Formwork ties
Aluma
PG 025
Horizontal Shoring Systems
Aluma Frame Shoring System
• Widest, Strongest & Lightest shoring frame on the market • 15 kips per leg • Light weight – 6 x 6 frame weighs 44 lbs. • Frame Heights of 8’ tall available
PG 010
Vertical Formwork Systems
Handset Forming System
• Panel widths vary from 1” to 30” • Panel heights = 3’, 4’, 5’, 6’ & 8’
PG 011
Vertical Formwork Systems
•Cost $0.90 to $1.10/sf per month •European Systems : $1.45 to •1.65/sf per mo.
PG 014
Vertical Formwork System
Aluma Gang Wall Forms
• Form Design: Aluma Beam with a 55 Kip Aluminum Strongback • Plywood Face: Typically 3/4” • Pour Pressures: Up to 1520 psf • Taper Ties on 6’ x 6’ Spacing
• Risk • Formwork Supplier
– – – – – – – – – – History with similar projects Engineering expertise Support services Knowledge of support personnel Location Duration of project Future usage Return on investment Maintenance expense on owned equipment Storage expense
报价词汇
Terms used in Pricing报价常用单词Quotation 报价,在标书文件中也可称为投标书Cover Letter 投标函Bidding, Tendering 投标(过程)Bid, Tender 指所投的这份标Owner, Employer, Client, Customer 客户, 业主,建设单位Tenderer, offeror, vendor, bidder 投标单位Party A 甲方Party B 乙方Invitation 邀请Closing date 截标日期Clarification 澄清Q&A (Question and Answer) 答疑Secrecy agreement 保密协议Legal person 法人Legal person representative 法人代表Letter of Attorney 委仼狀Quantity 数量Unit (报价项目之)单位Rate 单价Sub-total 小结Total 总金额, 总价Contract amount, contract sum, grand total 合同总价Bill of Quantity (简称BOQ,BQ) 工程量清单Contract 合同,合约Letter of Acceptance 中标通知书Letter of Intent (合同签署前)意向书Valid 有效Void 无效Open a bid 开标Breakdown 分项报价Contractor 承建商(指中标之后)General Contractor 总承包Sub-contractor 分包単位Payment 付款Payment application 付款申请Approval批准Pre-tender Estimate 标底1 Quotation Specification 报价说明anti-molding white emulsion paint 防霉白色乳胶漆Mould proofing white latex paintingfloor drain 地漏General Building综合楼sanitary ware卫生洁具distribution panel配电箱fan pipe风机管air exhaust pipe排风管outdoor sewage pump cable室外污水泵电缆2 Summary汇总PROFESSIONAL FEES 专业费用Detail Design Fee 深化设计费Drawing Approval图纸审批费Sub-total 小计:PRELIMINARIES 开办费INTERIOR DECORATION 室内装修工程Ceiling Works 吊顶工程Partitions Works 隔间工程Floor Finishes 地面工程Wall Finishes 墙面工程Doors and Windows 门窗工程Joinery Works 木作工程Miscellaneous Works 其它工程Plumbing & Drainage and Fire Protection Work 给排水及消防安装工程Electrical Work 电气工程GRAND TOTAL 总价Curtain Wall 玻璃幕墙3 Preliminary fee 开办费BILL OF QUANTITIES 工程量清单Builder's All Risk (including Third Party liability) 建筑工程一切险 (包括第三者责任险）Insurance against damage to Persons and Property人身财产意外伤害险Employer Liability雇主责任险Automobile Insurance机动车辆险SPECIFICATION REQUIREMENTS技术规范要求Site conditions and limitations现场条件及限制Safety, health，welfare and PPE安全，健康，福利和个人防护设备HSE staffing安全健康环保人员配置Security services保安管理General cleaning staffing (one fulltime cleaner per 50 works)常规清洁人员（每50个工人配一个专职清洁员）Uniform work clothing统一的工作服Footwear(steel-toe safety shoes) 安全鞋（钢头安全鞋）hard hats安全帽Eye protection眼睛保护Full body harness for work at height高空作业时使用的全身式安全带）Work gloves appropriate to the assigned task特定工作时的工作手套Respiratory protective equipment呼吸保护设备Site clinic/physician, first aid supplies现场诊所/医生，紧急救护品Fire extinguishers灭火器Fall protection accessories incl. tie-off adapters, retractable lifelines, rope grabs, lifeline, beamers跌落保护附件包括卡环，伸缩式救生索，绳套，保险绳，卷轴机等Monitoring equipment(if necessary)监测设备（如必要）Safety fencing, barricade pipe, paint, tape安全围栏，路障管线，油漆，警示带Safety boarding for each entrance每个进出口的安全警示牌Safety signage for work area, storage area and lay down施工区域，材料存放区域和加工区域的安全标语LOTO locks and tags, adapters, ties挂牌上锁所需锁具，挂牌及配件Eye wash/shower stations(if necessary)洗眼器/淋浴间（如必要）Substance abuse testing (if required by client)药品酒精测试（如业主要求）Orientation and training，安全指导和培训Sanitation & Environmental,卫生和环境保护Drinking water supply饮用水供应Adequate temporary site toilet facilities and maintenance足够的现场临时厕所设施和维护Record drawings (As-built) 竣工图纸Site housekeeping % cleanup现场清洁及文明施工Government Approval Fee政府审批费用Water & Power Supply Fee水电费4 Interior Decoration室内装修Twice coating of anti-molding emulsion paint防霉乳胶漆二道gypsum panel suspended ceiling板吊顶light steel standard frame轻钢龙骨标准骨架moisture proof gypsum panel防潮石膏板The mineral panel suspended ceiling矿棉板吊顶A-alloy panel suspended ceiling: 铝合金饰面板吊顶light steel standard ceiling frame with a-alloy panel 轻钢龙骨标准骨架，铝合金饰面板Curtain installation安装窗帘Sub-total 小计:Washing pool洗涤池Marble washing desk, stone thickness 20mm大理石洗手台石材厚20mm Toilet partition卫生间成品隔断Glass mirror front washing desk thickness 5洗手台前5厚玻璃银镜Toilet squatting厕所蹲位Tissue box 手纸盒Soap rack 香皂架Towel horse 毛巾架Induced hand dryer感应式烘手机cement mortar水泥砂浆Black marble wallbase黑金刚石材踢脚线Conductive terrazzo wallbase防静电水磨石踢脚线Stainless steel railing 不锈钢楼梯扶手Red acajou finishes door 红桃木纹面模压门White plastic-steel window 白色塑钢平开窗Class III fire rated wooden door 木制丙级防火门Class II fire rated metal door钢制乙级防火门Colored metal door (celandine green)玻镁彩色钢板门（浅灰绿色）Inter scaffold (steel pipe) industry construction里脚手架(钢管) 工业建筑Full scaffold满堂脚手架Vertical transmit work垂直运输工程Trash settlement 建筑垃圾外运Kitchen facility厨房设备Company LOGO 公司招牌Stainless steel bar 拉丝不锈钢条5 Plumbing Work 给排水及消防Hot water pipe 热水管Electrical water heater 商用电热水器Domestic electrical water heater 家用电热水器Lavatory 洗手盆WC Pan座便器Squat蹲便器Urinal 小便器Bathtub 浴盆Shower淋浴器Automatic exhaust steam valve自动排气阀Stop valve截止阀6 Electrical Work电气工程Kitchen ventilator control panel 抽油烟机控制箱Distribution panel配电箱Electric wiring电气配线Control cable控制电缆Concealed Metal tube 暗敷金属软管Cable bridge钢制篮式电缆桥架Cable support fabrication and installation (galvanized steel angle) 电缆支架制作、安装（镀锌角钢）Chisel groove, dig trench, brick structure, 70mm width × 70mm depth凿槽、刨沟砖结构宽×深（mm以内）70×70Single phase, two and three poles socket 250V,10A 单相二三极插座250V,10ASingle phase, three poles socket 单相三极插座Two-way single-control switch 单联单控开关Three-way double-control switch双联双控开关Wall light壁灯Mirror light 镜前灯Fog light 防雾灯Recessed light panel 嵌入式格栅灯盘Single waterproof and dustproof electronic support防水防尘单支电子支架Ceiling-mounted light 吸顶灯Recessed tube-light 嵌入式筒灯tube-light 筒灯Single light 单头斗胆灯Spot light 射灯Light belt 灯带Emergency fire light, PAK-Y10-208 2×3W 1.5h Emergency time 消防应急照明灯 PAK-Y10-208 2×3W 应急时间1.5hExit direction light, LED light, Emergency time≥1.5h 疏散指示标志灯 LED发光应急时间≥1.5hSwitch connection box开关接线盒7 TV System电视系统TV System 电视系统Video joint视频接头Video socket视频插座CATV amplifier有线电视放大器Concealed galvanized wire duct 暗敷镀锌电线管Curtain wall 幕墙公司8 DAYWORK - SCHEDULE OF RATES 日工--时工作费率表Unskilled labor杂工Skilled labor技工Soil excavator挖土工Bricklayer泥水匠Formwork fixer模板工Rebar fixer钢筋工Drainlayer管道敷设工Painter油漆工Steel & Metal worker铁工和金工Carpenter & Joiner木工Electrician电工Scaffolder脚手架工Plumber水管工Ventilation worker通风工Instrument worker仪表工Electric welding worker电焊工Gas welding worker气焊工Insulation worker保温工Non-destructive test worker非破坏性试验工Decoration Drawings 装修图纸楼梯间 STAIRCASE门厅 HALL等候室 WAITING ROOM会议室 MEETING ROOM走廊 CORRIDOR8厚防滑面砖8mm thick non-slip tile25厚灰麻石材25mm thick gray crushed granite8厚抛光耐磨砖8mm thick polish wear resisting tiles 娱乐室 RECREATION ROOM餐厅CANTEEN小餐厅 DINING ROOM卫生间 SANITARY淋浴 SHOWER更衣 CHANGING ROOM热水间 HOT WATER ROOM备用办公室SPARE OFFICE总经理室 GENERAL MANAGER JV1休息室 REST ROOM库房 STORE ROOM铝合金饰面板Alu-alloy finishes panel承载龙骨矿棉板Ceiling grid mineral wool board胡桃木饰面Walnut wooden finishes防霉白色乳胶漆Mould proofing white latex painting 5厘银镜5mm silver glass12厘底喷漆玻璃12mm painting glass25厚灰麻石材25mm thick gray crushed granite双层9厘石膏板Double-layer plasterboard decorative ceiling with 8 thick 8厘磨沙玻璃8mm frosted glass防静电水磨石地面Conductive terrazo flooring黑金刚石材Black diamond蒙古黑石材Mongolia black marble当张立面号Elevation NO.单个立面所在图纸号Elevation drawing NO立面所在图纸号Elevation drawing NO.当张剖面号Section NO.剖切位置Section direction当张大样图号Detail No.大样图范围Detail scope饰面材料类别Decoration material type材料名Type Detail-D高柜High cabinets消防栓Fire hydrant悬挂活动帘Hanging movable curtains金属卷闸Metal rolling shutter地弹玻璃门及支点Ground spring glass door and pivot实心双扇门、单扇门Solid double swing door single墙身上玻璃窗Window in wall玻璃内隔墙或饰面Glass partition wall or finishing玻璃外围护墙Glass fence剖建筑边线Decoration line材料起铺点Material start laying point上、下楼梯或上、下坡方向stairs or stop direction装修均分中心线Decoration centerline平面标高Plane elevation建筑柱轴线及编号Construction column axis and ref日光灯盘Fluorescent lamp panel吊灯Hanging light吸顶灯Ceiling light筒灯Downlight方型小筒灯Small square downlight石英灯Quartz lamp双头豆胆灯Double spot lamp导轨、射灯Rail spotlights日光灯藏光Fluorescent lamp with hidden light壁灯Wall lamp镜前灯Mirror headlight出风口Exhaust air vent回风口Return air vent鲜风口Fresh air vent风向Wind direction排气扇Exhaust fan监控器及支点Monitor and pivot纲丝网Steel mesh砌块Building blocks砾石、卵石Gravel,Pebbles石材Stone material夹板Clamping plank轻质砖Light -weight brick砖饰面Brick finishing水泥沙浆Cement mortar纤维质隔音吸音层Fiber sound -insulated sound absorption layer 隔音板Celotex acoustic board石膏板Plaster board实木方Solid flitch木饰面Wooden facing空调机具或空调机房HVAC equipment & room防火卷闸Five rapid rolling doorE&M Disciplines 机电专业分类名词（一）化工工艺及系统chemical process and system1管道Pipeline无缝钢管Seamless steel tube2球阀Ball valve止回阀Check valve呼吸阀Breathing valve蝶阀butterfly valve截止阀stop valve直埋式闸阀Directly-buried gate valve3管件Fitting90°弯头90°Elbow等经三通straight tee异经三通reduced tee异径管Reducing pipe4法兰Flange带颈对焊钢法兰Welding neck Flange带颈平焊钢法兰Slip On Flange法兰盖blind flange5垫片Gasket无石棉垫片without asbestos gasket•增强聚四氟乙烯垫片Solidified PTFE gasket丁氰橡胶垫片butadiene-acrylonitrile rubber gasket6螺栓和螺母Bolt and nut单头螺栓Single-end bolt双头螺柱Double-end bolt螺母Nut7 others金属软管Metallic flexible hose篮式过滤器Basket type filter阳接头quick connector阴接头female connector8保温Insulation硅酸铝镁管壳Aluminum silicate fiber pipe shell硅酸铝镁弯头Aluminum silicate fiber elbow铝合金板Aluminum alloy plate•9油漆Coatings环氧富锌底漆Epoxy zinc rich primer环氧富锌中间漆Epoxy zinc rich intermediate paint环氧富锌面漆Epoxy zinc rich finish paint（二）布置与配管layout and piping保冷材料cold preservation表面处理Surface treatment管道公称压力Nominal pressure of pipeline（三）供配电power supply1 罐区Tank Farm输送泵Transfer Pump卸料泵Discharge Pump树脂卸料泵Resin Discharge Pump溶剂卸料泵Solvent Discharge Pump电加热器Electric Heater贮槽电伴热Electric Heat Tracing2消防站Fire Fighting Station潜水排污泵submerged sewage pump闸门Gate消防稳压泵Fire fighting constant pressure pump柴油机消防泵Diesel Engine Fire Fighting Pump电动消防泵Electric Fire Fighting Pump轴流风机Axial-flow Air-blower照明Lighting3溶剂涂料生产车间Solvent Coating Production Workshop 高速分散机High Speed Dispersion Machine砂磨机Grinding Machine混合罐搅拌器Agitator of Blending Tank包装机Packing Machine电动葫芦Electric Block装料线Charging Line乳胶输送泵Latex Transfer Pump4洗桶间Barrel Washing House溶剂回收装置Solvent Recycling Unit清洗装置Cleaning Unit5生产车间通风用电Power for ventilation in workshop防爆除尘器机组Explosion-proof Dust-separation Unit防爆型送风箱Explosion-proof Wind Box防爆型排风机Explosion-proof Exhaust Blower分体式空调wall split type air conditioner6生产车间照明用电换气扇Ventilator挂壁式空调Wall-type Air Conditioner自行车棚Bicycle Shed仪表电源Instrumentation Power Supply7废水处理站Waste water treatment station雨水泵Rain Water Pump污水提升泵Sewage Lifting Pump厌氧循环泵anaerobic circulation pump生物污泥回流泵Active mud reflux pump污泥螺杆泵Mud Screw Pump污泥压滤机Mud pressing machine投药泵Charging Pump鼓风机Blower其它予留Reserved8废气处理站Waste gas treatment station溶剂涂料低浓度有机废气系统low concentration organic waste gas system in solvent coating workshop实验室低浓度有机废气系统low concentration organic waste gas system in laboratory研发大楼喷漆废气系统spray paint waste gas system in R&D building粉尘涂料粉尘废气系统Dust-contained waste gas system in powder coating unit水性涂料粉尘废气系统Dust-contained waste gas system in water-based coating unit喷粉室粉尘废气系统Dust-contained waste gas system in powder-spray house除尘配套风机Auxiliary blower in dust-removal unit热水器Heater有机废气处理配套风机Auxiliary blower in organic waste gas treatment unit9配料工段Pre-mixing Unit配料工段用电Power for Pre-mixing Unit轴流风机axial flow blower10仓库warehouse防爆屋顶通风机Explosion-proof roof blower11辅助生产设施Auxiliary Production Equipments全性能水冷螺杆空压机Integrated water-cooled screw air compressor风冷螺杆冷水机组Air-cooled chiller冷水机循环泵Water chiller circulation pump冷水泵Cold water pump水冷螺杆空压机Water-cooled screw air compressor防爆轴流通风机Explosion-proof axis-flow blower轴流通风机axis-flow blower风能恒温恒湿机Air-cooled thermostatic and humidstatic air conditioner挂壁式空调Wall-type Air Conditioner风冷式风管机Wind cooled Air conditioner柜式机空调packaged air conditioner冷却塔Cooling Column循环水泵Water Circulating Pump太阳能热水系统Solar Heating System综合水处理器Integrated Water Treatment Unit机修用电Power for maintenance workshop12办公大楼/研发中心Office Building/R&D Center模块风冷冷水机组Module Packaged Air-Cooled Water Cooling Unit冷冻水泵Chilled Water Pump定压装置补水泵Water make-up pump for Press Equipment空调末端通风换气设备Ventilation equipment at the outlet of air conditioner 喷泉潜水泵Submerged Pump for Fountain研发中心研发用电Power for R&D Center13设备材料equipment material变电所及辅助生产设施Substation and Auxiliary Facilities开关柜switch cabinet干式变压器Dry type transformer低压抽屉式开关柜low voltage drawer type switch cabinet直流电源屏DC power supply screen照明配电箱lighting distribution box插座箱socket box热镀锌钢制电缆桥架hot galvanizing steel cable tray电缆cable低压电缆low voltage cable柴油发电机diesel generator diesel generator检修电源箱maintenance switch box不间断电源装置uninterrupted power supply equipment密集型母线intensive bus按钮盒button box防爆按钮盒explosion proof button box总等电位接地箱equal potential grounding box局部等电位接地箱local equal potential grounding box防爆检修电源箱explosion proof maintenance switch box防爆照明配电箱explosion proof lighting distribution box防爆按钮explosion proof button防爆照明开关explosion proof lighting switch全塑防爆平台荧光灯full plastic explosion proof fluorescent lamp全塑防爆单项壁式插座full plastic explosion proof single wall type socket等电位接地箱equal potential grounding box动力配电箱power distribution box工厂罩隔爆金卤灯explosion proof halogen light低压抽屉式开关柜low voltage drawer type switch cabinet全塑防爆三项壁式插座full plastic explosion proof three phase wall type socket 铁壳开关metal shell switch滑触线grinding lines全塑防爆单项壁式插座full plastic explosion proof single wall type socket KBO系列控制与保护开关电器KBO series control and protect switch甲类仓库Class A warehouse防爆路灯(钠灯) explosion proof street light (sodium light)钢管Steel pipe四给排水supply and drainage of water生活给水系统（卫生间）Domestic water supply system（toilet）钢衬塑三通Plastic lining steel tee钢衬塑异径管Plastic lining steel Reducer中水给水系统（卫生间）Reclaimed water supply system（toilet）实验室生产给水Production water supply for laboratory卫生器具sanitary ware低水箱坐便器lower cistern sitting wc pan自闭式冲洗阀小便器self-closing urinal flusher urinal洗手盆wash-basin拖布盆Mop Tub basin生活排水domestic water drainage直通式地漏straight floor drain堵头pipe stopper检查口checking point通气帽Ventilated Caps雨水排水Rain water drainage同心异径接头Concentric reducer带锁定装置蝶阀Butterfly Valve with Locking Device卡箍接头Clasp Joint沟槽式同心异径接头Grooved concentric reducer洗眼器排水Eye Washer Drainage材料球墨铸铁ductile cast iron锻钢Forged Steel可锻铸铁malleable iron陶瓷ceramic五采暖通风与空气调节HV AC system镀锌钢板Galvanized Steel Panel栅格送风口Grid Supply Port网式风口Net Supply Port多叶阀multi-blade Valve斜插板阀slope plug valve伞形罩Umbrella style cover带筋软接吸风罩Soft exhaust cover三防布软接管canvas soft connection六消防Fire fighting system消防站Fire fighting Station泡沫罐Foam tank消防稳压罐Steady pressure fire fighting tank手提式磷酸铵盐干粉灭火器Portable dry powder fire extinguishers 推车式磷酸铵盐干粉灭火器Wheel dry powder fire extinguishersClassification of Building Products建筑产品分类一. .结构structure1 钢结构steel structure屋盖roof钢梁steel beam钢柱steel column钢结构房屋体系steel structure building system构筑件components钢结构防腐steel structure corrosion防火材料fire protection钢结构连接steel structure joints and fasteners2 混凝土结构concrete structure预应力混凝土板prestressed concrete slab钢筋steel wire钢绞线steel strand锚具anchorage桩及桩技术pile and generic information预制混凝土建筑构件precast concrete混凝土外加剂concrete additives混凝土模板concrete forms构配件accessories钢筋连接concrete reinforcement fastenings钢筋与水泥concrete reinforcement and cement3 铝合金结构aluminum structure4 索,模结构cable-supported, stress-skin structure5 木结构wood structure6塑料结构plastics structure7 工程软件engineering software8 建筑隔振器building vibration isolator9 锚固连接anchoring10 结构加固structure reinforcing11 砌体结构masonry structure12 特种施工设备，机具，脚手架construction facilities，tools and scaffolding13 施工专用技术construction engineering14 市政工程municipal engineering二. 维护，分隔结构及防护材料envelop, partition structure and protection materials1 墙体材料wall materials砖brick砌块block板材panels墙体配套材料wall auxiliary materials2 外墙保温exterior insulation and finish system for walls3 门和窗doors and windows特种门窗special door and windows天窗skylights门窗配件door and windows hardwares4 建筑幕墙curtain walls5 屋面roofing屋面板roof panels瓦tiles采光屋顶unit skylights种植屋面planted roof6 防水材料water-proof materials防水卷材sheet waterproofing防水涂料fluid-applied water-proofing金属防水板metal roofing sheet密封材料sealants and sealers混凝土注浆和堵漏材料concrete filling and caulking materials刚性防水材料rigid waterproofing materials复合防水compound waterproofing materials7 绝热材料thermal insulation materials8 防火材料fireproofing materials9吸声材料acoustical insulation materials10 建筑玻璃glazing11 建筑部品building components排气道air exhaust duct变形缝expansion joint assemblies12 防控地下室防护设备air-raid basement protection equipment13 建筑用不锈钢stainless steel三. 室内外装修finishes1 装修材料finish material木材，木质人造板wood ,polywood board装饰板decorative board装饰石材decorative building stone地板flooring地毯carpet陶瓷墙地砖ceramic tile建筑涂料coating古建装修材料ancient building finish materials装饰玻璃ornamental glass建筑胶粘剂adhesives壁纸/壁布wall paper , cloth装修腻子lacquer putty2 装饰饰品decorative parts吊顶suspended ceilings装饰门窗ornamental door/windows遮阳雨棚sun shade canopy装饰楼梯ornamental stairs隔断partitions装饰构件ornamental structure accessories3 家具furniture四室外设施道路及室外地坪road and pavements大门，围栏，挡墙土gate, fence, retaining wall标识sign旗杆，灯杆,工艺塔flag pole, light pole, process tower娱乐，健身场地设施entertainment, health facilities景观设施Landscaping facilities室外照明exterior lighting五厨房，卫生间设备kitchen equipment厨房设备kitchen equipment家用厨房设备residential kitchen equipment业务厨房设备business kitchen equipment卫生间设备bathroom and toilet fixtures洗衣设备laundry equipments附件及配件accessories六建筑附属机械设备building accessories equipment电梯elevators电动扶梯自动人行道escalator, moving walks机械停车设备mechanical parking facilities擦窗机scrub windows equipment舞台机械设备stage mechanical equipment七建筑给水排水设备pumping/drainage fixtures and equipment1 建筑给水设备pumping equipment水泵water pumps给水箱water tank增压给水设备boosters建筑给水处理设备water treatment equipment2 建筑排水设备water drainage equipment潜水排污泵submerged sewage equipment小区生活污水处理设备community domestic sewage treatment equipment中水设施equipment and facilities of reclaimed water屋面雨水收集处理装置roof rainwater collection/treatment equipment医院污水处理设备hospital sewage treatment equipment特殊单立管排水系统special dingle-stack water drainage equipment新型土工合成排水材料new type earth synthetic drainage materials同层排水系统same floor drainage system3 建筑供热水设备building hot water supply equipment集中供热水设备central heating water supply systems局部供热水设备terminal water heaters4 建筑消防设备building fire-fighting equipment室内外消火栓indoor/outdoor hydrant自动喷水灭火系统automated fire suppression sprinkler system气体消防灭火系统gas fire –extinguishing system消防水泵，消防气压罐fire pump fire membrane tank大空间智能型主动喷水灭火系统large-space intelligent active control sprinkler system 消防配件fire-fighting accessories5 特殊建筑给水排水设备water supply/drainage specialties水景设备，喷泉，喷灌设备waterscape facility, fountain, sprinkler irrigation游泳池设备swimming pool facilities医疗用气系统及设备medical gas supply system and equipment6 循环冷却水系统circuiting cooling water system冷却塔cooling tower循环水水质处理设备circuiting water quality treatment equipment7消声隔振系统noise and vibration isolation equipment隔振元件vibration isolation component水锤吸纳器water hammer absorber8 管材与管件pipes, tubes and pipe specialties混凝土管,水泥管concrete and cement pipe金属管metal pipe塑料管plastic pipe复合管composite pipe金属软管flexible metal hose特殊用途管附件special tube fittings保温防结露thermal insulation/ anti-condensation9阀门仪表valve and meters10 防空地下室专用设备air-raid basement special equipment八供热，通风，制冷及空调设备heating ventilation &refrigeration and air conditioner instrument1 冷热源设备cooling and heating production equipment锅炉boiler电动压缩式冷水机组compression-cycle chiller driven by electricity热泵型冷热谁装置heat pump冷水机组chiller直然型溴化锂吸收式冷温水机组direct-fired libr absorption chillerBromize 溴化Lithium 锂蓄冷装置thermal storage equipment换热机组heating exchange unit2 供热设备heating equipment户用燃气供暖设备gas-fired heater室内散热设备thermal heating equipment3 通风及防排烟设备ventilation and smoke exhaust equipment通风机fan室内换气设备indoor air exchanger消防专用通风设备ventilation equipment for fire protection引射通风管ejection fan消声器muffler风管duct风口air opening4 空调设备air conditioner equipment组合式空调机组packaged air conditioner集中式空调机组central air conditioner unit机房专用空调机precision air conditioner unit for computer room洁净手术室用空调机组air conditioner unit for clean operation room除湿机加湿器dehumidifier humidifier空气热回收装置air-heat-recovery device空调末端装置terminal device房间空气调节剂room air conditioner5 空气净化设备air cleaning equipment空气过滤器air filter6 阀门，仪表及管材valve meter and pipe7 防空地下室通风设备air-raid defense basement ventilation equipment九燃气设备gas-fired equipment1 中，低压燃气设备medium/low pressure gas-fired equipment中低压燃气调压装置medium/low pressure regulator中低压燃气管道medium/low pressure gas-fired pipe中低压燃气调压站及管道的附属设备medium/low pressure gas-fired regulator station and piping auxiliary equipment2 室内燃气设备indoor gas-fired equipment室内燃气管道indoor gas-fired piping燃气计量仪表gas-fired meter燃气用具gas-fired appliance安全装置safety apparatus十建筑电气设备electrical equipment1 高压配电装置及高压电器high-voltage power distribution equipment and high-voltage electrical equipment高压配电装置high-voltage power distribution equipment高压电器high-voltage electrical equipment控制及继电保护装置control and relay protection equipment2低压配电装置及低压电器low-voltage power distribution equipment and low-voltage electrical equipment低压配电装置low-voltage power distribution equipment低压断路器，剩余电流保护器low-voltage circuit breaker, residual current protector接触器，电机启动器contactor, starter (starting box)电源切换系统及元器件power supply switch system and component热继电器电机保护器thermorelay and motor protector隔离器，隔离开关，熔断器组合电器disconnector , switch-disconnnector , low-voltage fuse cutout低压负荷开光low-voltage switches电工测量及自动控制仪表electrotechnical measurement and automatic control instrument3 变压器及电源系统transformer and power system配电变压器transformer预装式变电站transformer substation柴油发电机组diesel generation unit应急电源装置emergency power supply直流电源屏DC current panel热点联供co-generation电力测控设备power measurement and control4 防雷及接电装置lighting protection and earthing device防雷及过电压保护装置lightning protection and overvoltage protector接地装置earthing device降阻器resistance reducer5 照明开关,插座lighting switch and sockets6照明装置及调光设备lighting system and lighting dimmer电光源electric light sources照明灯具lighting instrument调光设备lighting dimmer照明配件lighting accessories舞台设备stage equipment7 输，配电器材power transmission/distribution equipment电线电缆wire/cable母线electrical bus预制分支电力电缆pre-branching cable电缆桥架及线槽cable bridge and wire casing电线电缆附件wire /cable accessories电线电缆配线管材wire/cable layout tubing网络地板network floor boarding8 电器信号装置及光电显示设备electric signaling device and photoelectricity display device 医院呼叫系统hospital call bell system体育比赛计时计分系统sports match timing/scoring显示设备display facilities9 电器消防及报警装置detection and alarm火灾自动报警系统fire automatic alarm system指示标志identification devices10 广播及有限电视系统，同声传译及会议系统broadcast and CATV system , simultaneous interpretation and conference system扩声及有限广播系统public address and wire broadcasting system同声传译及会议系统simultaneous interpretation and conference system有限电视系统CA TV system卫星电视系统satellite TV system11 建筑设备自动化系统building automation system建筑设备监控系统building control system智能家具运行系统intelligent house control system远程秒表及计费系统long-distance meter reading and billing system照明设施控制系统lighting equipment control system停车场管理系统parking lot management system12 安全防范系统security protection system电视监控系统CCTV system楼宇对讲系统building talkback system入侵报警系统intrude alarm system巡更系统patrol system门禁系统access system13 通讯网络系统communication network system程控数字交换系统program control digital switching equipment综合布线系统integrated wiring system通讯电缆communication cable通讯配线设备communication cable device计算机网络设备network equipment无线移动通讯设备wireless communication equipment14 智能化系统集成intelligent system integration15 工程软件engineering software。
主要分部分项工程质量控制措施
主要分部分项工程质量控制措施主要分部分项工程质量控制措施1.基坑支护及开挖工程质量控制措施1.1.XXX开挖质量控制重点及措施在土方开挖过程中，应重点控制土方的质量。
为此，需要采取以下措施：对各种影响土方开挖质量的因素进行分析，并选择合适的仪器，制定科学、可行的开挖方案。
做好基坑及周边环境的检测工作，及时发现问题并采取措施解决。
1.2.基坑及周边环境检测质量控制重点基坑及周边环境检测是确保基坑支护工程质量的重要措施。
为此，需要重点控制以下方面：基坑周边环境的监测，及时发现地下水位、土体变形等问题。
基坑支护结构的检测，保证支护结构的稳定性和安全性。
2.测量工程质量控制措施2.1.测量工程质量控制重点及措施在测量工程中，需要重点控制以下方面：分析各种影响测量结果的因素，选择合适仪器，制定科学、可行的测量方案。
做好施工的测量标桩、建筑物的定位线和高程水准点的保护，定期专人复核。
根据施工进度和测量方案，安排测量放线工作，作好测量日志。
对现场使用的测量仪器设备进行检校维护、保养并作好记录，发现问题后立即将仪器设备送检。
在测量放线作业过程中，严格执行“三检制”，包括自检、互检和交接检。
2.2.测量质量控制流程3.模板工程质量控制措施3.1.板缝处理3.1.1.顶板拼缝为了保证顶板的质量，需要采取以下措施：采用硬拼缝，即模板与模板之间不粘贴海绵条。
当模板边局部有损坏时，应切除损坏部分以免影响拼缝质量。
在顺次龙骨方向两块模板的拼缝处应有次龙骨木方，当木方按设计间距排列在此处无木方时，应附加木方。
为了保护黑模板周边不被损坏且提高模板周转率，采用封边漆对黑模板定期封边。
3.1.2.墙拼缝为了保证墙体拼接的质量，需要采取以下措施：在木模墙体拼组时，各块模板拼缝处要粘贴憎水性海绵条，并往后退2~3mm，保证模板挤压时与模板持平。
木方次背楞与模板面及与φ48双钢管外背楞要求接触严密，接触严密能更好地保证模板整体刚度，保证墙面平整不涨模。
铝合金模板技术规范
铝合金模板技术规范DBJ 15-XX-2020备案号J×××××-2020铝合金模板技术规范Technical code of aluminum alloy formwork(征求意见稿)2020-XX-XX 公布2020-XX-XX 实施广东省住房和城乡建设厅发布广东省标准铝合金模板技术规范Technical code of aluminum alloy formworkDBJ 15-XX-2020批准部门：广东省住房和城乡建设厅施行日期：2 0 1 2 年XX 月XX 日XXX 出版社2020广州广东省住房和城乡建设厅公告第XXXX号关于公布广东省地点标准《铝合金模板技术规范》的公告现批准《铝合金模板技术规范》为广东省地点标准，编号为DBJ 15-XX-2020，自2020年XX月XX日起实施。
本规范由我厅科教处组织XXX出版社出版发行。
广东省住房和城乡建设厅2020年X月X日前言依照广东省住房和城乡建设厅《关于下达广东省标准〈铝合金模板技术规范〉编制任务的通知》（粤建科函[2020]7号），编制组通过广泛的调查研究，认真总结实践体会，参考有关国家标准，并在广泛征求意见的基础上，编制了本规范。
本规范的要紧技术内容是：1. 总则；2. 术语和符号；3. 差不多规定；4. 模板工程材料；5. 模板工程的设计；6. 模板工程的施工；7. 模板工程的验收；8. 拆除、修理与保管。
本规范由广东省住房和城乡建设厅负责治理，广东建星建筑工程负责具体技术内容的说明。
执行过程中如有意见或建议，请寄送广东建星建筑工程（地址：珠海市吉大景山路银隆大厦九层，邮政编码：519015，E-mail: office@constar-gd ）。
本规范主编单位：广东省建筑科学研究院广东建星建筑工程本规范参编单位：广东省建设工程质量安全监督检测总站珠海市建设工程质量监督检测站广东建星环保广东合迪科技本规范要紧起草人员：徐其功王爱志盛国赛程敏林少锋马伟民汤泂乔军志李素华曾献基徐劲陈文辉本规范要紧审查人员：目次1 总则 (1)2 术语 (2)3 差不多规定..................................... (3)3.1 一样规定 (3)3.2 组成和要求 (3)4 模板工程材料 (4)4.1 材料 (4)4.2 制作和加工 (9)5 模板工程的设计 (10)5.1 一样规定 (10)5.2 刚度及强度验算 (11)5.3 配板设计 (11)5.4 支承系统的设计 (12)6 模板工程的施工 (13)6.1 施工预备 (13)6.2 安装 (14)6.3 安全要求 (15)7 模板工程的验收 (17)7.1 设计、制作验收 (17)7.2 安装验收 (21)8 拆除、修理与保管 (23)8.1 拆除 (23)8.2 修理与保管 (23)附录A 铝合金模板的构件标准及用途 (25)附录B 铝模板规格编码表 (27)附录C 平面模板截面特点 (29)附录D 铝模板配件规格及截面特点 (32)附录E 铝合金模板荷载试验方法 (34)附录F 铝模板质量检验评定方法 (35)附录G 钢支柱荷载试验及质量检验方法 (39)附录H 抽样方法 (41)附录J 铝模板面积、质量换算表 (43)本规范用词说明 (47)Contents1 General Provinsions (1)2 Terms (2)3 Basic Regulations (3)3.1 General Requirements (3)3.2 Components and Requirements (3)4 Material of Formwork (4)4.1 Material (4)4.2 Manufacture (9)5 Design of Formwork (10)5.1 General Requirements (10)5.2 Checking of Rigidity and Strength (11)5.3 Design of Template (11)5.4 Design of Supporting System (12)6 Construction of Formwork (13)6.1 Preparation (13)6.2 Fabrication (14)6.3 Safety Requirements (15)7 Acceptance of Formwork (17)7.1 Acceptance of Design and Manufacture .. 177.2 Acceptance of Fabrication (21)8 Demolition and Maintainance (23)8.1 Demolition (23)8.2 Maintainance (23)Appendix A Application Range of Aluminum AlloyFormwork Members (25)Appendix B Specification of Aluminum Alloy Formwork (27)Appendix C Dimensional Characteristic of Formwork (29)Appendix D Specification and DimensionalCharacteristic of Formwork Accessory.. 32 Appendix E Loading Test for Formwork System (34)Appendix F Quality Criteria for Formwork System.. 34 Appendix G Loading Test and Quality Criteria for Steel Strut (39)Appendix H Sampling Method (41)Appendix J Area and Weight of Different Templates (43)Explanation of Wording in This Specification (47)1 总则1.0.1为在工程建设中加强对铝模板系统的技术治理，提高铝合金模板产品的制作和使用质量，提高模板的周转使用成效，提高综合经济效益，制定本技术规范。
建筑英语之-模板
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Lumber n.木材 Plywood n.胶合板，层压木板 Screw n.螺打 Accessory a.附属的，补充的 plywood form 胶合模板 steel form 钢模板 Disassemble v.拆卸，分解 Precaution n.顿防，警悔，防范 Insulation n.隔热，保温 aluminum form 铝模板 plastic form 塑料模板 Fiberglass n.玻璃纤维 Lightweight a.轻质的 internal friction 内摩擦 Magnitude n.大小，数量
Lesson 27 Formwork
模板
Words
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consistent with意为“与致” setting of the cement意为“水泥的凝固” form tie意为“模板拉杆” architectural concrete意为“装饰用混 凝土” handling equipment意为“吊运设备， 装卸设备” fiberglass plastic form意为“玻纤增强 塑料模板” permanent a.永久的、持久的 Underdesign n.安全系数不足的设计 Overdesign n.安全系数过大的设计， solid substance 固态物质 Attain v.达到，获得 Semiliquid n.半流体 Plastic a.塑性的，可塑的 Exert v.施加（压力等） Cement n.水泥，胶凝材料 Deposit v.堆积，有效，沉淀；n
lumber plastics steel
hardboard
哈芬连接件
FAÇADEDimensioning of MVA / FA acc. to General building approval Z-21.8-1979NE W !GeneralHALFEN SP Sandwich panel anchors HALFEN offers three different types of anchors to connect facing and load-bearing layers of sandwich elements.• SP-SPA Sandwich panel anchors • SP-FA Flat anchors• SP-MVA Sleeve anchors HALFEN SP benefits• quick and easy assembly• easy planning with thefree HALFEN Software• safety through building authority approvals• EnEV-compatible with minimal thermal bridges• sustainability through high corrosion resistant stainless steel• combination of different systemsfor high versatility, for example in thin building components and above openingsDedicated software to ease calculation and selection of correct anchor typesMain benefits• interactive, easy to use graphical user interface (GUI)• time efficient, quick and easy input of virtually any slab geometry• design calculation of each restraint tie and all supporting, horizontalanchors• only statically required anchors and pins are displayed • cost effective economical design• verifiable printout with detailedresults• all anchor and pin positions remainfreely adjustable• variable wind-load input• software takes the actual windloads (project-/country-specific)into account instead of using astandard basic method• lower wind loads increases anchorresidual load bearing capacitiesresulting in cost-effective designs• heat transmission-value calculationevaluates thermal bridging effectsof anchors• unfavourable standard DIN 4108calculation methods are avoidedby accurate calculation of thermalbridgesContentsGeneral 2Anchor systems 4Basics of design calculation 5Overview of available anchors 6Anchor types 8Supporting anchors 8Torsion anchors/Horizontal anchors 10Restraint ties 11Anchor calculation 12Supporting systems 20 Fulcrum of the sandwich panels 21Mixed systems and special solutions 22Diagrams of supporting systems 24Support system MVA 24Support system MVA-FA 24Support system FA-FA 25Support system SPA-SPA 26 Assembly and installation 28Placing anchors in the face-down production process 28Placing pins and ties 29Placing the heat insulation layer 30Placing anchors in the face-up production process 31Basics 32 Production processes 33Deformation in the sandwich-panels 34Geometric boundary conditions 36Designing the facing layer 36Designing the load-bearing layer 36Designing the corner elements 36Panel lengths 37Further products for Sandwich panels 38 Transport anchor TPA/KKT 38Precast panel connector HVL 39Betojuster HBJ 39Supporting SystemsSupporting anchorssee page 8Supporting anchors are primarily re-sponsible for carrying the resulting ver-tical loads from the dead load of thefacing layer. Eccentric loads (planned or unplanned) should also be taken into account, as well as horizontal loads from wind, warping etc.The torsion anchor in the MVA system has to carry any eccentric forces (planned or unplanned).In the systems SP-FA and SP-SPA the function of the horizontal anchors is to carry horizontally acting forces (for example: from panels hanging askew on the crane, impact forces during lifting or wind forces on soffits).Restraint ties carry the forces acting vertically to the panel surface resulting from temperature-deformation, wind or adhesion to formwork.Torsion anchors / Horizontal anchors see page 10Restraint tiessee page 11The horizontal anchors must be sufficiently dimensioned to allow for loads when panels are rotated for transport.Sandwich panels with the MVA sup-porting system have one sleeve anchor as a supporting anchor at the centre of gravity of the facing layer and one torsion anchor. For panels with aMVA-FA supporting system there are 2 supporting anchors (MVA and FA), the sleeve anchor serving simultaneously as a horizontal anchor. Panels with SPA-SPA and FA-FA supporting systems basically have 2 supporting anchors, i.e. anchor groups, and 1 horizontal anchor (in the case of panels rotated for trans-porting, 2 horizontal anchors or anchor groups are usually placed).Function of the anchorsTorsion anchor R estraint tie H orizontal anchor R estraint tieConnector pin Clip-on stirrupClip-on pinAnchor CalculationThe calculation values for the load capacities V R,d , N R,d , M R,d are resistance values taking the partial safety factors for the materials into account.The resistance for V R,d , N R,d , M R,d need to be compared with the partial safety coefficient increased effect V E,d (vertical loads, for example dead load of the facing layer and ifrequired any additional loads present), N E,d (horizontal loads, BasicsDesign loads for HALFEN Softwarefor example from wind loads and deformation) and M E,d (only for the MVA/FA and FA/FA systems) and the specifica-tions in the appropriate approval.The horizontal loads are mainly affected by the geometry of the slab, the raster spacing as well as the position of the anchors.2. Warp loadsThe following influencing factors are to be taken into account to determine warping :4. Distance from anchors to the fulcrum eThe following influencing factors are taken into account when calculating the admissible distances e :• Heat insulation thickness b• Temperature stress according to DIBt guidelines 5/1995:Load-bearing layer temperature (internal, total year) ϑi = + 20°C Facing layer temperature in summer ϑa = + 65°C Facing layer temperature in winter ϑa = - 20°C Temperature differenceCompared to condition at installation △T = ± 45°K• anchor arrangement in a grid with a side-ratio of 0.75 ≤ l X /l Y ≤ 1.33• facing layer thickness f = 70 – 120 mm (further verification is necessary for thicker facing layers)• temperature stresses according to DIBt Guidelines 5/1995: temperature gradient for three-layer panel without venti-lation gap (dark surface) ΔT = ± 5°K1. Vertical LoadsThe dead-weight of the facing layer plus any existing additional loads are to be taken into account as influencing vertical loads.3. W ind loads according to DIN EN 1991-1-4/ NA Germany for SP-FA, SP-MVA and SP-SPAA sandwich panel with an anchor grid of max. l x × l y = 1.20 m × 1.20 m is assumed.The wind design loads in the table [kN/m²] take the fol-lowing assumptions into account :• simplified velocity pressure for buildings heights up to 25 m• applicable for inland regions and wind zones 1 and 2• wind action area ≤ 1 m² (unfavourable assumption)• h/d ≥ 5 (unfavourable assumption)• …Standard region“ i ncludes zone D (for pressure) andB (for suction)• …Periphery region“ i ncludes zone D (for pressure) andA (for suction)The default wind loads in the HALFEN Calculation softwareare for a building with a height ≤ 18 m in a standard region for wind zone 2 (w D,k = 0,80 and w S,k = - 0,88).Other wind loads variables can be entered by the user.Overview of Available AnchorsThe available heights, diameters and lengths of anchors can be found in the following tables.Sleeve anchors MVAFlat anchors FAOverview of Available AnchorsSandwich panel anchors SPAConnector pins SPA-N, stirrup ties SPA-B, clip-on pins SPA-AAnchor TypesSleeve anchors MVA Article name:SP-MVA - height [mm] - Ø D [mm]The cylindrical sleeve anchor has a material thickness of 1.5 mm. The ends have round and oval holes. The round holes are for reinforcement bars and the oval holes are for embedding in the concrete. Sleeve anchors are used in MVA and MVA-FA systems as supporting anchors. The anchors are stamped for identification with their height and diameter.Material: stainless steel A4Flat anchors FA Article name: SP-FA-1 - height [mm] - length [mm] SP-FA-2 - height [mm] - length [mm]SP-FA-3 - height [mm] - length [mm]Flat anchors are supplied in the following material thick-nesses: 1.5 mm, 2.0 mm or 3.0 mm. Two opposite sides have round and oval holes. The round holes are for the reinforcement bars and the oval holes are for embedding in the concrete. Flat anchors are used in MVA-FA and FA-FA systems as supporting anchors. The anchors are identified with a stamp showing anchor height, length and material thickness.Material: stainless steel A4Supporting anchors SP - FA - 2 - 225 - 240Article group Anchor typeMaterial thickness t Anchor height H [mm]Anchor length L [mm]Ordering example:SP - MVA - 225 - 076Article group Anchor typeAnchor height H [mm]Sleeve diameter D [mm]Ordering example:Sandwich panel anchors SPA Article name: SP-SPA-1 - Ø [mm] - height [mm]SP-SPA-2 - Ø [mm] - height [mm]Sandwich panel anchors SP-SPA-1 and SP-SPA-2 are V-shaped anchors of round steel bar diameter 5.0 mm,6.5 mm, 8.5 mm and 10.0 mm. The bent ends serve both as anchorage in the concrete and to secure the reinforcement bars. Sandwich panel anchors are used in SPA-SPA systems as supporting anchors. They are identified by coloured adhesive labels showing type, diameter and height.Material: stainless steel A4Anchor TypesSP - SPA-2 - 09 - 220Article group Anchor typeRound steel bar ø [mm]Anchor height H [mm]Article group Anchor typeRound steel bar ø [mm]Anchor height H [mm]Ordering example:Ordering example:SP - SPA -1 - 09 -220Anchor TypesFlat anchor FAThe flat anchor is used in the MVA system as a torsion anchor and in a FA-FA system as a horizontal anchor.Material: stainless steel A4Sandwich panel anchors SPAThe sandwich panel anchor SP-SPA-1 is used in SPA-SPA systems as a horizontal anchor (where necessary the SP-SPA-2 can also be installed as a horizontal anchor).Material: stainless steel A4Torsion anchors / Horizontal anchorsThe following anchor types can be used in sandwich panels as torsion or as horizontal anchors.Installation of SPA-FA-3 at the precast plantAnchor TypesRestraint tiesConnector pins SPA-NArticle name:SP-SPA-N - Ø [mm] - height [mm]Connector pins are U-shaped bent wires with diameters of 3.0 mm, 4.0 mm, 5.0 mm and 6.5 mm.Both the corrugated ends and the round end of the anchor are embedded in concrete.Clip-on pins SPA-A Article name: SP-SPA-A - Ø [mm] - height [mm]Clip-on pins are connector pins where the U-shaped end is bent 90°.Wire diameters: 3.0 mm, 4.0 mm and 5.0 mm.They are embedded in the concrete at the corrugated end, the other end is hooked to the bars in the reinforcement mat.Stirrup tie (SPA-B)Article name: SP-SPA-B - Ø [mm] - height [mm]Stirrup ties are bent wires with diameters of3.0 mm,4.0 mm and5.0 mm. They are positioned by hooking around the bars in the reinforcement mat.Both ends of the anchor are embedded in concrete.Ordering example:SP - SPA-N - 04 - 220SP - SPA-B - 04 - 220Article group Anchor typeRound steel bar - Ø [mm]Pin height H [mm]Ordering example:Article group Anchor typeRound steel bar - Ø [mm]Stirrup height H [mm]Ordering example:Article group Anchor typeRound steel bar - Ø [mm]Stirrup height H [mm]SP - SPA-A - 04 - 220Material:Note:The special shaped tip guarantees the transfer of tensile and compression forces, even in thin load bearing layers.Anchor CalculationSleeve anchors MVATo calculate the load actions, the dead weight of the facing layer, the wind pressure deformation, the temperature (only ΔT) and if required the ground pressure must be considered.Required input values to calculate the load capacities are the anchor type, thickness of the insulation b and the thickness of the facing layer f.The following types of failure for the MVA must be verified:• pry-out failure• concrete failure under the anchor• steel failureCalculation formulae and load capacities can be foundin the MVA/FA general building approval – Annex 6 and8 to 10.Material for sandwich panel anchors:Stainless steel A4Concrete grade:Facing slab ≥ C 30/37Load bearing slab ≥ C 30/37Reinforcement:Reinforcing steel mesh B500A, B500BRibbed reinforcing bar B500A, B500BMinimum reinforcement for the concrete (facing) layer: Mesh ≥ 1,88 cm²/m in each layer,two layers if f or c ≥ 10 cm N Ed,DV Ed N Ed,ZSleeve anchors MVASelection of anchor height for MVA The height (H) of the sleeve anchor depends on the thickness of the insulation layer (b) and the thickness of the facing layer (f).Support anchors must be located in the facing and load-bearing layers. The number and length of the support anchor depends on the diameter Ø D of the sleeve anchor.Reinforcement for MVAAnchor CalculationMinimum embedding depth of sleeve anchors MVAThe minimum embedding depth (a) of the sleeve anchor depends on the thickness of the facing layer (f) and the thickness of the insulation layer (b).H ≥ 2 × a + bfAnchor CalculationFlat anchor FATo calculate the load actions, the dead weight of the facing layer, the wind pressure deformation, the temperature (only ΔT) and if required the ground pressure must be considered. Required input values to calculate the load capacities are the anchor type, thickness of the insulation b and the thickness of the facing layer f.The following types of failure for the MVA must be verified:• pull-out failure• pry-out failure• concrete failure under the anchor• steel failureCalculation formulae and load capacities can be found in the MVA/FA general building approval – Annex 7 and11 to 14.Material of sandwich panel anchors:Stainless steel A4, L4Concrete grade:Facing slab ≥ C 30/37Load bearing slab ≥ C 30/37Reinforcement:Reinforcing steel mesh B500A, B500BRibbed reinforcing bar B500A, B500BMinimum reinforcement for the concrete (facing) layer: Mesh ≥ 1,88 cm²/m in each layer,two layers if f or c ≥ 10 cm N Ed,DV Ed N Ed,ZAnchor CalculationH ≥ 2 × a + bMinimum embedding depth for flat anchor FAThe minimum embedding depth (a) of the flat anchor in the load-bearing and facing layer is 55 mm.Selecting the anchor height for FA The height of the flat anchor (H) de-pends on the thickness of the insulation layer (b) and the embedding depth (a). Additional reinforcement for FA The anchoring bars have to be placed in the facing and load-bearing layers. The number of reinforcement bars de-pends on the size of the flat anchor.load-bearing layer heat insulation layer facing layerFlat anchor FAN Rd,c [kN]V Rd,c [kN]14.013.012.011.010.09.08.07.06.05.04.03.02.01.00.0Anchor CalculationRequired input values for determining the allowable load-bearing capacity are anchor type, insulation layer thickness b and present horizontal loads.The allowable distances e max depend on the insulation layer thickness b.Sandwich panel anchor SPA As an example, the following demon-strates the steel load-bearing capacity and the limit of concrete load-bearing capacity for sandwich panel anchors SPA-1-09 and SPA-2-09.It explains the procedure for calculating the vertical load-bearing capacity for an insulation layer thickness b = 12 cm and an acting horizontal force of N Ed = 3.0 kN.Example: Load-bearing capacity for SP-SPA with Ø 8.5 mmConcrete load-bearing capacity limit SPA-09Further tables and diagrams are available in the SPA German Building Approval – Appendix 6 to 10Example calculation:Insulation layer thickness = 12 cm Determinant horizontal force N Ed = 3.0 kNSupporting anchor SPA-1-091. Steel load-bearing capacity (vertical)→ V Rd,s = 19.30 − 3.0 = 16.30 kN (a)2.C oncrete load-bearing capacity (vertical)→ VRd,c = 9.0 kN(b)→ C oncrete load-bearing capacity is decisive! VRd = 9.0 kNV N Ed,DN Ed,Z90°(b)ava TSandwich panel anchor SPA Anchor CalculationMaterial for sandwich panel anchors:Stainless steel A4Concrete quality:Facing layer ≥ C 30/37Load-bearing layer ≥ C 30/37 Reinforcement:R einforcing mats B500A, B500B Ribbed reinforcing bars B500A, B500B Minimum reinforcement for the facing layer:Square reinforcement mesh 1.3 cm 2 / mMinimum embedding depth of the SPA Sandwich panel anchorsThe minimum embedding depths a V , and a T in the facing and in the load-bearing layer depend on the diameter of the supporting anchor.values L see page 7Additional reinforcement for SPA Place anchoring bars in the facing and load-bearing layers. The length and diameter of the reinforcing bars depends on the anchor size.90°Anchor Calculationnom nom,v ≥ 15nom nom,v Connector pins SPA-NClip-on pins SPA-AStirrup ties SPA-BØ 3.0 Article name SP-SPA-N-03Ø 4.0 Article name SP-SPA-N-04Ø 5.0 Article name SP-SPA-N-05Ø 6.5 Article name SP-SPA-N-06Ø 3.0 Article name SP-SPA-A-03Ø 4.0 Article name SP-SPA-A-04Ø 5.0 Article name SP-SPA-A-05Ø 3.0 Article name SP-SPA-B-03Ø 4.0 Article name SP-SPA-B-04Ø 5.0 Article name SP-SPA-B-05Restraint ties (connector and clip-on pins and stirrup ties)Material:Stainless steel A4Concrete quality: Facing and load-bearing layer ≥ C 30/37Required input value for determining the admissible horizontal load-bearing strengths N Rd and the maximum admissible distances e max ( table on page 19) is the insulation layer thickness b. Reinforcement:Concrete steel mats B500A, B500B Reinforcement bars B500A, B500BMinimum reinforcement for the facing layer:Square reinforcement mesh 1.3 cm 2/ mValues in white text in dark cells are only allowable with tensile stress!Fulcrum FeSPA-B SPA-NSPA-ASPA-N SPA-ASPA-B f b Anchor CalculationPlease refer to the overview of available anchors on page 7.Supporting Systems1. Supporting and torsion - i.e. horizontal anchorsWhen placing supporting, torsion and horizontal anchors the following boundry conditions should be observed:• the anchors must be situated on the transverse axis of the vertical supporting anchor• the minimum number of anchors and the relativeplacement of the anchors to the centre of gravity depend on the selected support system (see page 21 ff.)• if possible place supporting anchors at grid nodes• keep within the allowable distance of the anchor from the fulcrum• keep within the allowable edge and axis distances • if possible place restraint ties at grid nodes• keep e of the restraint tie within the allowable distance from the fulcrum• observe the allowable edge and axis distances• place two restraint ties at a distance of approximately 20 cm at heavily loaded grid nodes (for example with overhangs)2. Restraint tiesWhen placing restraint ties the following boundry conditions must be observed:Rules for placement of sandwich panel anchors100 – 300 m mH orizontal anchor R estraint tieWhere possible the side ratio l x /l y should be between 0.75 and 1.33!Fulcrum of the sandwich panels Supporting SystemsThe fulcrum for systems with sleeve anchors (MVA, MVA-FA) is always the position of the MVA.Fulcrum in systems with SP-MVA Fulcrum in systems with SP-FA and SP-SPA Panels with systems FA-FA and SPA-SPA always contain at least 2 supporting anchors and 1 horizontal anchor which are arranged on 2 axes arranged at 90° to one another.In principle, the anchoring systemmust be chosen so that only one single point, a so-called fulcrum, is set in the facing layer from which the slab can expand freely in all directions. This reduces any restraint forces that may arise therefore minimizing cracks in the facing layer. The allowable distances from the fulcrum e must be considered when placing sandwich panel anchors.HALFEN supply three different types of anchor for connecting load-bearing and facing layers:• Sleeve anchor SP-MVA • Flat anchor SP-FA• Sandwich panel anchor SP-SPA Four different types of supporting systems can be created from these (MVA, MVA-FA, FA-FA, SPA-SPA).To anchor the facing layer to the load-bearing layer as constraint-free as pos-sible, certain rules have to be applied. F = fulcrumSee page 20 for explanation of symbolsF = fulcrumSee page 20 for explanation of symbolsF = fulcrumSee page 20 for explanation of symbolsFA-FAThis means that sandwich panels with sleeve anchors always have panels where installation orientation = transport orientation and for panels that are rotated for transporting.MVAMVA-FASPA-SPASPA-SPAThe fulcrum is always at the inter-section of the two anchor transverseaxes.PanelPanelrotatedPanelrotatedMixed systems and special solutionsPanels with minimal widthsIn panels with minimal widths, it is preferable to install SP-FAas a supporting anchor and SP-SPA as a horizontal anchor.This is because of the height of the anchors and the directionof the reinforcement.In panels with minimal widths the restraint ties should alsobe arranged in pairs or staggered even if the minimum axis oredge distances are compromised.Solution:The same procedure applies for all minimal widths(for example minimal widths adjacent to door openings). Supporting SystemsPanels with minimal lintel areas Panels with posts adjacent to openings with minimal lintelfavourableunfavourable unfavourableSee page 20 for explanation of symbolsSupporting SystemsMixed systems and special solutions (continued)Restraint tie at panel cornersWith corner elements, where u ≤ 450 mm, care must betaken that no connecting elements are placed in the short leg (this applies to both supporting anchors and restraint ties).If u > 450 mm r estraint ties must be placed in the legs. In this case horizontal anchors are not used and the distance e ismeasured from the leg (see figure below).Note : Also possible with supporting system FA-FA.Placing restraint ties in the shorter legs is not possible with SP-MVA systems (possible distortions).Facing layers with large overhang u (approximately 300 to 900 mm) causes high stresses in the outermost row of restraint ties as a result of wind loads. Two restraint ties per grid point should be spaced at about 20 cm centres to carry these forces.Wind loads cause facing layers with large overhangs to twist at the end supports (last row of restraint ties) and therefore to comparatively large move-ments at the edge of the facing layer. As a countermeasure, we recommend selecting a smaller “Z” value than the maximum admissible value for the first field next to the overlap.Facing layers with large overlap Installu > 450 m mSoftSee page 20 for explanation of symbolsW d ,W sW d + W sS ySupporting SystemsRectangular panelRectangular panel with door opening1 SP-MVA as a supporting anchor (positioned in the facing layer at the centre of gravity)1 SP-FA as torsion anchor→ as an alternative you can also use a SP-SPA as a torsion anchor.Note : No additional measures are required for rotated panels.The following details show the various supporting systems and their special features, including examples.Support system diagramsSupporting system MVASupporting system MVA-FA1 SP-MVA and 1 SP-FA as support anchors (arranged asymmetrically to the horizontal axis of centre of gravity at a ratio of 1:2).No additional horizontal anchor is required.Note : The support system changes in rotated panels (support anchors are placed on the horizontal axis of centre of gravity S y ).Attention:Large distance for e as the panel fulcrum is off-centre.Rectangular panel with large window openingSpecial case:Support anchors are placed symmetrical.See page 20 for explanation of symbols11Supporting SystemsRectangular panelBase panelPanel with window opening Panel with wide door openingMinimal width, low panelSupporting system FA-FA2 SP-FA as support anchors (standard arrangement is symmetrically to the centre of gravity)1 SP-FA as horizontal anchor→ as an alternative you can also use a SP-SPA as a horizontal anchor.Note: For rotated panels the horizontal anchors have to be dimensioned as for the support anchors.Special case:1. Support anchor in theaxis of centre of gravity2. H orizontal / TorsionanchorsS x/S y= centre of gravitySee page 20 for explanation of symbolsRectangular panelLarge format panel 2 support anchor groupsSupporting system SPA-SPA2 SP-SPA as support anchors, 2 supporting anchor groups (standard arrangement is symmetrically to the axis of centre of gravity)1 SP-SPA as horizontal anchor.→ An alternative is to use 1 SP-FA as a horizontal anchor.Note : For rotated panels the horizontal anchors have to be dimensioned as supporting anchors.Supporting SystemsS x /S y= centre of gravitySee page 20 for explanation of symbolsSBase panelPanel with window opening Asymmetric panelMinimal width, high panelSupporting system SPA-SPA (continued) Special case:1. Support anchor in the axis of centre of gravity2. H orizontal / Torsion anchorsSupporting SystemsSee page 20 for explanation of symbols• Place the support anchors on thereinforcing mat and secure under themat with one or two reinforcing bars(ø r depends on anchor type, page17).Assembly and InstallationFlat anchors FA Support anchors SPA-1 and SPA-2Load-bearing layerø sø rSleeve anchors MVA• Insert anchoring bars in the bottomrow of round holes of the MVA andturn assembly so that the bars areparallel to the bottom reinforcementbars of the reinforcing mat.• Insert anchoring bars in the top rowof round holes 90° to the bottomlayer and parallel to the upperreinforcement bars of the reinforcingmat.• Rotate the MVA 45° so that thebottom anchoring bars slide underthe bottom row of bars and the topones slide over the top row of bars.• It is not necessary to secure theMVA to the reinforcing mat.• Place the prepared facing layer rein-forcement into the mould.• Place SP-MVA from above into thepreviously positioned reinforcement.• No moving of the anchoring barsunder the reinforcing mat.• Secure in place by tying to the rein-forcement mat.• Insert two anchoring bars bent 30°at the middle (L = 400 mm) in theoutside holes of the topmost row ofthe round holes in the flat anchor.• Position the flat anchor on thereinforcing mat at the predefinedlocation.• Insert the anchoring bars from underthe reinforcing mat, through the bot-tom row of round holes of the flatanchor.• Twist the bent anchoring bars to thehorizontal and wire to the reinfor-cing mat.Alternative FA installing(tying to the reinforcement mat):• Place the flat anchors on to the pre-viously placed reinforcing mat fromabove and secure by tying.Note: C heck the allowable distances eof the FA from the fulcrum(see table on page 14).crete, install the insulation and laythe bottom reinforcement layer forthe load-bearing layer.• Tie 1 or 2 reinforcing bars dependingon anchor type to the inside of thetop loops of the support anchor (seetable on page 17).• Fix towards the centre of a gridsquare.The anchors are installed when laying the facing layer reinforcement. For more information please see page 33.Alternative MVA installation(generally recommended for thinfacing layers)。
SUPPORTING STRUTS FOR BUILDING PANELS
专利名称：SUPPORTING STRUTS FOR BUILDING PANELS发明人：JOHN BARRINGTON SEWELL申请号：AU3191671申请日：19710802公开号：AU3191671A公开日：19730208专利内容由知识产权出版社提供摘要：1361608 Formwork support ACROW (ENGS) Ltd 3 Aug 1971 [5 Aug 1970] 37845/70 Heading E1S [Also in Division F2] A soldier for supporting formwork, e.g. of the lattice girder type, is connected at its ends to adjacent vertically aligned soldiers by means of a spigot 10 projecting from one end of the front longitudinal member 4 and having a transverse groove 12 in its end face, which spigot is received in an open end of the front member of the adjacent soldier having a pin 20 fixed transversely therein to mate with the groove 12 and form an abutment for the spigot, which is thereby located such that transverse holes 22, 24 in the spigot and in the open end are aligned, and a securing pin is then inserted through these holes. The spaced-apart ends of the rear longitudinal members 2 of adjacent soldiers are connected by members of adjustable length, e.g. screw jacks, which may each comprise a pair of telescoping tubes, the inne tube having a transverse pin extending outwardly through a slot in a screw-threaded portion of the outer tube which carries two nuts, one on each side of the pin, or a pair of oppositely screw-threaded rods connected by a nut. Such adjustable members may have a transverse opening to facilitate the installation of the formwork ties.申请人：ACROW (ENGINEERS) LTD.更多信息请下载全文后查看。
女儿墙钢筋施工工艺流程及方法
女儿墙钢筋施工工艺流程及方法英文回答：The construction process and methods for reinforced concrete walls vary depending on the specific project requirements and design. However, I can provide a general overview of the typical process involved in constructing a reinforced concrete wall for a daughter wall.1. Excavation and foundation preparation: The first step is to excavate the area where the daughter wall will be constructed. The excavation should be done to the required depth and width, ensuring proper foundation support. The soil should be compacted and leveled to provide a stable base for the wall.2. Formwork installation: Formwork is used to shape the concrete and provide support during the pouring and curing process. The formwork is typically made of plywood or steel and is assembled to create the desired shape and dimensionsof the wall. It is important to ensure that the formwork is properly aligned and secured to prevent any leakage or misalignment during the pouring process.3. Reinforcement placement: Once the formwork is in place, the reinforcement bars, also known as rebars, are placed within the formwork. The rebars are strategically positioned to provide strength and structural integrity to the wall. The rebars are tied together using wire or steel ties to ensure they stay in place during the concrete pouring process.4. Concrete pouring: After the reinforcement is in place, the concrete is poured into the formwork. The concrete mix should be of the appropriate strength and consistency to ensure a durable and structurally sound wall. The concrete is usually poured in layers, with each layer being compacted using vibrating equipment to remove any air pockets and ensure proper bonding between the concrete and reinforcement.5. Curing and finishing: Once the concrete is poured,it needs to cure and harden. Curing is a critical process that involves keeping the concrete moist and at the appropriate temperature for a specified period of time.This allows the concrete to gain strength and durability. After the curing period, the formwork is removed, and any necessary finishing touches, such as smoothing or texturing the surface, can be done.中文回答：女儿墙的钢筋施工工艺流程和方法因具体项目要求和设计而异。
遂道二衬钢筋绑扎工艺流程
遂道二衬钢筋绑扎工艺流程英文回答：The process of reinforcing steel bar binding in construction is crucial for ensuring the structuralintegrity and strength of the building. It involves the use of steel bars, also known as rebars, to reinforce concrete and provide additional support.The first step in the process is to prepare the rebars by cutting them to the required length. This can be done using a rebar cutter or a cutting torch. Once the rebars are cut, they need to be sorted and organized according to their sizes and specifications.Next, the rebars are placed in the correct position within the concrete formwork. This requires careful planning and coordination with other construction activities. The rebars need to be positioned at the correct spacing and depth to ensure proper reinforcement.Once the rebars are in position, the binding process begins. This involves using wire or steel ties to secure the rebars together. The ties are twisted around the rebars using a rebar tying tool or a pair of pliers. The ties need to be tight enough to hold the rebars securely in place but not too tight that they damage the rebars or the concrete.The binding process continues until all the rebars are securely tied together. This ensures that the rebars form a strong and cohesive reinforcement network within the concrete. It is important to note that the binding process needs to be done in accordance with the design and engineering specifications to ensure the structuralintegrity of the building.After the rebars are bound, the concrete can be poured into the formwork. The rebars act as a framework within the concrete, providing strength and support. Once the concrete has cured and hardened, the rebars and the concrete work together to resist external forces and maintain the structural stability of the building.中文回答：钢筋绑扎工艺是建筑中确保结构完整性和强度的关键步骤。
混凝土电杆基础施工工艺流程
混凝土电杆基础施工工艺流程英文回答：Constructing the foundation for concrete utility poles involves several steps to ensure stability and durability. Here is a general process flow for the construction of a concrete pole foundation:1. Site Preparation: Before starting the construction, the site needs to be prepared. This involves clearing the area of any debris, leveling the ground, and marking the locations for the pole foundations.2. Excavation: The next step is to excavate the holes for the pole foundations. The size and depth of the holes will depend on the specific requirements of the project. The holes are typically dug using excavation equipment such as a backhoe.3. Formwork Installation: Once the holes are excavated,formwork is installed to create a mold for the concrete.The formwork can be made of wood, steel, or other materials and is designed to hold the concrete in place until it cures.4. Reinforcement Placement: After the formwork is in place, reinforcement bars, also known as rebar, are placed inside the formwork. The rebar provides additional strength and helps to prevent cracking of the concrete. The rebar is tied together using wire or rebar ties.5. Concrete Pouring: Once the reinforcement is in place, the concrete can be poured into the formwork. The concrete mix should be of the appropriate strength and consistency.It is important to ensure that the concrete is evenly distributed and properly compacted to avoid any voids or weak spots.6. Curing: After the concrete is poured, it needs to be cured to achieve its full strength. Curing involves keeping the concrete moist and at a controlled temperature for a specified period of time. This can be done by covering theconcrete with plastic sheets or using curing compounds.7. Formwork Removal: Once the concrete has cured sufficiently, the formwork can be removed. Care should be taken to avoid damaging the concrete during the formwork removal process.8. Finishing: After the formwork is removed, any rough edges or imperfections on the concrete surface can be smoothed out using hand tools or power tools. This step is important for both aesthetic reasons and to ensure the longevity of the foundation.9. Backfilling: The final step is to backfill the excavated holes around the concrete pole foundations. This helps to provide additional support and stability to the poles. The backfill material should be compacted properly to avoid settling or shifting of the poles.中文回答：混凝土电杆基础的施工过程包括几个步骤，以确保基础的稳定性和耐用性。
家装现浇楼板浇筑施工方案及流程
家装现浇楼板浇筑施工方案及流程英文回答：Pouring a cast-in-place floor for home renovation is a critical step in the construction process. It requires careful planning and execution to ensure a strong and durable foundation. Here is a step-by-step guide on how to carry out the construction of a cast-in-place floor.1. Preparation:Clear the area: Remove any debris, furniture, or obstacles from the floor area to create a clean and empty space.Install formwork: Build temporary formwork around the perimeter of the floor area using wooden boards or metal frames. The formwork will contain the concrete during pouring and curing.Reinforcement: Install steel reinforcement bars (rebar) within the formwork to provide additional strengthto the floor. The rebar should be placed at the correct spacing and secured with wire ties.2. Concrete Mix:Select the appropriate concrete mix: Consult with a professional or refer to the local building codes to determine the suitable concrete mix design for yourspecific project. Factors such as load-bearing capacity, climate conditions, and desired finish should be considered.Order the concrete: Contact a local concretesupplier and provide them with the required quantity and specifications of the concrete mix. They will deliver the concrete to your site at the agreed time.3. Pouring:Pouring the concrete: Start pouring the concreteinto the formwork, working from one end to the other. Use aconcrete pump or wheelbarrows to transport the concrete to the pouring area. Ensure a consistent flow of concrete to avoid cold joints.Leveling and smoothing: Use a screed board or a bull float to level the surface of the concrete. Move the tool back and forth in a sawing motion while gradually moving forward. This will remove excess concrete and create a smooth and even surface.Finishing: After screeding, use a trowel to smooththe surface further. This will remove any imperfections and create a polished finish. Additional finishing techniques such as stamping or coloring can be applied if desired.4. Curing:Curing process: After pouring and finishing, the concrete needs to be properly cured to achieve maximum strength. Cover the concrete with plastic sheets or use a curing compound to retain moisture and prevent rapid drying. The curing process typically takes around 7 to 14 days,depending on the climate conditions.5. Removal of formwork:Formwork removal: Once the concrete has cured sufficiently, carefully remove the formwork. Start by removing the vertical supports and then the horizontal boards. Take caution not to damage the newly poured floor during the removal process.中文回答：现浇楼板是家装中一个关键的施工步骤，需要精心的规划和执行，以确保地基坚固耐用。
槽钢立模施工工艺流程
槽钢立模施工工艺流程English Answer：1. Site Preparation.Clear the construction area of any debris or obstacles.Level and compact the ground to provide a stable base for the formwork.2. Formwork Assembly.Cut the slot steel to the desired lengths and widths.Assemble the U-shaped sections of the slot steel to form the sides of the formwork.Brace the formwork with cross-bracing and supports to prevent collapse during concrete placement.3. Formwork Erection.Lift the assembled formwork into place and secure it to the ground using stakes or anchors.Ensure the formwork is aligned vertically and horizontally according to the design specifications.4. Reinforcing Steel Placement.Install the reinforcing steel bars within the formwork as per the structural design.Secure the reinforcing bars with wire ties or welded connections.5. Concrete Placement.Pour the concrete into the formwork using a concrete pump or chute.Vibrate the concrete thoroughly to remove any airpockets and ensure proper consolidation.6. Finishing.Screed the surface of the concrete to level it.Brush or float the surface to achieve the desired texture.7. Curing.Cure the concrete by keeping it moist for several days.This will prevent cracks and ensure the concrete reaches its full strength.8. Formwork Removal.Remove the formwork when the concrete has gained sufficient strength.Use a hammer and chisel or a hydraulic ram tocarefully remove the slot steel sections.Chinese Answer：槽钢立模施工工艺流程。
加气条板墙施工工艺流程
加气条板墙施工工艺流程英文回答：The construction process of AAC (Autoclaved Aerated Concrete) panel walls involves several steps. I will explain each step in detail.1. Site Preparation: Before starting the construction, the site needs to be prepared. This includes clearing the area, leveling the ground, and marking the layout for the walls.2. Foundation: The first step is to lay the foundation for the walls. This involves excavating the ground, pouring concrete footings, and installing reinforcement bars. The foundation should be strong enough to support the weight of the AAC panels.3. Installation of Steel Reinforcement: Once the foundation is ready, steel reinforcement bars are installedto provide additional strength to the walls. The bars are placed in a crisscross pattern and secured with wire ties.4. Setting up the Formwork: The formwork is used to create the shape of the walls. It is usually made of plywood or steel panels and is set up according to the desired dimensions of the walls. The formwork should be properly aligned and supported to ensure the walls are straight and level.5. Pouring AAC Panels: After the formwork is in place, the AAC panels are poured. The panels are made by mixing cement, lime, sand, water, and aluminum powder. The mixture is poured into the formwork and left to cure for a specific period of time.6. Curing: The AAC panels need to be cured in order to gain strength. This is usually done by covering the panels with a plastic sheet or using a curing compound. The curing process can take several days to a few weeks, depending on the climate and the specific product used.7. Removal of Formwork: Once the AAC panels have cured, the formwork can be removed. Care should be taken to avoid damaging the panels during this process.8. Finishing: After the formwork is removed, the walls can be finished according to the desired design. This may include plastering, painting, or applying a decorative finish.9. Installation of Doors and Windows: Openings for doors and windows are cut into the AAC panels. The doors and windows are then installed using appropriate frames and hardware.10. Final Touches: The final touches include installing electrical and plumbing fixtures, as well as any other finishing details required.中文回答：加气条板墙的施工工艺流程包括以下几个步骤。
顶管工作井钢筋绑扎施工流程
顶管工作井钢筋绑扎施工流程英文回答：The process of tying reinforcement bars for top-down construction of a well involves several steps. Here is a general outline of the procedure:1. Preparation: Before starting the reinforcement tying process, ensure that all necessary materials and tools are available. This includes the reinforcement bars, wire ties, pliers, and safety equipment.2. Layout and positioning: Study the design drawings and identify the locations where the reinforcement bars need to be tied. Mark these positions on the formwork or existing structure, ensuring accuracy and alignment.3. Cutting and bending: Cut the reinforcement bars to the required lengths using a cutting tool. If necessary, bend the bars using a bending machine or manual tools toachieve the desired shape and angles.4. Placement: Position the reinforcement bars according to the design specifications. Ensure proper spacing, overlap, and alignment as per the structural requirements. Use spacers or chairs to maintain the correct distance between the bars and the formwork.5. Tying: Begin tying the reinforcement bars using wire ties. Take a wire tie and wrap it around the intersectionof two bars. Twist the wire tightly using pliers to secure the bars together. Repeat this process at regular intervals along the length of the bars.6. Checking: Regularly inspect the tied reinforcement bars to ensure they are securely fastened and properly aligned. Make adjustments if necessary to maintain the required positioning and spacing.7. Completion: Once all the reinforcement bars are tied, inspect the entire structure for any loose or improperlytied bars. Make necessary corrections before proceedingwith the next stages of construction.顶管工作井钢筋绑扎施工流程：顶管工作井钢筋绑扎的施工流程包括以下几个步骤：1. 准备，在开始钢筋绑扎施工之前，确保所有必要的材料和工具齐备。
门式墩模板施工工艺流程
门式墩模板施工工艺流程英文回答：Portal Pier Formwork Construction Technology.1. Formwork Preparation.1.1 Material preparation: Select suitable formwork materials, such as plywood, steel plates, or aluminum alloys, according to the design requirements.1.2 Formwork assembling: Assemble the formwork components into the required shape and size, ensuring accurate dimensions and stability.2. Formwork Installation.2.1 Positioning: Position the formwork accurately at the desired location, using surveying equipment and reference points.2.2 Alignment and leveling: Adjust the formwork to ensure proper alignment and level, using shims, wedges, and bolts as needed.3. Reinforcement Installation.3.1 Reinforcement placement: Install the reinforcing steel bars according to the design drawings, ensuring correct spacing, lap lengths, and anchorage.3.2 Bar tying and spacing: Secure the reinforcement bars together using wire ties or mechanical couplers, ensuring proper spacing and alignment.4. Concrete Pouring.4.1 Concrete preparation: Prepare the concrete mix according to the specified proportions and strength requirements.4.2 Concrete placement: Pour the concrete into theformwork, using concrete pumps or chutes, and ensuring proper consolidation and compaction.5. Formwork Removal.5.1 Removal timing: Remove the formwork only after the concrete has achieved sufficient strength, as specified in the design drawings.5.2 Formwork disassembly: Carefully disassemble the formwork, starting from the top and working downwards, to avoid damage to the concrete surface.6. Inspection and Finishing.6.1 Concrete inspection: Inspect the concrete surface for any defects, imperfections, or honeycombs, and repair as necessary.6.2 Surface finishing: Perform surface finishing operations, such as grouting, sealing, or painting, to improve the appearance and durability of the concrete.中文回答：门式墩模板施工工艺流程。
铝合金模板施工技术在高层住宅楼中的应用与总结
建筑技术开发Building Technology Development施工技术第47卷第15期Construction Technology2020年8月铝合金模板施工技术在高层住宅楼中的应用与总结贯栋，李彬彬，史佳(中建八局第一建设有限公司，杭州310000)［摘要］铝合金模板体系主要包括模板、支撑、紧固以及附件等子系统，铝合金模板成本较低，能有效提高施工效率和质量,因此在高层住宅楼中得到了广泛的应用。
施工单位应充分了解铝合金模板的施工技术工艺，不断总结实践经验，准确掌握模板测放、安装以及拆除清理等各个环节的技术要点，充分发挥模板的作用，全面提高高层住宅建筑的施工质量。
［关键词］铝合金模板；施工技术；高层住宅楼［中图分类号］TU755.2［文献标志码］B［文章编号］1001-523X(2020)15-0039-02 Application and Summary of Aluminum Alloy Form w ork ConstructionTechnology in High-rise Residential BuildingsGuan Dong,Li Bin-bin,Shi Jia［Abstract］Aluminum alloy formwork system mainly includes formwork,support,fastening,accessories and other subsystems. Because aluminum alloy formwork not only has relatively low cost,but also can effectively improve the construction efficiency and quality,it has been widely used in high-rise residential buildings.The construction unit shall fully understand the construction technology of aluminum alloy formwork,constantly summarize practical experience,accurately grasp the technical key points of formwork survey,installation,demolition and cleaning,give full play to the role of formwork,and comprehensively improve the construction quality of high-rise residential buildings.［Keywords］aluminum alloy formwork；construction technology；high-rise residential building铝合金模板实现了顶模与支撑的一体化设计，同时在支撑结构中还有机地融入了早拆技术，极大提高了铝合金模板的施工效率及周转率，也使施工成本及模板材料成本得到有效控制。
建筑工程专业英语07Sitecast Concrete
with metal hooks and raise the welded wire fabric to the
mid-height of the slab, so that it will be able to resist
tensile forces caused by forces acting either upward or
(19mm) crushed stone at least 4 inches (100 mm) deep
is compacted over the subsoil as a drainage layer to
keep water away from the underside of the slab.
runways, and ground floors of buildings. A slab-on-
grade floor usually experiences little structural stress
except a direct transmission of compression between
to a size just a bit smaller than the dimensions of the
slab, is laid over the moisture barrier or crushed stone.
For slabs in factories, warehouses, and airports, a
crushed stone to prevent water from rising through the
slab from the ground beneath.
Unit 7 Sitecast Concrete
英语施工资料
AT THE KANEVSK HYDROELECTRIC
PLANT
UDC 69.057.528:621.311.21
S. . Pritula
The combined powerhouse at the Kanevsk hydroelectric plato [I], which is equipped with horizontal units, was designed in the form of six standard sections with four units in each. The sections, which measure 57 x 57 m in plan and are 39.7 m high, consist of fl~ee-dimensional, framed reinforced-concrete structures, in which the columns are the powerhouse piers connected by the horizontal elements of the foundation mat; these sections also accommodate the galleries for the main terminals from the generators and the rooms for the forced oil system and the switchyard. The elements of the powerhouse parts are thin-walled reinforced-concrete members, which are sufficiently strong for hydraulic construction, Massive 500-700 m s concrete blocks were placed only in the foundation section, which has a total volume of 66, 000 m ~. In the portion above the foundation, the volume of each of the concrete blocks was 30=200 mS; the largest blocks (piers, floors of the room for the forced oil system) were 1~5-2.0 m thick. In the powerhouse portion above the foundation, wide use was m a d e of precast reinforced concrete, whose volume amounted to 14.8% of the total; this m a d e it necessary to increase the volume of bonding concrete, to an amount approximately equal to that of the precast reinforced concrete (Table 1). The use of precast reinforced-concrete elements in the powerhouse and the presence of a large quantity of reinforcing products, bonding sections for the precast reinforced-concrete elements and embedded parts caused some complications in the preparation of the formwork: most important was the presence of a large volume of fixed forms, used only once and assembled at the installation place, frequently under complex and crowded conditions. The cost of the formwork, taking into account the Slabs, shells, and bonded blocks, amounts to 12.7% of the budgeted costofthe cousmiction work for the powerhouse or to 34.3% of the cost of the placed concrete. The high specific proportion of the formwork with respect to the total cost of the construction work indicates the need for the use of effective types of forms and of methods for carrying out the work, in order to reduce the cost of the concrete structures and, consequently, the budgeted cost of the construction work. During construction, wide use was m a d e of dismountable-movable formwork (Table 2), consisting of diffexent types of panels: large-panel wooden and wooden-metal, smaU-panel wooden without sheafing or with ironplate shearing. The dimensions of the large-pane/formwork divided the surface of the reinforced-concrete suuclures into different portions according to ~he subdivision of the panels. The area of the separate panels was 9-22 m 9-. The dimensions of the basic panels were 3 x 3, 3 • 4, 4x 5, and 3 x 7.5 m. The pane/ formwork (Fig. 1) consists of a load-carrying frame and board decking. The wooden frame is m a d e from beams 180 X 150 m m in cross section, fastened with 16-20 m m diameter bolts; the wooden-metal frame consists of beams 180 X 150 m m in cross section and stee/beams or No. 16-20 channels, The steel puriins of the frame were installed along the long side of the panel, and were secured to the wooden beams also by bolts. The board decking was m a d e from 40-ram panels and was lined with 2-ram iron plates. The formwork was prepared at the lumber plant and rxansported to the construction site without any additional assembling or strengthening.