Linux系统和Unix系统介绍

Which UNIX?
• SunOS Sun Microsystems
• IRIX
Silicon Graphics
• HP-UX Hewlett Packard
• Linux For IBM PC compatibles
There are a number of certification bodies with published standards and test suites to ensure quality of products. Such as;
• Help! • Running Programs • Exercise
History of UNIX/Linux? .
• Unix operating system was developed around 1969 in the Bell Labs
• Originally written using C • Around 1990 Linus Torvalds of Helsinki University
• File System • Process Management
UNIX Shells
• sh Bourne Shell (Original Shell) (Steven Bourne of AT&T) • bash Bourne Again Shell (GNU Improved Bourne Shell) • csh C-Shell (C-like Syntax)(Bill Joy of Univ. of California) • ksh Korn-Shell (Bourne+some C-shell)(David Korn of AT&T) • tcsh Turbo C-Shell (More User Friendly C-Shell).
Introduction to Linux on Iceberg
• What are UNIX and Linux? • The Shell • Getting Connected • Basic UNIX/Linux Commands
– Working with Directories – Editing files
You can switch from one shell to another by just typing the name of the shell. exit return you back to previous shell.
Linux and GNU
• Linux is an implementation of Unix • Linux/Unix operating system is written in ‘C’ • Linux is not part of the GNU project but uses the same licensing
• Currently an experimental service • Available on campus only (or by using VPN from home) • One of the easiest ways of accessing services on
Iceberg • When a user is logged it presents menus for starting
– Fedora – SuSE – Redhat – Debian – Mandrake – Knoppix
passwords
• In normal linux environment the passwd command can be used to change the user passwords. However, because we manage passwords centrally this command will not work on iceberg.
• Posix: Portable Operating System Interface ( IEEE standard).
UNIX Internals (Simplified)
• Kernel
– Sy Interpreter – Programming language
agreements • Many of the linux utilities and tools are taken from the GNU
project. • There are many flavours of linux distributions. The mix of the
kernel (linux) with the utilities (GNU and other) and the installation procedure determine the flavour. Some of these are;
terminals and some applications on iceberg.
started off a freely available academic version of Unix • Linux is the Antidote to a microsoft dominated future
What is UNIX/Linux ?
• Multi-Tasking O/S • Multi-User O/S • Available on a range of Computers
• If you wish to change your iceberg password you will have to do this via a web interface at the following URL:
/cics/password
Accessing Iceberg Using Sun Global Desktop.