考研翻译(英语二)

例10：2014年真题
He reminds himself that not every lecture can be a Nobel winner, some will be less effective than others.
(2)同位语从句的翻译 第一种方式：颠倒顺序：译成“...的+先行词” 第二种方式：补充说明：译成“：+补充说明” 例11: 2004.64 Being interested in the relationship of language and thought, (1)Whorf developed the idea (2) that the structure of language determines (3) the structure of habitual thought in a society. (4)
例2：2013年真题 I can pick a date from the past 53 years // and know instantly where I was, // what happened in the news // and even the day of the week.
五.翻译技巧 (一)词法翻译 1.专有名词的翻译 第一种方法：音译 (1)人名：John —— 约翰 Nancy —— 南希
4.状语从句的翻译 例8：2014年真题 When he feels down -- say, after giving a bad lecture -- he grants himself permission to be human.
5.名词性从句的翻译
(1)主语、宾语、表语从句的翻译：顺其自然 例9：2014年真题 He analyzes the weak lecture, learning lessons for theቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱfuture about what works and what doesn’t.
四.意群划分 1.连词 (1)并列句连词：and, but, yet ... (2)状语从句连词：before, after, although ... 2.关系词 (1)关系代词：which, that, as ... (2)关系副词：when, where, why ...
3.介词：in, on, at, from, to, of, with ... 4.分词：v-ing; v-ed 5.不定式 6.标点符号
2.定语从句的翻译 翻译技巧一：合二为一 ...reporters who differ broadly by outlook, values, education, and class. 世界观、价值观、教育背景和社会阶级大相径庭的记者 翻译技巧二：一分为二 We don’t like the boy, who is too arrogant. 我们不喜欢那个男孩，他太过于傲慢。
3.生词的翻译 第一种方法：猜测 duty and entitlement 权利与义务 Most people would define optimism as being endlessly happy, with a glass that’s perpetually half full.
第二种方法：融合 a unique and distinctly important social science 一门独特且极其/非常重要的社会科学 第三种方法：省译 a unique and distinctly important social science 一门独特且重要的社会科学
d.名词 + 反义形容词 men tall and short 高矮不一的人 cultures past and present 过去和现在的文化 e. 名词 + 形容词短语 a bus full of men of women 塞满男男女女的公车
(3)多重后置定语的翻译 翻译技巧：“本末倒置” the insights of great men of genius 天才伟人的真知灼见 part of an exchange of duties and entitlements 义务与权利相交换的部分
b.名词 + 介词短语 man of promising future 前程似锦的人 c.名词 + 非谓语（注意：中文多主动，英文多被动） the information used 所使用的信息 the meeting being held 正在召开的会议 the regulation needed to be observed 需要遵守的法规
(二)句法翻译 1.定语的翻译 什么是定语？ 修饰名词的成分叫做定语。 定语的翻译方法：译成“...的+名词”（“的”经常省略 ）
(1)前置定语的翻译 前置定语的形式：adj. + n. an available boy 一个单身男孩 (2)后置定语的翻译 a.名词 + 形容词 the only man alive 唯一幸存的人
c.符合表达习惯 My mother always plans ahead. Work hard and make progress everyday. A leopard will not easily change its spots. Time has proved that his theory can not hold water.
3. 状语的翻译 状语的定义：修饰动词/句子的成分。 状语的形式：(1)介词短语 (2)非谓语 状语的位置：句首、句末、谓语动词前 The environmentalists advocate protecting the environment in various ways. 译文：环保主义者通过各种方式倡导环境保护。
3.一般错别字不扣分，严重错别字三个则该意群不得分 一般错别字：作为 —— 做为 严重错别字：由于 —— 鱿鱼 鉴于 —— 箭鱼 昌盛 —— 娼盛
三.解题步骤 1.拆分：划分意群，逐个翻译 2.组合：组合成句，注意位置
例1：2014翻译真题 Most people would define optimism // as being endlessly happy, // with a glass that’s perpetually half full.
(2)名人 Plato —— 柏拉图 Socrates —— 苏格拉底 Aristotle —— 亚里士多德 Shakespeare —— 莎士比亚 Bacon —— 培根 Darwin —— 达尔文 Darwinism —— 达尔文主义；达尔文学说
第二种方法：照抄 例3：2014年真题 “Healthy optimism means being in touch with reality,” says Tal Ben-Shahar, a Harvard professor.
英译汉难点 (1)词汇 a.绝对生词：millennium; anthropology; astrophysics b.相对生词：set; beef; duck; cause; school; moonlight c.专业术语：black hole; mad cow disease; swine flu
例6：2014年真题 Finally, there is perspective, which involves acknowledging that in the grand scheme of life, one lecture really doesn’t matter. 例7：2013年真题 I never feel overwhelmed with the amount of information my brain absorbs.
二.评分标准
1.每句三到四个意群，每个意群0.5分 2.每个意群有一个严重错误，则该意群不得分 何为严重错误？
(1)误译 blue movie 色情电影 talk horse 吹牛 = talk big; boast; brag Cast pearls before pigs. 对牛弹琴
(2)漏译 the growing incidence of child abuse and child neglect 误：与日俱增的虐待儿童和忽略儿童 正：与日俱增的虐待儿童和忽略儿童事件 (3)过译 Everybody rises. If you have something to say, then say; if not, then go.
例4：2014年真题 But that’s exactly the kind of false cheerfulness // that positi v e psychologists wouldn’t recommend. 例5：2014年真题 According to Ben-Shahar, realistic optimists are those who make the best of things that happen, but not those who believe everything happens for the best.
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(2)语法结构：划分成分：主谓宾，定状补 (3)语言表达 a.通顺无语病 b.无扭曲原文 He is a birdman. Check out that hot chick. She is no more a spring chicken. He is the last man that I want to see.
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考研翻译(英语二)
文都教育 李群
一.翻译简介 数据：7-8 15 20-25 形式：英译汉 Q1: 英语一和英语二的区别？ Q2: 为什么不考汉译英？
汉译英的难点 —— 词汇 四六级汉译英：瑰宝、皓月、辟邪 瑰宝：treasure 皓月：bright moon 辟邪：avoid evil spirits
2.多义词的翻译 —— 根据中文搭配习惯翻译 delicate a.纤弱的；细致的；精美的；微妙的；可口的 delicate girl 柔弱的女子 delicate skin 娇嫩/细腻的皮肤 delicate relationship 微妙的关系
aggressive a.侵略性的；好斗的；有进取心的；有闯劲的 aggressive diplomatic policy 侵略性的外交政策 aggressive young man 有闯劲的年轻人 aggressive salesman 殷勤的推销员