北京大学古典文献学 2009年考研试题
(NEW)中国语言文学系中国古典文献学基础历年考研真题汇编
B．神话 C．民间传说 D．笑话 14．古代民间文学中，童谣被看作是（ ）发布的政治预言。 A．天帝 B．荧惑星 C．启明星 D．北斗星 15．阿拉伯文是（ ）。 A．意音文字 B．音节文字 C．辅音文字 D．音位文字 16．现代英语中最不明显的语法范畴是（ ）。 A．数 B．性 C．时 D．态 17．下列不属于仿译词的是（ ）。 A．黑板
25．我国现存最早的书籍目录是 。
二、选择题（每题1分，共25分）
1．“诗人的职责不在于描述已发生的事，即按照可然律或必然律可能发 生的事。”这一观点出自（ ）一书。
A．锡德尼《为诗辩护》
B．贺拉斯《诗艺》
C．亚里斯多德《诗学》
D．雪莱《为诗辩护》 2．“花鸟缠绵，云雷发奋，弦泉幽咽，雪月孔明，诗不出此四境”这句 话出自（ ）。 A．《沧浪诗话》 B．《艺概》 C．《石林诗话》 D．《人间词话》 3．提出“战国之文既源于六艺，又谓多出于诗教”观点的论者是 （ ）。 A．刘师培 B．刘咸炘 C．章学诚 D．林传甲 4．唐代诗坛有“七绝圣手”、“诗家夫子”之称的诗人是（ ）。 A．李白 B．王维 C．李颀 D．王昌龄 5．鲁迅先生所说的能令人“忘怀得失，独存赏鉴”的一部古代小说是 （ ）。 A．《西游记》
21．《说文解字》：“祯，祥也，从示贞声。陟盈切。”这种注音方法是 ；《字汇》：“囵，音伦。”这种注音方法是 。
22．《庄子·秋水》：“于是焉，河伯始旋其面目，望洋向若而叹 曰……。”其中“望洋”的意思是 。
23．春秋战国之交，在我国历史上出现了以木星所在星次来纪年的纪年 法，称为 。
24．我国古代制作竹简的程序之一谓之 ，后多以此泛称缮成定本或 校刻付印。
四、标点下面一段古文，并把它译成现代汉语。（30分）
2009年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试北京卷文
5.用数字1, 2, 3, 4, 5组成的无重复数字的四位偶数的个数为2009年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（北京卷）数学（文史类）本试卷分第I 卷（选择题）和第n 卷（非选择题）两部分，第 至9页，共150分。
考试时间120分钟。
考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。
第I 卷（选择题共40 分）注意事项:1 •答第I 卷前，考生务必将答题卡上的姓名、准考证号用黑色字迹的签字笔填写，用 2B 铅笔将准考证号对应的信息点涂黑。
2 •每小题选出答案后，将答题卡上对应题目的答案选中涂满涂黑，黑度以盖住框内字 母为准，修改时用橡皮擦除干净。
在试卷上作答无效。
、本大题共8小题，每小题5分，共40分。
在每小题列出的四个选项中，选出符合题目 要求的一项。
3•若（1 • &）4 =a ^.2（a,b 为理数），则 a b -I 卷1至2页，第n 卷3 1.设集合 A ={X| -丄:x :::2 2}, B={xx 2 兰 1}，贝U AUB = C • {x| x :： 2}2.已知向量a=（1,0）,b 1B • {X| -了* 1}D • {x|1 乞 x ：： 2} 二（0,1）,c = ka b （k R ）, d = a - b,，如果 c 〃 d ，那么A . k =1且c 与d 同向B . k =1且c 与d 反向C . k = -1且c 与d 同向D . k = -1且c 与d 反向 A . 33 B . 29 C . 23 D . 194.为了得到函数y = lg 的图像，只需把函数 y = lg x 的图像上所有的点10 A .向左平移 3个单位长度，再向上平移 个单位长度B .向右平移 3个单位长度，再向上平移 个单位长度C .向左平移 3个单位长度，再向下平移 个单位长度D .向右平移 3个单位长度，再向下平移个单位长度7.若正四棱柱 ABCD -ABQD !的底面边长为1, A0与底面ABCD 成60°角，则AQ 到底面ABCD 的距离为A . 3B . 1C . ■ 2D . . 33 8 •设D 是正 P i P 2 P 3及其内部的点构成的集合，点 P o 是「\P 1P 2P 3的中心，若集合 S 二｛P|P D,| PR |_|PR |,i =1,2,3｝，则集合S 表示的平面区域是A .三角形区域B •四边形区域C .五边形区域D .六边形区域第n 卷(110分)注意事项：1 .用钢笔或圆珠笔将答案直接写在试卷上。
古典文献学考研试题
古典文献学考研试题中国古典文献学试题（附参考答案）试题一一、填空题（每空1分，计20分）1，文献一词最初具有两方面的含义，一是指___________，二是指___________。
2，据载，孔子在整理“五经”（即________、________、_______、_____、_____）方面贡献很大，也为后世文献整理树立了典范。
3，西汉_______和___________父子在文献学方面的突出贡献是遍校群书，编纂目录学著作《别录》和《七略》。
4，西晋之时，汲郡有著名的文献发掘事件，出土了战国时期的竹简若干，其所得竹简文献一般称___________。
5，现存最早的雕版印刷文献为唐咸通九年（868）刻印之___________。
6，文献学上所谓“三通”是指杜佑的____________、郑樵的__________和___________的《文献通考》。
7，清代考史三大家为钱大昕、王鸣盛和赵翼，分别著有___________、《十七史商榷》、___________等考史名著。
8，金石的“金”指___________；金文则指___________时期刻于其上的文字。
9，___________指搜集两种以上文献，按一定理念和体例编校并冠以一个总名的著作。
10，殷墟甲骨文的发现始自________年，绵延整个20世纪，为中国现代最重要的考古发现之一。
二、名词解释（每个4分，计20分）1，汗青；2，辑佚；3，四分法；4，线装；5，索引三，文献标点（本题计20分）1，试给下面一段文字添加现代标点（8分）：语曰有白头如新倾盖如故何则知与不知也故樊於期逃秦之燕藉荆轲首以奉丹事王奢去齐之魏临城自刭以却齐而存魏夫王奢樊於期非新于齐秦而故于燕魏也所以去二国死两君者行合于志而慕义无穷也是以苏秦不信于天下为燕尾生白圭战亡六城为魏取中山（邹阳《狱中上梁王书》）2，试改正下列标点错误，并简单说明修改依据（12分）：①，《论语》言子之所慎者。
2009年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试真题加答案
2009年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)Research on animal intelligence always makes me wonder just how smart humans are.1 the fruit-fly experiments described in Carl Zimmer‘s piece in the Science Times on Tuesday. Fruit flies who were taught to be smarter than the average fruit fly 2 to live shorter lives. This suggests that 3 bulbs burn longer, that there is an 4 in not being too terrifically bright.Intelligence, it 5 out, is a high-priced option. It takes more upkeep, burns more fuel and is slow 6 the starting line because it depends on learning — a gradual 7 — instead of instinct. Plenty of other species are able to learn, and one of the things they‘ve apparently learned is when to 8 .Is there an adaptive value to 9 intelligence? That‘s the question behind this new research. I like it. Instead of casting a wistful glance 10 at all the species we‘ve left in the dust I.Q.-wise, it implicitly asks what the real11 of our own intelligence might be. This is 12 the mind of every animal I‘ve ever met.Research on animal intelligence also makes me wonder what experiments animals would 13 on humans if they had the chance. Every cat with an owner, 14 , is running a small-scale study in operant conditioning. we believe that 15 animals ran the labs, they would test us to 16 the limits of our patience, our faithfulness, our memory for terrain. They would try to decide what intelligence in humans is really 17 , not merely how much of it there is. 18 , they would hope to study a 19 question: Are humans actually aware of the world they live in? 20 the results are inconclusive.1. [A] Suppose [B] Consider [C] Observe [D] Imagine2. [A] tended [B] feared [C] happened [D] threatened3. [A] thinner [B] stabler [C] lighter [D] dimmer4. [A] tendency [B] advantage [C] inclination [D] priority5. [A] insists on [B] sums up [C] turns out [D] puts forward6. [A] off [B] behind [C] over [D] along7. [A] incredible [B] spontaneous [C]inevitable [D] gradual8. [A] fight [B] doubt [C] stop [D] think19. [A] invisible [B] limited [C] indefinite [D] different10. [A] upward [B] forward [C] afterward [D] backward11. [A] features [B] influences [C] results [D] costs12. [A] outside [B] on [C] by [D] across13. [A] deliver [B] carry [C] perform [D] apply14. [A] by chance [B] in contrast [C] as usual [D] for instance15. [A] if [B] unless [C] as [D] lest16. [A] moderate [B] overcome [C] determine [D] reach17. [A] at [B] for [C] after [D] with18. [A] Above all [B] After all [C] However [D] Otherwise19. [A] fundamental [B] comprehensive [C] equivalent [D] hostile20. [A] By accident [B] In time [C] So far [D] Better stillSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points)Text1Habits are a funny thing. We reach for them mindlessly, setting our brains on auto-pilot and relaxing into the unconscious comfort of familiar routine. ―Not choice, but habit rules the unreflecting herd,‖ William Wordsworth said in the 19th century. In the ever-changing 21st century, even the word ―habit‖ carries a ne gative connotation.So it seems antithetical to talk about habits in the same context as creativity and innovation. But brain researchers have discovered that when we consciously develop new habits, we create parallel synaptic paths, and even entirely new brain cells, that can jump our trains of thought onto new, innovative tracks.But don‘t bother trying to kill off old habits; once those ruts of procedure are worn into the hippocampus, they‘re there to stay. Instead, the new habits we deliberately ingrain into ourselves create parallel pathways that can bypass those old roads.―The first thing needed for innovation is a fascination with wonder,‖ says Dawna Markova, author of ―The Open Mind‖ and an executive change consultant for Professional Thinking Part ners. ―But we are taught instead to ‗decide,‘ just as our president calls himself ‗the Decider.‘‖ She adds, however, that ―to decide is to kill off all possibilities but one. A good innovational thinker is always exploring the many other possibilities.‖A ll of us work through problems in ways of which we‘re unaware, she says. Researchers in the late 1960 covered that humans are born with the capacity to2approach challenges in four primary ways: analytically, procedurally, relationally (or collaboratively) and innovatively. At puberty, however, the brain shuts down half of that capacity, preserving only those modes of thought that have seemed most valuable during the first decade or so of life.The current emphasis on standardized testing highlights analysis and procedure, meaning that few of us inherently use our innovative and collaborative modes of thought. ―This breaks the major rule in the American belief system — that anyone can do anything,‖ explains M. J. Ryan, author of the 2006 book ―This Year I Will...‖ and Ms. Markova‘s business partner. ―That‘s a lie that we have perpetuated, and it fosters commonness. Knowing what you‘re good at and doing even more of it creates excellence.‖ This is where developing new habits comes in.21. The view of Wordsworth habit is claimed by beingA. casualB. familiarC. mechanicalD. changeable.22. The researchers have discovered that the formation of habit can beA. predictedB. regulatedC. tracedD. guided23.‖ ruts‖(in li ne one, paragraph 3) has closest meaning toA. tracksB. seriesC. characteristicsD. connections24. Ms. Markova‘s comments suggest that the practice of standard testing ? A, prevents new habits form being formedB, no longer emphasizes commonnessC, maintains the inherent American thinking modelD, complies with the American belief system25. Ryan most probably agree thatA. ideas are born of a relaxing mindB. innovativeness could be taughtC. decisiveness derives from fantastic ideasD. curiosity activates creative mindsText 2It is a wise father that knows his own child, but today a man can boost his paternal (fatherly) wisdom –or at least confirm that he‘s the kid‘s dad. All he needs to do is shell our $30 for paternity testing kit (PTK) at his local drugstore – and another $120 to get the results.More than 60,000 people have purchased the PTKs since they first become available without prescriptions last years, according to Doug Fog, chief operating officer of Identigene, which makes the over-the-counter kits. More than two dozen companies sell DNA tests Directly to the public , ranging in price from a few hundred dollars to more than $2500.3Among the most popular : paternity and kinship testing , which adopted children can use to find their biological relatives and latest rage a many passionate genealogists-and supports businesses that offer to search for a family‘s geographic roots .Most tests require collecting cells by webbing saliva in the mouth and sending it to the company for testing. All tests require a potential candidate with whom to compare DNA.But some observers are skeptical, ―There is a kind of false precision being hawked by people claiming they are doing ancestry testing,‖ says Trey Duster, a New York University sociologist. He notes that each individual has many ancestors-numbering in the hundreds just a few centuries back. Yet most ancestry testing only considers a single lineage, either the Y chromosome inherited through men in a father‘s line or mito chondrial DNA, which a passed down only from mothers. This DNA can reveal genetic information about only one or two ancestors, even though, for example, just three generations back people also have six other great-grandparents or, four generations back, 14 other great-great-grandparents.Critics also argue that commercial genetic testing is only as good as the reference collections to which a sample is compared. Databases used by some companies don‘t rely on data collected systematically but rather lump together information from different research projects. This means that a DNA database may differ depending on the company that processes the results. In addition, the computer programs a company uses to estimate relationships may be patented and not subject to peer review or outside evaluation.26.In paragraphs 1 and 2 , the text shows PTK‘s ___________.[A]easy availability[B]flexibility in pricing[C] successful promotion[D] popularity with households27. PTK is used to __________.[A]locate one‘s b irth place[B]promote genetic research[C] identify parent-child kinship[D] choose children for adoption28. Skeptical observers believe that ancestry testing fails to__________.[A]trace distant ancestors[B] rebuild reliable bloodlines[C] fully use genetic information[D] achieve the claimed accuracy29. In the last paragraph ,a problem commercial genetic testing faces is __________.4[A]disorganized data collection[B] overlapping database building30. An appropriate title for the text is most likely to be__________.[A]Fors and Againsts of DNA testing[B] DNA testing and It‘s problems[C]DNA testing outside the lab[D] lies behind DNA testingText 3The relationship between formal education and economic growth in poor countries is widely misunderstood by economists and politicians alike progress in both area is undoubtedly necessary for the social, political and intellectual development of these and all other societies; however, the conventional view that education should be one of the very highest priorities for promoting rapid economic development in poor countries is wrong. We are fortunate that is it, because new educational systems there and putting enough people through them to improve economic performance would require two or three generations. The findings of a research institution have consistently shown that workers in all countries can be trained on the job to achieve radical higher productivity and, as a result, radically higher standards of living.Ironically, the first evidence for this idea appeared in the United States. Not long ago, with the country entering a recessing and Japan at its pre-bubble peak. The U.S. workforce was derided as poorly educated and one of primary cause of the poor U.S. economic performance. Japan was, and remains, the global leader in automotive-assembly productivity. Yet the research revealed that the U.S. factories of Honda Nissan, and Toyota achieved about 95 percent of the productivity of their Japanese countere pants a result of the training that U.S. workers received on the job.More recently, while examing housing construction, the researchers discovered that illiterate, non-English- speaking Mexican workers in Houston, Texas, consistently met best-practice labor productivity standards despite the complexity of the building industry‘s work.What is the real relationship between education and economic development? We have to suspect that continuing economic growth promotes the development of education even when governments don‘t force it. After all, that‘s how education got started. When our ancestors were hunters and gatherers 10,000 years ago, they didn‘t have time to wonder much about anything besides finding food. Only when humanity began to get its food in a more productive way was there time for other things.As education improved, humanity‘s productivity potential, they could in turn afford more education. This increasingly high level of education is probably a necessary, but not a sufficient, condition for the complex political systems required by advanced5economic performance. Thus poor countries might not be able to escape their poverty traps without political changes that may be possible only with broader formal education. A lack of formal education, however, doesn‘t const rain the ability of the developing world‘s workforce to substantially improve productivity for the forested future. On the contrary, constraints on improving productivity explain why education isn‘t developing more quickly there than it is.31. The author holds in paragraph 1 that the important of education in poor countries ___________.[A] is subject groundless doubts[B] has fallen victim of bias[C] is conventional downgraded[D] has been overestimated32. It is stated in paragraph 1 that construction of a new education system __________.[A]challenges economists and politicians[B]takes efforts of generations[C] demands priority from the government[D] requires sufficient labor force33.A major difference between the Japanese and U.S workforces is that __________.[A] the Japanese workforce is better disciplined[B] the Japanese workforce is more productive[C]the U.S workforce has a better education[D] ]the U.S workforce is more organize34. The author quotes the example of our ancestors to show that education emerged __________.[A] when people had enough time[B] prior to better ways of finding food[C] when people on longer went hung[D] as a result of pressure on government35. According to the last paragraph , development of education __________.[A] results directly from competitive environments[B] does not depend on economic performance[C] follows improved productivity[D] cannot afford political changesText 4The most thoroughly studied in the history of the new world are the ministers and political leaders of seventeenth-century New England. According to the standard history of American philosophy, nowhere else in colonial America was ―So much6important attached to intellectual pursuits ‖ Accord ing to many books and articles, New England‘s leaders established the basic themes and preoccupations of an unfolding, dominant Puritan tradition in American intellectual life.To take this approach to the New Englanders normally mean to start with the Puritans‘ theological innovations and their distinctive ideas about the church-important subjects that we may not neglect. But in keeping with our examination of southern intellectual life, we may consider the original Puritans as carriers of European culture adjusting to New world circumstances. The New England colonies were the scenes of important episodes in the pursuit of widely understood ideals of civility and virtuosity.The early settlers of Massachusetts Bay included men of impressive education and influence in England. `Besides the ninety or so learned ministers who came to Massachusetts church in the decade after 1629,There were political leaders like John Winthrop, an educated gentleman, lawyer, and official of the Crown before he journeyed to Boston. There men wrote and published extensively, reaching both New World and Old World audiences, and giving New England an atmosphere of intellectual earnestness.We should not forget , however, that most New Englanders were less well educated. While few crafts men or farmers, let alone dependents and servants, left literary compositions to be analyzed, The in thinking often had a traditional superstitions quality. A tailor named John Dane, who emigrated in the late 1630s, left an account of his reasons for leaving England that is filled with signs. sexual confusion, economic frustrations , and religious hope-all name together in a decisive moment when he opened the Bible, told his father the first line he saw would settle his fate, and read th e magical words: ―come out from among them, touch no unclean thing , and I will be your God and you shall be my people.‖ One wonders what Dane thought of the careful sermons explaining the Bible that he heard in puritan churched.Mean while , many se ttles had slighter religious commitments than Dane‘s, as one clergyman learned in confronting folk along the coast who mocked that they had not come to the New world for religion . ―Our main end was to catch fish. ‖36. The author notes that in the seventeenth-century New England___________.[A] Puritan tradition dominated political life.[B] intellectual interests were encouraged.[C] Politics benefited much from intellectual endeavors.[D] intellectual pursuits enjoyed a liberal environment.37. It is suggested in paragraph 2 that New Englanders__________.[A] experienced a comparatively peaceful early history.[B] brought with them the culture of the Old World[C] paid little attention to southern intellectual life[D] were obsessed with religious innovations738. The early ministers and political leaders in Massachusetts Bay__________.[A] were famous in the New World for their writings[B] gained increasing importance in religious affairs[C] abandoned high positions before coming to the New World[D] created a new intellectual atmosphere in New England39. The story of John Dane shows that less well-educated New Englanders were often __________.[A] influenced by superstitions[B] troubled with religious beliefs[C] puzzled by church sermons[D] frustrated with family earnings40. The text suggests that early settlers in New England__________.[A] were mostly engaged in political activities[B] were motivated by an illusory prospect[C] came from different backgrounds.[D] left few formal records for later referencePart BDirections:Directions: In the following text, some sentences have been removed. For Questions (41-45), choose the most suitable one from the list A-G to fit into each of the numbered blank. There are two extra choices, which do not fit in any of the gaps. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)Coinciding with the groundbreaking theory of biological evolution proposed by British naturalist Charles Darwin in the 1860s, British social philosopher Herbert Spencer put forward his own theory of biological and cultural evolution. Spencer argued that all worldly phenomena, including human societies, changed over time, advancing toward perfection. 41.____________.American social scientist Lewis Henry Morgan introduced another theory of cultural evolution in the late 1800s. Morgan, along with Tylor, was one of the founders of modern anthropology. In his work, he attempted to show how all aspects of culture changed together in the evolution of societies.42._____________.In the early 1900s in North America, German-born American anthropologist Franz Boas developed a new theory of culture known as historical particularism. Historical particularism, which emphasized the uniqueness of all cultures, gave new direction to anthropology. 43._____________ .8Boas felt that the culture of any society must be understood as the result of a unique history and not as one of many cultures belonging to a broader evolutionary stage or type of culture. 44._______________.Historical particularism became a dominant approach to the study of culture in American anthropology, largely through the influence of many students of Boas. But a number of anthropologists in the early 1900s also rejected the particularist theory of culture in favor of diffusionism. Some attributed virtually every important cultural achievement to the inventions of a few, especially gifted peoples that, according to diffusionists, then spread to other cultures. 45.________________.Also in the early 1900s, French sociologist Émile Durkheim developed a theory of culture that would greatly influence anthropology. Durkheim proposed that religious beliefs functioned to reinforce social solidarity. An interest in the relationship between the function of society and culture—known as functionalism—became a major theme in European, and especially British, anthropology.[A] Other anthropologists believed that cultural innovations, such as inventions, had a single origin and passed from society to society. This theory was known as diffusionism.[B] In order to study particular cultures as completely as possible, Boas became skilled in linguistics, the study of languages, and in physical anthropology, the study of human biology and anatomy.[C] He argued that human evolution was characterized by a struggle he called the ―survival of the fittest,‖ in which weaker races and societies must eventu ally be replaced by stronger, more advanced races and societies.[D] They also focused on important rituals that appeared to preserve a people‘s social structure, such as initiation ceremonies that formally signify children‘s entrance into adulthood.[E] Thus, in his view, diverse aspects of culture, such as the structure of families, forms of marriage, categories of kinship, ownership of property, forms of government, technology, and systems of food production, all changed as societies evolved.[F]Supporters of the theory viewed as a collection of integrated parts that work together to keep a society functioning.[G] For example, British anthropologists Grafton Elliot Smith and W. J. Perry incorrectly suggested, on the basis of inadequate information, that farming, pottery9making, and metallurgy all originated in ancient Egypt and diffused throughout the world. In fact, all of these cultural developments occurred separately at different times in many parts of the world.Part CDirections:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written carefully on ANSWER SHEET 2. (10 points)There is a marked difference between the education which every one gets from living with others, and the deliberate educating of the young. In the former case the education is incidental; it is natural and important, but it is not the express reason of the association.46It may be said that the measure of the worth of any social institution is its effect in enlarging and improving experience; but this effect is not a part of its original motive. Religious associations began, for example, in the desire to secure the favor of overruling powers and to ward off evil influences; family life in the desire to gratify appetites and secure family perpetuity; systematic labor, for the most part, because of enslavement to others, etc. 47Only gradually was the by-product of the institution noted, and only more gradually still was this effect considered as a directive factor in the conduct of the institution. Even today, in our industrial life, apart from certain values of industriousness and thrift, the intellectual and emotional reaction of the forms of human association under which the world's work is carried on receives little attention as compared with physical output.But in dealing with the young, the fact of association itself as an immediate human fact, gains in importance.48 While it is easy to ignore in our contact with them the effect of our acts upon their disposition, it is not so easy as in dealing with adults. The need of training is too evident; the pressure to accomplish a change in their attitude and habits is too urgent to leave these consequences wholly out of account. 49Since our chief business with them is to enable them to share in a common life we cannot help considering whether or no we are forming the powers which will secure this ability.If humanity has made some headway in realizing that the ultimate value of every institution is its distinctively human effect we may well believe that this lesson has been learned largely through dealings with the young.50 We are thus led to distinguish, within the broad educational process which we have been so far considering, a more formal kind of education -- that of direct tuition or schooling. In undeveloped social groups, we find very little formal teaching and training. These groups mainly rely for instilling needed dispositions into the young upon the same sort of association which keeps the adults loyal to their group.Section & Writing10Part A51. Directions:Restrictions on the use of plastic bags have not been so successful in some regions. ―White pollution ‖is still going on. Write a letter to the editor(s) of your local newspaper to1)give your opinions briefly and2)make two or three suggestionsYou should write about 100 words. Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use "Li Ming" instead. You do not need to write the address.Part B52. Directions:In your essay, you should1) describe the drawing briefly,2) explain its intended meaning, and then3) give your comments.You should write neatly on ANSHWER SHEET 2. (20 points)11。
2009北京大学古代文学考研真题
2009北京大学古代文学考研真题2009北大考研古代文学试题一名词解释1.庄子天下篇2.丁卯集3.弹词4.新文体解释划线词句赏析全文泛颍我性喜临水，得颍意甚奇。
到官十日来，九日河之湄。
吏民相笑语，使君老而痴。
使君实不痴，流水有令姿。
绕郡十余里，不驶亦不迟。
上流直而清，下流曲而漪。
画船俯明镜，笑问汝为谁？忽然生鳞甲，乱我须与眉。
散为百东坡，顷刻复在兹。
此岂水薄相，与我相娱嬉。
同参天人师。
观妙各有得，共赋泛颍诗。
观妙各有得，共赋泛颍诗。
论述：1.《诗三百》的抒情艺术2.建安诗风对唐朝诗风影响的具体体现3.对比分析《西厢记》中崔莺莺和《牡丹亭》中杜丽娘的形象4.《水浒传》的叙事艺术09专业基础第一部分25个填空25个选择基础卷的部分填空和选择班固的汉书里，史记的别称是（）。
九歌有（）篇，最后一篇是（），是送神的曲。
介子推和传统节日（）有关。
“时有古今,地有南北,字有变革,音有转移”是（）在（）书里说的。
山海经属于四部中的（）部（）类。
下列哪个学说与柏拉图无关（）模仿；灵感；形象；--下列哪个属于康德的三大理性批判（）绝对理性；判断力；历史理性；纯粹理性下列哪个不属于吴方言区（）上海；苏州；昆山；南京08年去世的王元化先生在哪部著作里进行了中西--的比较（）文心雕龙创作论；--；--；--下列哪个是“用”的基本义（）使用；因为；--；--第二部分一，名词解释推恩令《<红楼梦>评论》（王国维）二，明人杨慎说：“唐人主情，去《三百篇》近；宋人主理，去《三百篇》却远。
”请你谈谈对这个问题的看法。
三，明代中后期反理学思潮的兴起和影响四，谈谈现代文学中的“故事新编”考研真题答题黄金攻略名师点评：认为只要专业课重点背会了，就能拿高分，是广大考生普遍存在的误区。
而学会答题方法才是专业课取得高分的关键。
(一)名词解释答题方法【考研名师答题方法点拨】名词解释最简单，最容易得分。
在复习的时候要把参考书中的核心概念和重点概念夯实。
北京大学1996-2009历年数学分析_考研真题试题
∫
b
a
f ( x) d x]2 ≤ (b − a ) ∫ f 2 ( x) d x 。
a
b
π −x
2
。
2.证明它的 Fourier 级数在 (0, 2π ) 内每一点上收敛于 f ( x) 。
北京大学 2001 年研究生入学考试试题
考试科目：数学分析 一、 （10 分）求极限： lim
a 2n 。 n →∞ 1 + a 2 n
f ( n ) ( x) 在 [ a, b ] 上一致收敛于 φ ( x)(n → +∞) ，求证： φ ( x) = ce x ， c 为常数。
四、 （15 分）设 xn > 0(= n 1, 2 ⋅⋅⋅) 及 lim xn = a ，用 ε − N 语言证明： lim
n →+∞
n →+∞
xn = a 。
北京大学 2002 年研究生入学考试试题
考试科目：数学分析 一、 （10 分）求极限： lim(
x →0 1 sin x 1−cos ) x。 x
二、 （10 分）设 α ≥ 0 ， = x1 并求极限值。
2 + a ， xn= +1
2 + xn ，= n 1, 2, ⋅⋅⋅ ，证明极限 lim xn 存在
五、 （15 分）求第二型曲面积分
∫∫ ( x d y d z + cos y d z d x + d x d y) ，其中 3; z 2 = 1 的外侧。
六、 （20 分）设 x = f (u , v) ， y = g (u , v) ，w = w( x, y ) 有二阶连续偏导数，满足
x→a + x →b −
北大古典文献学考研真题【名词解释全编】
北大中文1989古文献专业试题1．三通、九通 2.十驾斋养新录3．考信录 4.考据、义理5．别录、七略 6.影宋、覆宋7．史记三家注8.释事忘义9．不校校之10.审辞气北大中文1989古文献专业基础试题1．七略 2.右文3．四部 4.小令5．錯簡 6.監本7．平水韵8.四六文9．四書五經10.一條鞭法北大中文1991古文献专业试题1．解老喻老（4分） 2.以意逆志（2分）3．望文生訓（2分） 4.釋事忘義（3分）5．不校校之（3分） 6.版式（3分）7．讀若、讀曰、當為（6分）8.四部正訛（2分）9．讖緯（3分）10.尚書古文疏證（2分）北大中文1991古文献专业基础试题1．春秋外傳（2分） 2.以訓詁代本字(2分)3．史注二體（4分） 4.疏不破注（3分）5．二重證據法（3分） 6.互著，別裁（4分）7．覆宋、影宋（4分）8.玄學（3分）9．廣雅疏證（2分）10.七緯（3分）北大中文1992古文献专业基础试题1．錯簡 2.底本3．租庸調 4.三家詩5．黨錮之禍 6.九流十家7．六朝8.四書9．黃巾起義10.樂府古詩北大中文1993古文献专业试题伏生2、司马迁刘歆4、梅颐（赜）孔颖达6、朱熹7、阮元8、张元济北大中文1996古文献专业试题1．春秋内外傳 2.周官（2分）3．先鄭后鄭 4.底本之是非，立說之是非（4分）5．詩本義 6.玄學（3分）7．剩文、奪文8.一聲之轉（3分）9．疏不破注10.影宋本（3分）北大中文1996古文献专业基础试题簡答下列著作的著者或編者，成書的朝代（10分）楚辭章句 2.文選經典釋文4．一切經音義5.史通6.通典7．唐詩三百首8.古文觀止9.讀書雜誌簡明解釋下列詞語的内容要點，不作評論1．律賦 2.八股文3.十家九流4．三教九流5.六藝6.四書7．郡國8.花甲9.五行相生10安史之亂北大中文2002古文献专业试题1.离经释意2.影宋覆宋3.一声之转4.石渠奏议5.互训递训6.桐城派7.汲古阁8.五德终始9.三豕涉河10.三体石经写出著作的著者及其年代周易正义 2.书集传诗集传 4.诗三家义疏春秋左传诂 6.尔雅义疏7七经小传8. 潜夫论9.酉阳杂俎10.杜诗详注北大中文2002古文献专业基础试题1.祓禊2.四库全书3.次韵4.三家分晋5.郭店楚简6.三舍法7.庙号8.祠禄9.安史之乱10.三省六部写出下列人物的著作王应麟王引之钱大昕刘向洪迈刘知几司马光王夫之阮元北大中文2003古文献专业试题1.理校2.大题小题3.刊成不统4.中秘书5.疏不破注6.始一终亥7.轻唇音8.顾广圻9.十驾斋养心录10.元典章校勘释例北大中文2003古文献专业基础试题1.博士弟子2.三统历3.安史之乱4.门阀士族5.九流十家6.四库全书7.居延汉简8.三辅9.五行10.类书北大中文2004古文献专业试题1.鱼尾2、七志3、七录4、汲古阁5、殿本6、不校校之7、汲冢书8、史志目录9、一声之转10、蝴蝶装11、六艺12、天一阁13、七略写出下列古籍著述者十三经注疏 2.文选六臣注3.史记三家注北大中文2004古文献专业基础试题1、传记博士2、三公九卿3、古文运动4、五声八音5、宛述6、七科谪7、祆教8、三正9、正始石经10、叶音11、敦煌遗书12、孤平拗救13、五服写出下列著作作者、朝代，有注疏的也要写出（26分）1、《樊川诗集注》2、《孟子正义》3、《楚辞集注》4、《申鉴》5、《华阳国志》6、《天下郡国利病书》7、《古文四声韵》8、《六书音韵表》9、《新论》10、《广宏明集》11、《册府元龟》12、《洛阳伽蓝记》13、《剑南诗稿》北大中文2005古文献专业试题1.刘向2.九品官人制3.二重证据法4.续修四库5.日知录6.永乐大典7.百衲本8.丛书北大中文2005古文献专业基础试题一、写出著作的著者及其年代1.白虎通义2.后汉书3.直斋书录解题4.诗古微5.唐音癸籖6.广雅疏证7.九家集注杜诗8.建炎以来系年要录9.夷坚志10.唐诗别裁集11.古文辞类篡12.乐府诗集13.玉海14.说苑二、名词解释1.九品中正2.党锢之祸3.科制4.墨辨5.秘阁6.古本竹书纪年7.宋明理学8.改土归流9.九流十家10.四书五经北大中文2006古文献专业基础试题一、寫出下列古籍的編著者及其時代1.春秋繁露2.山帶閣注楚辭3.水經注4.獨斷5.詩序辯說6.河岳英靈集7.桯史8.抱樸子9.三朝北盟會編10一切經音義11顏氏家訓12容齋隨筆13詩本義14唐音癸籤15郡齋讀書志二、名詞解釋1.《七略》2.讖緯3.類書4.會要5.《曲禮》6.十三經7.租庸調8.涵芬樓9.三省六部10.天干地支寫出下列古籍的編著者及其時代1.经韵楼丛书2.粤雅堂丛书3.文选楼丛书4.雅雨堂丛书北大中文2007古文献专业试题1.校雠學2.轉注3. 叶音說4.右文說5.影宋覆宋6..乾嘉考據學7.二重證據法8.郭店楚簡北大中文2007古文献专业基础试题名词解释1.谥号2.经折装3.平水韵4.玄武门之变5.元祐党争6.台谏写出朝代作者1.广弘眀集2.十七史商榷3.香草校书4.十六国春秋5.韩诗外传 6 .杜诗详注7.万首唐人绝句8.诗人玉屑9.经义述闻北大中文2009古文献专业基础试题1、名词解释1.居延汉简2.辨伪学3.征辟4.平水韵5.理校6.藩刻本7.《七略》8.三体石经9.《经典释文》，2、写时代及作者1.《玉海》2.《国史经籍志》3.《史略》4.《集古录》5.《尚书古文疏证》6.《辍耕录》7.《紫微诗话》8.《少室山房笔丛》北大中文2009古文献专业试题一、名词解释1.《周髀算经》2.天一阁3.十通4.他校5.《春秋左传旧注疏证》6.义训7.银雀山汉简8.旋风装9.《史记》三家注10避讳二、时代及作者1.《带经堂诗话》2.《中国近三百年学术史》3.《五代会典》4.《辍耕录》5.《玉函山房辑佚书》6.《史略》7.《楚辞通故》8.《孟子章句》9.《桓子新论》10.《玉海》11.《铁琴铜剑楼藏书目录》北大中文2010古文献专业基础试题一、名词解释1.丛书2.金石学3.百衲本4.六艺5.六义6.乙转7.如字8.《困学纪闻》9.《中经新簿》10.宫内厅书陵部二、写著作时代及作者1.《读书敏求记》2.《诗本义》3.《风俗通义》4.《孟子章句》5.《逸雅》6.《酉阳杂俎》7.《龙龛手鉴》8.《学林》9.《毛诗古音考》10.《义门读书记》北大中文2010古文献专业试题一、名词解释1.科斗文2.皕宋楼3.覆刻本4.阙文5.千顷堂书目6.正始石经7.类书8.校雠通义9.谶纬10.汲冢书二、写著作时代及作者1.流沙坠简2.说文答问3.周礼汉读考4.匡谬正俗5.毛诗草木鸟兽虫鱼疏6.春秋左传诂7.论语义疏8.小学绀珠9.滹南遗老集10.楚辞章句北大中文2011古文献专业试题名词解释（50分）1.以意逆志2.等韵3.递修本4.辟雍5.彖传6.古逸丛书7.乾嘉学派8.孔壁书9.宋监本10.义疏二、写出下列著作的作者及年代1.《古今书录》2.《十七史商榷》3.《五经异义》4.《挥麈录》5.《集古录》6.《三代吉金文存》7.《藏园群书经眼录》7.《清朝续文献通考》8.《春秋左氏经传集解》。
北大古典文献学考研真题【考博历史文化真题汇编】
【北大考博历史文化真题汇编】北大中文2111年博士生古典文献专业古代歷史文化考試科目：古代歷史文化（不分導師）一、名詞解釋。
（3分×10）1.藩府本2.鐵琴銅劍樓3.四始六義4.九品中正制5.改土歸流6.貢生7.凌廷堪8.內藤湖南9.《永樂大典戲文三種》10.李約瑟二、寫出下列作品的作者及其生活的朝代。
（1分×10）古文辭類纂廿二史考異楚辭章句新語佩文韻府六經正誤四六談麈折獄龜鑒臺海使槎錄（缺一個，疑是《墨子閒詁》）三、問答題。
（20分×2）1.列舉五本清代以前及清代重要的《論語》研究著述，并說明其主要內容、特點。
2.近年來出土了一批新的簡帛材料，談談其對學術研究的重要價值。
四、標點并翻譯。
（20分）昔者齐景公问于晏子曰：‘吾欲观于转附、朝儛，遵海而南，放于琅邪。
吾何修而可以比于先王观也？’晏子对曰：‘善哉问也！天子适诸侯曰巡狩，巡狩者巡所守也；诸侯朝于天子曰述职，述职者述所职也。
无非事者。
春省耕而补不足，秋省敛而助不给。
夏谚曰：“吾王不游，吾何以休？吾王不豫，吾何以助？一游一豫，为诸侯度。
”今也不然：师行而粮食，饥者弗食，劳者弗息。
睊睊胥谗，民乃作慝。
方命虐民，饮食若流。
流连荒亡，为诸侯忧。
从流下而忘反谓之流，从流上而忘反谓之连，从兽无厌谓之荒，乐酒无厌谓之亡。
先王无流连之乐，荒亡之行。
惟君所行也。
’景公说，大戒于国，出舍于郊。
于是始兴发补不足。
召大师曰：‘为我作君臣相说之乐！’盖《征招》、《角招》是也。
其诗曰：‘畜君何尤？’畜君者，好君也。
”《孟子•梁惠王下》北大中文2009博士生古典文献专业古代歷史文化一、名詞解釋（2分*10個）四始六義、麻沙本、六書、靜嘉堂文庫、武威漢簡、因声求义、载记、校勘四法二、寫作者及時代增補元史藝文志、文淵閣書目、五燈會元、唐音癸籤、四書賸言、校勘學釋例、刊正九经三传沿革例三、簡答題（三選二，30%）1、新出土簡帛文獻對古籍整理研究的影響。
2009年历史学考研真题及参考答案
2009年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试历史学试题一、单项选择题1．下列人物中，辅佐商汤灭夏的是A．伊尹 B．傅说 C．皋陶 D．姜尚答案A。
本题目属于考试大纲中“中国古代史”的第二章“夏商西周”的“商族的起源”。
相对比较容易。
我们这本复习资料的有关表述是“成汤灭夏”：“汤以伊尹为相，励精图治。
……‘汤武革命’，推翻了夏，建立商。
”本题若不能直奔主题，那么，姜尚辅助武王灭商的历史事件考生当能明了，排除了此一选项，则可在A、B、C中三选一。
由此看来，考生对重要人物参与的历史上重要事件要提纲挈领地了然于胸。
可以使用“关键词”记忆法，如：伊尹辅助商汤灭夏；姜尚(姜太公、太公望、吕尚、吕望)辅助武王灭商；傅说被商王武丁任命为大臣，治理国政；皋陶，传说中东夷族首领，被舜任命为掌管刑法的官，后被禹选为继承人，因早死未就位。
2．东汉末年发动黄巾起义的民间教派是A．五斗米道 B．太平道 C．天师道 D．太一道答案B。
本题考的是东汉末农民起义和古代文化知识 (宗教：道教、民间教派)。
在考试大纲中属于“中国古代史”的第四章“秦汉”中的“秦汉的农民起义”。
我们这本复习资料的有关表述是“黄巾大起义”：“东汉末农民大起义，利用太平道准备和组织起义。
”这是一场利用宗教形式的农民大起义，为腐朽的东汉王朝的最终毁灭创造了条件。
五斗米道是道教各派中创立最早的一派(即正一道)。
张道陵创立，主要在农民中传播，入道者须出五斗米，故名。
因道教徒尊张道陵为“天师”，故又称“天师道”，民间故事中常有“张天师捉妖”之说。
东汉末，张鲁领导的五斗米道与张角领导的太平道，是农民起义的旗帜。
太一道，金初创立，因传“太一三元法篆之术”而得名。
师传徒承，均从萧姓，七传后渐衰。
3．宋代民谚“苏湖熟、天下足”中的“苏湖”指今天的A．苏州和湖州 B．江苏和湖北 C．苏州和芜湖 D．江苏和湖南答案A。
本题属于考试大纲“中国古代史”第七章“宋辽西夏金元”的“宋代经济的繁荣”。
北京大学中国语言文学系中国古典文献学专业考博参考书-考博分数线-专业课真题
北京大学中国语言文学系中国古典文献学专业考博参考书-考博分数线-专业课真题一、专业的设置北京大学中国语言文学系共招生48人，其中含直博生10人。
自2015年起实行”申请-考核制“招生。
共分为8个专业，分别为文艺学、语言学及应用语言学、汉语言文字学、中国古典文献学、中国古代文学、中国现当代文学、比较文学与世界文学、中国语言文学（中国民间文学）。
二、招生专业及人数招生专业：中国古典文献学（050104）研究方向指导教师考试科目备注01.古文献学三、导师介绍北京大学在招生目录中并没有提供导师名单。
育明教育考博分校解析：考博如果能够提前联系导师的话，不论是在备考信息的获取，还是在复试的过程中，都会有极大的帮助，甚至是决定性的帮助。
育明教育考博分校经过这些年的积淀可以协助学员考生联系以上导师。
四、参考书目（推荐）专业课信息应当包括一下几方面的内容：第一，关于参考书和资料的使用。
这一点考生可以咨询往届的博士学长，也可以和育明考博联系。
参考书是理论知识建立所需的载体，如何从参考书抓取核心书目，从核心书目中遴选出重点章节常考的考点，如何高效的研读参考书、建立参考书框架，如何灵活运用参考书中的知识内容来答题，是考生复习的第一阶段最需完成的任务。
另外，考博资料获取、复习经验可咨询叩叩：捌九叁，二肆壹，二二六，专业知识的来源也不能局限于对参考书的研读，整个的备考当中考生还需要阅读大量的paper，读哪一些、怎么去读、读完之后应该怎么做，这些也会直接影响到考生的分数。
第二，专题信息汇总整理。
每一位考生在复习专业课的最后阶段都应当进行专题总结，专题的来源一方面是度历年真题考点的针对性遴选，另一方面是导师研究课题。
最后一方面是专业前沿问题。
每一个专题都应当建立详尽的知识体系，做到专题知识点全覆盖。
第三，专业真题及解析。
专业课的试题都是论述题，答案的开放性比较强。
一般每门专业课都有有三道大题，考试时间各3小时，一般会有十几页答题纸。
北京大学古典文献学 2009年考研试题
2009年北京大学古典文献学考研试卷专业一：古文献学一、名词解释：40分《周髀算经》，天一阁，十通，他校，《春秋左传旧注疏证》，义训，银雀山汉简，旋风装，《史记》三家注，避讳。
二、写出下列书籍的著述时代及作者：10分《带经堂诗话》，《中国近三百年学术史》，《五代会典》，《辍耕录》，《玉函山房辑佚书》，《史略》，《楚辞通故》，《孟子章句》，《铁琴铜剑楼藏书目录》，《桓子新论》。
三、祭仲曰：“都城过百雉，国之害也。
先王之制：大都不过叁国之一，中五之一，小九之一。
今京不度，非制也，君将不堪。
”请你谈谈春秋时期都城规模制度的特点：20分四、从史志目录看中国古籍的分类和演变：25分五、论述清代辨伪学成就及特点：25分六、用现代汉语标点下列一段话，并结合文本谈谈你对礼的理解：30分人道经纬万端，规矩无所不贯，诱进以仁义，束缚以刑罚，故德厚者位尊，禄重者宠荣，所以总一海内而整齐万民也。
人体安驾乘，为之金舆错衡以繁其饰；目好五色，为之黼黻文章以表其能；耳乐钟磬，为之调谐八音以荡其心；口甘五味，为之庶羞酸咸以致其美；情好珍善，为之琢磨圭璧以通其意。
故大路越席，皮弁布裳，朱弦洞越，大羹玄酒，所以防其淫侈，救其彫敝。
是以君臣朝廷尊卑贵贱之序，下及黎庶车舆衣服宫室饮食嫁娶丧祭之分，事有宜適，物有节文。
仲尼曰：“禘自既灌而往者，吾不欲观之矣。
”（二三子注：本段选自司马迁《史记》卷二十三《礼书第一》，原文无标点，且中间穿插三家注《集解》、《正义》、《索隐》的注释。
）四废按：第六题文本引自北大中文论坛，由二三子提供。
专业二：古文献学专业基础一、大综合：填空25分+选择25分，从略。
二、专业基础：1、名词解释：40分居延汉简，辨伪学，征辟，平水韵，理校，藩刻本，《七略》，三体石经，《经典释文》。
以上，缺一个。
2、写出下列书籍的著作时代及作者：10分《玉海》，《国史经籍志》，《集古录》，《尚书古文疏证》，《紫微堂诗话》，《少室山房笔丛》。
精编版-2009考研历史学真题及答案
2009考研历史学真题及答案一、单项选择题：1-20小题，每小题2分，共40分。
1.下列人物中，辅佐商汤灭夏的是A.伊尹B.傅说C.皋陶D.姜尚【答案】A2.东汉末年发动黄巾起义的民间教派是A.五斗米道B.太平道C.天师道D.太一道【答案】B3.宋代民谚“苏湖熟、天下足”中的“苏湖”指今天的A.苏州和湖州B.江苏和湖北c.苏州和芜湖 D.江苏和湖南【答案】A4.元朝派驻路府州县的监临官称为A.札鲁忽赤B.达鲁花赤C.必阁赤D.探马赤【答案】B5.编纂《明儒学案》并创立学案体史学体裁的学者是A.王夫之B.王鸣盛C.钱大昕D.黄宗羲【答案】D6.中国近代民族资本家中，最早在所属企业中推行泰勒“科学管理法”的是A.刘鸿生B.范旭东C.穆藕初D.荣宗敬【答案】C7.中国近代第一位驻外公使是A.崇厚B.郭嵩焘C.何如璋D.陈兰彬【答案】B8.1912--1927年间中华民国的国旗是A.十八星旗B.五色旗C.井字旗D.青天白日旗【答案】B9.民国年间京剧“四大名旦”是A.梅兰芳程砚秋李世芳尚小云B.梅兰芳程砚秋王瑶卿张君秋C.梅兰芳程砚秋苟慧生尚小云D.悔兰芳程砚秋荀慧生张君秋【答案】C10.1961 中共八届九中全会通过的国民经济调整方针是A.凋整、改革、巩固、提高B.调整、巩固、充实、提高c.调整、改革、充实、提高D.凋整、充实、发展、提高【答案】B11.下列世界古代文学作品中，哪一部不是史诗作品?A.《摩诃婆罗多》B.《伊利亚特》c.《埃涅阿斯记》 D.《俄狄浦斯王》【答案】D12.在中国古代典籍中，古波斯宗教领袖琐罗亚斯德创立的宗教被称为A.祆教B.摩尼教C.景教D.一赐乐业教【答案】A13.中世纪实行“索贡巡行”赋税征收形式的国家是A.德里苏丹B.基辅罗斯C.奥斯曼D.保加尔汗【答案】B14.“赋敛轻薄，徭税俭省。
各安世业，俱佃口分。
假种王田，六税其一。
”这段反映印度戒日帝国时期土地和赋税制度的史料出自A.法显《佛国记》B.义净《南海寄归内法传》c.慧立、彦惊《大慈恩寺三藏法师传》D.玄奘《大唐西域记》【答案】D15.中世纪西欧学校开设的主要课程为七种自由艺术，简称“七艺”..它们是A.文法、绘画、雕塑、算术、几何、天文、音乐B.文法、修辞、逻辑、算术、儿何、天文、音乐c.文法、修辞、逻辑、算术、绘画、雕塑、音乐D.文法、绘画、修辞、算术、几何、天文、音乐【答案】Bl 6.文艺复兴时期，米开朋基罗作于罗马西斯廷教堂墙壁上的祭坛画是A.《西斯廷圣母》B.《末日审判》C.《最后的晚餐》D.《圣母与圣子》【答案】B17.1 838年向南非开普敦殖民地附近的祖鲁人发动进攻，最终占领其大部分领土的是A.比利时人B.法国人C.布尔人D.西班牙人【答案】C18.1893年德国制定了连结小亚细亚、直抵波斯湾的铁路修建计划，被称为A.“3R”计划B.“3B”计划C.“3c”计划D.“3P”计划【答案】B19.当代科技革命的主要理论依据是A.控制论、相对论、系统论B.相对论、信息论、系统论C.控制论、信息论、系统论D.相对论、控制论、信息论【答案】C20.戴高乐主义的根本立足点是A.缓和、均势、联盟B.实现欧洲联合C.同东欧各国关系正常化D.新东方政策【答案】B二、名词解释：21～28小题，每小题10分，共80分。
北京大学2009年中国古代文学考研试题综述
古代文学考研试题2北京大学2009年中国古代文学考研试题古代文学专业一、名词解释：《庄子·天下》丁卯集弹词“新文体”二、解释诗歌划线的句子并赏析（两首诗选一）泛颍苏轼我性喜临水，得颍意甚奇。
到官十日来，九日河之湄。
吏民笑相语，使君老而痴。
使君实不痴，流水有令姿。
绕郡十余里，不驶亦不迟。
上流直而清，下流曲而漪。
画船俯明镜，笑问汝为谁。
忽然生鳞甲，乱我须与眉。
散为百东坡，顷刻复在兹。
此岂水薄相，与我相娱嬉。
声色与臭味，颠倒眩小儿。
等是儿戏物，水中少磷淄。
赵陈两欧阳，同参天人师。
观妙各有得，共赋泛颍诗。
过白岸亭诗谢灵运拂衣遵沙垣，缓步入蓬屋。
近涧涓密石，远山映疏木。
空翠难强名，渔钓易为曲。
援萝临青崖，春心自相属。
交交止栩黄，呦呦食萍鹿。
伤彼人百哀，嘉尔承筐乐。
荣悴迭去来，穷通成休慽。
未若长疏散，万事恒抱朴。
三、“诗三百”的抒情艺术。
四、建安诗风对唐代诗人影响的具体表现。
五、比较《西厢记》中崔莺莺和《牡丹亭》中杜丽娘的形象。
六、《水浒传》的叙事艺术。
古代文学专业基础第一部分25个填空班固的汉书里，史记的别称是（）。
九歌有（）篇，最后一篇是（），是送神的曲。
介子推和传统节日（）有关。
“时有古今，地有南北，字有变革，音有转移”是（）在（）书里说的。
山海经属于四部中的（）部（）类。
25个选择（题目太多，没记得下来几个，故略之，见谅）下列哪个学说与柏拉图无关（）模仿；灵感；形象；--下列哪个属于康德的三大理性批判（）绝对理性；判断力；历史理性；纯粹理性下列哪个不属于吴方言区（）上海；苏州；昆山；南京08年去世的王元化先生在哪部著作里进行了中西--的比较（）文心雕龙创作论；--；--；--下列哪个是“用”的基本义（）使用；因为；--；--第二部分一，名词解释：推恩令《<红楼梦>评论》（王国维）二，明人杨慎说：“唐人主情，去《三百篇》近；宋人主理，去《三百篇》却远。
”请你谈谈对这个问题的看法。
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2009年北京大学古典文献学考研试卷
专业一：古文献学
一、名词解释：40分
《周髀算经》，天一阁，十通，他校，《春秋左传旧注疏证》，义训，银雀山汉简，旋风装，《史记》三家注，避讳。
二、写出下列书籍的著述时代及作者：10分
《带经堂诗话》，《中国近三百年学术史》，《五代会典》，《辍耕录》，《玉函山房辑佚书》，《史略》，《楚辞通故》，《孟子章句》，《铁琴铜剑楼藏书目录》，《桓子新论》。
三、祭仲曰：“都城过百雉，国之害也。
先王之制：大都不过叁国之一，中五之一，小九之一。
今京不度，非制也，君将不堪。
”请你谈谈春秋时期都城规模制度的特点：20分
四、从史志目录看中国古籍的分类和演变：25分
五、论述清代辨伪学成就及特点：25分
六、用现代汉语标点下列一段话，并结合文本谈谈你对礼的理解：30分
人道经纬万端，规矩无所不贯，诱进以仁义，束缚以刑罚，故德厚者位尊，禄重者宠荣，所以总一海内而整齐万民也。
人体安驾乘，为之金舆错衡以繁其饰；目好五色，为之黼黻文章以表其能；耳乐钟磬，为之调谐八音以荡其心；口甘五味，为之庶羞酸咸以致其美；情好珍善，为之琢磨圭璧以通其意。
故大路越席，皮弁布裳，朱弦洞越，大羹玄酒，所以防其淫侈，救其彫敝。
是以君臣朝廷尊卑贵贱之序，下及黎庶车舆衣服宫室饮食嫁娶丧祭之分，事有宜適，物有节文。
仲尼曰：“禘自既灌而往者，吾不欲观之矣。
”
（二三子注：本段选自司马迁《史记》卷二十三《礼书第一》，原文无标点，且中间穿插三家注《集解》、《正义》、《索隐》的注释。
）
四废按：第六题文本引自北大中文论坛，由二三子提供。
专业二：古文献学专业基础
一、大综合：填空25分+选择25分，从略。
二、专业基础：
1、名词解释：40分
居延汉简，辨伪学，征辟，平水韵，理校，藩刻本，《七略》，三体石经，《经典释文》。
以上，缺一个。
2、写出下列书籍的著作时代及作者：10分
《玉海》，《国史经籍志》，《集古录》，《尚书古文疏证》，《紫微堂诗话》，《少室山房笔丛》。
以上，缺四个。
3、标点下列古诗的平仄及韵脚：10分
风劲角弓鸣，将军猎渭城。
草枯鹰眼疾，雪尽马蹄轻。
忽过新丰市，还归细柳营。
回看射雕处，千里暮云平。
4、什么是“十翼”？并说明其具体内容。
20分
5、标点并翻译：20分
郑伯使许大夫百里奉许叔以居许东偏曰天祸许国鬼神实不逞于许君而假手于我寡人寡人唯是一二父兄不能共亿其敢以许自为功乎寡人有弟不能和协而使糊其口於四方其况能久有许乎吾子其奉许叔以抚柔此民也吾将使获也佐吾子若寡人得没于地天其以礼悔祸于许无宁兹许公复奉其社稷唯我郑国之有请谒焉如旧婚媾其能降以相从也无滋他族实逼处此以与我郑国争此土也吾子孙其覆亡之不暇而况能禋祀许乎寡人之使吾子处此不唯许国之为亦聊以固吾圉也及使公孙获处许西偏曰凡而器用财贿无寘於许我死乃亟去之吾先君新邑於此王室而既卑矣周之子孙日失其序夫许大岳之胤也天而既厌周德矣吾其能与许争乎君子谓郑庄公於是乎有礼礼经国家定社稷序民人利後嗣者也许无刑而伐之服而舍之度德而处之量力而行之相时而动无累後人可谓知礼矣。