河南省天一大联考高一生物上学期阶段性测试B卷(一)(扫描版)

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河南省天一大联考2024年高考生物二模试卷含解析

河南省天一大联考2024年高考生物二模试卷含解析

河南省天一大联考2024年高考生物二模试卷请考生注意:1.请用2B铅笔将选择题答案涂填在答题纸相应位置上,请用0.5毫米及以上黑色字迹的钢笔或签字笔将主观题的答案写在答题纸相应的答题区内。

写在试题卷、草稿纸上均无效。

2.答题前,认真阅读答题纸上的《注意事项》,按规定答题。

一、选择题:(共6小题,每小题6分,共36分。

每小题只有一个选项符合题目要求)1.下列有关生物变异的说法,错误的是()A.基因重组导致杂合子Aa自交后代出现性状分离B.基因重组所产生的新基因型不一定会表达为新的表现型C.染色体上DNA中碱基对的替换、缺失、增添不一定引起基因突变D.减数分裂过程中姐妹染色单体上基因不同,可能是基因突变或交叉互换2.人在正常情况下保持70次/min左右的心率,当看到恐怖画面时,产生害怕的感觉同时心率加快。

图是心脏运动调节的部分示意图,图中A为大脑相应功能区,①一⑧代表相关神经纤维,箭头表示兴奋传导方向。

有关叙述错误的是()A.①所在神经元的细胞体位于脑干B.脑干中有控制心脏和血管运动的神经中枢C.①—③过程与心脏节律运动有关D.看到恐怖画面引起心率加快属于条件反射3.有关“转基因猴”、“ 克隆猴”和“试管猴”的说法合理的是()A.三种猴都继承了双亲的优良性状B.三种猴培育过程都体现了细胞核的全能性C.三种猴培育过程都应用了动物细胞培养技术和胚胎移植技术D.为提高繁殖效率三者都可采用原肠胚期的胚胎进行胚胎分割4.下列关于细胞器的结构和功能的叙述,错误的是A.光面内质网向内与核膜相连B.溶酶体中的水解酶由内质网上的核糖体合成C.白色体是贮存脂质和淀粉的场所D.线粒体外膜和内膜之间充满了液态的基质5.经调查,某生态系统中Y、X、Z分别为第一、第二和第三营养级,每个营养级不同物种的个体数量如下图甲所示(图中每一柱条代表一个物种)。

一段时间后个体数量发生变化,结果如下左图乙所示。

下列叙述正确的是A.X营养级的生物被捕食的压力明显增加B.Z营养级生物个体数量的增加是由捕食对象专一引起的C.Y营养级生物个体数量的变化是由于捕食者对捕食对象有选择的结果D.X营养级的生物之间存在明显的竞争关系,且其中某种生物处于竞争劣势6.灰沼狸生活在南非,营集群生活。

河南省天一大联考2021-2022学年高一上学期阶段性测试(一)英语Word版含答案

河南省天一大联考2021-2022学年高一上学期阶段性测试(一)英语Word版含答案

绝密★启用前天一大联考2021-2022学年高一年级阶段性测试(一)英语考生注意:1.答题前,考生务必将自己的姓名、考生号填写在试卷和答题卡上,并将考生号条形码粘贴在答题卡上的指定位置。

2.回答选择题时,选出每小题答案后,用铅笔把答题卡对应题目的答案标号涂黑。

如需改动,用橡皮擦干净后,再选涂其他答案标号。

回答非选择题时,将答案写在答题卡上。

写在本试卷上无效。

3.考试结束后,将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。

第一部分听力(共两节,满分30分)做题时,先将答案标在试卷上,录音内容结束后,你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。

第一节(共5小题;每小题1.5分,满分7.5分)听下面5段对话,每段对话后有一个小题。

从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项,并标在试卷的相应位置。

听完每段对话后,你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。

每段对话仅读一遍。

例: How much is the shirt?A.£19.15.B.£9.18.C.£9.15.答案是C。

1.What keeps the woman’s husband and son in good shape?A. Eating less.B. Taking exercise.C. A healthy diet.2. What is the woman speaker going to do?A. Go camping.B. Go shopping.C. Go swimming.3. Why does the man suggest changing the place of the meeting?A. To save money.B. To hold more people.C. To improve the environment.4. Where did the woman last see the man’s wallet?A. On the bus.B. In his jacket.C. In a restaurant.5.How will Mary get home?A. By bus.B. By car.C. On foot.第二节(共15小题,每小题1.5分,满分22.5分)听下面5段对话或独白。

2023-2024学年河南天一大联考高一生物第一学期期末调研试题含解析

2023-2024学年河南天一大联考高一生物第一学期期末调研试题含解析

2023-2024学年河南天一大联考高一生物第一学期期末调研试题注意事项:1.答卷前,考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号、考场号和座位号填写在试题卷和答题卡上。

用2B铅笔将试卷类型(B)填涂在答题卡相应位置上。

将条形码粘贴在答题卡右上角"条形码粘贴处"。

2.作答选择题时,选出每小题答案后,用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目选项的答案信息点涂黑;如需改动,用橡皮擦干净后,再选涂其他答案。

答案不能答在试题卷上。

3.非选择题必须用黑色字迹的钢笔或签字笔作答,答案必须写在答题卡各题目指定区域内相应位置上;如需改动,先划掉原来的答案,然后再写上新答案;不准使用铅笔和涂改液。

不按以上要求作答无效。

4.考生必须保证答题卡的整洁。

考试结束后,请将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。

一、选择题(本大题共7小题,每小题6分,共42分。

)1.下列有关显微镜的使用操作与目的不相符的是( )A.转动转换器——换用不同放大倍数的物镜B.调节细准焦螺旋——调节视野中物像的清晰度C.调节光圈——调节视野的大小D.调节反光镜——调节视野的明暗2.关于细胞结构与功能的叙述,正确的是A.心肌细胞中的线粒体数量较多,与细胞消耗能量较多有关B.核仁控制蛋白质的合成,是细胞遗传和代谢的控制中心C.核膜上的核孔有利于DNA和RNA从细胞核进入细胞质D.正常生理状态下溶酶体对自身机体的细胞结构无分解作用3.据报道,科学家在治疗“甲流”病人时,曾将病愈个体的血清注入一部分患者体内,有效地发挥了治疗作用,其中的有效成分是抗体。

抗体的化学本质属于()A.脂质B.糖类C.蛋白质D.核酸4.下列有关蛋白质和核酸的叙述,正确的是A.组成蛋白质的氨基酸有20种,组成核酸的碱基有4种B.蛋白质和多肽的主要区别在于蛋白质分子空间结构更复杂C.某一物质分子式为C55H70O19N10S2,这种物质最有可能是核酸D.DNA的基本组成单位是核糖核苷酸5.下列结构或物质的组成成分中,一定不含..核糖的是()A.线粒体B.核糖体C.糖原 D.酶6.科学家常用哺乳动物红细胞作材料来研究细胞膜的组成,是因为A.哺乳动物红细胞容易得到B.哺乳动物成熟的红细胞内没有核膜、线粒体膜等膜结构C.哺乳动物红细胞大D.哺乳动物红细胞的细胞膜在光学显微镜下容易观察到7.下列有关真核生物和原核生物的叙述中,错误的是()A.蓝藻和水绵细胞中都含有核糖体B.大肠杆菌属于原核生物,它与酵母菌都有细胞质C.破伤风杆菌和叶肉细胞都有染色体和DNAD.念珠藻属于原核生物,含有酶和ATP8.(10分)下列关于膜的叙述,错误的是()A.生物膜的组成成分只有蛋白质、脂质B.生物膜中的大多数蛋白质分子和全部的磷脂分子是可以运动的C.生物膜上蛋白质的种类和数量越多,生物膜的功能就越复杂D.细胞膜上与细胞识别有关的物质是糖蛋白二、非选择题9.(10分)图A为某生物体细胞有丝分裂示意图,图B表示在一个细胞周期(G1、S、G2组成分裂间期,M为分裂期)中的细胞核内DNA含量的变化曲线;图C表示处于一个细胞周期中各个时期细胞数目的变化(用特殊的方法在一个培养基中测得的),请据图作答:图A表示的是______(填“动物”或“植物”)细胞有丝分裂的______期,此期细胞中有______条染色体。

河南省天一大联考2021-2022学年高一上学期阶段性测试(一) 语文评分细则

河南省天一大联考2021-2022学年高一上学期阶段性测试(一) 语文评分细则

天一大联考2021—2022学年高一年级阶段性测试(一)语文·评分细则6.每点2分,意思对即可。

第①点中“瓶颈”问题说成“结构性矛盾”“短板”也可给分。

第②点若写材料二最后一段中“各地各部门应从根本上认识职业教育的重要性,加强宏观统筹,将职业教育发展纳入经济社会发展的整体规划,为全面建设社会主义现代化国家提供有力人才保障”,只给1分。

第③点若写材料三最后一段中“职业学校要坚持德技并修、育训结合,完善产教融合办学体制,创新校企合作办学机制,不断加强职业教育国际交流合作。

鼓励职业院校更多开设符合市场需求的紧缺专业,提升职业教育就业对口率”,也可给分。

答成发展职业教育意义的不给分。

8.每点2分,意思对即可。

第①点关键词“人生的总结”“高尚精神的赞美”各1分。

第②点关键词“善良”“热情”“乐观”“奉献”。

第③点关键词“不畏艰险”“意志坚强”“敢于担当”。

若考生笼统答光明欢乐与黑暗痛楚的关系,合理的可给1分。

9.每点2分,意思对即可。

第①点关键词“主人公的年龄”“美好的青春”各1分。

第②点关键词“军人本色”“不畏艰险”“守边奉献”,关键词包含在答案中即可。

第③点关键词“十八岁时牺牲”1分,“精神永垂不朽”1分,关键词包含在答案中即可。

若从结构上强调贯穿全文的线索,可给1分。

14.每小题4分,其中译出大意给2分;关键词每个1分。

第一句中,“叱”可翻译成“呵斥、训斥”;“行”使动用法,翻译成“让……去”,若“叱去”翻译为“生气地离开”“骂着走”等不给分。

第二句中,“异故”翻译成“特殊情况”错误;“广”翻译成“扩大”,或使动用法“使……扩大”也可,若翻译为“广大的”不给分。

还要注意句子大意不出偏差,句意分一般不给0分。

第一句中,“不肯”的主语是张唐,“安能”翻译成“为什么”错误,句意要适当扣1到2分。

第二句中,“相欺”翻译成“欺负他国”错误,句意要适当扣1到2分。

16.本诗中关键信息“遭受天灾的苦难”“民生的艰辛”“对广大劳动人民的同情”各1分。

2024届天一大联考高三毕业班阶段性测试物理核心考点试题(一)(基础必刷)

2024届天一大联考高三毕业班阶段性测试物理核心考点试题(一)(基础必刷)

2024届天一大联考高三毕业班阶段性测试物理核心考点试题(一)(基础必刷)一、单项选择题(本题包含8小题,每小题4分,共32分。

在每小题给出的四个选项中,只有一项是符合题目要求的)(共8题)第(1)题图甲所示装置可以利用光导纤维将室外自然光引入采光不好的室内。

图乙为某种光导纤维的一小段,该光导纤维呈圆柱状,由纤芯和包层构成,其中MN为光导纤维的直径,在纤芯与包层的分界面发生全反射的临界角。

现一束细光从右端面中点以的入射角射入,光在纤芯与包层的界面恰好发生全反射,则该光导纤维中纤芯的折射率为( )A.B.C.D.第(2)题下列关于教材中的四幅插图说法正确的是( )A.图甲是显微镜下三颗小炭粒的运动位置连线图,连线表示小炭粒的运动轨迹B.图乙是某材料制作的细管竖直插入水中的情景,证明水浸润该材料C.图丙是一定质量的理想气体在不同温度下的两条等温线,则D.图丁中一只水黾能停在水面上,是浮力作用的结果第(3)题均匀带电的球壳在球外空间产生的电场等效于电荷集中于球心处产生的电场。

如图所示,在半球面AB。

上均匀分布正电荷,总电荷量为q,球面半径为R,CD为通过半球顶点与球心O的轴线,在轴线上有M、N两点,。

已知M点的场强大小为,则N点的场强大小为( )A.B.C.D.第(4)题单镜头反光相机简称单反相机,它用一块放置在镜头与感光部件之间的透明平面镜把来自镜头的图像投射到对焦屏上。

对焦屏上的图像通过五棱镜的反射进入人眼中。

如图为单反照相机取景器的示意图,ABCDE为五棱镜的一个截面,AB⊥BC。

一束红光垂直AB射入,分别在CD和EA上发生全反射,且两次全反射的入射角相等,最后光线垂直BC射出。

则( )A.红光从空气进入五棱镜后传播速度变大B.若将红光改为绿光,则在EA上不能发生全反射C.若将红光改为白光,则人眼通过BC观察到彩色光束D.该五棱镜对红光的折射率最小值是第(5)题如图所示,从左往右看,各线圈在匀强磁场中绕轴匀速顺时针转动,从图示位置开始计时,设电流从2流出线圈为正方向,能产生图甲所示交变电流的是( )A.线圈平面与磁场垂直B.线圈平面与磁场平行C.线圈平而与磁场垂直D.线圈平面与磁场平行第(6)题下列单位属于国际单位制中基本单位的是( )A.牛顿B.米C.米/秒D.米/秒2第(7)题某一平行板电容器,其一个极板带+5.4×10-3C电量,另一极板带-5.4×10-3C电量,电容器两极板间电压为450V,则该电容器的电容值为A.2.4×10-5FB.1.2×10-5FC.8.3×104FD.4.2×104F第(8)题如图所示,某电动工具置于水平地面上。

2020届河南省天一大联考高三上学期阶段性测试(二) 生物

2020届河南省天一大联考高三上学期阶段性测试(二)  生物

绝密★启用前天一大联考 2019-2020学年高中毕业班阶段性测试(二)生物考生注意:1.答题前,考生务必将自己的姓名、考生号填写在试卷和答题卡上,并将考生号条形码粘贴在答题卡上的指定位置。

2.回答选择题时,选出每小题答案后,用铅笔把答题卡对应题目的答案标号涂黑。

如需改动,用橡皮擦干净后,再选涂其他答案标号。

回答非选择题时,将答案写在答题卡上。

写在本试卷上无效。

3.考试结束后,将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。

一、选择题:本题共25小题,每小题2分,共50分。

在每小题给出的四个选项中,只有一项是符合题目要求的。

1.下列有关病毒的叙述,正确的是A.烟草花叶病毒的增殖可以不依赖宿主细胞B.乙型肝炎病毒的蛋白质在自身核糖体上合成C.T2噬菌体的遗传物质由核糖核苷酸组成D.病毒的组成元素一般有C、H、0、N、P2.蛋白质变性主要是由于蛋白质分子的特定空间结构被破坏,导致其生物活性丧失的现象。

下列有关分析正确的是A.变性的蛋白质容易被蛋白酶水解B.蛋白质的变性一般是可逆的生理过程C.变性的蛋白质不能与双缩脲试剂发生反应D.蛋白质空间结构的改变必将导致生物活性的丧失3.下列有关细胞中RNA的叙述,正确的是①细胞核中RNA合成时需要解旋酶②RNA存在于细胞核和细胞质中③细胞质中的遗传物质是RNA④少数RNA能降低化学反应的活化能⑤tRNA具有识别密码子和转运氨基酸的功能A.①②③B.①③④C.②④⑤D.③④⑤4.“囊泡”在细胞中来回穿梭,囊泡上的蛋白质会与目标细胞膜上的特定蛋白质发生结合,从而让囊泡可以在正确的位置上释放其所运载的特殊“分子货物”。

下列有关囊泡运输的叙述,错误的是A.可形成囊泡的细胞结构有内质网、高尔基体和细胞膜B.通过囊泡运输的“分子货物”都是大分子物质,且需要消耗能量C.分泌蛋白从细胞内排出细胞外的过程中,实现了细胞膜成分的更新D.通过囊泡实现物质的定向运输依赖于蛋白质之间的特异性识别和结合5.核糖体和线粒体是真核细胞内普遍存在的两种细胞器,下列有关叙述正确的是A.核糖体含憐脂,能参与蛋白质的合成B.多个核糖体才可共同合成一条多肽链C.在线粒体内膜上能发生[H]与02结合并释放能量D.在线粒体基质中丙酮酸可被分解成酒精和C026.下图为几种物质进出某哺乳动物细胞膜的示意图,甲侧为细胞膜的外侧,图中膜两侧“® • *”的多少代表对应物质的相对浓度。

【天一大联考】2017-2018学年高一年级阶段性测试(一)生物试题(含答案)(201711)

【天一大联考】2017-2018学年高一年级阶段性测试(一)生物试题(含答案)(201711)

【天一大联考】2017-2018学年高一年级阶段性测试(一)生物试题(含答案)(201711)绝密☆启前用天一大联考2017-2018学年高一年级阶段性测试(一)生物一、选择题:本题共20小题,每小题2分,共40分。

在每小题给出的四个选项中,只有一项是符合题目要求的。

1.下列有关生命和生命系统的说法,错误的是A.金鱼和金鱼藻具有的生命系统结构层次不完全相同B.HIV、乳酸菌和草履虫都属于个体层次C.培养皿中的大肠杆菌菌落属于种群层次D.人工合成了具有活性的蛋白质,不意味着人工制造了生命2.下列有关蓝藻和黑藻的比较,错误的是A.蓝藻细胞内没有染色体,黑藻细胞内有染色体B.蓝藻细胞内只有一种细胞器,黑藻细胞内有多种细胞器C.蓝藻细胞内只有一种核酸,黑藻细胞内有两种核酸D.蓝藻和黑藻都含有叶绿素,都是能进行光合作用的自养生物3.阿斯巴甜是一种人造甜味剂,其甜度约为蔗糖的200倍。

阿斯巴甜的分子结构式如图中c所示,其合成所需的主要原料是a和b。

下列说法错误的是A.用于合成阿斯巴甜的主要原料a和b都属于氨基酸B.—分子a和一分子b脱水缩合形成的二肽中含有1个氨基、2个羧基C.阿斯巴甜不属于糖类,可作为糖尿病患者食品的甜味剂D.将一分子XXX的肽键水解,可得到一分子a和一分子b4.现有两个姑且装片,材料划分取自菜青虫和卷心菜,在显微镜下对这两个装片进行观察。

以下观察成效和对应的判别,错误的有①若发觉细胞中含有叶绿体,可判别该细胞来自卷心菜②若发觉细胞中不含叶绿体,可判别该细胞来自菜靑虫③若发觉细胞中含有纤维素,可判别该细胞来自卷心菜④若发觉细胞中含有中央体,可判别该细胞来自菜靑虫A.0个B.1个C.2个D.3个5.建立于19世纪的细胞学说,是自然科学史上的一座丰碑。

①—④为细胞学说建立和发展过程中的重大事件,正确的时间排序是①德国科学家XXX提出“细胞是构成动物体的基本单元”②英国科学家XXX用显微镜观察植物的木栓组织,发现“小室”,并把“小室”命名为“细胞”③比利时的XXX通过大量的尸体剖解,揭露了人体在器官程度的布局A.③②④①B.②③①④C.②③④①D.③②①④6.下列关于组成人体细胞的主要元素及化合物的叙述,错误的是A.人体细胞干重中含量最多的元素,在地壳中的含量并不是最多的B.人体活细胞中含量最多的元素,其在细胞鲜重中所占的百分比比其他元素的总和还要多C.细胞干重中含量最多的化合物,一定含有的元素为C、H。

2024届河南省天一大联考高三上学期阶段性测试(一)全真演练物理试题

2024届河南省天一大联考高三上学期阶段性测试(一)全真演练物理试题

2024届河南省天一大联考高三上学期阶段性测试(一)全真演练物理试题一、单选题:本题共7小题,每小题4分,共28分 (共7题)第(1)题如图所示,导电物质为电子的霍尔元件位于两串联线圈之间,线圈中电流为I,线圈间产生匀强磁场,磁感应强度大小B与I成正比,方向垂直于霍尔元件的两侧面,此时通过霍尔元件的电流为,与其前、后表面相连的电压表测出的霍尔电压满足,式中k为霍尔系数,与霍尔元件的材料有关,d为霍尔元件沿磁场方向上的厚度,霍尔元件的电阻可以忽略不计,则( )A.霍尔元件前表面的电势比后表面的低B.若电源的正、负极对调,电压表指针偏转方向不变C.与I成反比D.电压表的示数与电流I成正比第(2)题物理学家通过对实验的深入观察和研究,获得正确的科学认知,推动物理学的发展。

下列说法符合事实的是( )A.普朗克提出了光子说,成功地解释了光电效应现象B.卢瑟福用α粒子轰击获得反冲核,发现了中子C.玻尔的原子理论成功地解释了氢原子光谱的实验规律D.贝克勒尔通过对天然放射现象的研究,发现了原子中存在原子核第(3)题如图所示,两物块之间连接一个处于拉伸状态的轻弹簧,静止于水平粗糙木板上。

现将整体自由下落,可观察到的现象是( )A.两物块相对木板静止B.两物块相对木板运动且彼此靠近C.质量大的物块相对木板静止,质量小的物块靠近质量大的物块D.质量小的物块相对木板静止,质量大的物块靠近质量小的物块第(4)题如图所示,边长为a,电阻为R的正方形导线框PQMN进入磁感应强度为B的匀强磁场。

图示位置线框速度大小为v,此时( )A.NM间电势差等于NP间电势差B.线框中电流大小为C.线框所受安培力大小为D.线框所受安培力方向与运动方向相反第(5)题图是可用来制作豆腐的石磨。

木柄静止时,连接的轻绳处于绷紧状态。

O点是三根轻绳的结点,F、和分别表示三根绳的拉力大小,且。

下列关系式正确的是( )A.B .C .D .第(6)题嫦娥五号探测器是我国首个实施月面采样返回的航天器,由轨道器、返回器、着陆器和上升器等多个部分组成。

2024届河南省天一大联考高三上学期阶段性测试(一)物理试题

2024届河南省天一大联考高三上学期阶段性测试(一)物理试题

2024届河南省天一大联考高三上学期阶段性测试(一)物理试题一、单选题 (共6题)第(1)题过去几千年来,人类对行星的认识与研究仅限于太阳系内,行星“51 peg b”的发现拉开了研究太阳系外行星的序幕。

“51 peg b”绕其中心恒星做匀速圆周运动,周期约为4天,轨道半径约为地球绕太阳运动半径为,该中心恒星与太阳的质量比约为()A.B.1C.5D.10第(2)题如图,一水平轻质弹簧的左端固定在竖直墙壁上,右端与一小物块相连,刚开始物块静止且弹簧处于原长状态,现对物块施加一个水平向右的拉力F使物块向右做匀加速直线运动。

弹簧始终处于弹性限度内,物块与水平地面间的动摩擦因数恒定,不计空气阻力。

下列关于拉力F随物块位移x变化的图像正确的是( )A.B.C.D.第(3)题滑块以一定的初速度沿倾角为,动摩擦因数为的粗糙斜面从底端上滑,到达最高点B后返回到底端,A点为途中的一点。

利用频闪仪分别对上滑和下滑过程进行拍摄,频闪照片示意图分别如图甲、乙所示。

若滑块与斜面间动摩擦因数处处相同,不计空气阻力。

对比甲、乙两图,下列说法正确的是( )A.滑块上滑和返回过程的运动时间相等B.滑块运动加速度大小之比为C.滑块过A点时的速度大小之比为D.第(4)题如图所示,静止在粗糙水平地面上的木箱内,一质量为的铁球以初速度向左壁运动,来回碰撞几次后停下来,若箱子始终保持静止,则整个过程中( )A.铁球对箱子的冲量为零B.铁球和箱子受到的冲量大小相等C.箱子对铁球的冲量为,方向水平向左D.地面摩擦力对箱子的冲量为,方向水平向右第(5)题波源位于坐标原点的一列简谐横波沿着轴的正方向传播,、、是介质中的三个质点,已知质点的振动周期,时刻振动正好传播到质点,时刻的波形图如图所示,根据图像所提供的信息来判断下列说法正确的是( )A.该简谐波的波速为0.5m/sB.波源的起振方向沿轴的负方向C.质点已振动的时间D.时刻,质点的回复力小于质点的回复力第(6)题核的衰变方程为,下列说法正确的是( )A.X是中子B.X是电子C.X是核的核外电子D.升高温度可以加快的衰变二、多选题 (共4题)第(1)题2020年11月6日,我国成功发射全球首颗6G试验地球卫星,卫星的轨道半径的三次方与其周期的二次方的关系图像如图所示。

2020~2021学年河南省天一大联考高二上学期阶段性测试(一)生物试题及答案解析

2020~2021学年河南省天一大联考高二上学期阶段性测试(一)生物试题及答案解析

绝密★启用前河南省天一大联考2020~2021学年高二年级上学期阶段性测试(一)生物试题考生注意:1.答题前考生务必将自己的姓名、考生号填写在试卷和答题卡上,并将考生号条形码粘贴在答题卡上的指定位置。

2.回答选择题时,选出每小题答案后,用铅笔把答题卡对应题目的答案标号涂黑。

如需改动,用橡皮擦干净后,再选涂其他答案标号。

回答非选择题时,将答案写在答题卡上。

写在本试卷上无效。

3.考试结束后,将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。

一、选择题:本题共25小题,每小题2分,共50分。

在每小题给出的四个选项中,只有一项是符合题目要求的。

1.下列属于内环境成分的是A.RNA聚合酶B.血红蛋白C.血清球蛋白D.唾液淀粉酶2.神经细胞生活的内环境是A.血浆B.组织液C.淋巴D.细胞内液3.血浆中有大量的水,下列不是血浆中水的直接来源的是A.血细胞B.组织液C.淋巴D.消化液4.服用葡萄糖酸锌口服液可以补锌。

葡萄糖酸锌最先到达的人体内环境成分是A.胃液B.组织液C.血浆D.细胞内液5.如图为甲、乙、丙、丁四种体液及它们之间相互关系的示意图,下列相关叙述正确的是A.甲为细胞内液,丁为血浆B.甲、乙、丙、丁之间都能够直接相互转化C.正常情况下,乙、丙、丁的成分和理化性质保持不变D.外界环境中的氧气通过内环境被细胞利用6.下列选项描述的变化属于人体内环境理化性质改变的是A.喝了果醋后胃液pH下降B.感冒发烧,细胞外液温度上升C.进食过咸的食物导致口腔上皮细胞皱缩D.一次性喝水过多,导致尿液增加,尿液渗透压下降7.如图为正常人体细胞与内环境之间物质交换的示意图,①②③④表示人体内的体液成分。

据图判断,下列叙述正确的是A.剧烈运动产生的乳酸会导致①的pH显著下降B.②中含有葡萄糖、尿素、纤维素等物质C.与③相比,①中含有较多的蛋白质D.淋巴细胞直接生活的环境只有②8.已知5%葡萄糖溶液的渗透压与动物血浆渗透压基本相同,5%葡萄糖溶液常作为静脉注射的溶液。

河南省天一大联考2022-2023学年高一上学期阶段性测试(一)英语试题

河南省天一大联考2022-2023学年高一上学期阶段性测试(一)英语试题

河南省天一大联考2022-2023学年高一上学期阶段性测试(一)英语试题学校:___________姓名:___________班级:___________考号:___________一、阅读理解Endangered Wildlife of Malaysian BorneoMay 2023—4 days********************************************************************** information.Day 1: Arrive into SepilokWelcome to Borneo! You will be met upon arrival at Sandakan airport and then go to Sepilok Nature Resort. In the evening, your guest expert and guide Charles Ryan will give a talk on the trip ahead and then you can enjoy a welcome meal together. After dinner, head out for a night walk in the thick rainforest to search for wildlife(野生动物)active at night.Day 2: Sepilok Orangutang Rehabilitation CentreStart early for a pre-breakfast birdwatching walk. Return to the lodge for breakfast and walk the short distance from the resort to the Sepilok Orangutang Rehabilitation Centre. In the afternoon,head out to the Rainforest Discovery Centre. In the evening, Charles will give talks about the day’s finds. He will also help you improve your skills to take pictures.Day 3: River Safaris and Sustainable FarmingThere will be an early wakeup call today for coffee and tea, before searching for wildlife. You will finish at the village of Abai for breakfast at one of the houses. Afterwards, visit a forest restoration site, see the effect that it has on wildlife and have an opportunity to plant some trees.After returning by boat to the lodge for lunch, we will take another river trip in search of more wildlife.Day 4: Bornean Sun Bear Conservation CentreAfter breakfast, leave for the Bornean Sun Bear Conservation Centre, where you will be given a private tour of the centre by the founder of the centre, Dr Wong. The sun bear is the smallest bear species(物种) in the world. Afterwards,go to an early lunch at San Da Gen Kopitiam. At night, you can walk to search for some wild animals in the forest.1.What can visitors do early on the second day?A.Enjoy a welcome meal.B.Watch wild birds.C.Make coffee by themselves.D.Learn to plant trees.2.What do activities on Day 1 and Day 4 have in common?A.Visitors have to take an early lunch.B.Visitors search for wild animals at night.C.Visitors watch the world’s smallest bear.D.Visitors wake up early for coffee and tea. 3.On which day do visitors eat at a local house?A.Day 1.B.Day 2.C.Day 3.D.Day 4.Marigi worked deep in a forest in Nigeria, a country on the western coast of Africa. He is a logger who cuts down trees using a knife. The forest where he worked is in the Ondo State in Southwest Nigeria. But many trees in that forest have been lost to too much logging.The 61-year-old father of two said that he could cut down over 15 trees anywhere in the forest,but he would be lucky to find only two now.“During the time of my father, we had big trees but sadly what we have now are just small trees and we don’t even allow them to grow tall enough before we cut them,” Marigi said.After cutting down the trees, Marigi puts markers on them to let other loggers know that he is the owner. The cut-down trees, or logs, are then transported(运输)by waterways and rivers to Nigeria’s biggest city, Lagos.Trees in Nigeria are cut down to open land for farming or to feed the energy need of a growing population. From 2001 to 2021, Nigeria has lost 1. 14 million hectares of tree cover.Months after cutting down the trees, Marigi returned to the forest to tie his 40 logs together so they could be transported. With other loggers, he paid for a boat to pull the logs through waterways from Ondo State to Lagos.They built simple houses on top of the logs to help protect themselves from the weather. Food was shared and they sang traditional songs to cheer themselves up. They did not sleep at night to make sure that the logs would not get away from the boat. The boat stopped at several places to pickup more loggers and their logs. A single boat can transport thousands of such logs.Marigi’s trip ended in Lagos where logs from Ondo State and other parts of the country came together. The logs were then cut and sold to users.4.What can we learn about his father according to Marigi?A.He took good care of the forest.B.He could cut down trees for free.C.He left small trees to later generations.D.He had plenty of big trees to cut.5.How does Marigi show the ownership of the trees he cut down?A.By moving them to his house.B.By making signs on them.C.By putting them near waterways.D.By living on top of them.6.Why did Marigi go back into the forest?A.To collect his woods.B.To plant small trees.C.To look for big trees.D.To open land for farming.7.Why didn’t Marigi and his partners sleep at night?A.Their houses were too small to sleep in.B.They were busy with the woods for sale.C.They protected the woods from being lost.D.They needed to work together continuously.At Phoenix Bikes, a bicycle shop, students are learning to repair bikes. Phoenix Bikes sells bikes to the public at their business in Arlington, Virginia. But it also teaches teenagers how to repair bikes.Most students at Phoenix Bikes start in its after-school “earn-a-bike program”, at middle and high schools in and around Arlington County. Once a week over a 12-week period, students learn repair skills. They learn how to use tools, fix flat tires, correct the wheels, and change gears (齿轮). The first lesson includes splitting the bike, and by doing this, they learn all the parts of a bike.In the first few weeks, they work in small groups to repair a bike given to the shop. The bikes often have missing or damaged parts. The finished bike is then given to a person in need from the community (社区). In the last four weeks of the program, students come to the shop to work on one of the given bikes which they can then take home at no cost.Anthony is a student at nearby Wakefield High School. He just completed his bike. He said it was not in good shape at first but was the kind of bike he was looking for and could be made into something better. He said it had no light, no front tire, and was without a chain, which controls the gears. He said he joined the program to get better at working with his hands and fixing things.Phoenix Bikes is teaching 300 to 400 young people this year. Phoenix communications coordinator Gage said the classes are fun and let students learn with their hands after sitting in the classroom all day at school. He added that bikes are interesting for teenagers especiallybecause they are a means of transportation and freedom. Learning how to fix a bike can also be a fun challenge, he said.8.What does the underlined word “splitting” in paragraph 2 probably mean?A.Putting away.B.Breaking up.C.Unlocking.D.Moving. 9.What do students do with the bikes repaired in the last four weeks?A.They sell them to whoever likes it.B.They use them in the training.C.They keep them for themselves.D.They give them to those in need. 10.Why did Anthony take the trouble to repair the broken bike?A.It was the type of bike he liked.B.It was a must to finish the training.C.He needed to prove his ability.D.He wanted to get real experience. 11.What did Gage think of their program?A.It did good to students’ studies.B.It offered fun transportation to students.C.It was too hard for students.D.It was valuable to students.In February, the U.S. stated that its Mars explorer, Perseverance, landed successfully on the Red Planet. Perseverance is on a task to collect Martian soil and rocks as part of a search for signs of ancient life.Perseverance landed in an area of Mars called Jezero Crater. Scientists believe the area has a large ancient lakebed. NASA considers the area a promising place to find possible signs of microbial life.Perseverance carried to Mars a small experimental helicopter named Ingenuity. In April, NASA said Ingenuity had successfully completed a takeoff and landing on the planet. It said the flight was historic; it marked the first time any flying machines had performed a powered, controlled flight on another planet.In July, British billionaire Richard Branson entered into space on a rocket plane built by Virgin Galactic, the space tourism company he created. Branson joined two pilots and three other task experts on the flight. Virgin Galactic aims to fly private citizens to the edge of space to experience a few minutes of weightlessness and observe the Earth.A little over a week later, American billionaire Jeff Bezos flew to the edge of space on a rocket built by his company, Blue Origin. Three other people took the quick trip with him: Bezos’ brother, a Dutch teenager and an 82-year-old pilot.The flights by Branson and Bezos officially started a new industry that promises anycitizen the chance to visit space. Such trips will be costly, however. Virgin Galactic’s price for a single flight is $250,000. Blue Origin has not publicly announced its price. Both businesses have built operating bases, called spaceports, in the countryside areas of the U.S.And earlier this month, Japanese billionaire Y usaku Maezawa arrived at the International Space Station (ISS), their destination where they stayed for 12 days. The businessman arrived along with an assistant aboard a Russian Soyuz spacecraft. The price of that trip has not been made public, but some reports guess it cost up to $50 million.12.What is Virgin Galactic’s goal?A.To search for life in space.B.To draw people’s attention to space.C.To develop space tourism for the public.D.To support space exploration programs. 13.What do we know about Richard Branson and Jeff Bezos?A.They traveled in space with their family.B.They went to the same place in space.C.They tried to serve tourists in the countryside.D.They rode a spaceship built by their own company.14.What is secret about the Japanese billionaire’s space travel?A.Its cost.B.Its destination.C.Its travel period.D.Itstransportation.15.Which is the most suitable title for the text?A.Expensive Space Tourism in the Future B.Signs of Ancient Life Discovered on MarsC.Traveling in Space, Billionaires’ Game D.Progress on Mars and Rise in Space Tourists二、七选五How to Grow Plants with Little SunSome people might think that growing plants without much sun is a difficult, if not impossible, task. However, that is not true.What type of shade (背阴处) do you have?The first step is understanding the type of shade you have. This is based on the amount (数量) of time that the sun shines on the area. 16 They are:• part shade (3-6 hours of direct sun, usually in the morning)• full shade (less than 3 hours of direct sun)• deep shade (sunlight rarely, if ever, gets through trees or past structures like buildings) Buy the right plantsWhen you know your shade conditions, find plants that suit them. 17 You can also research that information online, in books or magazines. Experts at gardening stores are other sources of information.And don’t forget your gardeners nearby. When walking around a community garden or your neighborhood, take note of plants growing in shady areas. Talk to the gardeners. 18 Ways to increase lightThe gardening expert adds that painting nearby structures white mirrors sunlight. Glass and mirrored objects can also mirror light around the garden. If possible, carefully cut some tree branches (树枝). This lets more sunlight reach the ground.What to plant?Search for the low-light plants suitable for your area. 19 Vegetables like tomatoes need a lot of sun. But leafy greens actually grow better in part shade.As for pests (害虫), some kinds like shade gardens. But most other pests are less of a problem in low-light conditions. 20 That is, you will feel less hot while gardening!A.There are three main types of shade.B.Learn about their successes and failures.C.Do not give up growing plants you can eat.D.Deep shade is the most challenging for gardeners.E.This information is available where plants are sold.F.Note how many hours of direct sunlight reaches the ground.G.There is another good thing about gardens with less sunlight.三、完形填空I walked quickly over to the check stand, pulled some 26 out of my bag and showed it to the cashier. I 27 the things she was about to put behind her, 28 that I’d pay for them.She put them back down at the check stand and again went to help the woman with her card but it still didn’t 29 . I looked at the screen to see the amount, handed the cashier the money and then 30 walked away.The old woman was a bit 31 and didn’t notice me at all, and when she was 32 that everything was paid for, she was confused. I can’t even begin to describe to you how 33 this woman looked when I first saw her at the check stand.I feel so happy that I was able to 34 her a little tonight and hopefully bring some 35 into her life.21.A.knocked at B.focused on C.went through D.turned to 22.A.taking B.marking C.weighing D.borrowing 23.A.explained B.realized C.agreed D.considered 24.A.record B.price C.chance D.bill 25.A.owned B.paid C.carried D.returned 26.A.money B.paper C.tea D.bread 27.A.looked into B.counted on C.dealt with D.pointed at 28.A.believing B.proving C.saying D.worrying 29.A.matter B.work C.change D.serve 30.A.quickly B.suddenly C.luckily D.formally 31.A.angry B.peaceful C.nervous D.excited 32.A.promised B.warned C.taught D.told 33.A.sad B.strange C.honest D.confident 34.A.guide B.help C.understand D.control 35.A.right B.advice C.joy D.success四、用单词的适当形式完成短文阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

2023-2024学年河南省商丘市天一大联考高一(上)段考数学试卷(一)+答案解析(附后)

2023-2024学年河南省商丘市天一大联考高一(上)段考数学试卷(一)+答案解析(附后)

2023-2024学年河南省商丘市天一大联考高一(上)段考数学试卷(一)1.已知集合,,则( )A. B. C. D.2.已知集合,若,则满足条件的集合B的个数为( )A. 1B. 2C. 3D. 43.已知全集,集合,,则( )A. B. C. D.4.下列命题是真命题的是( )A. B. ,C. ,D. ,5.已知p:,q:关于x的不等式的解集为R,则p是q的( )A. 充分不必要条件B. 必要不充分条件C. 既不充分也不必要条件D. 充要条件6.若,则的最小值为( )A. 2B.C.D.7.已知集合,若,则实数a的值为( )A. 1B. 2C. 3D. 48.已知关于x的不等式的解集为,则下列结论正确的是( )A.B.C. 不等式的解集为D. 不等式的解集为9.已知集合,则下列关系正确的是( )A. B. C. D.10.已知,,则下列关系正确的是( )A. B. C. D.11.下列说法正确的是( )A. 命题p:,使得,则p的否定:,B. 命题p:,,则p的否定:,C. 命题“任意一个平行四边形的四个顶点都在同一个圆上”的否定是假命题D. 命题“存在两个不全等三角形的面积相等”的否定是假命题12.已知关于x的方程,则下列结论正确的是( )A. 方程有一正一负两个实数根的充要条件是B. 方程有两个不相等的正实数根的充要条件是C. 方程无实数根的一个充分条件是D. 当时,方程的两实数根之和为113.不等式的解集为______ .14.已知集合,,且,则实数a的最大值为______ .15.若命题“,”是假命题,则实数m的最小值是______ .16.已知a,b为正实数,且满足,若存在a,b使不等式成立,则实数k的取值范围是______ .17.判断下列命题是全称量词命题还是存在量词命题,请写出它们的否定,并判断否定的真假.对任意,;存在,18.已知命题p:“,”,命题q:“,”,若p是真命题,q是假命题,求实数m的取值范围.19.已知集合,若,求;若中有且仅有一个元素,求实数m的值.20.已知集合,若,求a的取值范围;若是的充分不必要条件,求a的取值范围.21.某人投资180万元建成一座海水养殖场用于海参养殖,建成后每年可获得销售收入130万元,同时,经过预算可知年内须另外投入万元的经营成本.该海水养殖场从第几年起开始盈利总利润为正?该海水养殖场总利润达到最大时是第几年?请求出总利润的最大值.该海水养殖场年平均利润达到最大时是第几年?请求出年平均利润的最大值注:总利润=销售总收入-经营成本-投资费用22.已知关于x的方程其中m,p,q均为实数有两个不等实根,若,求m的取值范围;若,为两个整数根,p为整数,且,求,;若,满足,且,求p的取值范围.答案和解析1.【答案】D【解析】解:,,则故选:根据已知条件,结合并集的定义,即可求解.本题考查并集及其运算,属于基础题.2.【答案】C【解析】解:由,得,所以,又,则集合B可以为,或,故有3个.故选:求得集合,根据真子集的概念即可得出集合B的个数.本题考查真子集的概念,属基础题.3.【答案】B【解析】解:因为,,所以,又因为,所以故选:根据补集的概念与交集的运算,求解即可.本题考查了补集的概念与交集的运算问题,是基础题.4.【答案】C【解析】解:对于A,,当时,,该命题为假命题;对于B,因为,所以是无理数,该命题为假命题;对于C,是非负整数,也即自然数,所以该命题是真命题;对于D,因为,所以方程没有实数解,该命题为假命题.故选:结合绝对值的代数意义检验选项A;结合数的分类检验选项BC;结合二次方程根的存在条件检验选项本题考查量词及命题的真假关系的判断,属于基础题.5.【答案】A【解析】解:p:,即p:,因为关于x的不等式的解集为R,所以,即,解得,因为可以推出,而推不出,所以p是q的充分不必要条件.故选:先求出p,q中m的取值范围,再结合充分条件和必要条件的定义判断.本题主要考查了一元二次不等式的解法,考查了充分条件和必要条件的定义,属于基础题.6.【答案】D【解析】解:因为,所以,当且仅当,即时取等号,所以的最小值为故选:化,利用基本不等式求最小值即可.本题考查了利用基本不等式求最值的应用问题,是基础题.7.【答案】B【解析】解:由题意得,即,解得,因为,所以,而,故故选:由已知结合集合相等条件即可求解.本题考查集合相等以及集合中元素的特性.8.【答案】C【解析】解:由已知可得,3是关于x的一元二次方程的两根,且,由根与系数的关系可得,所以,,故A错误;因为,所以,故B错误;因为,所以不等式可化为,而,所以,故C正确;不等式可化为,即,解得或,故D错误.故选:由题意可得,3是关于x的一元二次方程的两根,且,再利用韦达定理,以及一元二次不等式的解法求解即可.本题主要考查了“三个二次”的关系,考查了一元二次不等式的解法,属于基础题.9.【答案】ABC【解析】解:集合A中有两个元素:0和,则A,B正确,D错误;是任何非空集合的真子集,故C正确.故选:根据元素与集合,集合与集合的关系逐一检验选项即可.本题考查元素与集合,集合与集合的关系,属于基础题.10.【答案】BCD【解析】解:对于A,不妨设,,满足,,但,故A错误;由,得,故B正确;,因为,,,,所以,故C正确;,因为,,,,所以,故D正确.故选:根据已知条件,结合不等式的性质,以及特殊值法,即可求解.本题考查不等式的基本性质,属于基础题.11.【答案】AD【解析】解:对于A,“,使得”的否定为“,”,故A 正确;对于B,命题p:,,故p的否定为“,”,故B错误;对于C,原命题的否定为“存在一个平行四边形的四个顶点不在同一个圆上”,为真命题,故C错误;对于D,对于两个等底等高的三角形,它们面积相等但不全等,故原命题为真命题,其否定为假命题,故D 正确.故选:根据已知条件,结合命题否定的定义,即可求解.本题主要考查命题的真假判断与应用,属于基础题.12.【答案】ABC【解析】解:对于A,由题意得,解得,故A正确.对于B,由题意得,解得,故B正确.对于C,若方程无实数根,则,解得,故该条件的一个充分条件可以是,故C正确;对于D,当时,,方程无实数根,故D错误.故选:由题意,利用一元二次方程根的分布与系数的关系,得出结论.本题考查解一元二次方程和充要条件,属于基础题.13.【答案】【解析】解:由可得,解得故答案为:利用移项通分化简可求.本题考查解分式不等式的求解,属于基础题.14.【答案】【解析】解:由题意得因为,所以,解得,故a的最大值为故答案为:求出集合A的补集,根据已知包含关系列不等式,可得实数a的最大值.本题考查集合间的关系及集合的运算,属于基础题.15.【答案】【解析】解:因为命题,是假命题,所以命题,是真命题,当时,,所以,即m的最小值是故答案为:题意得,是真命题,然后结合含有量词的命题的真假关系与最值关系的转化即可求解.本题考查量词和命题的真假判断.16.【答案】或【解析】解:因为a,b为正实数,且满足,所以,当且仅当,即,时,等号成立.因为存在a,b使成立,故只需,即,解得或故答案为:或利用基本不等式求的最小值,再解一元二次不等式,从而求得k的取值范围.此题考查了基本不等式求最值问题,考查了函数恒成立问题,考查了转化思想,属于中档题.17.【答案】解:对任意,为全称量词命题.其否定为:存在,,由方程可得,所以对任意,为假命题,故否定为真命题.存在,为存在量词命题.其否定为:对任意,,因为,所以对任意,,故否定为真命题.【解析】根据全称命题和命题否定的定义,并判断真假,即可求解;根据特称命题和命题否定的定义,并判断真假,即可求解;本题主要考查命题的真假判断与应用,属于基础题.18.【答案】解:根据题意,命题p:“,”,命题q:“,”,若p为真命题,即恒成立,又由,则有,故要使恒成立,则须若q是假命题,所以q的否定为真命题,即命题“,使得”为真命题,故有实根,所以,解得或综上,实数m的取值范围为【解析】根据题意,分析命题p是真命题,q是假命题时m的取值范围,综合可得答案.本题考查命题的真假判断,涉及存在量词命题和全称量词命题的定义,属于基础题.19.【答案】解:已知集合,当时,,联立消去y得,解得或当时,;当时,故联立,得,因为中有且仅有一个元素,所以方程有唯一解.可以分两种情况考虑:①当时,方程只有一个根,符合题意;②当时,方程有两个相等的实数根,即,从而可得,解得,故实数或【解析】联立求解即可;联立,得,因为中有且仅有一个元素,所以方程有唯一解,然后求解即可.本题考查集合的运算,重点考查了解方程,属中档题.20.【答案】解:,,,或,当时,,集得,当时,,且或,解得或,实数a的取值范围是或;由是的充分不必要条件,得,即,由知,又,,解得,故实数a的取值范围为【解析】先求出集合A,B,再利用集合的基本运算求解;由题意可知,即,列出关于a的不等式组,求出a的取值范围即可.本题主要考查了一元二次不等式的解法,考查了集合的基本运算,属于中档题.21.【答案】解:设第x年时,该海水养殖场的总利润为y万元,由题意可得,令,得,解得因为,所以该海水养殖场从第3年起开始盈利;,所以当,y取得最大值320,即第10年时,总利润达到最大,最大值为320万元;设年平均利润为W万元,则,当且仅当,即时等号成立,所以第6年时,年平均利润达到最大,最大值为40万元.【解析】设第x年时,该海水养殖场的总利润为y万元,由题意可得,解出x的范围即可;利用二次函数的性质求解;利用基本不等式求解.本题主要考查了函数的实际应用,考查了一元二次不等式和基本不等式的应用,属于中档题.第11页,共11页22.【答案】解:当,原方程为,由于该方程有两个不等实根,故有,解得,故实数m 的取值范围为将代入方程,可得,再根据,且,解得或因为,为两个整数根,p 为整数,所以为整数,所以或把代入方程,可得,解得,把代入方程,得,解得,综上,当时,,;当时,,因为,所以又方程有两个不等实根,,所以,整理得由根与系数的关系得由足整理可得,整理得,所以,解得则,解得,即p 的取值范围为【解析】由题意,利用判别式大于零,求得m 的取值范围.先利用判别式大于零,求出p 的范围,再利用韦达定理从而判断或1,再分别代入方程,求出,先利用判别式大于零,整理得,再利用由根与系数的关系,求得p 的取值范围.本题主要考查一元二次方程中根与系数的关系,韦达定理,属于中档题.。

河南省普高联考2023-2024学年高一上学期10月阶段性测试(一)英语试题

河南省普高联考2023-2024学年高一上学期10月阶段性测试(一)英语试题

河南省普高联考2023-2024学年高一上学期10月阶段性测试(一)英语试题一、阅读理解There are all kinds of stranger museums in the world, and the objects in their collections are different. From Leila’s Hair Museum to Washington Banana Museum to Beijing Tap Water Museum, there’s everything. Here are four of them worth visiting.Leila’s Hair MuseumDuring the Victorian Era, it was common to create and wear jewelry made form hair—especially the hair of loved ones. Leila’s Hair Museum shows a variety of hair wreaths (花环) and jewelry pieces from the Victorian period and earlier, dating all the way back to 1680.Giant Shoe MuseumLocated in, the famous Pike Place Market of Seattle, the Giant Shoe Museum is a single exhibit wall located on the outside of the Old Seale Paperworks store and brings a lot of business to the shop as a result. To see the museum’s collection, visitors must drop 25 cents into coin boxes and then look at a variety of extremely big shoes through a mirror, including a size 37 shoes worn by the world’s tallest man, a real clown shoe and the world’s largest collection of extremely bug shoes.Washington Banana MuseumAnn Mitchell Lovell really loves bananas. In fact, she loves them enough to not only run the Washington Banana museum, which shows almost 4,000 things related to the world’s best-selling fruit, but also to upload photos of her favorite things from the museum online so those who can’t make it to the physical location can still enjoy the virtual (虚拟的) Banana Museum.Beijing Tap Water MuseumInterested in running water (piped water), maybe you should head to China to learn more about tap water, specifically the history of the first water plant in Beijing. Here you can study over 300 things and learn about the 100 year-old history of tap water in China. The best thing about this museum is that any of its drinking fountains can provide you with an unforgettable experience of your trip.1.Which museum can leave us the best Impression dung the visit?A.Leila’s Hair Museum.B.Gant Shoe Museum.C.Beijing Tap Water Museum.D.Washington Banana Museum.2.What do we learn about Leila’s Hair Museum?A.Is jewelry pieces can date all the way from the 17th century.B.All the visitors must spend 25 cents visiting it.C.You can see your favorite things from the museum online.D.Hair wreaths or jewelry pieces are only from the Victorian period.3.What can we do in Giant Shoe Museum?A.Try on a real clown shoe by ourselves.B.See the largest collection of huge shoes in the world.C.Learn about the history of the first water plant in the world.D.See many photos of the favorite things from the museum online.Guqin-making is a process that takes patience and carefulness. Patience is one of the key parts in making a guqin.” It takes about two years to finish making one,” says Sui Yiyangg, 37, who, has been applying himself to guqin-making for over ten years.The body of a guqin is made of two parts, a fat bottom and an arched(拱形) top. The body of the instrument is carefully and repeatedly covered with a thin layer of oil paint, which can take months to finish.The strings(琴弦) of a guqin are traditionally made of silk; today they are often specially developed into steel-and-nylon strings.Sui learned guitar as a teenager. He was introduced to the guqin when he travelled with his father. During the seven-hour drive from Beijing to the Inner Mongolia autonomous region, he listened to the guqin recording in his father’s car and was attracted.“The beautiful and lasting sounds of the guqin are different from the Western musical instruments I learned,” he remembers.After returning to Beijing, he started learning the instrument. Later, he learned how to make the guqin from HAN Tingyao, now 85, a Beijing-based master artist.Sui travels nationwide and even abroad to buy high-quality materials and tools. For example the kind and quality of the wood is very important, so he often travels to Fujian and Jiangxi provinces in search of the right materials. He gets the paint, which is used to protect the guqin from corrosion(腐蚀),from a single place—Rentoushan, a village in Maoba township, Lichuan city, Hubei province.Years of guqin-making experience has gifted Sui with the ability to make high-quality instruments. “Each guqin has its unique sense of reality, which you can only get to know after you feel it with your own hands,” he says.4.Which of the following can best describe Sui Yiyang?A.Out-going and loving B.Easy-going and careless.C.Patient and careful.D.Confident and responsible.5.When did Sui Yiyang learn guqin?A.Five years ago.B.After the trip with his father.C.During a party with his friends.D.While visiting a famous artist in Beijing.6.Why did Sui travel at home and even abroad?A.Because he wanted to learn guitar.B.Because he wished to visit the places of interest.C.Because he hoped to become an artist like Han Tingyao.D.Because he wanted to find the good wood of making the guqin.7.In which section of a newspaper can we find the text?A.People.B.Sports.C.Travel.D.Nature.In our life, in addition to our family, neighbors are very important to us. We can live without our friends, but not without our neighbors. Sometimes our family or friends are so far away from us. If any emergency events happen, they cannot give us a hand in time. Maybe it is so easy to just go home and shut your door without getting to know your neighbors. But being an active neighbor will turn your living place into a kinder and more caring neighborhood.It doesn’t take a lot of money or a generous gesture to be an active neighbor. You don’t have to show up with a fresh apple pie or anything like that. It’s truly as simple as saying hello, introducing yourself and asking a few open-ended questions. But they are the first step to become a kind neighbor.Then get out of your comfort zone and make efforts to know more about your neighbors. For example, ask for their names and learn what they do for work. And if you feel comfortable, let them know that you’re there to help, if they ever need a hand.Another way to show your neighbors that you care is by making your small acts of kindness a practice very often. This can be cleaning up the litter or even cleaning up after the pets have made a mess in your block. Or if youhave an amazing garden, you can ask your partner or kinds to pick a bunch of flowers from the garden to give your new neighbor. Remember, every small gesture counts.Remind yourself that being connected feels good and increases the way you feel in the long run. If you take the first step, your small acts of kindness can encourage others to carry that kindness forward. In the end, more and more people in the neighborhood will feel much better. Challenging as they are, reaching out to your neighbors is worth the efforts.8.What does the author intend to tell us in the first paragraph?A.The importance of a good friend.B.A way to do with an emergencyC.Reasons to be a good neighbour.D.The importance of a good neighbour.9.How many ways does the author offer us to become a good neighbour?A.Two.B.Three.C.Four D.Five10.What is the role of the last paragraph in the text?A.Leading the opening topic.B.Connecting the following part.C.Giving the main idea of the full text.D.Expressing the feelings of the whole text.11.What can be the best title for the text?A.How to be a good neighbour.B.How to become a better friend.C.Why to show your kindness to a friend.D.How to express your feeling to a neighbour.A deep learning algorithm (算法;计算程序) can remove city noise from earthquake monitoring tools, making it easier to show exactly when and where a small earthquake occurs.“Earthquake monitoring in urban settings is important because it helps us understand the fault (断层) systems that underlie easily harmed cities,” says Gregory Baroza at Stanford University in California. “By seeing where the faults go, we can better anticipate earthquake events ahead of time.”However, the city noise, from cars, aircraft, helicopters and buses makes it difficult to notice the undergroundchanges that show an, earthquake is happening.To try to improve our ability and locate earthquakes correctly, Baroza and his friends trained a deep neural (神经的) network to tell between earthguake changes and other noise sources.Around 80, 000 samples of urban noise and 33,751 samples of earthquake changes were put together in different forms to train, test and prove the neural network. The noise samples came from audio recorded in Long Beach, California, while the earthquake charges were taken from the rural area around San Jacinto, also in California.The research is very useful for the field, says Maarten de Hoop at Rice University in Houston, Texas. But he does stress lone disadvantage: the neural network was trained on data marked by humans, and the readings we really from one area. The fact that the model was carefully checked only to remove noise from sounds inn California, means it is less likely to be, successful when presented with noise from elsewhere.Baroza is also unsure about how well they model would work in places other than California “Depending on the environment, noise-features are probably going to-be different from the ones it’s trained on,” he says. 12.What does the underlined word “anticipate” in paragraph 2mean?A.predict B.remove C.avoid D.explore13.What makes it hard to tell whether an earthquake happens or not in the city?A.The noise only from people.B.The loud noise only from buses.C.The unpleasant sound from cars.D.The loud, unpleasant sound of the traffic.14.What does Maarten de Hoop think of the research?A.It is useful and perfect.B.It can be used in any field.C.It is not useful in any field D.It is useful but has its shortcoming.15.What might the author continue talking about?A.The research in California.B.Reasons for a small earthquake.C.The further research in other areas.D.Ways to remove noise in California.二、七选五Good study habits can improver learning efficiency (效率). For more than 100 years, psychologists have doneresearch on which, study habits work best for almost every subject. 16※Sleep 8 hours a day.17 Keep to a short sleep at noon. Enough sleep and energy are the basic requirements for improving efficiency.※Study to concentrate.Play while you have fun, and study while you learn. 18 When your each a certain point, you have to rest and fill your energy again. After studying, we must pay attention to rest, But when you study, you have to put your heart and soul into it, and use your hands and your head.※Keep doing physical exercise.The body is the capital of “learning”. Without a good body, no matter how great the ability is, it cannot play.19 Because of paying no attention to exercise, the body is getting weaker and weaker, and learning more and more. feels powerless. How can they improve that learning quality?※ 20Be happy, every day, do things neatly, and take an active part in learning, which can make learning efficiency higher naturally. On the other hand, working in unity and helping one another can also improve the quality(质量) of learning.A.Sitting at a desk all day is not a good idea.B.Stay happy and get along well with your classmates.C.Mistakes are okay as long as you learn them.D.Don’t stay up late at night and go to bed on time every day.E.Here are sever study habits to improve learning.F.Get enough sleep-not just the night before the test but for months on end.G.Therefore, no water how busy you study, you should pay attention to exercise.三、完形填空However, she went home from 25 one day with what she thought was the flu and less than 24 hours later, she was in the 26 . Several days later, the doctor told her that she suffered from bacterial moningitis(病毒性脑膜炎) .Over the course of two and a half months, she lost both her 27 below the knee. When her parents 28 her out of the hospital, she was, completely broken. She said: “How was I ever going to travel the world? How was I ever going to snowboard again? However, I knew that in order to move forward, I had to 29 the old Amy, and I learned to 30 and hug the new Amy.”Four months later, she was backup on a snowboard, although things didn’t go quite as 31 :her knees and her ankles were always straight. But she didn’t 32 .33 her parents and her leg maker, she gained the right pair feet that she could snowboard in. In February last year, she 34 2 back Board Word Cup god medals, which made her the best female snowborader in the world.So we don’t look at our challenges and difficulties as something bad when they appear. 35 we can look at them as good gifs that can help us go farther than we could go.21.A.changing B.travelling C.building D.improving22.A.left B.came C.called D.graduated23.A.managed B.failed C.refused D.agreed24.A.senior B.happy C.free D.anxious25.A.office B.work C.school D.hotel26.A.classroom B.hospital C.university D.college27.A.arms B.hands C.legs D.feet28.A.rushed B.cared C.visited D.wheeled29.A.look after B.look forward C.make friends with D.say goodbye to30.A.accept B.receive C.offer D.admire31.A.explored B.expected C.impressed D.recommended32.A.check out B.sign up C.lose hear D.cry out33.A.With the help of B.Under the control of C.In addition to D.At the beginning of34.A.saw B.lost C.won D.designed35.A.So B.Thus C.Therefore D.Instead四、用单词的适当形式完成短文阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

天一大联考2023-2024学年高一年级阶段性测试(三)试卷及答案

天一大联考2023-2024学年高一年级阶段性测试(三)试卷及答案

绝密*启用前天一大联考2023—2024 学年高一年级阶段性测试(三)语文考生注意:1.答题前,考生务必将自己的姓名、考生号填写在试卷和答题卡上,并将考生号条形码粘贴在答题卡上的指定位置。

2.回答选择题时,选出每小题答案后,用铅笔把答题卡对应题目的答案标号涂黑。

如需改动,用橡皮擦干净后,再选涂其他答案标号。

回答非选择题时,将答案写在答题卡上。

写在本试卷上无效。

3.考试结束后,将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。

一、现代文阅读(35分)(一)现代文阅读I(本题共5小题,18分)阅读下面的文字,完成1~5题。

材料一:孔子作为活人,有与常人无异的行为、活动、意向和喜怒哀乐。

所谓孔学,正是对人们日常生活、现实处境提出的各种意见、评论、主张和看法。

它具体,并不虚玄;它普通,并无奥秘。

但真要想到、做到,却又不容易。

所以这些主张、意见等便具有很高的理想性和一贯性。

这就是所谓“极高明而道中庸”。

《论语》一书道理高深但语言平易,记述平易(大都是日常普通事实)。

孔学特别重视人性情感的培育,重视动物性(欲)与社会性(理)的交融统一。

我以为这实际是以“情”作为人性和人生的基础、实体和本源。

它即是我所谓的“文化心理结构”的核心:“情理结构”。

人以这种“情理结构”区别于动物和机器。

中国人的“情理结构”又有其重要特征。

这特征与孔子、《论语》、儒学直接有关。

孔子和儒学一直强调以“亲子之情”(孝)作为最后实在的伦常关系,以建立“仁”的根本,并由亲子、君臣、兄弟、夫妇、朋友“五伦”关系,辐射交织而组成和构建各种社会性——宗教性感情,作为“本体”所在。

强调培植人性情感的教育,以之作为社会根本,这成为华夏文明的重要传统。

除“仁”之外,《论语》和儒学中许多重要概念、词语、范畴,如诚、义、敬、庄、信、忠、恕等,实际均具有程度不一的这种情感培育的功能或价值。

例如,“敬”“庄”等概念、范畴本来自对鬼神、天地、祖先的巫术礼仪,其中,情感因素浓厚而重要。

《论语》和儒学虽把它们世俗化、理性化了,却又仍然保存着宗教性传统的情感特征。

河南省天一大联考高一上学期第一次阶段性测试数学试题(解析版)

河南省天一大联考高一上学期第一次阶段性测试数学试题(解析版)

河南省天一大联考高一上学期第一次阶段性测试数学试题一、单选题1.已知集合{1,0,1,2,3,4},{|3}A B x x =-=<,则A B ⋂=( ) A .{1,0,1,2}- B .{1,0,1}- C .{0,1,2} D .{|3}x x <【答案】A【解析】根据集合的交运算,结合已知,进行求解. 【详解】由集合的交运算,可得{}1,0,1,2A B ⋂=-.故选:A. 【点睛】本题考查集合的交运算,属基础题.2.已知22,0,()log ,0x x f x a x x ⎧≤=⎨+>⎩,若()(2)1f f -=-,则实数a 的值为( )A .2-B .2C .0D .1【答案】D【解析】由已知条件,利用分段函数性质,先求出1(2)4f -=,再算出14f ⎛⎫⎪⎝⎭,即可求出a . 【详解】 由题意得:已知函数22,0,()log ,0,x x f x a x x ⎧≤=⎨+>⎩所以1(2)4f -=,则()1(2)214f f f a ⎛⎫-==-=- ⎪⎝⎭得1a =, 故选:D. 【点睛】本题考查分段函数的概念,还涉及函数的性质和函数值的求法,同时考查运算能力.3.函数1()lg f x x=+ ) A .(],2-∞- B .(]0,2C .()(]0,11,2D .(]1,2-【答案】C【解析】由函数解析式可知,根据对数真数大于0,分母不为0和二次根式的被开方数大于等于0,即可求出定义域. 【详解】由题意可得0lg 020x x x >⎧⎪≠⎨⎪-≥⎩,化简得02x <≤且1x ≠,即()(]0,11,2x ∈⋃.故选:C. 【点睛】本题考查求具体函数的定义域的方法,注意函数的定义域是函数各个部分的定义域的交集.4.若()y f x =的定义域为R ,值域为[1,2],则(1)1y f x =-+的值域为( ) A .[2,3] B .[0,1] C .[1,2] D .[1,1]-【答案】A【解析】根据函数的平移规则,结合原函数的值域求解. 【详解】因为(1)1y f x =-+是将原函数()f x ,向右平移1个单位, 再向上平移1个单位得到,但是左右平移不改变值域, 故(1)1y f x =-+的值域为[]2,3. 故选:A. 【点睛】本题考查函数图像的上下平移和左右平移对函数值域的影响. 5.函数21()log 1xf x e x=--的零点所在的区间是( ) A .10,4⎛⎫ ⎪⎝⎭B .11,42⎛⎫⎪⎝⎭C .1,12⎛⎫ ⎪⎝⎭D .(1,2)【答案】C【解析】将选项中区间左右端点代入函数解析式,若发现两端函数值异号,则零点就在该区间. 【详解】因为1202f ⎛⎫=<⎪⎝⎭,而()110f e =-> 则()1102f f ⎛⎫⋅<⎪⎝⎭,根据零点存在性定理可知 函数零点所在区间为:1,12⎛⎫ ⎪⎝⎭.故选:C. 【点睛】本题考查函数零点所在区间的确定,判断依据是零点存在性定理.6.设0.20.343,log 0.4,log 0.2a b c ===,则,,a b c 的大小关系是( ) A .a b c << B .c b a << C .c a b << D .b c a <<【答案】B【解析】将,,a b c 与1和0进行比较,从而得出结果. 【详解】0.20331a =>=,0.30.3log 0.4log 0.31?b =<=且0b >, 44log 0.2log 10c =<=,故a b c >>, 故选:B. 【点睛】本题考查指数式和对数式大小的比较,一般地,先与1和0进行比较,即可区分. 7.设m R ∈,幂函数1()(22)m f x m x +=+,且(1)(2)f a f a +>-,则a 的取值范围为( ) A .1,2⎛⎫+∞⎪⎝⎭B .1,22⎛⎤⎥⎝⎦C .(1,2]-D .[2,)+∞【答案】B【解析】由()f x 是幂函数,求得参数的值,再求解不等式即可. 【详解】因为1()(22)m f x m x+=+是幂函数,故221m +=,解得12m =-, 则()f x x =,其在[)0,+∞为单调增函数,则不等式(1)(2)f a f a +>-等价于102012a a a a+≥⎧⎪-≥⎨⎪+>-⎩,解得1,22a ⎛⎤∈ ⎥⎝⎦.故选:B. 【点睛】本题考查幂函数解析式的求解,以及利用函数单调性求解不等式. 8.函数|1|1()10x f x -=的图象大致为( ) A . B .C .D .【答案】A【解析】根据函数的定义域,以及单调性,结合选项进行选择. 【详解】 因为|1|1()10x f x -=定义域为R ,故排除C 、D 选项; 又1101x ->,故()()0,1f x ∈,故排除B . 故选:A. 【点睛】本题考查由函数的解析式,选择函数的图像.一般地,要从定义域、值域、单调性、特殊点出发进行选择.9.已知函数()22()log 2f x x x a =-+的最小值为3,则a =( ) A .6 B .7C .8D .9【答案】D【解析】判断函数的单调性,找到最小值点对应的自变量,代值计算即可. 【详解】若220x x a -+>在R 上恒成立, 则根据复合函数的单调性可知,()f x 区间(),1-∞单调递减,则()1,+∞单调递增,故()()()21log 13min f x f a ==-=,解得9a =,此时满足2290x x -+>在R 上恒成立, 若220x x a -+>在R 上不恒成立,则该函数没有最值. 综上所述:9a =. 故选:D. 【点睛】本题考查对数型复合函数的单调性的判断,遵循同增异减的原则.10.常见的三阶魔方约有194.310⨯种不同的状态,将这个数记为A ,二阶魔方有85603⨯种不同的状态,将这个数记为B ,则下列各数与AB最接近的是( )(参考数据:43 4.3log 10 2.1,0.63560-≈≈⨯) A .280.63-⨯ B .280.610⨯ C .280.63⨯ D .320.63⨯【答案】C【解析】根据题意,结合参考数据,应用对数运算法则,对数据进行估算. 【详解】由题可知:A B =1984.3105603⨯两边取对数可得1933384.310log log log 5603A B =+4198333333log log log 3log 10log 35A B -≈++- 333log log 419 2.185A B -≈-+⨯-35log 27.93A B ⨯≈故27.9533A B ≈⨯ 解得:27.90.63A B ≈⨯,故与之最接近的为280.63⨯. 故选:C. 【点睛】本题考查对数的运算,涉及数据的估算;要结合参考数据进行处理,是解决本题的重要思路.11.已知函数2()x x x xe e xf x e e--++=+的最大值为M ,最小值为m ,则M m +=( ) A .1 B .2C .211e e ++ D .221ee ++ 【答案】B【解析】对()f x 分离参数,构造一个奇函数,再进行求解. 【详解】因为2()x x x xe e xf x e e--++=+=1+2x x x e e -+ 不妨令()2x xxh x e e-=+,显然()h x 为奇函数, 故()()max 0min h x h x +=,则()()()()max 22max min min f x f x h x h x +=++=. 故选:B. 【点睛】本题考查函数的奇偶性与函数最值之间的关系,本题的难点在于分离常数,构造奇函数.12.设函数222,2,()54, 2.x a x f x x ax a x ⎧-<=⎨-+⎩若()f x 有两个零点,则实数a 的取值范围是( ) A .1,2⎡⎫+∞⎪⎢⎣⎭B .1,2(2,)2⎡⎫⋃+∞⎪⎢⎣⎭C .1,2[4,)2⎡⎫⋃+∞⎪⎢⎣⎭D .1,2(4,)2⎡⎫⋃+∞⎪⎢⎣⎭【答案】C【解析】分段考虑函数的零点,结合一元二次方程根的分布,对参数进行讨论. 【详解】为方便说明,不妨令()22?(2)?h x a x =-<,()()22542g x x ax ax =-+≥因为()h x 是单调函数,故其在定义域上的零点个数可以是0或1; 对()g x ,因为290a =≥,故其可以在定义域有1个零点,或2个零点;故当()f x 有两个零点,只有下面两种可能: ①当()40,4a -∈时,即()0,4a ∈时,()h x 在其定义域内有1个零点,此时只要保证()g x 在其定义域1个零点即可,等价于方程22540x ax a -+=有1个根在区间[)2,+∞, 只需()20g <,即:241040a a -+<,解得1,22a ⎛⎫∈ ⎪⎝⎭或()20g =且522a <,解得12a =, 故1,22a ⎡⎫∈⎪⎢⎣⎭②当()40,4a -∉,即(][),04,a ∈-∞⋃+∞时,()h x 在其定义域内没有零点,此时只要保证()g x 在其定义域2个零点即可等价于方程22540x ax a -+=有2个根在区间[)2,+∞,只需()52220ag ⎧>⎪⎨⎪≥⎩,解得[)4,a ∈+∞综上所述:[)1,24,2a ⎡⎫∈⋃+∞⎪⎢⎣⎭. 故选:C. 【点睛】本题考查根据函数的零点个数求参数的范围,涉及二次方程根的分布,其难点是对参数进行分类讨论.二、填空题13.已知函数2(0,1)x y a a a =+>≠且的图象恒过点M ,则M 的坐标为________. 【答案】(0,3)【解析】根据函数平移,结合指数函数恒过定点()0,1即可求得. 【详解】因为xy a =恒过定点()0,1,又函数2x y a =+是由xy a =向上平移2个单位得到, 故2xy a =+恒过定点()0,3.故答案为:()0,3. 【点睛】本题考查指数型函数恒过定点的问题,其一般思路为,根据函数图像变换进行求解. 14.已知集合{}20,,32A m m m =-+,且2A ∈,则实数m 的值为___________. 【答案】3【解析】由集合A 的元素,以及2A ∈,分类讨论,结合集合元素互异性,即可得出实数m 的值. 【详解】由题可得,若2m =,则2320m m -+=,不满足集合元素的互异性,舍去; 若2322m m -+=,解得3m =或0m =,其中0m =不满足集合元素的互异性,舍去, 所以3m =. 故答案为:3. 【点睛】本题考查集合元素的互异性,结合元素与集合关系以及通过对集合中元素构成的特点求参数值.15.已知函数()log (0,1)a f x x b a a =+>≠的定义域、值域都是[1,2],则a b +=__________.【答案】52或3. 【解析】分析:分类讨论a 的取值范围,得到函数的单调性,代入数据即可求解. 详解:当01a <<时,易知函数()f x 为减函数,由题意有()()122log 21a fb f b ===+=,解得:1,22a b ==,符合题意,此时52a b +=; 当1a >时,易知函数()f x 为增函数,由题意有()()112log 22a fb f b ===+=,解得2,1a b ==,符合题意,此时3a b +=.综上可得:+a b 的值为52或3. 故答案为:52或3. 点睛:在对数式中,真数必须是大于0的,所以对数函数y =log a x 的定义域应为{x |x >0}.对数函数的单调性和a 的值有关,因而,在研究对数函数的单调性时,要按0<a <1和a >1进行分类讨论.16.已知()f x 是定义在R 上的奇函数,且当0x 时,2log (1),01,()31,1,x x f x x x +<⎧=⎨--⎩则方程1()2f x =的所有实根之和为________. 21【解析】画出分段函数的图像,根据图像,结合解析式,进行求解. 【详解】根据分段函数的解析式,以及函数为奇函数,作图如下:由图容易知,因为31y x =--在区间[)1,+∞上,关于3x =对称, 且31y x =---+在区间(],1-∞上,关于3x =-对称, 故其与直线12y =的所有交点的横坐标之和为0. 故1()2f x =所有根之和,即为当()0,1x ∈时的根, 此时()21log 12x +=,解得21x =.21. 【点睛】本题考查函数图像的交点,涉及函数图像的绘制,函数奇偶性的应用,属函数综合题.三、解答题17.计算(1)142110.2542216--⎛⎫⎛⎫⨯--÷- ⎪ ⎪⎝⎭⎝⎭ (2)()()3334839322log 2log log 8log 3log 3log 2log 29-+-++ 【答案】(1)4-(2)34【解析】(1)根据指数运算法则,直接计算即可得出结果; (2)根据对数运算法则,直接计算即可得出结果. 【详解】解:(1)原式14421242444⎛⎫-⨯- ⎪⎝⎭=⨯--=--22=-4(2)原式232233log 2log 3log 328log log 2322329⨯⎛⎫⎛⎫=-++ ⎪⎪⎝⎭⎝⎭323111533log 9log 3log 212232624⎛⎫⎛⎫=-⨯+⨯⨯+=-⨯= ⎪ ⎪⎝⎭⎝⎭.【点睛】本题主要考查指数运算以及对数运算,熟记运算法则即可,属于基础题型.18.已知集合{}2{|32},|log 3,{|13}A x x B x x C x m x m =-<<=<=-<<+. (1)求R A C B ⋂;(2)若()C A B ⊆,求实数m 的取值范围.【答案】(1){|30}x x -<(2)(,4]-∞【解析】(1)求解对数不等式,再求补集和交集即可;(2)先求并集,对集合C 是否为空集进行讨论,分别求解.【详解】(1)∵函数2log y x =在(0,)+∞上单调递增,∴由2log 3x <得08x <<,∴{|08}B x x =<<.∴{|08}R B x x x =或.∴(){|30}R A B x x ⋂=-<.(2){|38}A B x x ⋃=-<<.若C =∅,则13m m -+,解得1m -.若C ≠∅,则13,13,38,m m m m -<+⎧⎪--⎨⎪+≤⎩,解得14m -<.∴实数m 的取值范围为(,4]-∞.【点睛】本题考查集合的运算,以及集合之间的包含关系,涉及对数不等式的求解.19.已知函数21()2x x f x a-=+的图象经过点11,3⎛⎫-- ⎪⎝⎭. (1)求a 的值;(2)求函数()f x 的定义域和值域;(3)判断函数()f x 的奇偶性并证明.【答案】(1)1;(2)定义域为R ,值域为(1,1)-;(3)()f x 是奇函数,证明见详解.【解析】(1)将函数过的点的坐标代入函数解析式,求解参数;(2)利用分母不为零求定义域,采用不等式法求函数值域;(3)先判断函数的定义域是否关于原点对称,再判断()f x 与()f x -之间的关系.【详解】(1)由题意知11112112(1)1232f a a -----===-++, 解得1a =.(2)因为212()12121x x x f x -==-++. ∵20x >,∴211x +>,∴()f x 的定义域为R .∵2(0,)x ∈+∞,∴2(0,2)21x ∈+, ∴()f x 的值域为(1,1)-.(3)函数()f x 是奇函数.证明如下:∵()f x 的定义域为R ,关于原点对称, 且2112()()2112x x x xf x f x -----===-++, ∴()f x 是奇函数,即证.【点睛】本题考查函数解析式,定义域和值域的求解,以及函数奇偶性的证明,涉及指数运算,属函数综合基础题.20.某投资公司计划在甲、乙两个互联网创新项目上共投资1200万元,每个项目至少要投资300万元.根据市场分析预测:甲项目的收益P 与投入a满足30P =-,乙项目的收益Q 与投入a 满足1505Q a =+.设甲项目的投入为x . (1)求两个项目的总收益关于x 的函数()F x .(2)如何安排甲、乙两个项目的投资,才能使总收益最大?最大总收益为多少?(注:收益与投入的单位都为“万元”)【答案】(1)1()260,3009005F x x x =-+≤≤;(2)甲项目投资500万元,乙项目投资700万元;360万元【解析】(1)由题意得,分别代入甲和乙的收益函数即可得出两个项目的总收益关于x 的函数()F x ;(2)利用换元法,令t x =,则103,30t ⎡⎤∈⎣⎦,得出关于t 的二次函数,根据已知区间内的二次函数即可求出最大值以及对于的x 值,即可得出答案.【详解】(1)由题知,甲项目投资x 万元,乙项目投资1200x -万元.所以11()4530(1200)504526055F x x x x x =-+-+=-++ 依题意得3001200300x x ≥⎧⎨-≥⎩解得300900x ≤≤. 故1()45260,3009005F x x x x =-++≤≤ (2)令t x =,则103,30t ⎡⎤∈⎣⎦.221145260(105)36055y t t t =-++=--+ 当105t =,即500x =,y 的最大值为360.所以当甲项目投资500万元,乙项目投资700万元时,总收益最大,最大总收益为360万元.【点睛】本题考查函数模型的应用以及二次函数的性质,利用换元法及二次函数求最值. 21.已知函数2()22f x x kx =-+.(1)若函数(1)f x -是偶函数.求k 的值,并在坐标系中画出()y f x =的大致图象; (2)若当[]1,2x ∈-时,()4f x ≥-恒成立,求k 的取值范围.【答案】(1)4k =-,图像见解析;(2)8,43⎡-⎣【解析】(1)根据(1)f x -是偶函数,得出()f x 的对称轴,结合二次函数对称轴,求出k ,便可以得出()f x 解析式,即可画出二次函数图像;(2)由条件,得出min ()4f x ≥-,分类讨论对称轴和所给区间比较,结合单调性,分别求出每种情况的最小值,分析加以排除,即可得出k 的取值范围.【详解】(1)由题得,函数(1)f x -是偶函数,可得函数()f x 的图象关于1x =-对称, 即14k =-,得4k =- 则2()242y f x x x ==++的大致图象如图所示.(2)因为当[]1,2x ∈-时,()4f x ≥-恒成立,所以min ()4f x ≥-.由题可知()f x 的对称轴为4k x =. 当14k ≤-,即4k ≤-时,()f x 在[]1,2-上单调递增, 此时min ()(1)224f x f k =-=++≥-,得8k ≥-,所以84k -≤≤-; 当24k ≥,即8k ≥时,()f x 在[]1,2-上单调递减, 此时min ()(2)8224f x f k ==-+≥-,得7k ≤,不符合条件; 当124k -<<,即48k -<<时,()f x 在(1,)4k -上单调递减,在,24k ⎛⎫ ⎪⎝⎭上单调递增, 此时22min()()24484k k k f x f ==-+≥-,得4343k -≤≤443k -<≤综上所述,k 的取值范围是8,43⎡-⎣.【点睛】本题考查二次函数的图像与性质,利用偶函数性质以及二次函数的对称轴、单调性、最值,同时还考查二次函数图像的画法和分类讨论思想,以及数形结合思想.22.设a R ∈,函数 ()1,11ln ,1ax x f x x a x x +⎧<⎪=-⎨⎪-≥⎩,且()()3f f e -=()1求()f x 的最大值()2若方程()()0f x f x --=在区间[)(),1k k k Z +∈上存在实根,求出所有可能的k 值【答案】(1)3;(2)3,0,2-【解析】(1)由(3)()f f e -=求得a ,分段考查函数值的取值范围可得最大值.(2)由()31,113ln ,1x x f x x x x +⎧<⎪=-⎨⎪-≥⎩,分类讨论,分11x -<<,1x ≥和1x ≤-三类讨论其零点,其中1x ≤-可由1x ≥得出,主要是()()0f x f x --=的解都是成对出现的.【详解】(1)由()()3f f e -=得31131a a -+=---,解得3a = 当1x <时,()3143311x f x x x +==+<-- 当1x ≥时,()3ln f x x =-单调递减,()()13f x f ≤=所以()f x 的最大值为3(2)由(1)知()31,113ln ,1x x f x x x x +⎧<⎪=-⎨⎪-≥⎩ 当11x -<<时,11x -<-<由()()0f x f x --=得3131011x x x x +-+-=---,解得0x =,因为[)00,1∈,故可取0k = 当1x >时,1x -<-,由()()0f x f x --=得313ln 01x x x -+--=--,整理得4ln 01x x -=+ 设()()4ln 11g x x x x =-≥+,易知()g x 在[)1,+∞上单调递减 又因为()()42ln 20,31ln 303g g =->=-<,所以()g x 在[)2,3上存在唯- -点, 从而原方程在[)2,3,上有且仅有一个实根.故可取2k =当非零实数0x 满足()()000f x f x --=时,0x -也满足()()000f x f x --=,即原方程的非零实根总是成对出现,所以在[)3,2--上也仅有一个实根,故可取3k =-. 综上所述,k 的值可以为3,0,2-.【点睛】本题考查对数型复合函数的最值,考查函数的零点问题.通过零点存在定理可确定函数零点所在区间.对分段函数一般需要分类讨论.。

2022~2023年高一第一次月考题开卷有益(河南省天一大联考)

2022~2023年高一第一次月考题开卷有益(河南省天一大联考)

选择题人们从市场上购买的物品,是耗费一定的劳动生产出来的,即劳动产品。

那些用于交换的劳动产品,就成为商品。

可见,物品、劳动产品和商品存在着紧密关系。

下列说法正确的是①商品既是物品也是劳动产品②有些物品不一定是劳动产品或商品③物品只有经过加工才是商品④所有的劳动产品一定是物品或商品A.①②B.①③C.②④D.③④【答案】A【解析】①:商品是用于交换的劳动产品,劳动产品属于物品。

①正确。

②:包含劳动的物品才属于劳动产品,劳动产品用于交换才成为商品。

②正确。

③:物品经过加工,凝结了人类劳动,还要用于交换才能成为商品。

③错误。

④:所有的劳动产品一定是物品,但劳动产品用于交换才能成为商品。

④错误。

选择题下图所示交易能够成功的前提是A.交换双方讨价还价的能力和水平B.交换商品所含价值量必须相等C.交换双方先换取货币再进行交换D.交换双方恰好需要对方的商品【答案】D【解析】A:讨价还价是双方已经决定交换,但在交换比例方面还要进行商讨,因而讨价还价能力不是交换成功的前提。

A不选。

B:交换商品所含价值量必须相等,是双方已经决定交换,但在确定交换比例时需要坚持的原则。

B不选。

C:交换双方先换取货币再进行交换,这已经不是图中所反映的物物交换范畴了。

C不选。

D:交换双方恰好需要对方的商品,才能在此基础上确定交换的比例,促进交换的实现。

D正确。

选择题2019年中秋节前夕,李先生在某电商平台通过领取100元商家优惠券,花200元购买了标价为300元的某品牌月饼一盒。

在这一经济活动中,货币执行的职能是①价值尺度②贮藏手段③流通手段④支付手段A.①②B.①③C.②④D.③④【答案】B【解析】①:标价为300元,这是货币的价值尺度职能。

①正确。

②:贮藏手段职能是货币退出流通领域作为社会财富的一般代表被保存起来的职能,材料没有体现这一职能。

②不选。

③:花200元购买了月饼,这是货币的流通手段职能。

③正确。

④:支付手段是指货币用于清偿债务、支付赋税、租金、工资等的职能,材料没有体现这一职能。

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