaps it is because of my upbringing in English pubs that I think bar conversation has a charm of its own. (Para. 3)4. Metaphor1. No one has any idea where it will go as it meanders or leaps and sparkles or just glows. (Para. 2)2. They got out of bed on the wrong side is simply not a concern. (Para. 3)3. Suddenly the alchemy of conversation took place (Para. 4)4. The glow of the conversation burst into flames. (Para. 6)5. The conversation was on wings. (Para. 8)6. We ought to think ourselves back into the shoes of the Saxon peasant. (Para. 11)7. The Elizabethans blew on it as on a dandelion clock, and its seeds multiplied, and floated to the ends of the earth. (Para.14)8. I have an unending love affair with dictionaries. (Para. 17)9. Even with the most educated and the most literate, the King’s English slips and slides in conversation. (Para. 18)10. “the sinister corridor of our age…” (Para. 18)11. Otherwise one will bind the conversation, one will not let it flow freely here and there. (Para. 20)12. We would never have gone to Australia, or leaped back in time to the Norman Conquest. (Para. 20)5. Simile1. They are like the musketeers of Dumas who, although they lived side by side with each other, did not delve into each other’s… (Para. 3)2. The Elizabethans blew on it as on a dandelion clock,…(Para.14)Lesson 2 MarrakechSimile1. The burying-ground is merely a huge waste of hummocky earth, like a derelict building-lot. (Para. 2)2. ,…sore-eyed children cluster everywhere in unbelievable numbers, like clouds of flies. (Para. 8)3. …where the soil is exactly like broken-up brick. (Para. 18)4. Long lines of women, bent double like inverted capital Ls (Para. 18)5. …their feet squashed into boots that looked like blocks of wood… (Para. 23)6. ,…glittering like scraps of paper. (Para. 26)Metaphor1. They rise out of the earth, …(Para. 3)2. Down the center of the street there is generally running a little river of urine. (Para. 8)Alliterationsweat and starve (Para. 3)Transferred Epithet--there was a frenzied rush of Jews (Para. 10)Onomatopoeia, winding up the road with a clumping of boots and a clatter of iron wheels (Para.22)Synecdoche1. a white skin is always fairly conspicuous (Para. 16)2. , actually has feelings of reverence before a white skin. (Para. 24) Rhetorical Question1. Are they really the same flesh as your self Do they even have names Or are they merely a kind of differentiated brown stuff, about as individual as bees or coral insects (Para. 3)2. How much longer can we go one kidding these people How long before they turn their guns in the other direction (Para.25)UnderstatementI am not commenting, merely pointing to a fact. (Para. 21)Lesson 3 Inaugural Address (January 20, 1961)Parallelism…, symbolizing an end as well as a beginning, signifying renewal as well as change. (Para. 1)Paras. 6, 7, 8, 10, 11Alliteration1. …friend and foe alike… (Para. 3)2. to assure the survival and the success of liberty. (Para. 4)3. steady spread (Para. 13)4. …bear the burden… (Para. 22)5. …strength and sacrifice…Metaphor1.…those who foolishly sought power by riding the back of the tiger ended up inside. (Para. 7)2. But this peaceful revolution of hope cannot become the prey of hostile powers. (Para. 9)3. this hemisphere intends to remain the master of its own house. (Para. 9)4. to strengthen its shield of the new and the weak… (Para.10)5. And if a beachhead of cooperation may push back the jungle of suspicion… (Para.19)6. The energy, the faith, the devotion which we bring to this endeavor will light our country and all who serve it, and the glow from that fire can truly light the world. (Para. 24)Consonance…, whether it wishes us well or ill,… (Para. 4)Synecdoche…both rightly alarmed by the steady spread of the deadly atom….(Para. 13) Antithesis1. United, there is little we cannot do in a host of cooperative ventures. Divided, there is little we can do, for we dare not meeta powerful challenge at odds and split asunder. (Para. 6)2. If a free society cannot help the many who are poor, it cannot save the few who are rich. (Para. 8)3. And so, my fellow Americans, ask not what your country can do for you; ask what you can do for your country. (Para. 25) Repetitionall forms of (Para. 2)the belief (Para. 2)Regression1. Let us never negotiate out of fear, but let us never fear to negotiate. (Para.14)2. And so, my fellow Americans, ask not what your country can do for you; ask what you can do for your country. (Para. 25) Allusionone hundred days (Para. 20)ClimaxAll this will not be finished in the first one hundred days. Nor will it be finished in the first one thousand days, nor in the life of this Administration, nor even perhaps in our lifetime on this planet. (Para. 20)Hyperbolehour of maximum danger (Para. 24)Lesson 4 Love is a FallacyMetaphor1. Charles Lamb, unfettered the informal essay with.... “Dream’s Children”. (Author’s Note)2. There follows an informal essay....frontier. (Author’s Note)3. Logic, far from being a dry, pedantic discipline, is a living, breathing thing, full of beauty, passion, and trauma. (Author’s Note)4. My brain, that precision instrument, slipped into high gear. (Para. 17)5. In other words, if you were out of the picture, the field would be open. (Para.31)6. I fought off a wave of despair. (Para. 76)7. Maybe somewhere in the extinct crater of her mind, a few embers still smoldered. Maybe somehow I could fan them into flame. (Para. 95)8. The next fallacy is called Poisoning the Well. (Para. 112)9.”The first man has poisoned the well before anybody could drink from it. He has hamstrung his opponent before he could even start.” (Para. 116)10. The rat! (Para. 148)Simile1. My brain was as powerful as a dynamo, as precise as a chemist’s scale, as penetrating as a scalpel. (Para. 1)2. Same age, same background, but dumb as an ox. (Para. 2)3. First he looked at the coat with the expression of a waif ata bakery window. (Para. 47)4. He looked like a mound of dead raccoons. (Para. 54)5. ...the raccoon coat huddled like a great hairy beast at his feet. (Para. 94)6. It was like digging a tunnel. (Para. 120)7. I leaped to my feet, bellowing like a bull. (Para. 144)Antithesis1. “It is, aft er all, easier to make a beautiful dumb girl smart than to make an ugly smart girl beautiful.” (Para. 24)2. “Back and forth his head swiveled，desire waxing, resolution waning.” (Para.47)3. If there is an irresistible force, there can be no immovable object. If there is an immovable object, there can be no irresistible force. (Para. 91)4. “Look at me--a brilliant student..ing from.” (Para. 150)Hyperbole1. Logic, far from being a dry, pedantic discipline, is a living, breathing thing, full of beauty, pa ssion, and trauma. (Author’s Note)2. My brain was as powerful as a dynamo, as precise as achemist’s scale, as penetrating as a scalpel. (Para. 1)3. It’s not often that one so young has such a giant intellect. (Para. 2)4. Finally he didn’t turn away at all; he just stood and stared with mad lust at the coat. (Para. 47)。

高级英语第二册修辞汇总

Lesson11.Wind and rain now wiped the house. ----metaphor(暗 )2.The children went from adult to adult like buckets in a fire brigade. ---- simile (明 )3.The wind sounded like the roar of a train passing a few yards away. ---- -simile4.⋯it seized a 600,00 gallon Gulfport oil tank and dumped it 3.5 miles a way. ----personification(人 )5.We can batten down and ride it out. -----metaphor6.Everybody out the back door to the cars!—ellipsis ( 省略 )7.Telephone poles and 20-inch-thick pines cracked like guns asthe winds snapped them. -----simile8.Several vacationers at the luxurious Richelieu Apartments there held a hurricane party to watch the storm from their spectacular vantage point--- --transferred epithet移就9.Strips of clothing festooned the standing trees, and blown downpower lines coiled like black spaghetti over the roads----metaphor; simile Lesson21.The burying-ground is merely a huge waste of hummocky earth, likea derelict building-lot. -----simile2.They rise out of the earth, they sweat and starve for a few years,and then they sink back into the nameless mounds of the graveyardand nobody notices that they are gone. -----alliteration押头韵3. ... and sore-eyed children cluster everywhere in unbelievable numbers, like clouds of flies. ----simile4.And really it was almost like watching a flock of cattle to see thelong column, a mile or two miles of armed men, flowing peacefully upthe road, while the great white birds drifted over them in the opposite direction, glittering like scraps of paper. ----- simile5.The little crowd of mourners all men and boys, no womenthreaded their way across the market place between the piles ofpomegranates and the taxis and the camels, wailing a short chant over and over again.--—elliptical sentence6.A carpenter sits cross-legged at a prehistoric lathe, turning chair-legs at lightning speed.—- hyperbole7.Instantly, from the dark holes all round, there was a frenzied rushof Jews, many of them old grandfathers with flowing grey beards, allclamoring for a cigarette. -----transferred epithet8.Still, a white skin is always fairly conspicuous.—-synecdoche(提 )9.As the storks flew northward the Negroes were marching southwarda long, dusty column, infantry, screw-gun batteries, and then more infantry, four or five thousand men in all, winding up the road with aclumping of boots and a clatter of iron wheels—.---onomatopoetic words symbolism10.Not hostile, not contemptuous, not sullen, not even inquisitive.—-- elliptical sentence11.This wretched boy, who is a French citizen and has therefore been dragged from the forest to scrub floors and catch syphilis in garrison towns, actually has feelings of reverence before a white skin—.-synecdoche提Lesson31.⋯ and no one has any idea where it will go as it meanders or leaps and sparkles or just glows. ---mixed-metaphor or metaphor2. ⋯ that suddenly the alchemy of conversation took place, and all atonce there was a focus. ----metaphor3.The glow of the conversation burst into flames. ----metaphor4.We had traveled in five minutes to Australia. -----metaphorThe fact that their marriages may be on the rocks, or that their love affairs have been broken or even that they got out of bed on the wrong side issimply not a concern.--—metaphor5.The conversation was on wings. ----metaphor6.The bother about teaching chimpanzees how to talk is that they will pro bably try to talk sense and so ruin all conversation. -----sarcasm反讽7.They are like the musketeers of Dumas who, although they livedside by side with each other, did not delve into each other's lives or the recesses of their thoughts and feelings. -----simile8.They are like the musketeers of Dumas who, although they lived side b y side with each other, did not delve into, eachother ’s lives or the recesses of their thoughts and feelings—.-simile9.Is the phrase in Shakespeare? ----metonymy10.The Elizabethans blew on it as on a dandelion clock, and its seeds multiplied, and floated to the ends of the earth—.simile11.Even with the most educated and the most literate,theKing ’s English slips and slides in conversation—.alliteration12.When E.M.F orster writes of “thesinister corridor of our age, ”we sit up at the vividness of the phrase, the force and even terror in the image—. --metaphorLesson 41.United, there is little we cannot do in a host of co-operative ventures. Divided, there is little we can do, for we dare not meet a power full challenge at odds and split asunder—.antithesis2.⋯in the past, those who foolishly sought power by riding the back of the tiger ended up inside—.metaphor3.Let us never negotiate out of fear, but let us never fear to negotiate—. regression (回 :A-B-C)4.All this will not be finished in the first one hundred days.—allusion 引典; climax5.And so, my fellow Americans ask not what your country can do for you; ask what you can do for your country.—antithesis, regression回6 We observe today not a victory of party but a celebration of freedom, symbolizing an end as well as a beginning, signifying renewal as well as change. ----parallelism7. Let the word go forth from this time and place, to friend and foe alike ⋯. —alliteration8.Let every nation know, whether it wishes us well or i11, that we shall pay any price, bear any burden, meet any hardship, support any friend, oppose any foe to assure the survival and the success of liberty. ----–parallelism; alliteration9. United, there is little we cannot do in a host of co-operative ventures. Divided, there is little we can do, for we dare not meet a powerful challen ge at odds and split asunder. ----antithesis句10.If a free society cannot help the many who are poor, it cannot save the few who are rich. -----antithesis11.⋯ to assist free men and free governments in casting off the chains of poverty. ---repetition12.And if a beachhead of co-operation may push back the jungleof suspicion -----⋯metaphor13.Let both sides explore what problems unite us instead ofbelaboring those problems which divide us. -----antithesis14.And let every other power know that this hemisphere intendsto remain the master of its own house. -----metaphor15.The energy, the faith, the devotion which we bring to this endeavor will light our country and all who serve it, and the glow from that firecan truly light the world. -----extended metaphor16.⋯to strengthen its shield of the new and theweak⋯ ----metaphor17.With a good conscience our only sure reward, with history thefinal judge of our deeds⋯-----parallelismLesson51. Read, then, the following essay which undertakes to demonstrate that logic, far from being a dry, pedantic discipline, is a living, breathing thing , full of beauty, passion, and trauma—.-metaphor; hyperbole2.Charles Lamb, as merry and enterprising a fellow as you will meet in a month of Sundays, unfettered the informal essay with his memorable Old China and Dream’s Children.—metaphor3.Cool was I and logical. ----inversion (倒装)4.My brain was as powerful as a dynamo, as precise as a chemist's scales , as penetrating as a scalpel.-----simile5.My brain, that precision instrument, slipped into high gear. ---- metaphor or -mixed-metaphor6.Same age, same background, but dumb as an ox. ----simile7.I was not one to let my heart rule my head. ----metonymy8."I may do better than that," I said with a mysterious wink and closed my bag and left. ----transferred epithet9.Maybe somewhere in the extinct crater of her mind, a few embers still smoldered. ----metaphor10.We went to the Knoll, the campus trysting place, and we sat down under an old oak, and she looked at me expectantly. -----allusion11.Just as Pygmalion loved the perfect woman he had fashioned, ---- allusion12.I was not Pygmalion; I was Frankenstein, and my monster had me by the throat. ----allusion13.The time had come to change our relationship from academicto romantic. ----assonance 半()音14. Back and forth his head swiveled, desire waxing, resolution waning.—antithesis15. What’s Polly to me, or me to Polly?—parody16."Your girl," I said, mincing no words. ----litotes ( 接一定 )17.This loomed as a project of no smalldimensions ⋯-----litotes or understatement18.Maybe somewhere in the extinct crater of her mind, a few embers still smoldered. Maybe somehow I could fan them into flame—.-metaphor or extended metaphor19. There is a limit to what flesh and blood can bear. ----synecdoche20.He has hamstrung his opponent before he could even start. ----metaphor21.Over and over and over again I cited instances pointed out flaws, kept hammering away without let-up. ----metaphor22.Suddenly, a g1immer of intelligence—the first I had seen--cameinto her eyes. ----metaphor23.I saw a chink of light. And then the chink got bigger and the sun came pouring in and all was bright. -----metaphor24.. You are the whole world to me, and the moon and the stars and the constellations of outer space. -----hyperbole; metaphor25. He's a liar. He's a cheat. He's a rat. ----climax递(进 )26.Look at me--a brilliant student, a tremendous intellectual, a man withan assured future. Look at Petey--a knot-head, a jitterbug, a guy who'll never know where his next meal is coming from. -----antithesis对句Lesson71.Here was the very heart of industrial America, the center of its most lucrative and characteristic activity, the boast and pride of the richest and grandest nation ever seen on earth—and here was a scene so dreadfullyhideous, so intolerably bleak and forlorn that it reduced the whole aspiration of man to a macabre and depressing joke—. metaphor; hyperbole; parallelism; antithesis2.Here was wealth beyond computation, almost beyond imaginationand here were human habitations so abominable that they would have disgraced a race of alley cats—.hyperbole; antithesis3.What I allude to is the unbroken and agonizing ugliness, the sheer revolting monstrousness, of every house in sight. ----transferred epithet4.⋯,there was not one in sight from the train that did not insult and lacerate the eye. ----hyperbole; double negatives双(否 )5.There was not a single decent house within eye range from the Pittsburgh suburbs to the Greensburg yards，and there was not one that was not misshapen, and there was not one that was not shabby. ----hyperbole; repetition; double negatives6.The country itself is not uncomely, despite the grime of theendless mills. —litotes or understatement7.Obviously, if their were architects of any professional sense or dignityin the region, they would have perfected a chalet to hug the hillsides—a chalet with a high-pitched roof, to throw off the heavy winter snows, butstill essentially a low and clinging building, wider than it was tall.- —ridicule （刺）8. This they have converted into a thing of dingy clapboards, with anarrow, low-pitched roof. ----inversion ( 倒装 )9.On their deep sides they are three, four and even five stories high; ontheir low sides they bury themselves swinishly in the mud. ----metaphor10.But what brick! -----ellipsis ( 省略 )11.⋯,and so they have the most loathsome towns and villages ever seen by mortal eye . ---- hyperbole12.I award this championship only after laborious research and incessant prayer. ----irony; sarcasm13.And one and all they are streaked in grime, with dead and eczematous patches of paint peeping through the streaks—.metaphor14.When it has taken on the patina of the mills it is the color of an egg long past all hope or caring—.ridicule, irony, metaphor15.I award this championship only after laborious research and incessant prayer.—irony16.Safe in a Pullman, I have whirled through the gloomy, God-forsaken villages of Iowa and Lansas, and the malarious tidewater hamlets of Georgia.—antonomasia (称：闻名指代一般名 ) or allusion 17.It is as if some titanic and aberrant genius, uncompromisinglyinimical to man, had devoted all the ingenuity of Hell to the making of them.—hyperbole, irony18.They like it as it is: beside it, the Parthenon would no doubt offend them.—irony19.It is that of a Presbyterian grinning—.metaphor20.A few linger in memory, horrible even there: a crazy little churchjust west of Jeannette ----personification21 ⋯set like a dormer-window on the side of a bare, leproushill⋯----- metaphor22. a steel stadium like a huge rattrap somewhere further down the line. ----simile23.They like it as it is: beside it, the Parthenon would no doubt offend them. ---- antonomasia (称：闻名指代一般名 ) or allusion24.When it has taken on the patina of the mills it is the color of an egg long past all hope or caring. ----metaphor25.It is as if some titanic and aberrant genius, uncompromisingly inimical to man, had devoted all the ingenuity of Hell to the making of them. ----hyperbole; irony26.Such ghastly designs, it must be obvious, give a genuine delight to acertain type of mind. ----synecdoche (提喻 )27.Thus I suspect (though confessedly without knowing) that the vast majority of the honest folk of Westmoreland county, and especially the 100% Americans among them, actually admire the houses they live in, and are proud of them. -----irony; sarcasm28.It is incredible that mere ignorance should have achieved such master pieces of horror. ---ironyLesson81.One speaks of”human relations”and one means the most inhuman relations,those between alienated automatons;one speaks of happiness and means the perfect routinization which has driven out the last doubt and all spontaneity—.parallelismLesson91.In the streets between houses with red roofs and painted walls,between old moss-grown gardens and under avenues of trees,past great parks and public buildings,processions.—periodic sentence2.The air of morning was so clear that the snow still crowning the Eighteen Peaks burned with white-gold fire across the miles of sunlit air,under the dark blue of the sky—.metaphor3.In the silence of the broad green meadows one could hear the music winding through the city streets,farther and nearer and ever approaching,acheerful faint sweetnessof the air that from time to time trembled and gathered together and broke out into the great joyous clanging of the bells.—periodic sentence4.Some of them understand why,and some do not,but they all understand that their happiness,the beauty of their city,the tenderness of their friendships,the health of their children,the wisdom of their scholars,the skill of their makers,even the abundance of their harvest and the kindly weathers of their skies,depend wholly on this child ’s abominable misery.—parallel construction5.Indeed,after so long it would probably be wretched without walls about it to protect it ,and darkness for its eyes,and its own excrement to sit in.—parallel constructionLesson101.The slightest mention of the decade brings nostalgic recollections to the middle-aged and curious questionings by the young:memories of the deliciously illicit thrill of the first visit to a speakeasy,of the brave denunciationg of Puritan morality,and of the fashionable experimentations in amour in the parked sedan on a countryroad;questions about the naughty,jazzy parties,the flask-toting”sheik”,and the moral and stylistic vagaries of the “flapper”and the “drug-store cowboy”.—transferred epithet2.Second,in the United States it was reluctantly realized bysome—subconsciously if not openly—that our country was no longer isolated in either politics or tradition and that we had reached an international stature that would forever prevent us from retreatingbehind the artificial walls of a provincial morality or the geographical protection of our two bordering oceans—.metaphor3.War or no war,as the generations passed,it became increasingly difficult for our young people to accept standards of behavior that bore no relationship to the bustling business medium in which they were expected to battle for success—.metaphor4.The war acted merely as a catalytic agent in this breakdown of the Victorian social structure,and by precipitating our young people into a pattern of mass murder it released their inhibited violent energies which,after the shooting was over,were turned in both Europe and America to the destruction of an obsolescent nineteenth century society.—metaphor5.The prolonged stalemate of 1915-1916,the increasing insolence of Germany toward the United States,and our official reluctance to declare our status as a belligerent were intolerable to many of our idealistic citizens,and with typical American adventurousness enhanced somewhat by the strenuous jingoism of Theodore Roosevelt,our young men began to enlist under foreign flags.—metonymy6.Their energies had been whipped up and their naivete destroyed by thewar and now,in sleepy Gopher Prairies all over the country,they were being asked to curb those energies and resume the pose of self-deceiving Victorian innocence that they now felt to be as outmoded as the notion that their fighting had”made the world safe for democracy”.—metaphor7.After the war,it was only natural that hopeful young writers,their mindsand pens inflamed against war,Babbittry,and”Puritanical”gentility,should flock to the traditional artistic center(where living was still cheap in 19) to pour out their new-found creative strength,to tear down the old world, to flout ht morality of their grandfathers,and to give all to art,love,and sensation—.metonymy ,synecdoche8.Younger brothers and sisters of the war generation,who had been playing with marbles and dolls during the battles of Belleau Wood and Chateau-Thierry, and who had suffered no real disillusionment or sense of loss,now began to imitate the manners of their elders and play with the toys of vulgar rebellion.—metaphor9.These defects would disappear if only creative art were allowed to show the way to better things,but since the country was blind and deaf to everything save the glint and ring of the dollar,there was little remedy for the sensitive mind but to emigrate to Europe where”they do things better.”—personification,metonymy ,synecdocheLesson111.This is because there are fewer fanatical believers among theEnglish,and at the same time,below the noisy arguments,the abuse and the quarrels,there is a reservoir of instinctive fellow-feeling,not yet exhausted though it may not be filling up.—metaphor2.But there are not may of these men,either on the board or the shop floor,and they are certainly not typical English.—metaphor3.Some cancer in their character has eaten away their Englishness—.metaphor4.A further necessary demand,to feed the monster with higher and higher figures and larger and larger profits,is for enormous advertising campaigns and brigades of razor-keen salesmen—.metaphor5.It is a battle that is being fought in the minds of the English.It is between Admass, which has already conquered most of the Western world,and Englishness, ailing and impoverished,in no position to receive vast subsidies of dollars,francs,Deutschmarks and the rest,for public relations and advertising campaigns—.personification6.Against this,at least superficially, Englishness seems a poor shadowy show—a faint pencil sketch beside a poster in full color –belonging as it really does to the invisible inner world,merely offering states of mind in place of that rich variety of things.But then while things areimportant,states of mind are even more important—.metaphor7.It must have some moral capital to draw upon,and soon it may be asking for an overdraft.—metaphor8.Bewildered,they grope and mess around because they have fallen between two stools,the old harsh discipline having vanished and the essential new self-discipline either not understood or thought to be out of reach.—metaphor9.Recognized political parties are repertory companies staging ghostly campaigns,and all that is real between them is the arrangement by which one set of chaps take their turn at ministerial jobs while the other pretend to be astounded and shocked and bring in talk of ruin—.metaphor 10.Englishness cannot be fed with the east wind of a narrow rationality,the latest figures of profit and loss,a constant appeal to self-interest.—metaphor11.And this is true,whether they are wearing bowler hats or ungovernable mops of hair.—metonymyLesson121.When it did,I like many a writer before me upon the discovery that his props have all been knocked out from under him,suffered a species of breakdown ad was carried off to the mountains of Switzerland.—metaphor2.There, in that absolutely alabaster landscape armed with two Bessie Smith records and a typewriter I began to try to recreate the life that I had first known as a child and from which I had spent so many years in flight. — metaphor3.Once I was able to accept my role—as distinguished,I must say,from my”place”—in the extraordinary drama which is America,I was released from the illusion that I hated America.—metaphor4.It is not meant,of course,to imply that it happens to them all,for Europe can be very crippling too;and,anyway,a writer,when he has made his first breakthrough,has simply won a crucial skirmish in a dangerous,unending and unpredictable battle—.metaphor5.Whatever the Europeans may actually think of artists,they have killedenough of them off by now to know that they are as real—and as persist—as rain,snow,taxes or businessmen—.simile6.In this endeavor to wed the vision of the Old World with that of the New,it is the writer,not the statesman,who is our strongest arm.—metaphorLesson131.I am asked whether I know that there exists a worldwide movement for the absolution of capital punishment which has every where enlisted able men of every profession,including the law.I am told that the death penalty is not only inhuman but also unscientific,for rapists and murderers are really sick people who should be cured,not killed.I am invited to use my imagination and acknowledge the unbearable horror of every form of execution.—parataxis2.Under such a law,a natural selection would operate to remove高级英语第二册修辞汇总permanently from the scene persons who,let us say,neglect argument in favor of banging on the desk with their shoe—.metonymy Lesson141.A market for knowingness exists in New York that doesn’texist for knowledge.—paregmenon2.The condescending view from the fiftieth floor of the city ’s crowds below cuts these people off from humanity—.transferred epithet3.So much of well-to-do America now lives antiseptically enclaves,tranquil and luxurious,that shut outin theworld.—synecdoche,metaphor。

高级英语（二）修辞汇总

Lesson 91.Their high calls rising like the swallows' crossing flights over the music and the singing (Para 1) . Simile2.If you can't lick'em, join'em (Para 3). aphorism 格言If you can beat evil then become evil yourself.3.The faces of small children are amiable sticky; in the benign grey beard of a man a couplt of crumbs of rich pastry are entangled. Para4. Transferred epithet.4.The crowds along the racecourse are like a field of grass and flowers in the wind. Para 6. Simile5. In the streets between houses with red roofs and painted walls,between old mossgrown gardens and under avenues of trees,past great parks and public buildings,processions.—periodic sentence6. The air of morning was so clear that the snow stil crowning the Eighteen Peaks burned with white-gold fire across the miles of sunlit air,under the dark blue of the sky.—metaphor7. In the silence of the broad green meadows one could hear the music winding through the city streets,farther and nearer and ever approaching,a cheerful faint sweetness of the air that from time to time trembled and gathered together and broke out into the great joyous clanging of the bells.—periodic sentence8. Some of them understand why,and some do not,but they all understand that their happiness,the beauty of their city,the tenderness of their friendships,the health of their children,the wisdom of their scholars,the skill of their makers,even the abundance of their harvest and the kindly weathers of their skies,depend wholly on this child’s abominable misery.—parallelism/parallel structure9. Indeed,after so long it would probably be wretched without walls about it to protect it ,and darkness for its eyes,and its own excrement to sit in.—parallelism/parallel structureLesson101. The slightest mention of the decade brings nostalgic recollections to themiddle-aged and curious questionings by the young:memories of the deliciously illicit thrill of the first visit to a speakeasy,of the brave denunciating of Puritan morality,and of the fashionable experimentations in amour in the parked sedan on a country road;questions about the naughty,jazzy parties,the flask-toting‖sheik‖,and the moral and stylistic vagaries of the ―flapper‖and the ―drug-store cowboy‖.para 1—transferred epithet ; parallelism2.Second,in the United States it was reluctantly realized by some—subconsciously if not openly—that our country was no longer isolated in either politics or tradition and that we had reached an international stature that would forever prevent us from retreating behind the artificial walls of a provincial morality or the geographical protection of our two bordering oceans. Para 2—metaphor3. War or no war,as the generations passed,it became increasingly difficult for our young people to accept standards of behavior that bore no relationship to the bustling business medium in which they were expected to battle for success.para 3—metaphor4. The war acted merely as a catalytic agent in this breakdown of the Victorian social structure,and by precipitating our young people into a pattern of mass murder it released their inhibited violent energies which,after the shooting was over,were turned in both Europe and America to the destruction of an obsolescent nineteenth century society. para 3—metaphor; metonomy(shooting refers to the war)5. The prolonged stalemate of 1915-1916,the increasing insolence of Germany toward the United States,and our official reluctance to declare our status as a belligerent were intolerable to many of our idealistic citizens,and with typical American adventurousness enhanced somewhat by the strenuous jingoism of Theodore Roosevelt,our young men began to enlist under foreign flags.—metonymy6. Their energies had been whipped up and their naivete destroyed by the war and now,in sleepy Gopher Prairies all over the country,they were being asked to curb those energies and resume the pose of self-deceiving Victorian innocence that they now felt to be as outmoded as the notion that their fighting had‖made the world safe for democracy‖. Para 5—metaphor7.After the war,it was only natural that hopeful young writers,their minds and pens inflamed against war,Babbittry,and‖Puritanical‖gentility,should flock to the traditional artistic center(where living was still cheap in 1919)to pour out their new-found creative strength,to tear down the old world, to flout ht morality of their grandfathers,and to give all to art,love,and sensation. Para 7—metonymy8.Soon they found their imitators among the non-intellectuals. As it became more and more fashionable throughout the country for young persons to defy the law and the conventions and to add their own little matchsticks to the conflagration of "flamingyouth", it was Greenwich Village that fanned the flames. Para 8---metaphor;metonymy9.The strife of 1861 --1865 had popularly become, in motion picture and story, a magnolia-scented soap opera, while the one hundred-days' fracas with Spain in 1898 had dissolved into a one-sided victory at Manila and a cinematic charge up San Juan Hill. Para 5. Transferred epithet10.Naturally, the spirit of carnival and the enthusiasm for high military adventure were soon dissipated once the eager young men had received a good taste of twentieth- century warfare. Para 6. Metaphor\irony9. Y ounger brothers and sisters of the war generation,who had been playing with marbles and dolls during the battles of Belleau Wood and Chateau-Thierry,and who had suffered no real disillusionment or sense of loss,now began to imitate the manners of their elders and play with the toys of vulgar rebellion. Para 8—metaphor10. These defects would disappear if only creative art were allowed to show the way to better things,but since the country was blind and deaf to everything save the glint and ring of the dollar,there was little remedy for the sensitive mind but to emigrate to Europe where‖they do things better.‖—Para 6 personification,metonymy ,metaphorLesson111.No doubt there are in England some snarling shop stewards who demand ....(Para 2, alliteration.2.1. This is because there are fewer fanatical believers among the English,and at the same time,below the noisy arguments,the abuse and the quarrels,there is a reservoir of instinctive fellow-feeling,not yet exhausted though it may not be filling up.—metaphor3. But there are not may of these men,either on the board or the shop floor,and they are certainly not typical English.—metaphor4. Some cancer in their character has eaten away their Englishness.Para 2—metaphor5. (Para. 5) But it is worth noting along the way that while America has shown us too many desperately worried executives dropping into early graves, too many exhausted salesmen taking refuge in bars....(euphemism)6. (Para 5)Now Englishness, with its relation to the unconscious, its dependence upon instinct and intuition, cann't break its links with the past: it has deep longroots.(metaphor)7. A further necessay demand,to feed the monster with higher and higher figures and larger and larger profits,is for enormous advertising campaigns and brigades of razor-keen salesmen.—metaphor8. It is a battle that is being fought in the minds of the English.It is between Admass,which has already conquered most of the Western world,and Englishness,ailing and impoverished,in no position to receive vast subsidies of dollars,francs,Deutschmarks and the rest,for public relations and advertising campaigns.—personification9. Against this,at least superficially,Englishness seems a poor shadowy show—a faint pencil sketch beside a poster in full color –belonging as it really does to the invisible inner world,merely offering states of mind in place of that rich variety of things.But then while things are important,states of mind are even more important.Para. 4—metaphor10. (Paragraph 6)It must have some moral capital to draw upon,and soon it may be asking for an overdraft.—metaphor11. But something like it is being said, thought or felt, in the very places where there is the most money, the most boredom, the most trouble and 'industrial action,' and indeed the most Admass.(Para 8.) Euphemism12. As it it they are like a hippopotamus blundering in and out of a pets' tea party. (Para 8.) simile13. They have fallen between two stools.(Para 11) metaphor14 But it need reinforcement,extra nourishment, especially now when our public life seems ready to starve. (Para 14) metaphor15. Politicians are making such appeals, whereas statesmen, when they can be found, prefer to take themselves and their hearers out of the stock exchanges' meetings counting-houses.(Para 15). metaphor16. Bewildered,they grope and mess around because they have fallen between two stools,the old harsh discipline having vanished and the essential new self-discipline either not understood or thought to be out of reach.—metaphor17. Recognized political parties are repertory companies staging ghostly campaigns,and all that is real between them is the arrangement by which one set of chaps take their turn at ministerial jobs while the other et pretend to be astounded andshocked and bring in talk of ruin.—metaphor18. Englishness cannot be fed with the east wind of a narrow rationality,the latest figures of profit and loss,a constant appeal to self-interest.—metaphor19.Para 15 And this is true,whether they are wearing bowler hats or ungovernable mops of hair.—metonymy20.. Para 14 ...who seem to regard politics as a game...let us say...(simile)Lesson121.I proved, to my astonishment, to be as American as any Texaas G. I.(Para. 3) Allusion典故2.Even the most incorrigible maverick has to be born somewhere. He may leave...the marks of which he carries with him everywhere.(Para. 22) Allusion3. When it did,I like many a writer befor me upon the discovery that his props have all been knocked out from under him,suffered a species of breakdown and was carried off to the mountains of Switzerland.Para 6—metaphor4. re,in that absolutely alabaster landscape armed with two Bessie Smith records and a typewriter I began to try to recreate the life that I had first known as a child and from which I had spent so many years in flight.Para 6—metaphor3.Once I was able to accept my role—as distinguished,I must say,from my‖place‖—in the extraordinary drama which is America,I was released from the illusion that I hated America.—metaphor4. It is not meant,of course,to imply that it happens to them all,for Europe can be very crippling too;and,anyway,a writer,when he has made his first breakthrough,has simply won a crucial skirmish in a dangerous,unending and unpredictable battle.—metaphor5.Whatever the Europeans may actually think of artists,they have killed enough of them off by now to know that they are as real—and as persisten—as rain,snow,taxes or businessmen.—simile6.In this endeavor to wed the vision of the Old World with that of the New,it is the writer,not the statesman,who is our strongest arm.(Para. 29)—metaphor7.Though we do not wholly believe it yet, the interior life is a real life, and the intangible dreams of people have a tangible effect on the world. (Para. 29). Antithesis8.In this endeavor to wed the vision of the Old World with that of the New, it is the writer, not the statesman, who is our strongest arm. (Para. 29) Metonomy9.I t is as though he suddenly came out of a dark tunnel and for himself beneath the open sky. (Para. 16) simileLesson131.The Sixth commandment not withstanding. (Para 8) Allusion.2.Dictum格言E.g. 1)...of the ancient law, "Eat or be eaten" (Para. 10)2) far better hang this man than "give him life"(Para. 23)3.EuphemismE.g. 1) The uncontrollable brute whom i want put out of the way is not to bepunished for his misdeeds. (Para. 6)2) And again, do we hear any protest against the police...that misses theartist and hits the bystander? (Para. 9)4.Metaphor1) The illicit jump we find here, on the threshold of the inquiry,,,(Para 4)2) How many women are still haunted by the specter of a n experience they havenever disclosed to another living soul？(Para 13)5.ParadoxAs if a model prisoner were not, first, a contradiction in terms, and second, an examplar of what a free society should not want.6.Rhetorical question1) But whi kill? (Para 7)2) How can i oppose abolition? (Para. 7)7. Sarcasm1) The propaganda for abolition speaks in hushed tones of the sanctity of humanlife, as if ...should silence all opponents who have any moral sense. (Para. 8)2) We may be sure form the experience of two ...that they will bless our arms andpray for victory when called upon...(Para 8)8. He is to be killed for the protection of others, like the wolf that escaped not longago in a Connecticut suburb. (para. 6) Simile9. Synecdoche1) The inquiring mind also wants to know, why the sanctity of human lifealone?(Para. 10）2）How many women are still haunted by the specter of an experience they have never disclosed to another living soul? (Para. 13)10. Transferred epithet1) The letter, sad and reproachful...(Para. 1)2)...the movement for abolition is widespread and articulate (Para. 2)11.MetonymyUnder such a law,a natural selection would operate to remove permanently from the scene persons who,let us say,neglect argument in favor of banging on the desk with their shoe.—metonymyLesson141.A market for knowingness exists in New Y ork that doesn’t exist for knowledge.—paregmenon同源词并列2. Transferred epithet1)The condescending view from the fiftieth floor of the city’s crowds below cuts these people off from humanity.Para. 123.Alliteration...while sitcoms cloned and canned in Hollywood, and....(Para. 3)4.New Y ork was never Mecca to me. (Para. 7) metonomy; allusion5.5. Irony:6.So what else is new? (Para. 16) rhetorical question7.MetonymyTin Pan Alley has moved to Nashville and Hollywood. (Para. 3)8)Personification1) Nature constantly yields to man in New Y ork: ...sidewalk trees gamely struggling against...(Para. 8)2) New Y ork is a wounded city,... By its tax burdens. (Para. 15)9)Antithesis1) to win in New York is to be uneasy; t o lose is to live in jostling proximity to the frustrated majority. (Para. 3）2) The place constantly exasperates, at times exhilarates. (Para. 22) alliteration 10)EuphemismThe defeated are not hidden away ....on the wrong side of town. (Para. 18)11.Metaphor1) Characteristically, the city swallows up the UN...(Para. 20)2) So much of well-to-do America now lives...in enclaves...the world. (Para.16)。

高级英语第二册修辞汇总

Lesson11. Wind and rain now wiped the house. ----metaphor(暗喻)2. The children went from adult to adult like buckets in a fire brigade. ----simile (明喻)3. The wind sounded like the roar of a train passing a few yards away. -----simile4. …it seized a 600,00 gallon Gulfport oil tank and dumped it 3.5 miles a way. ----personification(拟人)5. We can batten down and ride it out. -----metaphor6. Everybody out the back door to the cars!—ellipsis (省略)7. Telephone poles and 20-inch-thick pines cracked like guns as the winds snapped them. -----simile8. Several vacationers at the luxurious Richelieu Apartments there held a hurricane party to watch the storm from their spectacular vantage point-----transferred epithet移就9. Strips of clothing festooned the standing trees, and blown down power lines coiled like black spaghetti over the roads----metaphor; simileLesson21. The burying-ground is merely a huge waste of hummocky earth, like a derelict building-lot. -----simile2. They rise out of the earth, they sweat and starve for a few years, and then they sink back into the nameless mounds of the graveyard and nobody notices that they are gone. -----alliteration押头韵3. ... and sore-eyed children cluster everywhere in unbelievable numbers, like clouds of flies. ----simile4. And really it was almost like watching a flock of cattle to see the long column, a mile or two miles of armed men, flowing peacefully up the road, while the great white birds drifted over them in the opposite direction, glittering like scraps of paper. ----- simile5. The little crowd of mourners all men and boys, no womenthreaded their way across the market place between the piles of pomegranates and the taxis and the camels, wailing a short chant over and over again.--—elliptical sentence6. A carpenter sits cross-legged at a prehistoric lathe, turning chair-legs at lightning speed.—- hyperbole7. Instantly, from the dark holes all round, there was a frenzied rush of Jews, many of them old grandfathers with flowing grey beards, all clamoring for a cigarette. -----transferred epithet8. Still, a white skin is always fairly conspicuous.—-synecdoche(提喻)9. As the storks flew northward the Negroes were marching southwarda long, dusty column, infantry, screw-gun batteries, and then more infantry, four or five thousand men in all, winding up the road with a clumping of boots and a clatter of iron wheels.—---onomatopoetic words symbolism10. Not hostile, not contemptuous, not sullen, not even inquisitive. —-- elliptical sentence11. This wretched boy, who is a French citizen and has therefore been dragged from the forest to scrub floors and catch syphilis in garrison towns, actually has feelings of reverence before a white skin. —- synecdoche提喻Lesson31. … and no one has any idea where it will go as it meanders or leaps and sparkles or just glows. ---mixed-metaphor or metaphor2. … that suddenly the alchemy of conversation took place, and all atonce there was a focus. ----metaphor3. The glow of the conversation burst into flames. ----metaphor4. We had traveled in five minutes to Australia. -----metaphorThe fact that their marriages may be on the rocks, or that their love affairs have been broken or even that they got out of bed on the wrong side is simply not a concern.--—metaphor5. The conversation was on wings. ----metaphor6. The bother about teaching chimpanzees how to talk is that they will pro bably try to talk sense and so ruin all conversation. -----sarcasm反讽7. They are like the musketeers of Dumas who, although they lived side by side with each other, did not delve into each other's lives or the recesses of their thoughts and feelings. -----simile8. They are like the musketeers of Dumas who, although they lived side b y side with each other, did not delve into, each other’s lives or the recesses of their thoughts and feelings.—-simile9. Is the phrase in Shakespeare? ----metonymy10. The Elizabethans blew on it as on a dandelion clock, and its seeds multiplied, and floated to the ends of the earth.—simile11. Even with the most educated and the most literate, the King’s English slips and slides in conversation.—alliteration12. When E.M.F orster writes of “the sinister corridor of our age,” we sit up at the vividness of the phrase, the force and even terror in the image.—--metaphorLesson 41. United, there is little we cannot do in a host of co-operative ventures. Divided, there is little we can do, for we dare not meet a power full challenge at odds and split asunder.—antithesis2.…in the past, those who foolishly sought power by riding the back of the tiger ended up inside.—metaphor3. Let us never negotiate out of fear, but let us never fear to negotiate.—regression (回环:A-B-C)4. All this will not be finished in the first one hundred days.—allusion 引典; climax递进5. And so, my fellow Americans ask not what your country can do for you; ask what you can do for your country.—antithesis, regression回环6 We observe today not a victory of party but a celebration of freedom, symbolizing an end as well as a beginning, signifying renewal as well as change. ----parallelism7. Let the word go forth from this time and place, to friend and foe alike ….—alliteration8. Let every nation know, whether it wishes us well or i11, that we shall pay any price, bear any burden, meet any hardship, support any friend, oppose any foe to assure the survival and the success of liberty. ----–parallelism; alliteration9. United, there is little we cannot do in a host of co-operative ventures. Divided, there is little we can do, for we dare not meet a powerful challen ge at odds and split asunder. ----antithesis对句10. If a free society cannot help the many who are poor, it cannot save the few who are rich. -----antithesis11. … to assist free men and free governments in casting off the chains of poverty. ---repetition12. And if a beachhead of co-operation may push back the jungle of suspicion…-----metaphor13. Let both sides explore what problems unite us instead of belaboring those problems which divide us. -----antithesis14.And let every other power know that this hemisphere intends to remain the master of its own house. -----metaphor15. The energy, the faith, the devotion which we bring to this endeavor will light our country and all who serve it, and the glow from that fire can truly light the world. -----extended metaphor16. …to strengthen its shield of the new and the weak… ----metaphor17.With a good conscience our only sure reward, with history the final judge of our deeds… -----parallelismLesson51. Read, then, the following essay which undertakes to demonstrate that logic, far from being a dry, pedantic discipline, is a living, breathing thing , full of beauty, passion, and trauma.—-metaphor; hyperbole2. Charles Lamb, as merry and enterprising a fellow as you will meet in a month of Sundays, unfettered the informal essay with his memorable Old China and Dream’s Children.—metaphor3. Cool was I and logical. ----inversion (倒装)4. My brain was as powerful as a dynamo, as precise as a chemist's scales , as penetrating as a scalpel.-----simile5. My brain, that precision instrument, slipped into high gear. ---- metaphor or -mixed-metaphor6.Same age, same background, but dumb as an ox. ----simile7. I was not one to let my heart rule my head. ----metonymy转喻8. "I may do better than that," I said with a mysterious wink and closed my bag and left. ----transferred epithet9. Maybe somewhere in the extinct crater of her mind, a few embers still smoldered. ----metaphor10. We went to the Knoll, the campus trysting place, and we sat down under an old oak, and she looked at me expectantly. -----allusion11. Just as Pygmalion loved the perfect woman he had fashioned, ---- allusion12. I was not Pygmalion; I was Frankenstein, and my monster had me by the throat. ----allusion13.The time had come to change our relationship from academic to romantic. ----assonance (半)谐音14. Back and forth his head swiveled, desire waxing, resolution waning.—antithesis15. What’s Polly to me, or me to Polly?—parody16."Your girl," I said, mincing no words. ----litotes (间接肯定)17. This loomed as a project of no small dimensions… -----litotes or understatement18. Maybe somewhere in the extinct crater of her mind, a few embers still smoldered. Maybe somehow I could fan them into flame.—-metaphor or extended metaphor19. There is a limit to what flesh and blood can bear. ----synecdoche20.He has hamstrung his opponent before he could even start. ---- metaphor21. Over and over and over again I cited instances pointed out flaws, kept hammering away without let-up. ----metaphor22. Suddenly, a g1immer of intelligence—the first I had seen--came into her eyes. ----metaphor23. I saw a chink of light. And then the chink got bigger and the sun came pouring in and all was bright. -----metaphor24.. You are the whole world to me, and the moon and the stars and the constellations of outer space. -----hyperbole; metaphor25. He's a liar. He's a cheat. He's a rat. ----climax (递进)26.Look at me--a brilliant student, a tremendous intellectual, a man with an assured future. Look at Petey--a knot-head, a jitterbug, a guy who'll never know where his next meal is coming from. -----antithesis对句Lesson71. Here was the very heart of industrial America, the center of its most lucrative and characteristic activity, the boast and pride of the richest and grandest nation ever seen on earth—and here was a scene so dreadfullyhideous, so intolerably bleak and forlorn that it reduced the whole aspiration of man to a macabre and depressing joke.—metaphor; hyperbole; parallelism; antithesis2. Here was wealth beyond computation, almost beyond imagination and here were human habitations so abominable that they would have disgraced a race of alley cats.—hyperbole; antithesis3. What I allude to is the unbroken and agonizing ugliness, the sheer revolting monstrousness, of every house in sight. ----transferred epithet4. …, there was not one in sight from the train that did not insult and lacerate the eye. ----hyperbole; double negatives (双否)5.There was not a single decent house within eye range from the Pittsburgh suburbs to the Greensburg yards，and there was not one that was not misshapen, and there was not one that was not shabby. ----hyperbole; repetition; double negatives6. The country itself is not uncomely, despite the grime of the endless mills.—litotes or understatement7. Obviously, if their were architects of any professional sense or dignity in the region, they would have perfected a chalet to hug the hillsides—a chalet with a high-pitched roof, to throw off the heavy winter snows, but still essentially a low and clinging building, wider than it was tall.-—ridicule （讽刺）8. This they have converted into a thing of dingy clapboards, with a narrow, low-pitched roof. ----inversion (倒装)9. On their deep sides they are three, four and even five stories high; on their low sides they bury themselves swinishly in the mud. ----metaphor10.But what brick! -----ellipsis (省略)11. …, and so they have the most loathsome towns and villages ever seen by mortal eye . ---- hyperbole12. I award this championship only after laborious research and incessant prayer. ----irony; sarcasm13. And one and all they are streaked in grime, with dead and eczematous patches of paint peeping through the streaks.—metaphor14. When it has taken on the patina of the mills it is the color of an egg long past all hope or caring.—ridicule, irony, metaphor15. I award this championship only after laborious research and incessant prayer.—irony16. Safe in a Pullman, I have whirled through the gloomy, God-forsaken villages of Iowa and Lansas, and the malarious tidewater hamlets of Georgia.—antonomasia (换称：专有名词指代一般名词) or allusion 17. It is as if some titanic and aberrant genius, uncompromisinglyinimical to man, had devoted all the ingenuity of Hell to the making of them.—hyperbole, irony18. They like it as it is: beside it, the Parthenon would no doubt offend them.—irony19. It is that of a Presbyterian grinning.—metaphor20.A few linger in memory, horrible even there: a crazy little church just west of Jeannette ----personification21 …set like a dormer-window on the side of a bare, leprous hill…----- metaphor22. a steel stadium like a huge rattrap somewhere further down the line. ----simile23. They like it as it is: beside it, the Parthenon would no doubt offend them. ---- antonomasia (换称：专有名词指代一般名词) or allusion 24. When it has taken on the patina of the mills it is the color of an egg long past all hope or caring. ----metaphor25. It is as if some titanic and aberrant genius, uncompromisingly inimical to man, had devoted all the ingenuity of Hell to the making of them. ----hyperbole; irony26. Such ghastly designs, it must be obvious, give a genuine delight to acertain type of mind. ----synecdoche (提喻)27. Thus I suspect (though confessedly without knowing) that the vast majority of the honest folk of Westmoreland county, and especially the 100% Americans among them, actually admire the houses they live in, and are proud of them. -----irony; sarcasm28. It is incredible that mere ignorance should have achieved such master pieces of horror. ---ironyLesson81.One speaks of”human relations”and one means the most inhuman relations,those between alienated automatons;one speaks of happiness and means the perfect routinization which has driven out the last doubt and all spontaneity.—parallelismLesson91. In the streets between houses with red roofs and painted walls,between old moss-grown gardens and under avenues of trees,past great parks and public buildings,processions.—periodic sentence2.The air of morning was so clear that the snow still crowning the Eighteen Peaks burned with white-gold fire across the miles of sunlit air,under the dark blue of the sky.—metaphor3.In the silence of the broad green meadows one could hear the music winding through the city streets,farther and nearer and ever approaching,acheerful faint sweetness of the air that from time to time trembled and gathered together and broke out into the great joyous clanging of the bells.—periodic sentence4.Some of them understand why,and some do not,but they all understand that their happiness,the beauty of their city,the tenderness of their friendships,the health of their children,the wisdom of their scholars,the skill of their makers,even the abundance of their harvest and the kindly weathers of their skies,depend wholly on this child’s abominable misery.—parallel construction5.Indeed,after so long it would probably be wretched without walls about it to protect it ,and darkness for its eyes,and its own excrement to sit in.—parallel constructionLesson101.The slightest mention of the decade brings nostalgic recollections to the middle-aged and curious questionings by the young:memories of the deliciously illicit thrill of the first visit to a speakeasy,of the brave denunciationg of Puritan morality,and of the fashionable experimentations in amour in the parked sedan on a country road;questions about the naughty,jazzy parties,the flask-toting”sheik”,and the moral and stylistic vagaries of the “flapper”and the “drug-store cowboy”.—transferred epithet2.Second,in the United States it was reluctantly realized bysome—subconsciously if not openly—that our country was no longer isolated in either politics or tradition and that we had reached an international stature that would forever prevent us from retreating behind the artificial walls of a provincial morality or the geographical protection of our two bordering oceans.—metaphor3.War or no war,as the generations passed,it became increasingly difficult for our young people to accept standards of behavior that bore no relationship to the bustling business medium in which they were expected to battle for success.—metaphor4.The war acted merely as a catalytic agent in this breakdown of the Victorian social structure,and by precipitating our young people into a pattern of mass murder it released their inhibited violent energies which,after the shooting was over,were turned in both Europe and America to the destruction of an obsolescent nineteenth century society.—metaphor5.The prolonged stalemate of 1915-1916,the increasing insolence of Germany toward the United States,and our official reluctance to declare our status as a belligerent were intolerable to many of our idealistic citizens,and with typical American adventurousness enhanced somewhat by the strenuous jingoism of Theodore Roosevelt,our young men began to enlist under foreign flags.—metonymy6.Their energies had been whipped up and their naivete destroyed by thewar and now,in sleepy Gopher Prairies all over the country,they were being asked to curb those energies and resume the pose of self-deceiving Victorian innocence that they now felt to be as outmoded as the notion that their fighting had”made the world safe for democracy”.—metaphor 7.After the war,it was only natural that hopeful young writers,their minds and pens inflamed against war,Babbittry,and”Puritanical”gentility,should flock to the traditional artistic center(where living was still cheap in 19) to pour out their new-found creative strength,to tear down the old world, to flout ht morality of their grandfathers,and to give all to art,love,and sensation.—metonymy ,synecdoche8.Younger brothers and sisters of the war generation,who had been playing with marbles and dolls during the battles of Belleau Wood and Chateau-Thierry, and who had suffered no real disillusionment or sense of loss,now began to imitate the manners of their elders and play with the toys of vulgar rebellion.—metaphor9.These defects would disappear if only creative art were allowed to show the way to better things,but since the country was blind and deaf to everything save the glint and ring of the dollar,there was little remedy for the sensitive mind but to emigrate to Europe where”they do things better.”—personification,metonymy ,synecdocheLesson111.This is because there are fewer fanatical believers among theEnglish,and at the same time,below the noisy arguments,the abuse and the quarrels,there is a reservoir of instinctive fellow-feeling,not yet exhausted though it may not be filling up.—metaphor2.But there are not may of these men,either on the board or the shop floor,and they are certainly not typical English.—metaphor3.Some cancer in their character has eaten away their Englishness.—metaphor4. A further necessary demand,to feed the monster with higher and higher figures and larger and larger profits,is for enormous advertising campaigns and brigades of razor-keen salesmen.—metaphor5.It is a battle that is being fought in the minds of the English.It is between Admass, which has already conquered most of the Western world,and Englishness, ailing and impoverished,in no position to receive vast subsidies of dollars,francs,Deutschmarks and the rest,for public relations and advertising campaigns.—personification6.Against this,at least superficially, Englishness seems a poor shadowy show—a faint pencil sketch beside a poster in full color –belonging as it really does to the invisible inner world,merely offering states of mind in place of that rich variety of things.But then while things are important,states of mind are even more important.—metaphor7.It must have some moral capital to draw upon,and soon it may be asking for an overdraft.—metaphor8.Bewildered,they grope and mess around because they have fallen between two stools,the old harsh discipline having vanished and the essential new self-discipline either not understood or thought to be out of reach.—metaphor9.Recognized political parties are repertory companies staging ghostly campaigns,and all that is real between them is the arrangement by which one set of chaps take their turn at ministerial jobs while the other pretend to be astounded and shocked and bring in talk of ruin.—metaphor 10.Englishness cannot be fed with the east wind of a narrow rationality,the latest figures of profit and loss,a constant appeal to self-interest.—metaphor11.And this is true,whether they are wearing bowler hats or ungovernable mops of hair.—metonymyLesson121.When it did,I like many a writer before me upon the discovery that his props have all been knocked out from under him,suffered a species of breakdown ad was carried off to the mountains of Switzerland.—metaphor2.There, in that absolutely alabaster landscape armed with two Bessie Smith records and a typewriter I began to try to recreate the life that I had first known as a child and from which I had spent so many years in flight.—metaphor3.Once I was able to accept my role—as distinguished,I must say,from my”place”—in the extraordinary drama which is America,I was released from the illusion that I hated America.—metaphor4.It is not meant,of course,to imply that it happens to them all,for Europe can be very crippling too;and,anyway,a writer,when he has made his first breakthrough,has simply won a crucial skirmish in a dangerous,unending and unpredictable battle.—metaphor5.Whatever the Europeans may actually think of artists,they have killed enough of them off by now to know that they are as real—and as persist—as rain,snow,taxes or businessmen.—simile6.In this endeavor to wed the vision of the Old World with that of the New,it is the writer,not the statesman,who is our strongest arm.—metaphorLesson131.I am asked whether I know that there exists a worldwide movement for the absolution of capital punishment which has every where enlisted able men of every profession,including the law.I am told that the death penalty is not only inhuman but also unscientific,for rapists and murderers are really sick people who should be cured,not killed.I am invited to use my imagination and acknowledge the unbearable horror of every form of execution.—parataxis2.Under such a law,a natural selection would operate to removepermanently from the scene persons who,let us say,neglect argument in favor of banging on the desk with their shoe.—metonymyLesson141.A market for knowingness exists in New York that doesn’t exist for knowledge.—paregmenon2.The condescending view from the fiftieth floor of the city’s crowds below cuts these people off from humanity.—transferred epithet3.So much of well-to-do America now lives antiseptically in enclaves,tranquil and luxurious,that shut out the world.—synecdoche,metaphor。

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