英语专业听写13-30

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高考英语读后续写晨背晚练：13 情感描写之 ”惊讶“

for a string of such items as she was eager to possess.
1. in astonishment 2.A spark of surprise flashed across my mother’s face
3.What shocked me
Seeing that,4.
二、课堂教学务必高效
课堂是教育教学是主阵地。高三年级教学时间紧，教学任务重，更要切实发挥课堂40分钟的作用。一是上好微专题课。春节前后，一轮复习进入后期，学生不会的知识点逐步浮出水面。这些薄弱知识点如果解决不好，将直接影响到二轮复习的效果。高三年级要围绕浮现出来的问题，上好微专题或微微专题课，针对某一个点或几个点精讲、讲透，触类旁通。微专题课怎么上？可以针对学生不会的问题，每节课重点解决1-2个知识点，专题强调，专点训练，不贪多，顺一个点“追祖宗八代”，剖析透!微微专题，则更精、更准、更小、更有效，可以一节课只讲一道题，但是要把这一道题挖深、挖透，讲透一个会一类，做会一题能举一反三。
a spark of surprise flashed/passed across one's eyes眼中闪过一丝震惊（眼）
be seized by shock震惊 throw sb. into astonishment 使某人震惊
☆A look of surprise spread over her face.惊愕的表情在她的脸上蔓延句开来。子 ☆He was thrown into astonishment.他大吃一惊。赏 ☆ He was too surprised to speak or even to think.他惊讶得说不出话来析，甚至脑子都不灵了.

专四听写文本

专四听写⽂本1. Teaching and LearningTeaching is supposed to be a professional activity requiring long and complicated training as well as official certification. The act of teaching is looked upon as a flow of knowledge from a higher source to an empty container. The student’s role is one of receiving information, while the teacher’s is one of sending it.There is a clear distinction assumed between one who is supposed to know and another, usually, younger person who is supposed not to know. However, teaching needn’t be a province of a sp ecial group of people nor need it looked upon as a technical skill .Teaching can be more like guiding and assisting than forcing information into a supposedly empty head. If you have a certain skill, you should be able to share it with someone. You don’t h ave to get certified to convey what you know to someone else or to help them in their attempts to teach themselves.2. CometsIn recent years, scientists’ investigation of comet has increased because of a growing interest in the origin of the sun and planets. Scientists want to learn how comets are formed. They think such information will help to explain the origin of the solar system.The word “comet” comes from Greek and means “hairy object”. In history comets have a special place. People believed that they broughtthe news of death, destruction or military victories.The tails of comet provided views with spectacular sights at night. Comet tails are millions of kilometers long. The tails frequently reach lengths of 250 million kilometers and more.The most famous comet of history is called Halley’s Comet, which appears every 76 years. It was named for Edward Halley, a British astronomer. He predicted the appearance of the comet in 1758,16 years after his death. Halley’s comet is extremely bright and has two tails. In the 20th century it returned in 1910 and 1986.3. Foreign Language StudyThe knowledge of a foreign language is an important part of an education. A person cannot be considered truly educated if he knows only one language. Nevertheless, the importance of learning a foreign language is often underestimated. English is one of the most commonly used languages in international communication. Some speakers of English mistakenly argue that it is unimportant for them to learn another language for communicative purposes. They think that everyone else should know English. But there are still billions of people who do not speak English, and many of these people have limited education opportunities. If English speakers do not make the effort to learn to communicate in other languages, they should not expect others to gain the knowledge of English.If there is to be world peace, the people of the world must understand each other. Communication is necessary to their understanding, but people cannot communicate if they do not speak the same language.4. BalloonsBalloons have been used for sports for about one hundred years. There are two kinds of sport balloons: gas and hot air. Hot air balloons are safer than gas balloons, which may catch fire. Hot air balloons are preferred by most balloonists in the United States because of their safety. They are also cheaper and easier to manage than gas balloons. Despite the ease of operating a balloon, pilots must watch the weather carefully. Sport balloon flights are best early in the morning or late in the afternoon, when the wind is light. Over the years, balloonists have tried unsuccessfully to cross the Atlantic. It wasn’t until 1978 that three American balloonists succeeded. It took them just six days to make the trip from their homes in the United States to Paris, France. Their voyage captured the imagination of the whole world.5. AdvertisingAdvertising has already become a specialized activity in modern times. /I n today’s business world, supply is usually greater than demand. /There is great competition between manufactures of the same kind of product /be cause they want to persuade customers to buy their particular brand. /They always have to remind their customers/ of the name and qualities of thei r products by advertising. /The manufacture advertises in newspapers and on the radio. /He sometimes employs sales girls to distribute samples of t heir products./ He sometimes advertises on the Internet as well. /In additi on, he always has advertisements put into television programs thatwill ac cept them. /Manufactures often spend huge sums of money on advertisem ents. /We buy a particular product because we think that is the best. /We u sually think so because the advertisements say so. /People often don’t ask themselves if the advertisements are telling the truth/ when they buy adv ertised products from shops.6.British Holidaying HabitsIn the late 1970s, air travel became affordable for the average family in t he UK, and more people started travelling abroad for their summer holida ys. After all, the British weather wasn’t very good, even in summer, so a l ot of people left the country for a vacation.In the 1980s and 1990s, young people in the UK became wealthier on av erage. As a result, they started to go abroad in groups, to places such as S pain and Greece. Once they arrived at their destination, they met with oth er groups of young people and had one long party.British holidaying habits have begun to change, however. Climate chang e means that the UK now has a hotter climate, so people do not need to go overseas to find good weather. Also, going abroad is more expensive. A s a result, more British people are choosing to spend their summer holida ys in the UK.7. Choosing a CareerWhen students graduate from college, / many of them do not know how t hey want to spend their working lives, / and they sometimes move from j ob to job / until they find something that suits them / and of equal importa nce to which they are suited. Others never find a job in which they are rea lly happy. / They remain all their lives square pegs in round holes. /When we choose our careers, we need to ask ourselves two questions. / First, wh at do we think we would like to be?/ Second, what kind of people are we? / The idea, for example, of being a painter or a musician may seem very attractive, / but unless we have great talent and are willing to work very h ard, / we are certain to fail in these occupations, / and failure will lead to unhappiness in life. /So it is important to assess our suitability for a certai n career in job search.8.EcotourismNowadays, many of us try to live in a way that will damage the environm ent as little as possible. We recycle our newspapers and bottles, we take p ublic transport to get to work, we try to buy locally produced fruit and ve getables，and we want to take these attitudes on holiday with us. This is why altern ative forms of tourism are becoming popular in the world. There are a lot of names for these new forms of tourism: responsible tourism, nature tour ism, adventure tourism, educational tourism and more.Although everyone may have a different definition, most people agree th at these new forms of tourism should do the following: first, they should c onserve the wildlife and culture of the area; second, they should benefit th e local people; third, they should make a profit without destroying natural resources; and finally they should provide an experience that tourists wa nt to pay for.9.Freshman’s WeekBritain has a well-respected higher education system and some of the top universities and research institutions in the world. But to those who are ne w to this system, it can sometimes be confusing. October is usually the bu siest month in the academic calendar. Universities have something called “freshman's week” for their newcomers. It's a great opportunity to make n ew friends, join in lots of clubs and settle into university life. However, h aving just left the comfort of home and all your friends behind, the prospe ct of meeting strangers in classrooms and dormitories can be worrying. W here do you start? And who should you make friends with? Which clubs a nd society should you join? Luckily, there will be thousands of others in the same boat as you. They worry about starting their university social life on the right foot. So just take it all in slowly. Don't rush into anything tha t you'll regret for the next three years10.Limiting the Growth of TechnologyThroughout history man has changed his physical environment to im prove his way of life. With the tools of technology, man has altered many physical features of the earth. He has transformed woodland into farmlan d. He has modified the face of the earth by cutting through mountains to b uild roads and railways.However, these changes in the physical environment have not always had beneficial results. Today, pollution of the air and water is a danger to the health of the planet. Each day, thousands of tons of gases come out of vehicles. Smoke from factories pollutes the air of industrialized areas and the surrounding countryside. The air in cities is becoming increasingly unhealthy. The pollution of water is equally harmful. In the sea, pollution fr om oil is killing a lot of sea plants and fish. It is now necessary for man to limit the growth of technology in order to survive on earth.11.What is a dream forOne theory is that we dream to release the deep, secret desires. We do not express these desires in real life because of the rules of polite society. Another theory is that dreams allow us to solve problems that we can’t solve i n real life. We go to sleep with a problem and wake up with the solution. This may be a way to use our dreams rather than a purpose of dreaming. I f you believe that your dreams are important then analysing them may help you to focus on the problem and help you to find the solution. The modern image is that dreams are the brain’s way of cleaning up the c omputer’s hard disk. Dreams organize the events of the day into folders a nd delete what is not needed. But we all know that very little of what we dream is concerned with what happened to us that day.12.New Year's EveFor many people in the west, New Year’s Eve is the biggest party of the y ear. It’s time to get togethor with friends or family and welcome in the co ming year. New Year’s parties can take place in different places. Some pe ople hold a house party; others attend street parties, while some just go fo r a few drinks with their friends. Big cities have large and spectacular fire works displays. There is one thing that all New Year’s Eve parties have in common, the countdown to midninght. When the clock strikes 12, people give a loud cheer and sing songs. It’s also popular to make a promise in t he New Year. This is called a New Year’s resolution. Typical resolutions i nclude giving up smoking and keeping fit. However the promise is often broken quite quickly and people are back into their bad habits within weeks or days.13.The InternetThe Internet is the most significant progress in the field of communicatio n. /lmagine a book that never ends, a library with a million floors ,/or ima gine a research project with thousands of scientists /working around the cl ock forever./This is the magic of the Internet. /Yet the Internet has the pot ential for good and bad. /0ne can find well-organized information-rich we bsites./At the same time, one can also find wasteful websites. /Most websi tes are known as different Internet applications./These include online gam es, chat rooms and so on./These applications have great power too. /Some times the power can be so great /that young people may easily become vi ctims to their attraction. /So we need to recognize the seriousness of the p roblem. /We must work together to use its power for better ends.13.Wrist WatchIt is generally believed that wristwatches are an exception to the normal s equence in the evolution of men's jewelry./ Reversing the usual order, the y were first worn by women/ and then adopted by men./ In the old days, q ueens included wristwatches among their crown jewelry. / Later they wer e worn by Swiss workers and farmers. / Until World War I, Americans associated the watch with fortune hunters. / Then army officers discovered th at the wristwatch was most practical for active combat. Race car drivers a lso loved to wear wristwatches/ and pilots found they are most useful whi le flying. / Soon men dared to wear wristwatches without feeling self-con scious. / By 1924 some 30% of men ' s watches were worn on the wrist. / Today the figure is 90% / and they are now worn by both men and wome n/ for practical purposes rather than for decoration.。

英语专业四级Dictation听写50篇

英语专业四级Dictation听写50篇Town and Country Life in EnglandThere is a big difference between town life and country life in England. In the country, everybody knows everybody else. They know what time you get up, what time you go to bed and what you have for dinner. If you want help, you will always get it and you will be glad to help others.In a large town like London, however, it can sometimes happen that you have never seen your next door neighbor and you do not know his name or anything about him. People in London are often very lonely. This is because people go to different places in the evenings and at weekends. If you walk through the streets in the centre of London on Sunday, it is like a town without people. One is sorry for old people living on their own. They could die in their homes and would not be discovered for weeks or even months.A Change in Women’s LifeThe important change in women’s life-pattern has only recently begun to have its full effect on women’s economic position. Even a few years ago most girls left school at the first opportunity, and most of them took a full-time job. However, when they married, they usually left work at once and never returned to it. T oday the school-leaving age is sixteen, many girls stay at school after that age, and though women tend to marry younger, more married women stay at work at least until shortly before their first child is born. Very many more afterwards return to full-time or part-time work. Such changes have led to a new relationship in marriage, with the husband accepting a greater share of the duties and satisfactions of family life and with bothhusband and wife sharing more equally in providing the money, and running the home, according to the abilities and interests of each of them. Useful Words and Expressions:1. life-pattern生活方式2. shareA Popular Pastime of the English PeopleOne of the best means of understanding the people of any nation is watching what the do with their non-working time.Most English men, women and children love growing things, especially flowers. Visitors to England in spring, summer or autumn are likely to see gardens all they way along the railway lines. There are flowers at the airports and flowers in factory grounds, as well as in gardens along the roads. Each English town has at least one park with beautifully kept flower beds. Public buildings of every kind have brilliant window boxes and sometimes basketsof flowers are hanging on them.But what the English enjoy most is growing things themselves. If it is impossible to have a garden, then a window box or something growing in a pot will do. Looking at each other’s gardens is a popular pastime with the English.Useful Words and Expressions:1. window box:窗台上的花盆箱2.pastime 消遣，娱乐Swimming is my favorite pastime.British and American Police OfficersReal policemen, both in Britain and the U.S., hardly recognize any common points between their lives and what they se on TV—if they ever get home in time.Some things are almost the same, of course, but thepolicemen do not think much of them much of them.The first difference is tha t a policeman’s real life deals with the law. Most of what he learns is the law. He has to know actually what actions are against the law and what facts can be used to prove them in court. He has to know nearly as much law as a lawyer, and what’s more, he has to put it into practice on his feet, in the dark and, running down a narrow street after someone he wants to talk to.Little of his time is spent in talking with beautiful girls or in bravely facing cruel criminals. He will spend most of his working life arranging millions of words on thousands of forms about hundreds of sad, ordinary people who are guilty--- or not of stupid, unimportant crimes.Useful Words and Expressions:1. think much of 重视，尊重2. in court 在法庭上3. criminal 罪犯，犯罪者4. guilty 犯罪的，有罪的Living SpaceHow much living space does a person need? What happens when his space needs are not met? Scientists are doing experiments on rats to try to determine the effects of overcrowded conditions on man. Recent studies have shown that the behavior of rats is greatly affected by space. If rats have enough living space, they eat well, sleep well and produce their young well. But if their living conditions become too crowded, their behavior and eventheir health change obviously. They can not sleep and eat well, and signs of fear and worry become clear. The more crowded they are, and more they tend to bite each other andeven kill each other. Thus, for rats, populations and violence are directly related. Is this a natural law for human society as well? Is enough space not only satisfactory, but necessary for human survival? These are interesting questions.The United NationsIn 1945, representatives of 50 nations met to plan this organization. It was called the United Nations. After the war, many more nations joined.There are two major parts of the United Nations. One is called the General Assembly. In the General Assembly, every member nation is represented and has an equal vote.The second part is called the Security Council. It has representatives of just 15 nations. Five nations are permanent members: the United States, Russia, France, Britain, and China. The 10 other members are elected every two years by the General Assembly.The major job of the Security Council is to keep peace in the world. If necessary, it can send troops from member nations to try to stop little wars before they turn into big ones.It is hard to get the nations of the Security Council to agree on when this is necessary. But they did vote to try to stop wars.Useful Words and Expressions:1. representative 代表2. General Assembly 联合国大会3. permanent 永久的，持久的4. Security Council 联合国安全理事会PlasticWe use plastic wrap to protect our foods. We put our garbage in plastic bags or plastic cans. We sit on plastic chairs, play with plastic toys, drink from plastic cups, and wash our hairwith shampoo from plastic bottles!Plastic does not grow in nature. It is made by mixing certain things together. We call it a produced or manufactured material. Plastic was first made in the 1860s from plants, such as wood and cotton. That plastic was soft and burned easily.The first modern plastics were made in the 1930s. Most clear plastic starts out as thick, black oil. That plastic coating inside a pan begins as natural gas.Over the years, hundreds of different plastics have been developed. Some are hard and strong. Some are soft and bendable. Some are clear. Some are many-colored. There is a plastic for almost every need. Scientists continue to experiment with plastics. They hope to find even ways to use them!Display of GoodsAre supermarkets designed to persuade us to buy more?Fresh fruit and vegetables are displayed near supermarket entrances. This gives the impression that only healthy food is sold in the shop. Basic foods that everyone buys, like sugar and tea, are not put near each other. They are kept in different aisles so customers are taken past other attractive foods before they find what they want. In this way, shoppers are encouraged to buy products that they do not really need.Sweets are often placed at children’s eye level at the checkout. While parents are waiting to pay, children reach for the sweets and put them in the trolley.More is bought from a fifteen-foot display of one type of product than from a ten-foot one. Customers also buy more when shelves are full than when they are half empty. They do not like to buy from shelves with few products on them because they feel there is something wrong with those products that are there.Useful Words and Expressions:1. aisle 走廊，过道2. trolley 手推车3. checkout 收款台Albert EinsteinAlbert Einstein was born in Germany in 1879, His father owned a factory that made electrical devices. His mother enjoyed music and books. His parents were Jewish but they did not observe man y of the religion’s rules. Albert was a quite child who spent much of his time alone. He was slow to talk and had difficulty learning to read. When Albert was five years old, his father gave him a compass. The child was filled with wonder when he discovered that the compass needle always pointed in the same direction—to be north. He asked his father and his uncle what caused the needle to move. Their answers about magnetism and gravity were difficult for the boy to understand. Yet he spent a lot of time thinking about them. He said later that he felt something hidden had to be behind things.Useful expressions and words:1. device 装置，设备leave to one’s own devices 听任某人自行其是，允许某人按自己的意愿做事She left the child to her own devices for an hour in the afternoon.她允许孩子在下午有一个小时的自由支配时间。

英语听写全

三年级上册单词Unit11.尺子2.铅笔3.橡皮4.蜡笔5.包6.钢笔7.铅笔盒8.书Unit 21.红色；红色的2.绿色；绿色的3.黄色；黄色的4.蓝色；蓝色的5.黑色；黑色的6.棕色；棕色的7.白色；白色的8.橙色；橙色的Unit 31.脸2.耳朵3.眼睛4.鼻子5.嘴6.胳膊7.手8.头9.身体10.腿11.脚Unit 41.鸭子2.猪3.猫4.熊5.狗6.大象7.猴子8.鸟9.老虎10.大熊猫11.动物园Unit 51.面包2.果汁3.蛋4.牛奶5.水6.蛋糕7.鱼8.米饭Unit 61.一2.二3.三4.四5.五6.六7.七8.八9.九10.十句子Unit11.你好，我是吴一凡。

2.你好，我是萨拉。

3.我有一把尺子/一块橡皮。

4.你叫什么。

5.我叫约翰。

6.再见7.再见，怀特小姐。

Unit21.琼斯先生，这是格林小姐。

2.早上好，格林小姐。

3.我看见红色。

4.下午好,吴一凡。

5.见到你很高兴。

6. 见到你也很高兴。

7. 把它涂成棕色吧！Unit31.你好吗?2.我很好，谢谢你。

3.让我们一起上学吧！4.看我5.很好,谢谢。

6.(让)我们一起做个木偶吧！7.太棒了Unit41.这是什么?2.(它)是只鸭子3.那是什么?4. 酷！我喜欢它。

Unit51. 请给我些果汁.2. 给你。

3. 吃点面包吧。

4.我饿了！5.请给我些水好吗?6. 不用谢。

Unit61.请给我这个。

2.好的3.(你要)几个盘子?4.生日快乐！5.你几岁（了）?6.我六岁（了）。

三年级下册Unit11.英国2. 加拿大3.美国4.中国5.她6.学生7.学生；(尤指)小学生8. 他9. 教师Unit21.父亲；爸爸2.爸爸；爹爹3. 男人4.女人5.母亲；妈妈6.姐妹7. 兄弟8.（外）祖母9. 口语（外）祖母10.（外）祖父11. 口语（外）祖父Unit31. 瘦的2.胖的；肥的3. 高的4.矮的；短的5.长的6. 小的7. 大的Unit41. 在……上2.在……里3. 在……下面4. 椅子5. 桌子6.帽子7. 球8.小汽车9.小船 10.地图Unit51. 梨2. 苹果3. 橙子4.香蕉5.西瓜6. 草莓7. 葡萄Unit61.十一2. 十二3. 十三4. 十四5. 十五6. 十六7.十七8.十八9.十九10. 二十句子Unit11.欢迎！2.你是哪里人?3.我是英国人。

2023年6月英语专四听写原文

2023年6月英语专四听写原文[注意：以下是2023年6月英语专四听写原文，请仔细阅读并准确听写。

]Passage 1:Good morning, everyone. Today, I would like to talk about the importance of time management in our daily lives. Time management refers to the ability to plan and control how we spend our time effectively. It is a crucial skill that can greatly impact our productivity and overall well-being.Firstly, effective time management allows us to prioritize tasks and allocate our time wisely. By setting clear goals and deadlines, we can focus on the most important and urgent tasks, ensuring that we make progress towards our objectives. This helps us avoid procrastination and ensures that we complete our tasks in a timely manner.Secondly, time management helps reduce stress and improve work-life balance. When we manage our time effectively, we can allocate sufficient time for work, leisure, and personal activities. This allows us to maintain a healthy balance between our professional and personal lives, leading to increased satisfaction and overall well-being.Furthermore, effective time management enhances our efficiency and productivity. By organizing our tasks and creating a schedule, we can eliminate distractions and stay focused on the task at hand. This enables us to complete tasks more efficiently and achieve better results in a shorter amount of time.In addition, time management enables us to make better decisions. When we have a clear understanding of how we spend our time, we can identify areas where we may be wasting time or engaging in unproductive activities. This awareness allows us to make adjustments and prioritize activities that align with our goals and values.To conclude, time management plays a crucial role in our daily lives. It helps us prioritize tasks, reduce stress, improve work-life balance, enhance efficiency, and make better decisions. By developing effective time management skills, we can maximize our productivity and overall well-being. Thank you.Passage 2:Good morning, ladies and gentlemen. Today, I would like to discuss the impact of social media on society. Social media has become an integral part of our lives, revolutionizing the way we communicate, share information, and interact with others. However, it also brings about various challenges and concerns that need to be addressed.Firstly, social media has greatly facilitated communication and connectivity. It allows us to stay connected with friends and family, regardless of geographical barriers. We can easily share updates, photos, and videos, and engage in real-time conversations. This has undoubtedly enriched our social lives and expanded our networks.Secondly, social media has become a powerful platform for information dissemination. News and events can be shared instantly, reaching a wide audience within seconds. This has democratized the flow of information andempowered individuals to voice their opinions and raise awareness about important issues.However, social media also poses certain challenges. One major concern is the spread of misinformation and fake news. With the ease of sharing information, it becomes difficult to distinguish between reliable sources and false information. This can lead to the spread of rumors and the distortion of facts, which can have serious consequences on individuals and society as a whole.Another challenge is the impact of social media on mental health. The constant exposure to carefully curated and idealized versions of others' lives can lead to feelings of inadequacy and low self-esteem. Moreover, the addictive nature of social media can result in excessive screen time and a decrease in real-life social interactions, leading to feelings of isolation and loneliness.In conclusion, social media has revolutionized the way we communicate and share information. It has brought numerous benefits, such as enhanced connectivity and information dissemination. However, it also poses challenges, including the spread of misinformation and negative effects on mental health. It is important for individuals and society to be aware of these challenges and find ways to mitigate their impact. Thank you.。

听写16-30篇文本

听写16-30篇文本16. The Statue of LibertyThe Statue of Liberty represents a woman holding a torch of fire. It stands on an island at the entrance to the New York City harbor. It is almost 93 meters tall, one of the tallest statues ever built. Its complete name is "Liberty Enlightening the World".The Statue of Liberty was a gift to the people of the United States from the people of France. It was an expression of friendship and the goal of liberty shared by the people of both countries.The statue was designed and built in France. France officially presented the statue to the United States Minister to France in Paris on July 4th, 1884. The statue was then taken apart and sent to the United States. New York City celebrated with a huge parade. Since then, the Statue of Liberty has been a symbol of freedom for people all over the world.17. Universities' Grading SystemsMost American colleges and universities use the grading system of A, B, C, D and F. An A is worth four points, a B three points, a C two points and a D one point. Getting a grade like a B-plus or a C-minus adds or subtracts a few tenths of a point. An F is a failing grade worth zero toward a student's grade point average.A small number of colleges reject the traditional grading system. They are organized into programs taught by teams of professors. Each program brings together different subjects and extends in length over 2 or 3 quarters. Students are required to do a major research project at the end of each program.The professors write detailed evaluations of the students.These are combined with evaluations written by the students themselves.Most teachers would probably agree that traditional grades are sometimes unfair. But professors at big schools say there is not enough time to write evaluations for each student in large classes.18. Strange FestivalsEvery country has its strange festivals. Cheese Rolling is a much-loved event traditionally held in Britain. Participants chase an eight-pound cheese down a long slope, hoping to catch it and become the champion. In Spain, baby jumping is a famous ritual, in which local men jump over all the babies born that year. It is believed to rid the babies of sin and serves as a kind of baptism. There is a naked festival held at various times in Japan. Wearing just a small piece of cloth, the freezing participants run around a city, competing for lucky charms. From chasing cheeses to running naked, it is hard to explain where most of these ideas came from and what they mean to us now. However, they are part of our cultures. Despite our different traditions, languages and histories, we do seem to have one thing in common: our love of celebrations.19. Teaching AssistantsForeign students at American colleges and universities may earn money after they successfully complete an entry-level study program. Those wishing to continue their education could work as a teaching assistant, or T.A.A teaching assistant usually works about twenty hours each week. Teaching assistants are paid to help professors teach students in entry-level studyprograms.Generally, the professor gives a talk, or lecture, to a large group of students one or two times a week. The teaching assistant meets with smaller groups of students during the week. The T.A. gives tests and reads any homework or reports the students may be required to write.Teaching assistants also meet with students who seek help. They attend teaching meetings. And some working with science professors help to organize laboratory equipment.Most American colleges and universities must honor legal requirements when employing foreign students as teaching assistants. One of these is that the T.A. must speak English well.20. American Education SystemThe education system in the United States is controlled by state and local governments. But education laws are similar in each state. For example, in all 50 states and 6 territories, all children must attend school from the age of 6 or 7 to the age of 16. Public schools are free of charge for grades 1 through 12. Private schools also operate in all states and territories. Some private schools are operated by churches and religious groups. Other private schools are not linked to any religious organization. Private schools must be approved by the state in which they operate. Most private schools do not receive government money. The parents of private school students pay the school. The school year usually begins in September and continues until June. Most states require a school year of 180 days. Some schools have changed this schedule and require students to attend school throughout the year.21. ThanksgivingThe American Thanksgiving, by law on the fourth Thursday of November, has a long tradition in the United States. The firstAmerican Thanksgiving occurred in 1621, with early North American settlers celebrating their first harvest after a harsh winter in the new world. In 1863, President Abraham Lincoln made it an official holiday. Today, Thanksgiving serves as a day for family gatherings with luxurious turkey feasts, accompanied by a wide array of side dishes and pies. So this holiday is one of the busiest times for travel in America. Millions of people travel by car, train, or air, to feast with family. Besides, other traditional Thanksgiving events are prominent in the United States as well, including religious services and key youth and professional football games. What's more, the US president pardons a single turkey every year on this holiday. It is a tradition begun by former president Harry Truman in 1947.22. Music in British SchoolsMusic plays a big part in British schools. Pupils can learn an instrument at school. Traditionally, school children learn classical instruments. Younger children often learn the recorder. As they get older, they start to play the violin or piano. In fact, nearly one out of five music students is learning the violin. The piano, or keyboard, is more popular with older children at secondary school. However, more pupils than ever before are now learning the guitar, as they think playing the guitar is cool. British schools do not just offer lessons for instruments,but they have music classes for all pupils. In the past, the focus of classes was very much Western classical music. But the classes now cover a far wider range of styles, including folk music and world music. Many schools have orchestras and put on concerts each term. It is also common for pupils themselves to form their own bands.23. University DaysBritish universities start in September or October. Courses normally last 3 years, but some, such as languages, engineering or medicine, can take much longer to complete. Students usually go to university in a different town, so they need to get used to living alone, paying bills and washing their own clothes! For many, this is a difficult time, but everyone soon becomes used to it!Universities in Britain used to be free, but many students now have to pay for part of their course. Similarly, students used to receive a grant from the government. Nowadays, they have to apply for student loans or take part-time jobs. Either way, it can be difficult and many students have money problems.University life is not just about studying, however. Many students take part in drama productions or play music. Others, of course, take part in a wide range of sports, such as football, rugby and cricket.24. Test of English as a Foreign LanguageIt is the most widely respected English-language test in the world, recognized by more than 8,000 colleges and universities in more than 130 countries. It is called TOEFL, which stands for Test of English as a Foreign Language. TOEFL is an important test for foreign students who want to study inAmerica. More than 4,000 American universities and other schools require students seeking admission to take the test. Each year, nearly a million individuals of all ages take the TOEFL test to demonstrate their English-language proficiency. It measures your ability to use and understand English at the university level. And it evaluates how well you combine your four skills, listening, reading, speaking and writing skills to perform academic tasks. There are two formats for the TOEFL test. The format you take depends on the location of your test center. Nowadays, most testtakers take the Internet-based Test. Test centers that do not have Internet access offer the Paper-based Test. 25. In-service Education and Vocational DevelopmentMany people feel that finding a job successfully is the end of their schooling. This idea is rarely true, however, as each field of work requires a thorough knowledge of it. This may go beyond what could be learned in high school or university. Universities, with their complete curriculum, are intended to first teach us about everything. Later studies fill in the gap of knowledge by offering more specialized courses. Universities, however, are meant to teach the theories of any particular field, not the practical knowledge needed to do our jobs. Vocational schools has risen to fill this gap of practical knowledge. Vocational schools can aid us in this by teaching us to be especially good at one thing. If a person has enough health and energy, as well as determination, he may go to night school to take a self-teaching program.26. DictionaryA dictionary is a reference book that focuses on defining words and phrases,including multiple meanings. The most frequently used dictionary is a language dictionary that includes the majority of frequently used words in a language. Language dictionaries are made for different types of users: scholars, office workers, schools, and second language learners. There are many competing dictionaries put out by different companies. Not only do they have different forms - paperback, hardback, and online editions - but they differ in other ways. Each company, for example, uses its own version of phonetic respelling based on the research done by its experts. Other differences between dictionaries showup in other features. Many dictionaries include their experts' guidance on grammar, usage, and the history of the language. Definitions differ slightly, and sample sentences may be the work of the editorial staff or taken from real-world usage, perhaps the first known written use.27. The Graduation CeremonyIn American high schools and colleges, the last day of the school year is graduation day. The students who finish their last year in the school will graduate. The graduation ceremony is often in the school gymnasium. The people who come to watch the graduation are teachers, parents and friends of the graduates. Those students who will graduate will wear long robes and caps with square tops. The graduate who has the best record in school will make a speech. The school principal and other officials will also make speeches. Then each graduate will receive a diploma or a degree, which has his name and the name of the school. After the ceremony, students often chat with their teachers, friends and relatives who come to congratulate them. They take pictures of eachother and will show each other these pictures a few nights later at the graduation party. Graduation is a memorable event.28. The International Student Exchange ProgramThe International Student Exchange Program, or ISEP, was started in 1979. ISEP is a group of colleges and universities around the world. They cooperate to provide international educational experiences for their students.Students can study for up to one year in the United States or any of the other countries involved. They do not have to go through the usual application process to get into a school. And they pay only what they would have to pay for a term at theirown school at home.To take part in the ISEP program, students must attend a member college or university. Each school has an ISEP coordinator, who helps students apply to the ISEP office in Washington, D.C. To be accepted, students must have good grades. They are asked to list up to ten choices of American schools they would like to attend. Officials at the ISEP office then place students in the openings offered in colleges and universities.29. On-campus HousingHousing policies differ from school to school in American universities. Some schools have limited housing or none at all.Dormitory buildings might house a small number of students or many hundreds. Some dorms have suites. A suite has several bedrooms, a common area and a bathroom. Other dorms have rooms along a common hallway. Two, three or four students might share a room.Males and females often live on different floors of the same building. Or they might live on the same floor, or in some cases even share a suite if permitted. But single-sex housing is usually also available.Different groups and organizations such as fraternities might have their own houses where their members live. And there is often housing for married students.Some dorms are nice, others are not so nice. But many students say they like the chance to make friends and be near their classes.30. Working While Studying in the USInternational students are permitted to work for the college or university they attend or for a business at the school. But thebusiness must directly provide a service to students. You could work at the bookstore, for example, but not for a construction company that is building something on campus. Also, a foreign student cannot displace an American citizen in a job.Foreign students normally cannot take a job that has no connection to their school. But the government may give permission if students are suddenly faced with a situation that is out of their control. Examples include large medical bills, the loss of financial aid or an unexpected change in the financial condition of their source of support.Students must also meet other conditions. They must have attended their American school for at least one year. Government approval is given on a case-by-case basis. Students must re-apply after a year if they want to continue an off-campus job.。

英语人教版八年级下册英语单词听写表

14 make a plan
孤独的，寂寞的几个，数个，一些强壮的，强烈的感觉，感触满足，满意高兴，愉快所有者，物主（尤指长途）旅行，行程抬起，举起，筹集，征集独自地，孤独地修理，修补修理，安装破损的，残缺的轮子，车轮；旋转信件，字母小姐有残疾的，丧失能力的盲的，盲目的，失明的聋的想象，设想困难打开门携带，搬运训练，培养训练，培训激动的，兴奋的仁慈，善良，亲切，善意聪明的，机灵的懂，理解改变感兴趣；兴趣先生夫人，女士
默写
标记
UNIT 1
词组
中文
1 Whats the matter?
怎么了？出什么事了？
2 have a cold
感冒
3 have a stomachache
胃痛
4 lie down
躺下
5 get into trouble
遇到麻烦
6 hurt oneself
受伤
7 fall down
摔倒
8 think twice
35 development
36 cause
37 usual
38 perhaps
序号
词组
1 What's wrong?
2 look through
3 big deal
16 break
17 hurt
18 passenger
19 off
20 onto
21 trouble
22 hit （过去式hit ）
23 herself （she的反身代词）
24 bandage
25 sick
26 knee
27 nosebleed

听力考试听写文本

英语听力考试第30到50听写的听力文本30,American's Leisure Activities 美国人的休闲活动Leisure activities include things like watching television, seeing friends or exercising. 休闲活动包括看电视，H拜访朋友或运动这类的事。

Both men and women reported that they spent about half their leisure time watching television. 据报告，男性和女性会花大约一半的休闲时间在电视上。

Visiting friends and attending social events was the next most common leisure activity for both sexes. 拜访朋友和参加社会活动则摆在第二位。

The average adult spends almost two hours a day on household activities like cooking, cleaning and paying bills. 一般人会花将近两小时在煮饭，清洁，付账单等家事上。

Women spend more time on child care and housework than men do even when the women are employed. 比起男性来说，女性花更多的时间在照顾孩子和做家务，即使她们也在工作。

Men, however, spend more time at work. 男性的大部分时间则在工作。

Men also spend more time on leisure activities and sports. 当然，他们也花时间在休闲活动和运动上，They average five hours twenty minutes a day, half an hour more than women. 一天一般5小时20分钟，比女性多了半小时。

英语专业四级听写120篇

英语专业四级听写120篇上海外国语大学王兴扬主审戴远君主编Passage 1College LifeAmerican college and university students who live away from their families/ are generally housed in dormitories at least for their first year. / Men and women often live in the same building, / though they may live on separate floors. /Some dorms have a theme, like an international house, / where students can lean about other cultures. / In language houses, students try to avoid speaking their native language. / The idea is to lean a different language. /Colleges and universities often have many clubs that students can join. / These include political, religious and service clubs, / as well as groups for activities like singing, dancing, cooking, even leaning how to play magic. / Schools may also have internal sports clubs. / These are for students who do not play for a school team / but want organized sports with other students. / And schools will often recognize a new club or activity if enough students are interested. /Passage 2Names in AmericaMost parents in the United States give their babies a first, middle and last name when they are born. / The last name is generally their family name. / First names are a different story. / Some children's names are also the names of cities, plants or flowers. / Religious names from the Bible are also common. / Americans even choose names from other countries. / Americans are interested in the names / that famous actors, entertainers and athletes give their children. / Some famous people like names that have been around for many years. / Last names as first names are also popular. /Middle names have become important because many famous people use them. / A middle name is also a way for parents to honor a family member or hero. / Some parents give a girl a boy's middle name. / Some American women use their former last name / as middle name after they marry. /Passage 3The Space RaceThe space race between the United States and the former Soviet Union began in October of 1957, / when the Soviets launched the first man-made satellite into orbit around Earth. / Weeks later the second satellite was launched. /Their success added to the tensions of what was known as the Cold War, / which many people worried could lead to nuclear war. / And it pushed Americans to work harder to reach outer space. / Three months later, the United States launched its own satellite. / Then, in 1961, the Soviet Union sent the first person into space. / An American astronaut followed less than a month later. /The space race continued. / The finish line was the moon. / And it was reached when the crew of American spaceship landed in 1969. / Today, there is cooperation between the Russian and American space programs. / Astronauts share duties on the International Space Station. / And other countries are expanding their space programs. /Passage 4Summer for College StudentsCollege students spend their summers in many different ways. / Many students work hard at Summer jobs. / They realize it can be difficult to balance college classes and a job during the school year. / Summer is a good time to save up some money. /Restaurants, swimming pools, stores and other businesses are always looking for hardworking students. / Some students get jobs in the field they hope to enter after college. /The experience gives students a taste of the world outside of college. / Other college students choose to take summer classes. /Instead, they take just one or two. / The extra classes can help students to get ahead in their studies. /However, summers are not all work. / Students spend time with friends, go to a movie or take a trip. / A relaxing day under the summer sun / will help students forget a]l about tests and studying' /Passage 5The English LanguageEnglish is the most widespread language in the world /and is more widely spoken and written than any other language. / More people are trying to lean English in the world. / English is the language of political negotiations and international business. / It has become the international language of science and medicine. / International treaties say passenger airplane pilots must speak English. /English is the major foreign language taught in most schools in South America and Europe. / School children in the Philippines and Japan begin learning English at an early age. / English is the official language of more than 75 countries / including Britain, Canada, the United States, Australia, and South Africa. /In countries where many different languages are spoken,/ English is often used as an official language to help people communicate./ India is a good example./ English is the common language in this country/ where at least 24 languages are spoken by more than one million people./Passage 6DatingDating is the traditional first step toward marriage. /But dating and establishing a relationship can be hard work. . /So a lot of people want to go where they can meet people with similar interests. /They might look for someone/ who share a common interest in religion or books, for example. / A lot of bookstores now have places that serve coffee and food. /Many offer special programs and social activities for single people. /Singles may join health clubs, or sports teams or maybe even a group for people who like to take long walks in the wood. /If nothing else, at least they will have gotten some exercise. / Some people use dating services, /which help people choose a person they might like. /Many newspapers and magazines publish message/ from people who are seeking someone to date./ There are also telephone dating services, video dating services and online dating services./Passage 7National Spelling BeeEvery year, the best young English language spellers from around the world / gather in Washington, D.C. for the National spelling Bee. / They spell complex words / that most English speakers have never even heard of'. /The national spelling bee takes place over two intense days of competition in a large hotel meeting room. / The spellers sit together in front of several judges./ Each speller stands when it is his or her turn. / When the judge calls out the word, / spellers can ask for help. / They can ask for the definition of the word or for it to be used in a sentence. / They can also ask which language the word came from. / This can often help them decide how it is spelled. /Students who spell the word correctly remain in the competition. / But if the speller makes a mistake, / a bell rings and the child must leave the group. /Passage 8SalesWhen a store sells goods or services at a cost lower than usual, it is called a sale./ Sales last for a limited time. / Then the cost is retuned to its usual amount. /There are many kinds of sales. / For example, a “back-to-school sale” is held near the beginning of the school year. / Parents can save money on clothes and school supplies for their children. / A “midnight madness” event Starts very late at night. / An “early bird special” sale starts very early in the morning, /usually before the sunrises. /This kind of sale is popular the day after Thanksgiving in November. / A favorite sale among many people is the “buy one, get one free,” sale. / You buy one thing and get a second one with out cost. / Another kind of sale is a “going out of business” sale. / This is when a store owner t ries to sell all the goods in the store / before closing the business permanently. /buy one, get one free买一送一permanently 永久地Passage9Test of English as a Foreign LanguageIt is the most widely respected English-language test in the world, / recognized by more than 8,000 colleges and universities in more than 130 countries. / It is called TOEFL, which stands for Test English as a Foreign Language. / TOEFL is an important test for foreign students who want to study America. / More than 4,000 American universities and other schools / require students seek admission to take the test. / Each year, nearly a million individuals of all ages take the TOEFL level to demonstrate their English-language proficiency. / It measures your ability to use and understand English at the university level. / And it evaluates how well you combine your four skills, / listening reading, speaking and writing skills to perform academic tasks. / There are two formats for the TOEFL test. / The format you take depends on the location of your test center. / Nowadays, most test takers take the Internet-based Test. / Test centers that do not have Internet access offer the Paper-based TestTOEFL 托福考试demonstrate 说明，显示evaluate评估；评价format形式Internet-based 基于互联网的proficiency 熟练，精通Passage10Heat StressThe most common health problem linked to hot weather is heat stress. / The causes of heatstress include wearing heavy clothing, / physical work or exercise, hot weather and high humidity./If several of these conditions are present at the same time, / a person's body temperature may rise above safe levels. /Most people suffer only muscle pain because of heat stress. / The pain is a warning that the body is becoming too hot. / Doctors say those suffering muscle pains should stop all activity and rest in a cool place. / Doctors say not to return to physical activity for a few hours / because serious conditions could develop. /Some people face an increased danger from heat stress. / They may have a weak or damaged heart, / high blood pressure or other problems of the blood system. / Severe heat is also dangerous for people who weigh too much and have too much body fat, / and for people who drink alcohol. / humidity 湿度，潮湿Passage11Foreign Language Study in AmericaForeign language study starts at a very young age for many students in America. / Some students start language training at age six. / States do not require foreign language training this early in education. / But many students choose to study languages in elementary school. / The most popular languages for young students are Spanish, French and German. /Almost 7 million students in public secondary schools in the United States / are studying a foreign language. / Each state sets its own requirements for foreign language study / at the junior high and high school level. / Many students graduate high school with at least two years of foreign language study. / Some study a foreign language for four years. / There are different foreign language requirements at colleges and universities. / Some universities require students to have had several years of language education in high school. / In addition, many colleges and universities require students / to complete at least two years of foreign language study before graduating. /Passage 12Variations in British AccentsLanguage changes over time as people try to express themselves in different ways to different people. / And English, although broadly the same language, / is spoken in lots of different ways buy lots of different people. / Normally this is because people live far apart. / However, even in Britain, a relatively small place, / there are huge variations in the way people speak English. / And that is not to forget the large numbers of people who speak other languages as their firstlanguage. /Written English is much more fixed, / and changes much less quickly than spoken English. / People across Britain speak English using not only different accents, but different expressions. /For example, people of different ages and from different parts of Britain / may greet you with as many different words. / As people migrate into Britain, and as people move around Britain more freely, / accents change more quickly. / However, most British people can guess where another British person from because of their accent. /broadly 广泛地relatively 相对地variation 变化，变体migrate 移居Passage 13Teaching AssistantsForeign students at American colleges and universities may earn money / after they successfully complete an entry-level study program. / Those wishing to continue their education could work as a teaching assistant, or T.A /A teaching assistant usually works about twenty hours each week. / Teaching assistants are paid to help professors teach students in entry-level study programs. /Generally, the professor gives a talk, or lecture, / to a large group of students one or two times a week. / The teaching assistant meets with smaller groups of students during the week. / The T.A. gives tests and reads any homework or reports the students may be required to write. / Teaching assistants also meet with students who seek help. / They attend teaching meetings / And some working with science professors help to organize laboratory equipment. / Most American colleges and universities must honor legal requirements / when employing foreign students as teaching assistants. / One of these is that the T.A. must speak English well. / entry-level入门级的legal requirement 法定条件Passage 14Open-source SoftwareOpen-source software is computer software / that is available to the general public in source code form. / If a person has enough knowledge about computers and computer programming, / he or she can change the program's source code. / The source code is like a set of directions that show the gram how to operate. /People change the codes so that the program will operate / in a way that will meet their needs. / Some changing the code will make the program run faster. / Or it will take problems out of the program. / These problems can cause a computer program to shut down. /People who change the source code of a computer program / share these programs with each other on the Internet. / Programmers enjoy being able to improve computer programs on their own. / They enjoy being able to ask other people on the Internet for help with their programs. / Working together, people can improve computer programs for the good of the group. /source code 源代码the general public 公众operate 运行shut down （机器）关闭on one's own 独自地Passage 15Party TimeAmericans plan parties for marry reasons. / As in other cultures, many Americans attend parties for weddings and religious and national holidays. / But some parties are especially American. /For example, a group of neighbors may gather on their street to eat food, play music and visit with one another. / This is called a block party. / A woman might invite a group of women to a party / called a baby shower for a friend who is about to give birth. / Guests bring presents for the new baby. /Birthday parties are also very popular. / Many parents organize a party for their child around a theme. / Rock star parties axe very popular for young girls and boys' / Birthday parties usually include gifts and a birthday cake with candles. / Birthday parties can be low cost or very costly. /Some parents take their children's birthday parties very seriously, / even when the child is too young to fully understand the celebration. /block party街头聚会give birth (to) 产生costly 昂贵的Passage 16TimeIf you can read a clock, you can know the time of day. / But no one knows what time itself is. / For all our success in measuring the smallest parts of time, / time remains one of the great mysteries of the universe. /One way to think about time is to imagine a world without time. / There could be no movement, / because time and movement cannot be separated. / A world without time could exist only as long as there were no changes, / for time and change are linked. / We know that time has passed when something changes. /In the real world with time, however, changes never stop. /Some changes happen only once in a while, like an eclipse of the moon. / Others happen repeatedly, like the rising and setting of the sun. / Humans always have noted natural events that repeat themselves. / When people beganto count such events, they began to measure time. /eclipse（日，月）食rising and setting of the sun日出和日落Passage 17PatentPatents are meant to protect the chances of inventors / to make money from their creations. / The term of a patent is up to 20 years. / During that time, the inventor controls the legal right / to make, use or sell the invention. / After 20 years, anyone can make or sell the invention. /A patent gives both inventors and investors time to develop and market a product. / Patents also provide a way to share and spread technical information. /Suppose you have an idea for an invention. / How do you get a patent to protect your rights? / The first step is to record your idea on paper. / You must be sure no one else has invented a device just like yours. / So you must examine the descriptions of similar devices that already have patents. / This can be a big job and take a long time. / Many inventors pay patent lawyers to do this job. / patent 专利up to 到达……之多Passage l8Central ParkCentral Park in New York City is the first m4ior city park in America. / It contains more than 340 hectares of land. / The designer's goal is to make a beautiful natural environment / with lakes, woods and open areas for all the people of New York to enjoy. /About 25 million people visit Central Park each year. / These include people from other areas of America and from foreign countries. / Millions of people who live in New York love Central Park / as a place to escape from their small apartments in high-rise buildings. /Every day, people walk, run or ride bicycles along the paths in Central Park. / Others walk their dogs, play baseball, / row a boat on the lake or eat a meal on the grass. / Bird-watchers can observe more than 200 kinds of birds in the park. / Many people also use the park for special events. / For example, some people choose one of the beautiful natural areas in the park / as the perfect place to get married. /hectare 公顷special event 特别事件Passage l9Yard SalesYard sales do not have to be huge. / One family, or even one person, can hold a yard salePeople simply collect some things they no longer want / and put them in the yard outside their home. / They might also place handmade signs on nearby streets to direct people to the sale. / Yard sales are a good way for people without much money / to find things for their family. / But even people with a lot of money like to look around. / Professional dealers might also go to yard sales. / If they find something valuable at a low price, they can re-sell it for more. / Still other people go to yard sales because they enjoy the hunt. / They like to find beautiful or unusual things / that are being sold for less than the value. / For example, they may find a piece of old furniture / that is worth a lot of money after it is repaired. /dealer 商人Passage 20Pressing Oil from SeedsOil is separated from seeds by using pressure. / A machine called a press is often used. / The first step in pressing the oil from seeds is to crush the seeds between two stones./ A cloth container or bag is filled with the crushed seeds. / Then the bag is hung up. / Some of the oil will flow out of the bag and can be collected. / But some oil will remain in the crushed seeds inside the bag. / The easiest way to get the rest of the oil out / is to place heavy rocks on the crushed material. / Another method is to place several cloth bags on top of each other in a box, / Then a long wooden stick is used to slowly push a heavy cover down on the bags' / Great pressure is produced in this way. / Much greater pressure can be produced by using a machine. / The greater the pressure, / the more oil will be produced. /seed 种子hang up 挂起来press 榨油机，压榨flow out of 从……中流出Passage 21University DaysBritish universities start in September or October. / Courses normally last 3 years, / but some, such as languages, engineering or medicine, can take much longer to complete. / Students usually go to university in a different town, / so they need to get used to living alone, paying bills and washing their own clothes! / For many, this is a difficult time, but everyone soon becomes used to it! /Universities in Britain used to be free, / but many students now have to pay for part of their course. / Similarly, students used to receive a grant from the government. / Nowadays, they have to apply for student loans or take part-time jobs. / Either way, it can be difficult and many studentshave money problems. /University life is not just about studying, however. / Many students take part in drama productions or play music. / Others, of course, take part in a wide range of sports, / such as football, rugby and cricket. /grant 助学金，补助金loan 贷款cricket 板球rugby 橄榄球Passage 22American Education SystemThe education system in the United States is controlled by state and local governments. / But education laws are similar in each state. / For example, in all 50 states and 6 territories, / all children must attend school from the age of 6 or 7 to the age of 16. / Public schools are free of charge for grades 1 through 12. /Private schools also operate in a1l states and territories. / Some private schools are operated by churches and religious groups./ Other private schools are not linked to any religious organization/. Private schools must be approved by the state in which they operate. / Most private schools do no receive government money. / The parents of private school students pay the school. /The school year usually begins in September and continues until June. / Most states require a school year of 180 days. / Some schools have changed this schedule / and require students to attend school throughout the year. /territory领土，领域Passage 23Universities in the USThere are thousands of colleges and universities in the United States. / Nearly half of the high school graduates in America go on to college. / Most go to large state universities. / Some of these universities have 40,000 or more students. / There are also many small universities with only a few hundred students. / Large universities have many buildings, / each building for a particular subject. / Students often must go from one class in one building to the next class in another building across campus. / They may have only a few minutes between classes to go from one building to another. /When students begin the university, they must take classes in many subjects. / These are the required courses. / English and math are usually required courses, / and often a history and ascience course are required too. / Students will study mostly required courses during their first year. / Later, they will specialize, and take courses in one subject. /graduate 毕业生specialize 专攻state university 州立大学required course 必修课Passage 24Music in British SchoolsMusic plays a big part in British schools. / Pupils can learn an instrument at school. / Traditionally, school children learn classical instruments. / Younger children often learn the recorder. / As they get older, they start to play the violin or piano. / In fact, nearly one out of five music students is learning the violin. / The piano, or keyboard, is more popular with older children at secondary school, / However, more pupils than ever before are now learning the guitar, / as they think playing the guitar is cool. /British schools do not just offer lessons for instruments, / but they have music classes for all pupils. / In the past, the focus of classes was very much Western classical music. / But the classes now cover a far wider range of styles, including folk music and world music. / Many schools have orchestras and put on concerts each term. / It is also common for pupils themselves to form their own bands. /recorder八孔长笛folk music 民乐orchestra 管弦乐队Passage 25Summer School and Online ClassesIn the United States, summer school used to be seen mainly as a place / for high school students to repeat classes they failed. / But summer programs have expanded. / Students often go to summer school / so they can ease their class load during the school year. / Or it might give them more freedom / to choose the classes they want during the regular term. /Summer school students do the same amount of work / as if they took the class during the school year. / But they do it in just one to two months. /Another choice for many students is to take classes online. / However, some online classes require students to come to a classroom to take tests. / Students may also have to take part in group discussions with the teacher online. / And there may be a required number of hours to spend logged on each day. / Yet there may also be freedom to do the work anytime, day or night. / summer program暑假课程ease the class load 减轻学业负担regular term常规学期log on 登录Passage 26American MoviesAmerican Movies do not attempt to show the lives of all the people of the United States. / Many movies contain some truth. / But even a movie that deals with true subjects / represents the ideas of the person who wrote it, / the people who acted in it and the person who directed it. / Over the years, some Americans have tried to ban some kinds of movies. / These include movies that are violent or show people having sexual relations. / People have taken legal action to stop such movies. / But court decisions have said that the right to make any kind of movie / is protected by the part of the United States Constitution / that guarantees freedom of speech. / In the United States, people have the right / to produce a bad movie or write a bad book. / People who make movies try to provide entertainment and excitement. / However, entertainment are excitement often have nothing to do with the real world. /the United States Constitution 美国宪法Passage 27The Library of CongressThe Library of Congress is America's national library. / It has more than 120 million books and other objects. / It has newspapers, popular publications and letters of historical interest. / It also has maps, photographs, art prints, movies, sound recordings and musical instruments. / The Library of Congress is open to the public Monday through Saturday, / except for government holidays. / Anyone may go there and read anything in the collection. / But no one is permitted take books out of the building. /The Library of Congress provides books and materials to the United States Congress. / It also lends books to other American libraries, government agencies and foreign libraries. / It buys some of its books and gets others as gifts. / It also gets materials through its copyright office. / Anyone who wants copyright protection for a publication / must send two copies to the library. / This means the Library of Congress receives almost everything published in the United States. / of historical interest 有历史意义的sound recording 录音copyright protection 版权保护United States Congress 美国国会Passage 28TheatreIn many parts of the world, "going to the theatre" is seen as an activity / which only a veryfew people do. /"Theatre" is not often seen as being a pastime that many ordinary people do. / Ordinary people watch TV, or go to the cinema, / or go out to eat with friends. / The theatre is for rich, upper-class intellectuals. /Like a lot of obvious remarks, there is some truth in this. / Theatre tickets are quite expensive. /They cost more than cinema tickets. / Theatres which show new plays are usually only in big cities. /However, even though this is true, / there are a lot of theatre companies who are challenging this idea. / And the way they are challenging this idea is by working with schools. / In the UK, many theatre companies now have an "educational department". / They go into schools and help students to understand and e4ioy the plays they do. /intellectual 知识分子pastime 消遣娱乐upper-class 上层社会的remark /话语Passage 29GuitarProbably no other musical instrument is as popular around the world as the guitar. / Musicians use the guitar for almost every kind of music. / Country and western music would not be the same without a guitar. / The traditional Spanish folk music could not exist without a guitar. / The sound of American blues music would not be the same / without the sad cry of the guitar. / And rock and roll music would almost be impossible without this instrument. /Music experts do not agree about where the guitar first was played. / Most agree it is ancient. /Some experts say an instrument very much like a guitar / was played in Egypt more than 1,000 years ago. / Some other experts say that the ancestor of the modem guitar was brought to Spain / from the ancient Iran sometime in the 12th century. / The guitar continued to develop in Spain. / In the 1700s it became similar to the instrument we know today. /folk music民间音乐Iran 伊朗Passage 30American's Leisure ActivitiesLeisure activities include things like watching television, seeing friends or exercising. / Both men and women reported that they spent about half their leisure time watching television. / Visiting friends and attending social events / was the next most common leisure activity for both sexes. /。

初一英语单词听写单子

Unit 11 我的2名字3 是4名字是5 钟6 我是7 adj. 好的；令人愉快的8 v. 遇见；相逢9. 你；你们10adj. 什么11 是什么12 你的；你们的13 （表示问候）喂14 （表示问候）嗨15 他的16 和；又；而且17. 她的18. 问题；难题；询问；疑问19. 回答；答复；答案20 看；望；看起来21 adj. 第一的22 名字23adj. 最后的；上一个的24 姓氏25 n. 男孩26 n. 女孩27. 零28. 一29. 二30. 三31. 四32. 五33. 六34. 七35. 八36. 九37. 电话38. 数；数字39 电话号码40. 电话41 电话号码42. 它43 它是44. 卡；卡片45 身份证46. 家；家庭47 姓氏Unit 21 adj. 这；这个2 n. 铅笔3n. 钢笔4 n. 书5 n. 橡皮；铅笔擦；黑板擦6 n. 尺；直尺7 n. 箱；盒；橱8 铅笔盒；文具盒9 n. 双肩背包10 卷笔刀；铅笔刀11 n. 字典；词典12 adj. 那；那个13. （表示肯定）是14. （表示否定）不；不是15. （构成否定形式）不是16 不是17 v. 原谅；宽恕18 请原谅（客套语，用于与陌生人搭话、打断别人说话等场合）19v. 感谢20 好；不错21. 用（表示方法，媒介，工具等）22 n. 英语；英文23art. 一个（只，把，台……）24 adv. （指程度）多么；何等；怎样25 aux. 做；干；构成否定句、疑问句的助动词26 v. 拼写27n. 棒球28 n. 手表29 n. 电脑；电子计算机30 n. 游戏31 电子游戏32n. 钥匙33n. 笔记本34n. 环；戒指35 v. 打电话36在……（里面或附近）；在……（点、刻）；以37. 在……里面38art. 表示特指的人、物、事或群体39 v. 遗失40v. 找回41 失物招领42. （祈使句中用作请求的客套话）请43 n. 学校44 一套；一副45. （属于）……rUnit 31 n. 姐；妹2 n. 妈妈；母亲3 n. 爸爸；父亲4n. 父亲或母亲5n. 兄；弟6 n. 祖母；外祖母7 n. 祖父；外祖父8 n. 朋友9 n. 祖父（母）；外祖父（母）10 & adj. 那些11 v. 是12 那是13adj. 这些14. 她15. 他16 他是17n. 姨母；姑母；伯母；婶母；舅母18 n. 儿子19 n. 堂（表）兄弟；堂（表）姐妹20 n. 女儿21 n. 叔；伯；舅；姨夫；姑父22 n. 照片；图片23 adj. 亲爱的（冠于信函中的称谓，以示礼貌）24. 为了（表示目的或原因）25 为……而感谢26n. 照片；相片27 adv. 这里；在这里Unit 41adv. 在哪里（疑问副词）2在哪儿3 n. 桌子4 n. 床5 n. 梳妆台6 n. 书橱；书柜7n. 沙发8 n. 椅子9 n. 抽屉10 n. 植物11. 在……下12. 他们13 他们是14 在……上15 v. 知道；了解16 n. 书包；提包；袋子17n. 数学18 闹钟19. 光盘20 n. 录像；视频21n. 录音带22 录像带23n. 帽子24 v. 拿走；带到25 n. 东西；物26. 朝；向；至；达27 n. 妈妈（非正式用语）28 v. 能；可以；会29 v. 拿来；取来；带来30adj. & pron. 一些；若干31v. 需要32 n. 地板；地面33 n. 房间34. 电视；电视机35 n. 书桌；课桌Unit 51v. 有2n. 英式足球3 n. 球4 英式足球5 n. 网球6 n. 球拍（网球、羽毛球的）7 网球拍8 n. 乒乓球9 n. 排球10 n. 篮球11n. 球拍（乒乓球等的）12 做；干；构成否定句、疑问句的助动词（动词do的第三人称单数形式13v. 允许；让14我们（we的宾格）15 让我们；让咱们16v. 玩；打（球）17 喔；噢；唔；这个18 v. 听起来19adj. 良好的；令人满意的20 n. 运动21 我们22 adj. 大量的23 n. 社团；俱乐部24. 更多的；更大的25 n. 班级；（一节）课26 adj. 有趣的；令人感兴趣的27adj. 无聊的；令人生厌的28 adj. 令人愉快的29 adj. 困难的30 adj. 轻松的31 v. 观看；注视32 看电视33 v. （have的第三人单数形式）有34 adj. 美妙的；大的35 n. 收藏品；收集物36 conj. 但是37 参加体育运动或比赛38 adv. 只；仅仅39 pron. （they的宾格）他（她，它）们40adj. 每一；每个41 n. 天；日间；白天；一日Unit 61 v. 喜欢2 n. 香蕉3 n. 汉堡包4 n. 西红柿5 n. 花椰菜6 炸马铃薯条；薯条7 n. 橙子8 n. 冰9n. 奶油；乳脂10 冰淇淋11 n. 沙拉12 n. 草莓13n. 梨14 v. 吃；饮15 啊；噢；呀（表示惊讶等）16 可数名词17 noun 不可数名词18 n. 食物19n. 蛋；鸡蛋20 n. 苹果21 n. 胡萝卜22 n. 鸡；鸡肉23 n. 早餐24 n. 午餐25 n. 晚餐；正餐26 n. 水果27 n. 蔬菜；植物28 n. 奔跑者29v. 吃30adv. 好；对；满意地31 v. 跑；奔跑32 n. 星星；明星33 adv. 许多；很多34 大量；许多35adj. 健康的；强健的36 n. （饭后的）甜食37 n. 清单复习 Unit 1 to 61n. 家具（总称）2n. 人；人民3. （元音前）一个（只，把，台……）4 n. 空白5 n. 交谈；谈话6. & adj. 另外的人（物）；其他的7 adv. 也；亦；并且Unit 71 （价钱）多少2n. （pl.)裤子3 n. 短袜4 n. 男衬衣；衬衫5 n. T恤衫6 n. （pl.)短裤7 n. 毛衣8n. 鞋9 n. 裙子10n. 出售；廉价销售11 元（美国、加拿大等国的货币单位，符号为$）12n. 色；颜色13adj. & n. 黑色（的）14 adj. & n. 白色（的）15 adj. & n. 红色（的）16 adj. & n. 绿色（的）17adj. & n. 蓝色（的）18adj. & n. 黄色（的）19adj. 广大的；重大的20 adj. 小的；小号的21 adj. 短的；矮的22 adj. 长的23 n. （银行、办公室、商店等的）职员；办事员24 v. 帮助；援助25v. 需要；想要26. 给你。

英语专四听写50篇

英语专四听写英语专四听写01ReadingNowadays few of us read books after we leave school.This is rather disturbing, for one should know that books are no less necessary to one’s mental life than fresh air is to one’s physical life. From good reading we can derive companionship, experience and instruction. A good book is our faithful friend. It can increase our contentment when we are cheerful and happy, and lessen our pain when we are sad or lonely. Books can also offer us a wide range of experience. Few of us can travel far from home or live long over 100,’s more, but all of us can live many lives through the pages of books. Whatreading books can increase our intellectual ability, broaden our minds and make us wise.With the coming of TV,, books are no longer read as widely as they once were. However, nothing can replace the role that books play in our lives.Useful words and expressions:1. leave school 离校，中学毕业2. disturbing 烦扰的3. mental 精神的4. derive 得到5. companionship 伴侣6. intellectual 智力的02 Natural ResourcesThrough the changes in the ways of making a living in a family over several generations, the cartoon aims at sounding a warning against man’s wasteful use of natural resources and emphasizing the urgent need to preserve these resources.Ever since man appeared on the earth, man’s survival has been heavily dependent on nature. Almost everything we use in our everyday life comes from nature, ranging from the food we eat, the water we drink, to the wood which is turned into furniture. With the development of technology and population growth, the amount and range of materials used has increased at an alarming rate.However, natural resources are not inexhaustible. Some reserves are already on the brink of exhaustion and there is no hope of replacing them. The widespread water shortage is an example in point. If man continued to squander natural resources with no thought for the future, the whole world would be in a mess.Useful Words and Expressions:谋生1. make a living 谋生2. aim at 瞄准3. aim high 胸怀大志4. alarming使人惊动的5. inexhaustible 无穷无尽的6. squander 浪费乱七八糟7. be in a mess 乱七八糟03 Population GrowthIt is well-known that there has been a drastic increase in world population. But it is probably les well-known that the extinction rate of wildlife species is experiencing a parallel trend.T ake the United States for instance. In 1990, U.S. population reached an unprecedented level of 250 million, which is approximately 250 times of that of 1800. On the other hand, wildlife species are disappearing from the country at an alarming rate. By 1990, about 70 wildlife species would never be seen in U.S. We are fully justified in declaring that the explosive population growth has had an adverse effect on the survival of wildlife species and will be a constant threat to the wildlife resources if no immediate actions are taken.Nothing has ever equaled the magnitude and speed with which the human species is altering the physical and chemical world. It has been demolishing the environment we are living in.Useful words and expressions:1. drastic 激烈的2. parallel 平行的3. trend 倾向4. unprecedented 空前的5. magnitude 大小，数量6. alter 改变7. demolish 毁坏04House and Home“House”and “home”are two words that have similar meanings.“House”and “home”both refer to places where people live. However, thereis a difference between them. “Home”is often referred to as the place that we live in with our families. Sadly, in our society, people can hardly distinguish a home from a house because they often see no difference between them. This confusion can be traced back to the indifference between family members. Therefore, we can say that love is an important factor in a home. A home is a shelter, not only for our bodies but also for our minds. Whenever we are depressed, we can go home for comfort. Everyone in the family will do his best to take care of each other and share their happiness as well as sorrow. Without love, a home is merely a house where loneliness is all that can be found. And a house can never be a home unless there is love.Useful words and expressions:1. refer to 提到2. distinguish区别，辨别3. confusion 混乱，混淆4. trace back 追溯到5. indifference 不关心6. depressed 沮丧的05 AutomobilesIt is impossible to say that any one man invented the automobile. Many individuals living and working in different countries and at different times contributed to its development. Many of the discoveries that went into thecreation of the automobile were small in themselves. But together they were important. Here are two examples.“Carriage is running at a speed of 8 to 9 miles an hour.”It was almost unheardof in those days. According to automobile historians, this was the first practical use of mechanical power to move a vehicle. After its first run, the machine reportedly burned up while the inventor and his friends were celebrating its success at a pub.Henry Ford is considered the father of modern automobiles mass production. His famous Model-T car,, because of its low price, made it possible to produce cars on a large scale and his efforts made it accessible to ordinary people. Useful words and expressions:1. reportedly 据传说，据传闻2. mass production大规模生产大规模地3. on a large scale 大规模地4. accessible 易接近的，可到达的accessible to 与……接近06 The Influence of LifeIn the early times when human beings hunted and gathered food, they were not in control of their environment. They could only interact with their surroundings as the other lower animals did.When they learned to make fire, however, they became capable of altering their environment. To provide themselves with fuel, they cut down trees. They also burned clearings in forests to increase the growth of grass and to provide a greater grazing area for the wild animals that human beings fed upon. Thisdevelopment led to farming and the domestication of animals. Fire provided the means for cooking plants which had previously been inedible. Only when the process of meeting the basic need for food reached a certain level was it possible for humans to follow other pursuits such as setting up families, forming societies and founding cities.Useful words and Expressions:1. interact with 与……组合2. clearing 空旷地3. grazing 放牧，牧草4. domestication 驯养，驯服5. previously 先前，以前6. inedible 不能吃的，不适于食用的7. pursuit 追击8. set up 设立07 Gardening in AmericaBelieve or not, 43,000,000 Americans are gardening. That is about one in six. Gardeners, of course, come in many varieties. Not surprisingly, most of them are people who live in the suburbs, and enjoy planting flowers, or maybe a small vegetables garden.The average age of gardeners in America is about 45 years old; they usually fall somewhere in the middle class. But the fastest growing groups are city dwellers. Urban residents are finding ways of gardening even in their crowded areas. Many go to large public gardens, as a place designed by the city for garden, and you can actually ranch your own plot.Still other people use their balconies or roof tops, wherever they can find the space to plant small patches of green.Useful Words and Expressions:1. suburb 郊区2. dweller 居民3. ranch 经营牧场4. balcony 阳台5. patch小块地08 Our ConcernThe history of life on earth has been a history of interaction between living things and their surroundings. T o a large extent, the physical form and the habits of the earth’s vegetation and its animal life have been molded by the environment. Only in the present century has one species of man acquired significant power to alter the nature of his world.The rapidity of change follows the pace of man rather than the pace of nature. Radiation is now the unnatural creation of man’s tampering with the atom. The chemicals are the creations of man’s inventive mind, having no counterparts in nature.We have put poisonous and biologically potent chemicals into the hands of persons largely ignorant of their potentials for harm. We have subjected enormous numbers of people to contact with these enormous numbers of people to contact with these poisons, without their consent and often without their knowledge. We have allowed these chemicals to be used with little or noadvance investigation of their effect. Future generations are unlikely to forgive our lack of concern.Useful Words and Expressions:1. interaction 交互作用，交感2. vegetation 植被3. mold 塑造，浇铸4. species 种类5. unnatural 不自然的6. temper with 损害，影响7. counterpart 配对物8. poisonous 有毒的9. potent 有力的，有效的10. consent 同意，赞成09 SleepWhy is it so difficult to fall asleep when you are overtired? There is no one“tired”physically answer that applies to every individual. It is possible to feeland still be unable to fall asleep, because while your body may be exhausted,“turn off”.you do not feel sleepy. It is not so easy to simplyLack of sleep complicates matters even more. Experts say adults need at least seven to eight hours of sleep a night to function properly. When you get less“sleep sleep than that on consecutive three nights, you begin to accrue four debt”. As sleep debt increases your body experiences a stress response. Now a vicious cycle has been created: You experience the feeling of being more and more tired, but your body is increasingly stimulated. “Power sleeping”formore hours on weekends is only a temporary solution. There is no substitute for getting a good night’s sleep on a regular basis.Useful Words and Expressions:1. overtire 使过度疲劳2. apply to 将……应用于3. consecutive 连续的，连贯的4. accrue 自然增加，产生5. vicious恶的vicious cycle 恶性循环6. stimulate 刺激，激励7. substitute for 代替……，替换……10 Apology HelpsIt is never easy to admit you are in the wrong. Being human, we all need to know the art of apologizing. Look back with honesty and think how often you have judged roughly, you said unkind things, and pushed yourself ahead at the expense of a friend. Then count the occasions when you indicated clearly and truly that you were so sorry. A bit frightening, isn’t it? It is frightening, isn’tit? It is frightening because some deep wisdom in us knows that when even a small wrong has been committed, some mysterious moral feeling is disturbed; and it stays out of balance until fault is acknowledged and regret expressed.A heartfelt apology can not only heal a damaged relationship but also make it stronger. If you can think of someone who deserves an apology from you, someone you have wronged, or judged too roughly, or just neglected, do something about it right now.1. push ahead 捉紧进行在损害……的情况下2. at the expense of 在损害……的情况下3. mysterious神秘的4. moral 道德的5. disturbed 扰乱的不参与……，置身于……之外6. stay out of 不参与……，置身于……之外7. heartfelt 衷心的，真心真意的8. roughly粗糙地，概略地11 How High Can You Jump?Fleas trainers have observed a strange habit of fleas while training them. Fleas are trained by putting them in a cardboard box with a top on it. The fleas will jump up and hit the top of the cardboard box over and over and over again. As you watch them jump and hit the lid, something very interesting becomes obvious. The fleas continue to jump, but they are no longer jumping high enough to hit the top.When you take off the lid, the fleas continue to jump, but they will not jump out of the box. They will not jump out because they cannot jump out. Why? The reason is simple. They have conditioned themselves to jump just so high. Once they have conditioned themselves to jump just so high. Once they have conditioned themselves to jump just so high, that is all they can do!Many times, people do the same thing. They restrict themselves and never reach their potential. Just like the fleas, they fail to jump higher, thinking they are doing al they can do.1. cardboard 纸板2. lid 盖子3. conditioned 有条件的，习惯于……的4. restrict 限制，约束限于狭窄的范围内be restricted within narrow limits 限于狭窄的范围内be restricted in one’s movements 行动受限制12Don’t give upIf we would ever accomplish anything in life, let us not forget that we must persevere. If we would learn our lessons in school, we must be diligent and not give up whenever we come to anything difficult. We shall find many of our lessons very hard, but let us consider that the harder they are the better they will do to us if we will preserve and learn them thoroughly.But there are some among us who are ready to give up when they come to a hard example in mathematics, and say, “I can’t do this.”They never will if they feel so. “I can’t”never does anything worthwhile, but “I’ll try”accomplishes wonders.Let us remember that we shall meet with difficulties all through life. They are in the pathway of everyone. If we will only try and keep trying, we shall be sure to conquer and overcome very difficulty we meet.13“How to”BooksBooks which give instructions on how to do things are popular in the United States today. Thousands of these “how to”books are available. In fact, there“how to’.are about for thousand books with titles that begin with the wordsMany “how to”books give advice on careers. They tell you how to choose a career and how to succeed in it. Many of these books help people to use their free time better.. Some people want book which will give them useful information about sports, hobbies and travel. Other people use their free time to make repairs and improvements on their homes. They prefer books which give step-by-step instructions on how to repair things like plumbing and electrical wiring or on how to redecorate or enlarge a house.Why have “how to”books become so popular? Probably because life has become more complex. T oday people have far more free to use, more choices to make, and more problems to solve, “how to”books help people to deal with modern life.1. step-by-step 按部就班的Useful words and Expressions:1.2. redecorate 重新装饰，再装饰3. complex 复杂的，综合的14Professioanl Sports in the U.S.Professional sports are not only very popular in the United States, but also a big business. The most popular sports are baseball, football and basketball. Each sport has its own season and individual teams have millions of supporters. Professional teams are named for the cities where they are located. For example, the Lakers are in Los Angeles. The strongest supporters of the Lakers are residents of Los Angeles and Southern California. When the Lakers play, many people in Los Angeles enthusiastically follow the game. When we mention “NBA”, almost every one knows it ahs some relationship with U.S. professional basketball. However, what does it really stand for? N.B.A is gainingnew fans and supporters around the world. Basketball has been called the “national pastime”. However, football is the most popular professional sport in the U.S.. American football is different from international football, which Americans call “soccer”. Both games require strength and specialized skills. Useful Words and Expressions:被指定为1. be named for 被指定为是……的简称2. be short for 是……的简称3. stand for代表15 ArtistsEvery artist knows in his heart that he is saying something to the public. Not only does he want to say it well, but he wants it to be something which has not been said before.What visual artists, like painters, want to say is easy to make out but difficult to explain, because painters translate their experiences into shapes and colors, not words. They seem to feel that a certain selection of shapes and colors, out of the countless billions of possible, is exceptionally interesting for them and worth showing to us.Most artists take their shapes and colors from the world of nature and from human bodies in motion and response; their choices indicate that these aspects of the world are worth looking at, that they contain beautiful sights. Contemporary artists might say that they merely choose subjects that provide an interesting pattern, that there is nothing more in it. Yet even they do not choose entirely without reference to the character of their subjects.Useful words and Expressions:1. visual artist 视觉艺术家2. selection 挑选，选择3. exceptional 例外的，异常的4. motion 运动，动作5. indicate显示，象征6. contemporary 当代的，同时代的7. without reference to 不论，与……无关16 SoccerSoccer has had a slow start in America. In fact, the majority of schools still have no official soccer teams or coaches. But the blossoming popularity of the game cannot be denied. Thanks to the efforts of some world-famous soccer stars, soccer is soon to have its place in American culture.Although soccer has enjoyed decades of popularity elsewhere, it was literally ignored in America. Instead, a variation of the game called “football”was most popular in the U.S. and still is to this day. But the obvious advantages of playing soccer instead will soon win even the most avid football enthusiasts. For one thing, soccer is a much safer game to play than football. No one deliberately tries to knock an opponent down in soccer. In fact, they players are discouraged from even touching each other.Soccer is a game that requires skill and dexterity in controlling the ball. Since no one may use hands to do this, soccer players soon acquire incredible control of their heads, knees, and feet.Useful Words and Expresisons:1. slow start 缓慢起动2. blossom 兴旺，发展3. ignore 忽视4. avid 渴望的5. discourage from 劝阻6. dexterity 灵巧，机敏17 Will Computers Replace Human Beings?We are in the computer age today. The computers are working all kinds ofwonders now. They are very useful in automatic control and data processing. Atthe same time, computers are finding their way into the home. They seem to beso clever and can solve such complicated problems that some people think sooner or later they will replace us.But I do not think that there is such a possibility. My reason is very simple:computers are machines, not humans. And our tasks are far too various andcomplicated for any one single kind of machine to perform.Probably the greatest difference between man and computer is that the former can do things of his own while the latter can do nothing without beingprogrammed. In my opinion, computers will remain nothing but an extension ofour human brains, no matter how clever and complicated they may become.18 Where Do the British LiveNearly everyone in Britain would like to own their own home and, whether theydo or not, they are prepared to put time and money into decorating andfurnishing it or even making structural alterations to it. Because of the climateand because of the expense involved in going out for the evening, the British spend a lot of time at home and a large part of their social life takes place there. Young people tend to stay with their families longer these days as accommodation is expensive but, when they move away to a job or college, there are various options open to them. They can get lodgings with a landlady. This means that they rent a room in someone’s house and have breakfast with the family. They can also get a bed-sitting room, that is to say one self-contained room in which they can cook, live and sleep. Alternatively, they can share a rented flat or house with a group of young people, perhaps the most popular option of all.Useful Words and Expressions:1. lodging 寄宿处2. bedsit 卧室兼起居室3. bed-sitting 卧室兼起居室的4. self-contained 设备齐全的19 Making a ComplaintComplaining about faulty goods or bad services is never easy. But if something you have brought is faulty or does not do what was claimed for it, you are not asking for a favor to get it put right.Complaints should be made to a responsible person. Go back to the shop where you bought the goods, taking with you any receipt you may have. In a small store the assistant may also be the owner so you can complain direct. In a chain store, ask the manager. If you telephone, ask the name of the person who handles your enquiry, otherwise you may never find out who dealt with the. Stick to the complaint later. If you do not want to do it in person, write a letterfacts and keep a copy of what you write. At this stage you should give any receipt numbers, but you should not need to give receipts or other papers to prove you bought the article.20Water PollutionWater is very important to us. Factories and plants need water for industrial uses and large pieces of farmland need it for irrigation. Without water to drink, people die in a short time.Today most water sources are so dirty that people must purify water before drinking. Water becomes dirty in many ways: industrial pollution is one of them. With the development of industry, plants and factories pour tons of industrialwasters into rivers every day. The rivers have become seriously polluted, and the water is becoming unfit for drinking or irrigation. The same thing has also happened to our seas and oceans. So, the problem of water pollution is almost worldwide.Scientists of many countries have done a lot of work to stop pollution. The polluted water in some places has become clean and drinkable again. Perhaps. That day, one day the people in all towns and cities will be drinking clean waterwe believe, is not very far off.21 CartoonistsIn a good cartoon, the artist can tell in a few lines as much as a writer can tell inhalf a dozen paragraphs. The cartoonist not only tells a story but he also tries topersuade the reader to his way of thinking. He has great influence on publicopinion. In a political campaign, he plays an important part. Controversial issues in Congress or at meetings of the United Nations may keep the cartoonist well-supplied with current materials.A clever cartoonist may cause laughter because he often uses humor in his drawings. If he is sketching a famous person, he takes a prominent feature and exaggerates it. Cartoonists, for instance, like to lengthen an already long nose and to widen an already broad grin. This exaggeration of a person’s characteristics is called caricature. The artist uses such exaggeration to put his message across.Useful Words and Expressions:1. cartoonist 漫画家2. campaign 活动3. controversial 争论的，争议的4. sketch 素描5. prominent 卓越的6. exaggerate 夸张7. lengthen 延长8. grin 露齿笑22 TimeTime is tangible. One can gain time, spend time, waste time, save time, or evenkill time. Common questions in American English reveal this concrete quality as though time were a possession. “Do you have any time?”, “Can you get sometime for this?”, “How much free time do you have?”The treatment of time asa possession influences the way that time is carefully divided.Generally, Americans are taught to do one thing at a time and may be uncomfortable when an activity is interrupted. In businesses, the careful scheduling of time and the separation of activities are common practices. Appointment calendars are printed with 15-,30-, and 60-minute time slots. The idea that “there is a time and place for everything”extends to American social life. Visitors who drop by without prior notice may interrupt their host’svisiting them is personal time. Thus, calling friends on the telephone before v isitinggenerally preferred to visitors’dropping by.Useful words and expressions:1. tangible 切实的2. kill time 消磨时间3. reveal 显示，揭示4. scheduling 行程安排5. slot 缝隙6. drop by 随便访问7. preferred 首选的23 A Free Dress Every Week Thetemptationtostealisgreaterthaneverbeforeespeciallyinlargeshopsandpeople arenotsohonestastheyoncewere.Adetectiverecentlywatchedawell-dressedwomanwhoalwayswentintoalargestor eonMondaymornings. OneMonday, therewerefewerpeopleintheshopthanusualwhenthewomancamein, soitwaseasierforthedetectivetowatchher. Thewomanfirstboughtafewsmallarticles. Afteralittletime,shechoseoneofthemostexpensivedressesintheshopandhandedittoanassistantw howrappeditupforherasquicklyaspossible. Thewomansimplytooktheparcelandwalkedoutoftheshopwithoutpaying. Whenshewasarrested, thedetectivefoundoutthattheshopassistantwasherdaughter. Believeitornot, thegirl“gave” hermotherafreedresseveryweek!24 Are some people born clever, and others born stupid? Or is intelligence developed by our environment and our experience?Strangely enough, the answer to these questions is yes. To some extent our intelligence is given us at birth, and no amount of special education can make a genius out of a child born with low intelligence. On the other hand, a child who lives in a boring environment will develop his intelligence less than one who lives’s intelligence arein rich and varied surroundings. Thus, the limits of a personfixed at birth, whether or not he reaches those limits will depend on his environment. This view, held by most experts now, can be supported in a number of ways. As is easy to show that intelligence is to some extent something we are born with. The closer the blood relationship between two people is, the closer they are likely to be in intelligence.25 Travel for WorkYou can see them in every airport in the world. They are businessmen and women who have to travel for their work.When they first applied for the job, they may have thought of good food and hotels, huge expense accounts and fashionable cities. Now they have to sit in airport lounges, tired and uncomfortable in their smart clothes, listening to theloudspeaker announce “The fight of T okyo, or Berlin, or New York is delayed for another two hours.”Some people say to me, “How lucky you are to be able to travel abroad in your work! You can go sightseeing without paying any money by yourself!”They think that my job is like a continual holiday. It is not.There are advantages, of course, and I do thin I am lucky, but only because I can go to places I would never visit if I was a tourist.26 A Place of Our OwnWe are all usually very careful when we buy something for the house. Why? Because we have to live with it for a long time. We paint a room to make it brighter, so we choose the colors carefully.We buy new curtains in order to match the newly decorated room, so they must—orbe the right color. We move the furniture round so as to make more spacewe buy new furniture—and so on. It is an endless business.Rich or poor,, we take time to furnish a room. Perhaps some people buy furniturein order to impress their friends. But most of us just want to enjoy our surroundings. We want to live as comfortably as we can afford to. We spend a large part of our lives at home. We want to make a small corner in the world which we can recognize as our own27 Great Depression in the U.S.In 1929, the bills started to come in. American industry had produced too many goods. Americans could not afford to buy all of them. So factories had to cut down on their production. Many workers lost their jobs. Investors tried to get their money back. But businesses did not have enough money to pay them.Banks tried to get their money back from investors. But the investors could not pay, either. T oo many people owed money. And few of them could pay their bills. During the next few years, business got worse and worse. By 1932, banks all over the country were closing.People without money could not buy goods. So more businesses closed. More and more people lost their jobs. By 1932, more than 12 million Americans were jobless. Millions more were earning barely enough to live on. The country was in a great depression they had never experienced before.Useful Words and Expressions:1. bill 帐单，票据foot the bill付账，负责减少2. cut down on 减少3. depression 沮丧，萧条Great Depression大萧条28 America’s Worst SurpriseDecember 7, 1941 was one of the worst days in American history. Nearly allAmericans who are old enough to remember that day can still remember what they were doing at the moment they heard “the news”. The news was that America had been attacked!.M., a radio dispatch came into Washington from Honolulu, Shortly before 2:00 P.M.,Hawaii. “Air Raid, Pearl Harbor—This is no drill.”Japanese planes had begunan attack on the largest American military base in the Pacific. They first. destroyed planes on the ground. Then they bombed the ships in the harborNo one had expected the attack. So no one was prepared for it. And it did not。

填空听写二十篇 (Spot Dictation)

填空听写二十篇(Spot Dictation)说明：本次听写练习题的难度在英语专业三级水平（相当于大学英语四级）。

每篇填空听写练习的前7个空只填写一个单词，较为简单，主要考查词汇量和辩音能力，第8-10个空应填写完整的句子，主要为专四标准听写做准备，可以不必完全与原句一样，用自己的话写出语法正确符合原文意思的Major Points即可。

填空听写训练是向专四标准听写过渡的重要阶段，这类习题可以在非英语专业的大学英语四级练习题中找到，建议训练几十篇后再进行难度较大的全文听写。

试题的语音及文字资料仅供课堂教学使用，请勿用于其他任何形式的转载和引用。

Passage 1People have been working on the idea of the helicopters for more than four hundred years. About four hundred years ago, a man thought of a flying machine and (1) _____ a picture of it. It was like a helicopter in some ways. But the people of that time did not know about the (2) _____ of flying. So the man's idea (3) _____ a picture on a piece of paper for many years.About one (4) _____ ago, some men made (5) _____ of flying machines and the first airplanes were born. Since then (6) _____ has been making (7) _____ progress.In about 1930, some people made a big helicopter. (8) _____. Then some other people made another kind of helicopter, which carried only one man, but could fly for many hours.Today there are many kinds of helicopters, big and small. (9) _____. People in some places cannot always drive their cars to the airport to board a plane. Some of them have helicopters of their own, though they are not always rich people. They fly to the airport in their helicopter, get ona plane, and take off again.(10) _____. Then people will go to work in their own helicopters just as they do in their cars today. Indeed, the helicopter is a great achievement of science.Passage 2Martin Luther King, Jr. was born in Atlanta, Georgia, on (1) _____ 15, 1929. He was a black (2) _____, who devoted himself (3) _____ to the struggle for equal rights for the black people and an end to segregation in the South of the United States. In (4) _____, he organized a black boycott of the city buses in Montgomery, Alabama. The black people there had (5) _____ that they would no longer ride in segregated buses. Led by King, they (6) _____ to the courts for support of their effort. The boycott against segregation lasted 381 days, and ended in (7) _____ the next year.In the spring of 1963, he began to organize a march to Washington to persuade the U.S. government to back a mass Civil Rights Movement for black people. (8) _____. From all over the country, citizens came to "march on Washington" in support of civil rights legislation. It was then that King delivered the most impressive speech of his career. (9) _____.In 1964, at the age of only 35, he was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize. (10) _____.Passage 3One of the (1) _____ of large modern cities is the number of big department stores, most ofwhich are to be found in or near the (2) _____ area. They're vast buildings many stories high, where you can buy almost anything you need, from a box of toothpicks to a suite of (3) _____. Most of them are very modern and are equipped with (4) _____ elevators and escalators, and have (5) _____ lighting, air-conditioning and ventilation. You can spend hours (6) _____ around in one of these department stores, and you will probably lose your way while you are doing so, in spite of the many (7) _____ pointing the way to the elevators and exits.If you have been in one of these stores so long that you feel hungry, you and your family will not need to leave the building, for nearly all the big stores have cafes, snack bars or restaurants in them. (8) _____, though occasionally an assistant may ask you whether he or she can be of help to you.Another feature of Shanghai's shopping life is the chain-store, in which prices are lower than in the big store, and a wide variety of goods are offered — chiefly foodstuffs, household goods, clothing and stationery. (9) _____, in spite of the vigilance of the store security guards.A lot of the food stores in Shanghai now operate on the "serve yourself" system: (10) _____. At the exit there are a number of counters where you pay for all your purchases together.Passage 4In the United States the cost of living has been (1) _____ rising for the past few (2) _____. Food prices, clothing costs, housing (3) _____, and tuition fees are constantly getting higher and higher. Partly because of (4) _____ need, and partly because of (5) _____ choices for personal fulfillment, mothers have been leaving the (6) _____ role of full-time homemaker. Increasingly they have been taking (7) _____ jobs outside the home.Making such a significant role change affects the entire family, especially the children. Some consequences are obvious. For example, dinnertime is at a later hour. (8)_____. They suppress their guilt since they believe that their work will benefit everyone in the long run. The income will enable the family to save for college tuition, take an extended vacation, buy a new car, and so on.The emotional impact on the children can be significant. (9) _____. They might need assistance with their homework or want to share the day's activities. (10) _____. Their priority is making the evening meal for the family, not engaging in relaxed conversation.Passage 5If you break your arm or leg, the doctor will (1) _____ send you to a hospital to have an X-ray photograph taken to find out just where the break is and what kind of break it is. If a small child (2) _____ a coin or some other hard (3) _____, as sometimes happens, the doctor will take an X-ray photograph of the child's (4) _____. Every hospital has an X-ray (5) _____, and doctors now depend on these photographs to find out if there is anything wrong with the (6) _____, for example, which can not be seen from outside the body.X-rays were first discovered by a German scientist, Wilhelm Konrad Rontgen, in 1895, almost by (7) _____.He and other scientists were experimenting with passing electric currents through certain gases in a special glass tube. (8) _____. This aroused Rontgen's curiosity. The next thing he found out was that if he put his hand between the rays and a photographic plate, the rays would print ashadow of the bony framework of his hand on the plate. (9) _____.When Rontgen wrote an account of what he had discovered, (10) _____. Other scientists called them Rontgen rays in honor of the man who first found them, but X-ray is the name now commonly used.Passage 6Atoms are the building blocks of our world —(1) _____ units that make up everything around us. In the same way that wheels, bands, (2) _____, and pins fit together to make a clock or a toy, atoms of (3) _____ kinds fit together to form the (4) _____ around us.At one time or another, almost everyone has taken apart a toy or a clock to see what makes it work. The result is simply a (5) _____ of parts. Some people can (6) _____ out how to put the parts together again, to rebuild the toy or clock. And a few people can even work out ways to make (7) _____ new devices out of the toy or clock parts.Modern scientists have learned to do very much the same kind of thing with matter. (8) _____. Air, water, rock, and even people are composed of matter. (9) _____. A molecule is the smallest piece that keeps the characteristics of the original substance. For instance, a sugar molecule is the smallest piece that is still like sugar. (10) _____. These are atoms. From this example, we can see why atoms are called the building blocks of matter. All the kinds of matter in the world are made from only about 100 different kinds of atoms.Passage 7Since the (1) _____ of history, men have gathered information and have (2) _____ to pass it on to other men. The (3) _____ of word-pictures on the walls of (4) _____ caves as well as hieroglyphics on stone tablets (5) _____ some of man's earliest efforts to (6) _____ information. Evidently, these efforts were very simple and (7) _____.But as civilizations grew more complex, better methods of communication were needed. The written word, carrier pigeons, the telegraph and many other devices carried ideas faster and faster from man to man but still not fast enough to satisfy ever-growing needs. (8) _____. With the invention and development of computers, it is as if man has suddenly come upon Aladin's magic lamp.(9) _____. For this reason, computers can be defined as devices which accept information, perform mathematical or logical operations with the input information, and then supply the results of these operations as new information.(10) _____. However, although computers can replace men in dull, routine tasks, they only work according to the instructions given them, in other words, they have to be programmed. Their achievements are not very spectacular when compared to what the minds of men can do.Passage 8Canada has the largest (1) _____ area in the world after the (2) _____ U.S. S. R., but it is rather (3) _____ populated. Most (4) _____ live in the south, within about 500 kilometers of the (5) _____ with the U.S.A.The far north of Canada lies within the Arctic (6) _____, where the winters are long and (7) _____ cold. Eskimos live in the Arctic, a region where it is too cold even for trees to grow. South of that region is a vast area with many forests and lakes.The more populated part of southern Canada stretches about 5 000 kilometers from east to west. Here are found valuable forests, rich deposits of minerals, and various manufacturing industries. (8) _____.To the east of the Rockies are vast grasslands, called prairies, where cattle are reared and a large amount of wheat is grown. Coal and oil also come from this area. In south-eastern Canada is the important lowland region around the Great Lakes and the St. Lawrence River. (9) _____. And this is where Canada's two largest cities, Toronto and Montreal, as well as the capital, Ottawa, are located.English and French are the official languages. (10) _____. The country is divided into ten provinces and two thinly populated territories. It has a central government, with a parliament, headed by a prime minister.Passage 9Everybody knows that the car is a (1) _____ machine. The experts (2) _____ that cars of the future will be made of (3) _____ and carbon fibers that will be much stronger than steel and much lighter in weight. Even the (4) _____ will be made of these materials.Cars of the future will be smaller and lighter but their designs will probably be (5) _____ to those of the latest (6) _____ of the modern sports cars. There will probably not be any (7) _____ design changes for a long time.The real frontier for cars of the future lies not in body design but with computer activation. Cars may someday actually drive themselves. (8) _____. Everyone in the car would be able to relax, even take a nap, as the car speeds along at hundreds of kilometers per hour. (9) _____. Changes of destination along the way could be made from a computer in the car to a central computer controlling and regulating the traffic.(10)_____, perhaps, even as early as the early 21st century — which would make it in your lifetime.Passage 10Do you have (1) _____ sleeping at night? Then, maybe, this is for you:When you worry about not being able to sleep and (2) _____ around, trying to find a (3) _____ position, you're probably only making matters (4) _____. What happens is that your heart rate actually (5) _____, making it more difficult to (6) _____. You may also have some bad habits that contribute to the problem. Do you rest (7) _____ during the day? Do you get almost no exercise or do you exercise strenuously late in the day? Do you think about sleep a lot or sleep late on the weekend?Any of all these factors might be leading to your insomnia by disrupting your body's natural rhythm. What should you do then on those sleepless night? Don't bother with sleeping pills. (8) _____. The best thing to do is to drink some milk or eat some cheese or tuna fish. (9) _____. Thiswill enable you to relax and you'll be on the way to get a good night's sleep. (10) _____. Think about this: when the morning comes, everything will be all right again.Passage 11Education is (1) _____ in Australia. Children begin school when they are 6 and stay until they are at least 15. Children in Tasmania must stay in school until they are 16. Most children start in (2) _____ classes at the age of 5. There are (3) _____, or "state" schools in all (4) _____ parts of the country, but pupils who live in the (5) _____ outback take (6) _____ courses and listen to radio classes. Australia also has many (7) _____ or "independent" school. One child in four attends an independent school. As in England, the leading private schools are called public schools. (8) _____. The school year, which begins in late January or early February, ends in mid-December. This time of the year is summer in the Southern Hemisphere. Christmas vacation is the time for taking long trips and for going to summer camps.(9) _____. Games are taught as part of physical education classes. The boys play cricket in summer and Australian Rules football, soccer, and rugby in winter. The girls play basketball throughout the year. (10) _____.Passage 12Indians in the United States are faced with (1) _____ problems. Many Indians still live on reservations, in squalid shacks that don't even have indoor (2) _____. The water there is often so (3) _____ that it is not fit for drinking. Mechanization has (4) _____ eliminated many of the ranching and (5) _____ jobs formerly (6) _____ to the Indians, and few (7) _____ have been set up on the reservations.In any case, most native Americans have had only very little schooling and remain untrained for skilled jobs. (8) _____. As groups of people with their own languages and cultures, each tribe wants to keep up its traditions and preserve some of its native customs. The adults want their children to be proud of being Indians, as well as to survive in the modern world. (9) _____. Like everyone else, they are anxious to get a good education and a good job. However, they have little prospect for success and become very frustrated because they usually can only go to inferior schools and often find it impossible to adjust to present-day life. (10) _____. The most important problem American Indians have to tackle, many experts believe, is the restoring of their pride and self-confidence. And this is to be first and foremost if they are to change their destiny.Passage 13Most Americans have great (1) _____ and (2) _____. They prefer to discipline themselves rather than be disciplined by others. They pride themselves on their (3) _____, their right to make up their own minds. They are prepared to take the (4) _____, even when there is a risk in doing so. They have (5) _____ and do not give in easily. They will take any sort of job anywhere rather than be (6) _____. They do not care to be looked after by the government. The (7) _____ American changes his or her job nine or ten times during his or her working life.(8) _____. They are considered sentimental. When on ceremonial occasions they see a flag,or attend parades celebrating America's glorious past, tears may come to their eyes. Reunions with family and friends tend to be emotional, too. They like to dress correctly, even if "correctly" means flamboyantly. They love to boast, though often with tongue in cheek. (9) _____. They have a wide knowledge of everyday things, and a keen interest in their particular city and state. (10) _____.Passage 14It is only (1) _____ that every one of us may, at some point in life, be called upon to make a speech, but most of us will worry a great deal out of (2) _____ that we may not do a very good job. Well, here is some (3) _____ you will find useful should such an occasion (4) _____.So now you have to give a speech — and you are (5) _____ at the thought. You get nervous, so much so that you gnaw at your (6) _____. You stumble over your words, and you forget what you want to say, or you talk too long and you (7) _____ your audience.But cheer up! It really doesn't have to be that bad. Here are some simple steps that will take the pain out of your speech-making. (8) _____. Then ask yourself the purpose of your speech. Now let us suppose you have been asked to introduce the main speaker at a conference. It is all right to tell a joke or an anecdote if it is in good taste, and will not embarrass the speaker. And most important, be brief. If you are giving a lecture or explaining an idea, gather as many facts as you can on your subject. Spend plenty of time doing research. (9) _____. Never forget your audience. Don't talk over their heads, and don't talk down to them either. (10) _____. Make sure everyone in the room can hear you.To sum up, remember, be prepared, know your subject, your audience, and the occasion. If you just follow these simple rules, you will see that you don't have to be afraid to speak in public.Passage 15In China, it is taken for (1) _____ that everyone should marry, and every family should have children. Traditionally, children (2) _____ fortune and happiness for a family. A large population was (3) _____ as an asset for a nation. Not (4) _____, China's population reached more than a billion in the early 1980s, according to the 1982 census report.Since 1979, the birth control policy of one child per family has been in place. At the national level, the birth rate has been reduced to about 1.7 percent from 1979 to 1995, as (5) _____ with 3.4 percent in the early (6) _____. At the level of the (7) _____ family, the one-child policy has brought changes and challenges to families and parents.(8) _____. Nowadays, it is common for both parents to have full-time jobs. In a family that has two or more children, parents often juggle their time around to fit the schedules of their kids.(9) _____. With the ever rising living expenses and college tuition, parents who have only one child do not feel the economic pressure as much as those who have more than one child. The only child usually gets more attention and financial resources in the family.However, it is right here that the problem arises. As most "only children" are cuddled and coddled, they are often spoiled as "little emperors". Unlike their parents who used to contribute financially to their families' well-being and were self-reliant, they don't have direct experience with the struggle of life. (10) _____.Is your family (1) _____ in buying a dog? A dog can be a happy (2) _____ to your family, but if you choose the wrong kind of dog, the (3) _____ can cause you a lot of trouble. Families should sit down and (4) _____ discuss the problems (5) _____ before buying a dog. Even if the children in your family are the ones who want the dog, the parents are the ones who are really (6) _____ for seeing that the animal is (7) _____ cared for.If you don't know much about dogs, it is a good idea to go to the library or the ASPCA for books about various kinds of dogs, as well as books about how to train a puppy. In reading about the different breeds, you should know that a dog described as very alert may be too jumpy and bouncy. (8) _____. Dog breeds vary in popularity as the years go by. One of the most popular dogs these days is the German shepherd. (9) _____. The family should be warned that these dogs grow up to be very big, and may be too powerful for children to handle. If space is limited, a toy dog may be a good choice. (10) _____.Passage 17Now we all (1) _____ money in exchange for goods and (2) _____. We use money to buy clothes, food, (3) _____, books, cars and many other things we need or want. When we work, we usually get (4) _____ in paper currency.Most of the money (5) _____ today is made of metal, paper or plastics. But in (6) _____ times, people actually used various kinds of things as exchange (7) _____, such as knives, cloth, rice, gold and silver. In China, for instance, cloth and metals were used as money for thousands of years. (8) _____.Today everybody knows that the first metal coins were made in China. England used tin to make its first coins. Russia and some other countries used copper to make their money. Later, a number of countries began to make coins of gold and silver. (9) _____. As the metal money was inconvenient if you wanted to buy something expensive, paper currency came into existence, (10) _____.Passage 18One of the most (1) _____ of all studies is the study of words and their origins. Most languages are (2) _____ of several (3) _____ languages, and the words of a language can often be (4) _____ back through two or three (5) _____ languages to their origins. Again, a word from one language may (6) _____ into another language and (7) _____ a new meaning.The word "etiquette", which comes from French and originally meant a label or a sign, gradually changed its meaning after it passed into English. (8) _____.Another interesting thing is how the word "sandwich" was put into use for indicating the popular food. (9) _____. Sandwich was rich, but he liked to play cards for money. Very often he played for 24 hours a day without stopping to have his meals. He ordered his servants to bring him some meat and bread and he played while eating. (10) _____. People liked Sandwich's idea and began to eat bread and meat in this way too. From the name of the man came the word "sandwich" that we have today.As college students, each term they have to write some research paper. Now one of the most (1) _____ things about writing a research paper is giving proper (2) _____ for the students' (3) _____ of information. (4) _____ to do this is called plagiarism, which is a kind of (5) _____, or at least, an unauthorized borrowing of someone else's ideas.Sometimes (6) _____ students will plagiarize (7) _____, and then be surprised when the teacher won't accept their papers or gives them a failing grade.(8) _____. As you take notes on books and magazine articles about the topic you've selected, first try to assimilate the information thoroughly. Secondly, write it down in your own words. This is called paraphrasing. (9) _____. Most of your notes should probably be paraphrases.However, you may sometimes find something you wish to quote directly in your research paper. In this case, be sure that you copy the information precisely in your notes and place it in quotation marks. (10) _____. You can then use them properly and give the original author or authors proper credits.Passage 20Today this (1) _____ is about the English (2) _____ Emily Dickenson.(3) _____ with Walt Witman, whom we (4) _____ last week, I found Emily Dickenson greatly different. She seems, in fact, to have been the complete (5) _____ of Walt Whitman in her works. I would like to share (6) _____ with the (7) _____ some interesting facts about her life.Emily Dickenson was born in 1830 in Amherst, Massachusetts, barely a decade after Whitman. (8) _____. For the remaining thirty years of her life, she was seldom seen outside her home. In this respect she was quite unlike Whitman, who loved the great outdoors. (9) _____, notable "I Heard a Fly Buzz", and the poem we read for today "I Am Nobody". Although she showed some of her poems to her family, and sent some in her letters to her friends, only four were published in her lifetime. (10) _____. These poems have established her as a major poet, and several modern critics consider her the greatest woman poet in the English language.填空听写答案及原文Passage 1People have been working on the idea of the helicopters for more than four hundred years. About four hundred years ago, a man thought of a flying machine and (1) (drew) a picture of it. It was like a helicopter in some ways. But the people of that time did not know about the (2) (science) of flying. So the man's idea (3) (remained) a picture on a piece of paper for many years.About one (4) (century) ago, some men made (5) (models) of flying machines and the first airplanes were born. Since then (6) (aviation) has been making (7) (incredible) progress.In about 1930, some people made a big helicopter. (8) (It could carry more than one man, but it could not stay still in the air very long). Then some other people made another kind of helicopter, which carried only one man, but could fly for many hours.Today there are many kinds of helicopters, big and small. (9) (One of the newest helicopters is very light and easy to handle. It can be put in the back of a car). People in some places cannot always drive their cars to the airport to board a plane. Some of them have helicopters of their own, though they are not always rich people. They fly to the airport in their helicopter, get on a plane, and take off again.(10) (The helicopter is so useful that some day it may take the place of the car and the train and maybe many other means of transportation). Then people will go to work in their own helicopters just as they do in their cars today. Indeed, the helicopter is a great achievement of science.Major points:(8) It could carry several people, but couldn't stay long in the air.(9) The new helicopter is very light and simple and can be put into a car.(10) The helicopter is so useful that it may replace other means of transportation.Passage 2Martin Luther King, Jr. was born in Atlanta, Georgia, on (1) (January) 15,1929. He was a black (2) (clergyman), who devoted himself (3) (completely) to the struggle for equal rights for the black people and an end to segregation in the South of the United States. In (4) (1955), he organized a black boycott of the city buses in Montgomery, Alabama. The black people there had (5) (decided) that they would no longer ride in segregated buses. Led by King, they (6) (appealed) to the courts for support of their effort. The boycott against segregation lasted 381 days, and ended in (7) (victory) the next year.In the spring of 1963, he began to organize a march to Washington to persuade the U.S. government to back a mass Civil Rights Movement for black people. (8) (On August 28 that year, some 250 OO0 Americans of all races and faiths joined him and other civil rights leaders in an unprecedented demonstration of solidarity). From all over the country, citizens came to "march on Washington" in support of civil rights legislation. It was then that King delivered the most impressive speech of his career. (9) (Many of those present wept, deeply moved by these words that will forever be remembered by all freedom-loving people).In 1964, at the age of only 35, he was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize. (10) (But only four years later, on April 4, 1968, the day before another mass demonstration, he was shot and killed by an assassin).Major points:(8) On August 28 that year, he led a large demonstration with many Americans taking part in.(9) Many people were moved by what he said.(10) He was killed on April 4, 1968 before another demonstration.Passage 3One of the (1) (features) of large modern cities is the number of big department stores, most of which are to be found in or near the (2) (central) area. They're vast buildings many stories high, where you can buy almost anything you need, from a box of toothpicks to a suite of (3) (furniture). Most of them are very modern and are equipped with (4) (convenient) elevators and escalators, and have (5) (well-planned) lighting, air-conditioning and ventilation. You can spend hours (6) (wandering) around in one of these department stores, and you will probably lose your way while you are doing so, in spite of the many (7) (signs) pointing the way to the elevators and exits.If you have been in one of these stores so long that you feel hungry, you and your family will not need to leave the building, for nearly all the big stores have cafes, snack bars or restaurants in them. (8) (After a meal, you can inspect the goods on sale at your leisure, and you will not be forced to buy anything), though occasionally an assistant may ask you whether he or she can be of help to you.Another feature of Shanghai's shopping life is the chain-store, in which prices are lower than in the big store, and a wide variety of goods are offered — chiefly foodstuffs, household goods, clothing and stationery. (9) (The goods are displayed on open shelves and counters, and it is a regrettable fact that some shoplifting goes on sometimes), in spite of the vigilance of the store security guards.A lot of the food stores in Shanghai now operate on the "serve yourself" system: (10) (you go in, pick up a basket or a cart, walk round the shop and choose what you need). At the exit there are a number of counters where you pay for all your purchases together.Major points:(8) After a meal, you can look at the goods without having to buy them.(9) The goods are accessible to customers, so sometimes are stolen.(10) You can choose whatever you want in it.Passage 4In the United States the cost of living has been (1) (steadily) rising for the past few (2) (decades). Food prices, clothing costs, housing (3) (expenses), and tuition fees are constantly getting higher and higher. Partly because of (4) (financial) need, and partly because of (5) (career) choices for personal fulfillment, mothers have been leaving the (6) (traditional) role of full-time。

英语专业四级评分标准

英语专业四级评分标准总括听写15分听力30题15分,0.5分一个完型20题10分,0.5分一个单选30题15分,0.5分一个阅读20题20分，1分一个作文15分便条10分听写评分原则1.听写共分15小节，每节1分，扣分一律写在试卷右边的空白处。

大错误下面画线。

小错误用圆圈表示，重复错误用三角记号表示。

2.每节最多扣1分。

3.重复错误，仅扣一次分。

4.错误共分两类：小错误（minor mistakes）和大错误（major mistakes），分别扣0.25分和0.5分。

A.小错误：1）单词拼写错一到两个字母。

例：steadily → staedily；harbor → habor 两个字母以下的词、次序颠倒算小错。

2）标点符号错误（含大小写）。

例：World War I → world war one, and then adopted → . And then adopeted3)冠词、单复数错误。

例：until the beginning → until beginning; parent → parents 4）小错误扣分标准：小错误在一节中出现一次，留作总计；出现两次：扣0.5分；出现三次：扣0.5分后留作总计；出现四次：扣1分。

5）未扣分小错误的扣分标准：累计2 ~ 4 个：扣0.5分累计5 ~ 8 个：扣1分。

B. 大错误：漏写、加词、造词、换词（冠词作小错计）、大移位、时态错误，每个错误扣0.5分。

例：loved → love；task —test； trip —trap； flee —flea；have finished — finsh（ed）5. 一些特例的扣分标准：下列情况不扣分：World War I → World War One race car → racecar well-balanced → well balanced90 percent → 90%6. 总分只有0.5分时，以1分计算；其余总分中如含小数点的，小数舍去，保留整数，如12.5 → 12；7.5 → 77. 空白卷一律打0分2011年TEM 4专业四级考试题型卷别序号题号各部分名称题型题数考试时间（分钟）I听写主观题 1 15II1-30听力理解15A对话客观题10B陈述客观题10C新闻客观题10III31-5完型填空客观题20 15IV 51-8语法及词汇客观题30 15V 81-100阅读理解客观题20 25VI 写作A作文主观题 1 35 B写便条主观题 1 10合计130 2010年TEM4专业四级评分要求听写(a)要求学生在全面理解内容的基础上逐字逐句写出全篇短文。

专四听写30篇

专四听写30篇专四听写30篇Dictation1Superstition迷信（144words）One person in four in Britain is,apparently,superstitious,/and they’ll do everything from hanging horseshoes over their fireplace to crossing their fingers,/touching wood and absolutely never walking under a ladder./And they’re careful about cats./Black cats are supposed to be the familiars of witches,/so if one is following you it’s definitely bad luck—a witch is after you!/ On the other hand,if one crosses your path and continues/then it’s good luck because it hasn’t noticed you./However,in some places the beliefs are different/—so it pays to know where your black cat comes from!/Old superstitions linger even in today’s modern world./The author Philip Pullman drew on them/in his award winning novel“His Dark Materials”./The novel,which appeals to both children and adults,/has been adapted for radio and also the theatre./Dictation2Graduate Student研究生（157words）Graduate students specialize in a particular field of study./They study to become experts in this field/and to learn new advances in their fields while they earn an M.A.or Ph.D./Sometimes when they get an M.A.in one field they begin studying another field./They hope that when they earn their graduate degrees/they will succeed in finding important jobs./They hope to get jobs that are interesting and high paying./The life of a graduate student is often difficult./They are usually too busy studying to make a good living./Often they have to pay high tuition fees for their education./Some give upstudying before they get their degrees./But most keep on working at their studies until they graduate./In today’s world,most graduate students don’t regret spending time with their studies./They are finding that new developments are occurring in all fields./For many graduate study has become a necessity./Dictation3April Fool’s Day愚人节（157words）1st April is a day to be careful,or you could easily get tricked by someone./It’s April Fool’s Day,a day when people traditionally like to try/to make a fool of someone else and laugh at them./ There are lots of theories surrounding the origins of the day,/but one explanation is connected with the change in the calendar in the16th century,/which meant that1st April was no longer the beginning of the year./Those who still celebrated the New Year on1st April were called fools./ So what kind of pranks do people play on April Fool’s Day?/Well,there are lots of simple tricks/that you can play on your friends./For example,you could wear a black sweater/and pull a piece of white thread through it,/so that people try to pull it off./You could change the time on someone’s alarm clock/so that they’re late for work./ Dictation4Living Online网上生活（159words）How do you meet new people,make new friends,or find out about the latest bands?/Here in the UK young people have traditionally done their socializing in bars,pubs and clubs./ However,there is a new generation growing up/that finds it easier to manage their social liveson the net,/using free websites like MySpace,Bebo or MSN Spaces./Welcome to the social networking website/—a place where you can present yourself to the digital community and meetother like-minded people./The most successful social networking website in the UK is /doc/ec12483279.html,./As of July2006, MySpace is the world’s fourth most popular English-language website,/attracting almost3million visitors per month./MySpace claims to have95million members/with500,000new members joining the community each week./So how has it become so successful?/Perhaps its secret is in its simplicity./Each new member can build their own page simply—uploading photos,videos and MP3files./Dictation5Mother’s Day母亲节（160words）Does your mother know how much you appreciate her?/Well,Mother’s Day is the time to show her./It’s a chance to say‘thank you’,or to tell your mum how much you love her./ In Britain,Mother’s Day,or Mothering Sunday,/falls on a different day each year,/because it takes place a few weeks before the festival of Easter./But it is always in the early springtime, which seems appropriate,/as the season when new plants emerge,/and baby birds and animals are born./In the USA,Mother’s Day takes place a little later,in May,/and many other countries also celebrate their mothers on different days of the year./It began many years ago,when children,/especially girls,as young as10would live and work away from home/as housemaids and other types of servant./Mothering Sunday was a day when everyone was allowed to go to their home village or town,and visit their mothers./Dictation6Online Shopping网上购物（159words）With only two weeks to go before Christmas,/buying presents is a high priority for a lot of people./However,this yearnot so many people are leaving their homes to browse around the shops./These days lots of people can do their shopping/in the comfort of their own home with the help of the internet./ Online shopping is becoming more and more popular for a number of reason s;/prices are often lower online,/you don’t have to queue up in busy shops/and you can buy almost any product imaginable/with just a few clicks of your mouse./ Computer trends are often male-dominated/but this year women are expected to do more shopping on the internet than men./It seems women are now more attracted to the convenience of online shopping than they used to be./ Average spending online this Christmas by women will rise to￡240/compared to the slightly lower average of￡233for men./Dictation7Reality TV真实电视（155words）The latest fashion on British TV is Reality TV./Reality TV means that shows follow and film ordinary people in an artificial situation./This could be at work,or in some kind of competition./ One of the first and most popular Reality TV shows is Big Brother./In this show,15complete strangers have to live together in a house for11weeks./They are filmed24hours a day,/and shown on television./Each week,the viewers vote to evict one of the housemates./Finally,onlyone is left,/and they win the prize money!/The show was an instant hit,and runs in several countries./The housemates often become stars as a result of the show,/and appear in national newspapers and on other shows./ Another very popular show is I’m a Celebrity—Get Me Out Of Here!/In this show,10 celebrities have to complete tasks each week,such as eating insects./Dictation8School学校（160words）September is traditionally the end of summer/and the beginning of autumn in the UK./It is also the month when children go back to school after their long summer holidays./ There are two types of school in England./State-run schools are paid for by the government, so are free to attend./Independent Schools are private,which means you have to pay to attend./ The school day usually starts at9in the morning and finishes around4,/with breaks for lunch of course!/In many schools,you have to wear a uniform too./Children start school when they are5years old./This is called primary school,/and lasts until the child is11when he or she will go on to senior school./Secondary school is compulsory from11until16years of age./At16,students take national examinations called GCSE’s./After this,students can stay at school for another2years and take A Level examinations./Dictation9The Modern Family现代家庭（154words）Father leaves for work in the morning after breakfast./The two children take the bus to school, /and mother stays home cooking and cleaning/until father and the kids return home in the evening. /This is the traditional picture of a happy family living in Britain./The past20years have seen enormous changes in the lives and structure of families in Britain./ The biggest change has been caused by divorce./As many as2out of3marriages now end in divorce,/leading to a situation where many children live with one parent/and only see the other at weekends or holidays./ There has also been a huge rise in the number of women with children who work./The large rise in divorces hasmeant/many women need to work to support themselves and their children./ Even when there is no divorce,/many families need both parents to work in order to survive./Dictation10Mid-Autumn Festival中秋节（146words）On25th September this year,people all over China/will be getting together to eat with their families,/look at the moon and celebrate one of the biggest festivals in the Chinese lunar calendar./ However,the celebrations stretch far beyond the borders of China./Here in the UK events are taking place for Chinese people living here,/and to teach the people of Britain more about this popular festival./The Soho Theatre in London conducted a study/which showed that Chinese Londoners don’t engage much with the arts world./As a result,‘Moon walking In China’has been created to celebrate the Mid-Autumn Festival./This is no normal theatre production though,/as it doesn’t take place in the theatre./Theatre professionals and volunteers from the local community/will take audiences around the streets ofSoho/on a magical lantern-lit walk/through the landmarks and backstreets of Chinatown./Dictation11The Dragon龙（160words）When many people in the west think of China,/the animal that they think of is the dragon./ For them,the dragon is an aggressive monster that breathes fire./Many popular legends tell of how dragons killed brave knights and ate beautiful maidens./ For Chinese people however,the dragon is not an evil monster./It’s a cultural and spiritual symbol for prosperity and good luck./The dragon’s main task is to create harmony and bring rain./ Dragons are celebrated in art and architecture,/andof course the dragon dance is a very popular ritual./Millions of Chinese have the word‘long’,meaning dragon,as part of their name./ China isn’t the only country to have the dragon as its symbol./Wales,one of the four countries in the UK,/has a red dragon proudly displayed on its flag./The only other country in the world with a dragon on its flag is Bhutan,/the tiny country between China and India./Dictation12Rainy Britain阴雨的英国（153words）Britain is famous around the world for its rainy weather,/but many parts of the country this June/are experiencing much more rain than they have ever seen before./Torrential downpours have caused rivers to burst their banks,/roads have been closed and many people have been evacuated/from their homes because of the floods./The worst hit area seems to be the north of England./There have even been fatalities as people got stuck in the rain/or were washed away by the floodwaters./Flood warnings have been issued in many parts of the UK/and it is said that over a month’s worth o f rain has fallen in just the last couple of days./The rain has also caused chaos at some of Britain’s famous June events./The Glastonbury festival is a four-day-long outdoor music festival/and while it is traditionally quite rainy and muddy there,/this year was particularly bad./Dictation13Christmas Traditions圣诞节传统（145words）There are many ways to celebrate Christmas,/and some British people like to go on holiday,/ go out for lunch to a restaurant,or spend the day with friends./But most people’s idea of a traditional Christmas/involves spending a few days with their family/—sometimes their extended family./The day is the most exciting for the children./They may have spent weeks or even months dreaming of the presents they want most./Since the beginning of December,they may have opened their advent calendars,/finding a new festive picture,chocolate,or small gift,/to count down each day until25th December./ On Christmas Eve,they hang up stockings,/ready to be filled with presents by Santa Claus./ Often a thank you gift of a mince pie and a glass of sherry will be left,/as well as a carrot for those hungry reindeer./Dictation14Olympic Slogan奥运口号（140words）Beijing unveiled the slogan for the2008Olympics as far back as2005./“One World,OneDream”was finally sel ected/from more than210,000entries from around the world./ Beijing’s original bid to host the2008games/had a different slogan“New Beijing,Great Olympics”./The organizers felt the new slogan shifted the focus nicely/from the city of Beijing itself to the spirit of the Olympics/—unity,friendship amongst nations and progress./ It was also felt that the“One World,One Dream”slogan/captured the traditional Chinese values of peace and harmony./ The Olympics hasn’t always had a slogan attached to each host country./In fact it wasn’t until 1988at the Seoul Olympics in South Korea/that the first slogan appeared./“Harmony and Progress”was chosen/and it seems to have been a popular theme over the years./Dictation15Sunbed太阳床（159words）In the UK,a country known for its bad weather and lack of sunshine,/there appears to be an ever increasing number of very tanned young people./So just how are they achieving their golden tans?/Some areopting for the sun-free option/ and are getting their tan from a bottle./However,it appears that others are turning to tanning salons, /of which there are thousands in the UK./While in China young people often prefer to remain fair,/in the UK there seems to be a growing desire for tanned skin./So why do the British prefer to be bronzed?/Often,they are trying to emulate their favorite celebrities,footballers,or footballers’wives./Research from the British Sunbed Association suggests that/many people believe a tan makes them feel and look healthier./This is a belief that is most definitely not shared by Cancer Research UK./They firmly state that being tanned is not a sign of health./Dictation16Speechwriting写演讲稿（143words）The success of a speech is often attributed to the skill of the speaker,/with merit being given to speakers who are confident,articulate,/knowledgeable and able to deliver a speech with conviction./But often it is not the speakers who write these moving speeches,/it is a speechwriter./And one industry in which this practice is common is that of politics./So what does it take to be a political speechwriter?/Well according to a recent job advertisement from the US Embassy in Britain,/a political speechwriter needs to have exceptional interpersonal skills,/be detail oriented and able to demonstrate a deep knowledge of their subject./They must also work closely with speakers/and be able to relate to their style./ Some believe that the best speechwriters have an inherent talent,/a natural creative instinct,/ and that speechwriting is an art form./Dictation17A Walk in the Park在公园散步（141words）Exercising in natural areas is not only good for your physical health/—it can improve your mood/and sense of well-being in as little as five minutes./So says research in the journal Environmental Health and Technology./Exercise alone is known to make you happier./So is being in a natural setting./So scientists wanted to see the effect of combining the two./They evaluated10different UK studies involving more than1,200people./Participants had taken part in activities such as gardening,/sailing and country walks,and rated their mood and self-esteem./The research showed that both areas get a significant boost/with as little as five minutes of outdoor exercise./And people with mental disorders benefited the most./The study authors say this is the first study/to quantify the amount of time needed to get a positive effect./Dictation18Fast Food Makes Us Less Patient快餐使我们失去耐性（146words）Fast food is a multibillion-dollar industry,/and for some of us,drive-through dinner has become a way of life./Granted,sometimes we grab something quick because we really don’t have time./But psychologists got to wondering/whether all this speed eating might actually make us less patient./In a series of experiments,the scientists showed volunteers logos/from several fast-food chains or asked them to recall the last time they’d visited./And they found that folks who had thought about fast food would then read faster,/even though no one told them to hurry./And they also expressed a preference for time-saving products,/like shampoo plus conditioner./And theytended to opt for immediate rewards,/like getting a small cash payment right away/rather than waiting a week for a larger sum./So if you want to ease the pace,forget meditation.Try a slow cooker./Dictation19Light All Night Not Alright整夜开灯并非好事（159words）A nightlight may keep those monsters under the bed./But it may also open the door to the blues./If you have access to electricity,you no doubt switch on a lamp,/maybe even watch a little TV,after the sun goes down./But our bodies use cues about lightness and dark to regulate our hormones/and of course our sleep cycles./So what might these extra photons be doing to our health?/To find out,scientists housed mice in a room/where the lights were always on./After three weeks,they found that mice who lived in the spotlight showed symptoms of depression,/more so than mice who enjoyed eight hours of darkness at night./Interestingly,mice who could escape the light by ducking into a dark tube/also escaped the worst of the depression./ So flip that light switch at your own risk./Because the artificial brightness that helps keep us up could also bring us down./Dictation20London2012Olympic Games伦敦2012奥运会（154words）After a hard-fought campaign,/London has been awarded the right to host the2012Olympic Games./The UK capital saw off competition from four rival cities:/Paris,Madrid,Moscow and New York./Londoners can now look forward to the transformation of their city/in the same way as their counterparts in Beijing./Indeed,there are many similarities in the twocities’approach to hostingthe games./Both cities need to invest in developing their infrastructure/in order to cope with the demands of the event./ However,this kind of investment is far from cheap/—it is estimated that it will cost around $40billion to prepare for the2008games,/much of which will be spent on transport links./ Nevertheless,the benefits of becoming an Olympic city can be enormous/—Barcelona,which hosted the1992games,/was completely regenerated and has since become one of the most popular tourist destinations in the world./Dictation21Picnic野餐（155words）As summertime begins in Britain,people start to feel the urge to go outside to eat./People love to have a picnic whenever the weather is good enough,/especial ly people with children./It’s a great way to spend a sunny afternoon./Even in the centre of London,on a sunny day,/the parks are full of office workers eating their lunch outside on the grass./That might be a pretty basic picnic/—a shop-bought sandwich and a bottle of water./But if people are planning a picnic on the beach or at the park,/they would probably pack a cool bag/with a whole variety of home-made sandwiches,snacks,cake,fruit and soft drinks./ They might have a picnic rug to sit on,and paper plates and cups./ University students enjoy having picnics,/and usually take along some kind of sports equipment,/such as a ball in order to burn off some energy after lunch./Dictation22Changing Name after Marriage婚后改名（155words）Getting married is one of the most important decisions that a person takes in one’s life./This is because it is a step that hasthe potential to alter or change one’s life altogether./Right from the wedding dress to the house/that the couple will live after their wedding,/is decided with utmost care./An important decision that the person has to make along with the other arrangements for the wedding/is to choose between one’s maiden name and spouse’s name./Though traditionally, women are expected to change their name/from their maiden name to their husband’s name,/ many women nowadays opt to keep their maiden name after marriage,/mostly for professional reasons./Apart from this,there are women who adopt their husband’s last name/and keep their maiden name as their second name./Also,there are couples who make a new name with both their names,/by separating the names with a hyphen./ Dictation23The Compass指南针（153words）A magnetic compass is a device that has been used for centuries now,/and its utility in helping people find their way is undoubted./Before technology gave us the privilege of GPS navigation systems,/the act of finding out where you are and which side is north/was carried out simply with the help of a compass./We’ve all seen a compass at some point or the other,/and this has alm ost always led us to the question“How does a compass work?”/The answer to this question can be explained/through the concept of the earth’s electromagnetism./Simply speaking,a compass is basically a small magnet/that has a needle attached on one end. /The other end of the magnet is attached to a freely moving pin./When the compass is held out steadily,/the magnet becomes parallel with the magnetic field of the Earth,/and this causes it to point north./Dictation24Ball Games球类运动（157words）Ball games have become an integral part of modern society./They give us entertainment providing us a means to safely free ourselves from stress./There are many different ball games that can do this for us./Some people enjoy football,while others like basketball./These two ball games are the most popular in China./Other games such as baseball are growing in appeal,yet have not become popular./The development of these games is interesting./Basketball is one of the few sports with a known date of birth./Football,or soccer,originally developed from traits found in both China and Europe./It has grown to become the world’s most popular sport./In Europe, football clubs have been established,/which in turn has been copied in the rest of the world./ These football clubs train players/who may later go to play for their nations in the World Cup./ This is the most watched ballgame championship on the planet./Dictation25Water Sports水上运动（145words）The history of man’s involvement with water sports/stretches back before history was written down./It is a history of the development of technology as well as human physical achievement./ Man first took to water in boats that sailed around the world/with nothing but the stars to guide them./The seas and rivers were a mystery to be feared,/for lurked unknown creatures and death by drowning./Few actually ventured into the water./As a sport,however,water sports such as swimming,diving,/and water polo are new comparatively to those on land./Probably the oldest one is rowing in a rowboat./This is seen in modern games such as competitions/between rowing clubs in British and American universities./Olympic Water Sports began with swimming but did not end there./The different kinds of water sports such as divingor water skiing came later./Dictation26Famous Universities名校（140words）Many countries have excellent universities./There are,however,few world famous ones./ These universities have achieved their fame/through a combination of both their age/and the high levels of quality in their instruction./Throughout their histories,/each one has been a testing ground for the leadership of the nation./In the United States,Harvard and Yale attract thousands of foreign students/who would use what they learn for the advancement of their own nations./In this way,these schools have developed an interesting method of international communication./ Graduates around the world are able to connect with each other/by having graduated from one of the finest universities in the world./Leaders in every field,whether government officials or ground-breaking scientists,/who graduated from the same school have a direct link to each other/ and understand each other much better./Dictation27Ideal Life理想人生（157words）The ideal life is one that many people would like to pursue,yet few achieve./The balance between dreams and reality is one that is difficult to overcome./Many people choose a vocation in the hopes/that it would bring them wealth and success./However,after years of labor in theirchosen field,they begin to hate their jobs./This is mainly because they have neglected other parts of their lives in search of this success./These people devote their lives to working/and are unable to separate themselves from their work./They find that it may not be enough./Some have jobs where their principles and emotional health/are challenged by dishonesty or bad workenvironments./These people can begin to become influenced by the environment in which they work,/leading to personal or health problems./This choice is not a permanent situation,however, /as many people have chosen to change the values of their lives./Dictation28Reeducation and Employment再教育和就业（160words）During the course of our lives,we must make many choices that we may come to regret./This is especially true when choosing a career./Jobs that sound exciting or rewarding become dull or not worth it/as we live our daily existence./This is where reeducation can help./Occupational schools have been set up to train people in jobs/that they may be better suited for./People can adapt their interests and talents through selected courses./They can learn cooking skills,which are always in great demand./Gardening is an option for those who enjoy the outdoors or have a green thumb./If a person is interested in motors or cars,they can get training as a mechanic./Even more, the learning of a foreign language/would allow them the opening of a dream life./The job qualification certificates they earn can also be used too enhance their resumes,/so that they are trained in a variety of skills./Dictation29Made in China中国制造（160words）The label,Made in China,is one that is becoming increasing common/in shopping centers all over the world./In the United States,shoppers at Wal-Mart the nation’s largest retailer/have a wide selection of products mostly produced in China./The large amount of Chinese imports have created a large selection of goods in other countries/as people begin to buy more and more products made in China./These goods are even readily availablein other Asian nations,/where Chinese-made goods are quite popular./Chinese brand names are also becoming more well-known outside of China./The development of China has amazed the world with its growth./And also,as China is a developing economy with large amounts of labor,/industries are beginning to relocate in an effort to minimize costs and increase profits./The results of these relocations are that/nations are beginning to try to limit the flow of Chinese goods/with the use of taxes and import restrictions./Dictation30Glaciers冰川（153words）Glaciers are formed in places where the temperatures are extremely cold./This could even include places that are at sea level,/but are mostly places that are high up on mountains./ In such cold places it snows most of the year./This snow will settle down and when it snows again/the lower layer of snow gets compressed./Every time it snows,the below layers will compress more,/finally turning into hard ice./This ice is what forms the glacier./ When the temperature rises slightly,/the outer edges of the formed glacier and fresh snow will melt./For a glacier to form and sustain itself it is of prime importance/that the amount of snow that falls on it must be more than the amount of glacier that has melted./This is the only way in which the glacier will be able to maintain itself/and keep increasing in size year after year./。

success听写专四原文

success听写专四原文一、试题：PART ⅠDICTATION[10 MIN]Listen to the following passage. Altogether the passage will be read to you four times. During the first reading, which will be done at normal speed, listen and try to understand the meaning. For the second and third reading, the passage will be read sentence by sentence, or phrase by phrase, with intervals of 15 seconds. The last reading will be done at normal speed again and during this time you should check your work.Youwill then be given ONE minute to check through your work once more.Please write the whole passage on ANSWER SHEET ONE.PART ⅡLISTENING COMPERHESION[20 MIN] SECTION A TALKIn this section you will hear a talk.Youwill hear the talk ONCEONLY.While listening, you may look at the task on ANSWER SHEET ONE and write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each gap.Make sure what you fill in is both grammatically and semantically acceptable.Youmay each gap. Make sure what you fill in is both grammatically and semantically acceptable.Youmay use the blank sheet for note-taking.You have THIRTY seconds to preview the gap-filling task.Now listen to the talk. When it is over, you will be given TWO minutes to check your work.SECTION BCONVERSATINSIn this section you will hear two conversations. At the end of each conversation, five questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversations and the questions will be spoken ONCEONLY.After each question there will be a ten-second pause. During the pause, you should read the four choices of [A], [B], [C] and [D], and mark the best answer to each question on ANSWER SHEET TWO.You have THIRTY seconds to preview the choices. Now, listen to the conversations.Conversation OneQuestions 1 to 5 are based on Conversation One.1. [A] Many foreign languages are spoken in Britain.[B] Everyone in Britain can speak a foreign language.[C] The British are unable to speak a foreign language.[D] The British can survive on their mother tongue.2. [A] Chinese.[B] Polish.[C] Punjabi.[D] Urdu.3. [A] To help improve international trade.[B] To allow a speaker to hold a simple talk.[C] To improve the education system.[D] To encourage learning another language.4. [A] It gives you self-satisfaction.[B] It makes you more confident.[C] It you an advantage.[D] It makes you work hard.5. [A] Workmates.[B] Schoolmates.[C] Teacher and student.[D] Brother and sister.Conversation TwoQuestions 6 to 10 are based on Conversation Two.6. [A] An unreasonable fear.[B] A dangerous event.[C] A small probability.[D] A risk-assessing ability.7. [A] One in one million.[B] One in four million.[C] One in fourteen million.[D] One in forty million.8. [A] Future events.[B] Catastrophic events.[C] Small-scale disasters.[D] Smoking hazards.9. [A] Traveling by air.[B] Riding a bicycle.[C] Catching bird flu.[D] Smoking cigarettes.10. [A] They get pleasure from risks.[B] They can control potential risks.[C] They can assess danger from risks.[D] They have strong needs for risks.二、听力原文：PART I DICTATIONEmotional Reaction to MusicNo matter who you are, where you live, / or what your cultural background is, / people get some pleasure from listening to their favorite music. / However, some people are simply not capable of enjoying music. / This is not because they can’t experience pleasure at all. / They don’t have trouble hearing music properly, either. / Instead, they’re just indifferent to music. / Researchers have conducted studies to find out / why some people have no emotional reaction to music. / However, despite their efforts, the mystery remains.演讲原文：The Linguistic Gift of BabiesGood morning, everyone. In today's lecture, I'm going to talk about something you can't see. That is, what's going on in the little brain of a baby.For example, how babies learn a language.It is always a question people show great interest in.Babies and children are geniuses until they turn seven, and then there's a systematic decline.Work in my lab is focused on the first critical period in development, and that is the period in which babies try to master which sounds are used in their language.We think, by studying how the sounds are learned, we'll have a model for the rest of language, and perhaps for critical periods that may exist in childhood for social, emotional and cognitive development.So we've been studying the babies by conducting an experiment.During our experiment, the baby, usually a six-monther, sits on a parent's lap, and we train them to turn their heads when a sound changes—like from "ah" to "ee".If they do so at the appropriate time, the black box lights up and a panda bear pounds a drum. What have we learned?Well, babies all over the world are what I like to describe as "citizensof the world".They can discriminate all the sounds of all languages, no matter what country we're testing and what language we're using, and that's remarkable because you know, I can't do that.We're culture-bound listeners.We can discriminate the sounds of our own language, but not those of foreign languages.So the question arises: When do those citizens of the world turn into the language-bound listeners that we are?And the answer: before their first birthdays.What you see here is performance on that head-turn task for babies tested in Tokyo and the United States, here in Seattle, as they listened to the "ra" and "la" —sounds important to English, but not to Japanese.So at six to eight months, the babies are totally equivalent.Two months later, something, something incredible occurs.The babies in the United States are getting a lot better while babies in Japan are getting a lot worse.So the question is: What's happening during this critical two-month period?We know this is the critical period for sound development, but what's going on up there?Maybe there are two things going on.The first is that the babies are listening intently to us, and they're taking statistics as they listen to us talk—they're taking statistics.That is to say, the two babies listen to their own mother speaking motherese—the universal language we use when we talk to kids.During the production of speech, when babies listen, what they're doing is taking statistics, that is, sound distribution on the language that they hear.And those sound distributions grow and babies absorb more.And what we've learned is that babies are sensitive to the statistics, and the statistics of Japanese and English are very, very different.I mean, the sound distribution of both languages is different.So babies absorb the statistics of the language and it changes their brains;it changes them from the citizens of the world to the culture-bound listeners that we are because we as adults are no longer absorbing those statistics.In this case, of course, we're arguing that the learning of language material may slow down when our distribution stabilizes.OK. Today, we just talked about a recent project on babies' language development.In our next lecture, we will concentrate on bilingual people, howbilinguals keep two sets of statistics in mind at once.对话原文1：Conversation OneQuestions 1 to 5 are based on Conversation One.W: Hi, Bob. You speak very good Chinese.M: Not really, Mary. I just know a little. Actually, not being able to speak a foreign language is a bit of a British trait or a particularly British characteristic.The British are generally considered to be lazy linguists. We just don't bother to learn another language.W: I guess the main reason is that when you travel around the world, you find that English is spoken almost everywhere.M: Yes, yes. We get by. We survive on just using our mother language.W: But you seem to love learning languages a lot. How many foreign languages can you speak?M: Not that many. A bit of German, some French, Polish a little, Chinese of course, a bit of Japanese. That's about it.W: I'm impressed. Well, what is the second most-spoken language in England? Is it Chinese?M: No, I don't think so.W: Then, that must be French.M: No. According to the recent census, 104 different languages are spoken in the UK and Polish is the second most spoken language, followed by Punjabi and Urdu.W: Then, do you have to learn a foreign language in school?M: No, it's not compulsory. But recently a campaign was launched to encourage everyone in the UK to learn at least 1,000 words of another language. It hopes to help Britain increase international trade.W: 1,000 words?M: Yes. It's called the 1,000 Words Campaign because it says a vocabulary of 1,000 words would allow a speaker to hold a simple conversation.W: That sounds like a good idea.M: Yes. It gives you self-satisfaction and self-esteem if you can speak another language when you're travelling. And I think it also gives you an edge in a lot of different areas in the workplace.You feel good about learning a new skill and you feel good about yourself, and it boosts your confidence. Imagine going on a holiday to Spain and being able to speak to the locals.W: Of course it does make one feel good.M: And there are also the economic benefits of speaking another language. It gives you an advantage, especially if you are dealing with foreign companies.W: Yes. It also shows politeness and respect for other people by showing you have made an effort.M: You're right. Mm, I'm afraid I must get going now. I'll have my Chinese class at 10 o'clock.W: Oh, I have a class at 10 as well. OK, see you later.M: See you.Questions 1 to 5 are based on Conversation One.1. According to the man, what is a British characteristic?2. What is the second most-spoken language in the UK?3. Why was the 1,000 Words Campaign launched?4. According to the man, which is not considered an advantage of learning a foreign language?5. What's the most probable relationship between the man and the woman?对话原文2：Conversation TwoQuestions 6 to 10 are based on Conversation Two.W: Hello, and welcome to today's program. I'm Alice.M: And I'm Jack. Hello.W: Hello, Jack. You're off on holiday tomorrow, aren't you?M: I am and you know, and I'm dreading it. I hate flying!W: Do you? I didn't know you had a phobia—and that means a strong and unreasonable fear of something.M: Well, I don't think this is a phobia because it isn't unreasonable. Flying thousands of feet up in the sky, you know, that's not safe!W: Flying is safer than you think, Jack. It's much riskier to drive or cycle to work. And, actually, risk taking is the subject of today's show!Risk means the chances of something bad happening. For example, did you know that your chance of being knocked off your bicycle and killed during a one-mile journey is the same as your chances of winning the lottery?M: I didn't know that.W: Can you guess what are the chances of either of these two things happening?M: I have no idea. One in a million?W: No, it's one in 14 million. You are as likely to win the national lottery from a single ticket as you are to be knocked off your bicycle and killed during a one-mile journey.M: But why are we bad at assessing risk?W: People typically fear anything which is small probability but it's extremely catastrophic if it were to happen…Recently we have another increase in these birds' virus outbreaks. People read about that.And they may pay a lot of attention to that in the news but they may forget to get their flu shot.M: That's right. We tend to worry about big or catastrophic events such as catching bird flu or dying in a plane crash because we react emotionally to them.W: Yeah. Catastrophic events feel like very real threats, while we tend to forget about the small but chronic risks that become more likely over time.M: We do. So for example, what if there was a cigarette that killed you as soon as you smoked it?Nobody would do that, would they?W: No, they wouldn't.M: But plenty of people are happy to smoke for years, and put off worrying about the health risks for the future.W: Yes, that's a good point, Jack! People feel they are in control of risks that stretch over time. You know, they think, "I could stop tomorrow" or "I could smoke less".But what about people who really enjoy taking big risks—those thrill seekers out there?M: People who enjoy extreme sports actually seek out danger—it gives them extreme pleasure!If the risk is really high, it means that the pleasure needs to be equally high, or hopefully even higher—W: You're right.Questions 6 to 10 are based on Conversation Two.6. According to Alice, what is a phobia?7. What are the chances of getting knocked off one's bicycle and killed in a one-mile journey?8. What kind of event do people tend to worry about?9. Which may involve a chronic risk?10. Why do some people enjoy risks?三、答案：SECTION A TALK1. seven2. sounds3. cognitive4. a sound changes5. six-month-old6. discriminate the7. their first birthda8. totally equivalen9. incredible differe10. taking statisticsSECTION B CONVERSATIONSConversation One1. According to the man, what is a British characteristic?答案：C. The British are unable to speak a foreign language.2. What is the second most-spoken language in the UK?答案：B. Polish.3. Why was the 1,000 Words Campaign launched?答案：A. To help improve international trade.4.According to the man, which is not considered an advantage of learning a foreign language?答案：D. It makes you work hard.5. What’s the most probable relationship between the man and the woman?答案：B. Schoolmates.Conversation Two6. According to Alice, what is a phobia?答案：A. An unreasonable fear.7. What are the chances of getting knocked off one’s bicycle and killed in a one-mile journey?答案：C. One in fourteen million.8. What kind of event do people tend to worry about?答案：B. Catastrophic events.9. Which may involve a chronic risk?答案：D. Smoking cigarettes.10. Why do some people enjoy risks?答案：A. They get pleasure from risks.。

高三英语听力复合式听写完形填空题30题

高三英语听力复合式听写完形填空题30题1In a small town, there is a beautiful park. People often go there to relax and enjoy the natural scenery. The park has a large lake, where ducks and swans swim gracefully. There are also many trees and flowers, making it a perfect place for picnics.On weekends, families and friends gather in the park. They bring food and drinks and spend the day chatting and having fun. Some people play games, while others take walks or read books under the trees.1. The park is a perfect place for ___.A. partiesB. picnicsC. concertsD. meetings答案：B。

文章中明确提到“making it a perfect place for picnics”，所以选picnics。

A 选项parties 在文中未提及；C 选项concerts 文中也没有相关内容；D 选项meetings 同样不符合文意。

2. People can see ___ swimming in the lake.A. fishB. ducksC. frogsD. turtles答案：B。

文中提到“The park has a large lake, where ducks and swans swim gracefully.”，所以选ducks。

英语专四听写50篇_文本

Passage 1 Town and Country Life in EnglandThere is a big difference between town life and country life in England. In the country, everybody knows everybody else. They know what time you get up, what time you go to bed and what you have for dinner. If you want help, you will always get it and you will be glad to help others. In a large town like London, however, it can sometimes happen that you have never seen your next door neighbor and you do not know his name or anything about him. People in London are often very lonely. This is because people go to different places in the evenings and at weekends. If you walk through the streets in the centre of London on Sunday, it is like a town without people. One is sorry for old people living on their own. They could die in their homes and would not be discovered for weeks or even months. Passage 2A Change in Women’s LifeThe important change in women’s life-pattern has only recently begun to have most girls its full effect on women’s economic position. Even a few years agoleft school at the first opportunity, and most of them took a full-time job. However, when they married, they usually left work at once and never returned to it. Today the school-leaving age is sixteen, many girls stay at school after that age, and though women tend to marry younger, more married women stay at work at least until shortly before their first child is born. Very many more afterwards return to full-time or part-time work. Such changes have led to a new relationship in marriage, with the husband accepting a greater share of the duties and satisfactions of family life and with both husband and wife sharing more equally in providing the money, and running the home, according to the abilities and interests of each of them. Useful Words and Expressions: 1. life-pattern生活方式生活方式2. sharePassage 3 A Popular Pastime of the English PeopleOne of the best means of understanding the people of any nation is watching what the do with their non-working time. Most English men, women and children love growing things, especially flowers. Visitors to England in spring, summer or autumn are likely to see gardens all they way along the railway lines. There are flowers at the airports and flowers in factory grounds, as well as in gardens along the roads. Each English town has at least one park with beautifully kept flower beds. Public buildings of every kind have brilliant window boxes and sometimes baskets of flowers are hanging on them. But what the English enjoy most is growing things themselves. If it is impossible to have a garden, then a window box or something growing in a pot will do. Looking at each other’s gardens is a popular pastime with the English. Useful Words and Expressions:1. window box:窗台上的花盆箱窗台上的花盆箱2.pastime 消遣，娱乐消遣，娱乐Swimming is my favorite pastime. Passage 4 British and American Police OfficersReal policemen, both in Britain and the U.S., hardly recognize any common —if they ever get home in points between their lives and what they se on TVtime. Some things are almost the same, of course, but the policemen do not think much of them much of them. The first difference is that a policeman’s real life deals with the law. Most of what he learns is the law. He has to know actually what actions are against the law and what facts can be used to prove them in court. He has to know nearly as much law as a lawyer, and what’s more, he has to put it into practice on his feet, in the dark and, running down a narrow street after someone he wants to talk to. Little of his time is spent in talking with beautiful girls or in bravely facing cruel criminals. He will spend most of his working life arranging millions of words on thousands of forms about hundreds of sad, ordinary people who are guilty--- or not of stupid, unimportant crimes. Useful Words and Expressions:1. think much of 重视，尊重重视，尊重2. in court 在法庭上在法庭上在法庭上3. criminal 罪犯，犯罪者罪犯，犯罪者4. guilty 犯罪的，有罪的犯罪的，有罪的Passage 5 Living SpaceHow much living space does a person need? What happens when his space needs are not met? Scientists are doing experiments on rats to try to determine the effects of overcrowded conditions on man. Recent studies have shown that the behavior of rats is greatly affected by space. If rats have enough living space, they eat well, sleep well and produce their young well. health change obviously. They can not sleep and eat well, and signs of fear But if their living conditions become too crowded, their behavior and even their and worry become clear. The more crowded they are, and more they tend to bite each other and even kill each other. Thus, for rats, populations and violence are directly related. Is this a natural law for human society as well? Is enough space not only satisfactory, but necessary for human survival? These are interesting questions. Passage 6 The United NationsIn 1945, representatives of 50 nations met to plan this organization. It was called the United Nations. After the war, many more nations joined. There are two major parts of the United Nations. One is called the General Assembly. In the General Assembly, every member nation is represented and has an equal vote. The second part is called the Security Council. It has representatives of just 15 nations. Five nations are permanent members: the United States, Russia, France, Britain, and China. The 10 other members are elected every two years by the General Assembly. The major job of the Security Council is to keep peace in the world. If necessary, it can send troops from member nations to try to stop little wars before they turn into big ones. It is hard to get the nations of the Security Council to agree on when this is necessary. But they did vote to try to stop wars. Useful Words and Expressions:1. representative 代表代表2. General Assembly 联合国大会联合国大会3. permanent 永久的，持久的永久的，持久的4. Security Council 联合国安全理事会联合国安全理事会Passage 7 PlasticWe use plastic wrap to protect our foods. We put our garbage in plastic bags or plastic cans. We sit on plastic chairs, play with plastic toys, drink from plastic cups, and wash our hair with shampoo from plastic bottles! Plastic does not grow in nature. It is made by mixing certain things together. We call it a produced or manufactured material. Plastic was first made in the 1860s from plants, such as wood and cotton. That plastic was soft and burned easily. The first modern plastics were made in the 1930s. Most clear plastic starts out as thick, black oil. That plastic coating inside a pan begins as natural gas. Over the years, hundreds of different plastics have been developed. Some are hard and strong. Some are soft and bendable. Some are clear. Some are many-colored. There is a plastic for almost every need. Scientists continue to experiment with plastics. They hope to find even ways to use them! Passage 8 Display of GoodsAre supermarkets designed to persuade us to buy more? Fresh fruit and vegetables are displayed near supermarket entrances. This gives the impression that only healthy food is sold in the shop. Basic foods that everyone buys, like sugar and tea, are not put near each other. They are kept in different aisles so customers are taken past other attractive foods before they find what they want. In this way, shoppers are encouraged to buy products that they do not really need. Sweets are often placed at children’s eye level at the checkout. While parents are waiting to pay, children reach for the sweets and put them in the trolley. More is bought from a fifteen-foot display of one type of product than from a ten-foot one. Customers also buy more when shelves are full than when they are half empty. They do not like to buy from shelves with few products on them because they feel there is something wrong with those products that are there. Useful Words and Expressions:1. aisle 走廊，过道走廊，过道2. trolley 手推车手推车3. checkout 收款台收款台Passage 9 Albert EinsteinAlbert Einstein was born in Germany in 1879, His father owned a factory that made electrical devices. His mother enjoyed music and books. His parents rve many of the religion’s rules. Albert was a were Jewish but they did not obsequite child who spent much of his time alone. He was slow to talk and had difficulty learning to read. When Albert was five years old, his father gave him a compass. The child was filled with wonder when he discovered that the —to be north. He asked compass needle always pointed in the same directionhis father and his uncle what caused the needle to move. Their answers about magnetism and gravity were difficult for the boy to understand. Yet he spent a lot of time thinking about them. He said later that he felt something hidden had to be behind things. Useful expressions and words:1. device 装置，设备装置，设备leave to one’s own devices 听任某人自行其是，允许某人按自己的意愿做事She left the child to her own devices for an hour in the afternoon. 她允许孩子在下午有一个小时的自由支配时间。

英语专业四级Dictation听写50篇-----word版25-50

Travel for WorkYou can see them in every airport in the world. They are businessmen and women who have to travel for their work.When they first applied for the job, they may have thought of good food and hotels, huge expense accounts and fashionable cities. Now they have to sit in airport lounges, tired and uncomfortable in their smart clothes, listening to the loudspeaker announce “The fight of Tokyo, or Berlin, or New York is delayed for another two hours.” Some people say to me, “How lucky you are to be able to travel abroad in your work! You can go sightseeing without paying any money by yourself!” They think that my job is like a continual holiday. It is not.There are advantages, of course, and I do thin I am lucky, but only because I can go to places I would never visit if I was a tourist.IntelligenceAre some people born clever, and others born stupid? Or is intelligence developed by our environment and our experience?Strangely enough, the answer to these questions is yes. To some extent our intelligence is given us at birth, and no amount of special education can make a genius out of a child born with low intelligence. On the other hand, a child who lives in a boring environment will develop his intelligence less than one who lives in rich and varied surroundings. Thus, the limits of a person’s intelligence are fixed at birth, whether or not he reaches those limits will depend on his environment. This view, held by most experts now, can be supported in a number of ways. As is easy to show that intelligence is to some extent something we are born with. The closer the blood relationship between two people is, the closer they are likely to be in intelligence.A Free Dress Every WeekThe temptation to steal is greater than ever before especially in large shops and people are not so honest as they once were.A detective recently watched a well-dressed woman who always went into a large store on Monday mornings. One Monday, there were fewer people in the shop than usual when the woman came in, so it was easier for the detective to watch her. The woman first bought a few small articles. After a little time, she chose one of the most expensive dresses in the shop and handed it to an assistant who wrapped it up for her as quickly as possible. The woman simply took the parcel and walked out of the shop without paying. When she was arrested, the detective found out that the shop assistant was her daughter. Believe it or not, the girl “gave” her mother a free dress every week!TimeTime is tangible. One can gain time, spend time, waste time, save time, or even kill time. Common questions in American English reveal this concrete quality as though time were a possession. “Do you have any time?”, “Can you get some time for this?”, “How much free time do you have?” The treatment of time as a possession influences the way that time is carefully divided.Generally, Americans are taught to do one thing at a time and may be uncomfortable when an activity is interrupted. In businesses, the careful scheduling of time and the separation of activities are common practices. Appointment calendars are printed with 15-,30-, and 60-minute time slots. The idea that “there is a time and place for everything” extends to American social life. Visitorswho drop by without prior notice may interrupt their host’s personal time. Thus, calling friends on the telephone before visiting them is generally preferred to visitors’ dropping by.Useful words and expressions:1.tangible 切实的2.kill time 消磨时间3.reveal 显示，揭示4.scheduling 行程安排5.slot 缝隙6.drop by 随便访问7.preferred 首选的CartoonistsIn a good cartoon, the artist can tell in a few lines as much as a writer can tell in half a dozen paragraphs. The cartoonist not only tells a story but he also tries to persuade the reader to his way of thinking. He has great influence on public opinion. In a political campaign, he plays an important part. Controversial issues in Congress or at meetings of the United Nations may keep the cartoonist well-supplied with current materials.A clever cartoonist may cause laughter because he often uses humor in his drawings. If he is sketching a famous person, he takes a prominent feature and exaggerates it. Cartoonists, for instance, like to lengthen an already long nose and to widen an already broad grin. This exaggeration of a person’s characteristics is called caricature. The artist uses such exaggeration to put his message across.Useful Words and Expressions:1.cartoonist 漫画家2.campaign 活动3.controversial 争论的，争议的4.sketch 素描5.prominent 卓越的6.exaggerate 夸张7.lengthen 延长8.grin 露齿笑Water PollutionWater is very important to us. Factories and plants need water for industrial uses and large pieces of farmland need it for irrigation. Without water to drink, people die in a short time.Today most water sources are so dirty that people must purify water before drinking. Water becomes dirty in many ways: industrial pollution is one of them. With the development of industry, plants and factories pour tons of industrial wasters into rivers every day. The rivers have become seriously polluted, and the water is becoming unfit for drinking or irrigation. The same thing has also happened to our seas and oceans. So, the problem of water pollution is almost worldwide.Scientists of many countries have done a lot of work to stop pollution. The polluted water in some places has become clean and drinkable again. Perhaps one day the people in all towns and cities will be drinking clean water. That day, we believe, is not very far off.Making a ComplaintComplaining about faulty goods or bad services is never easy. But if something you have brought is faulty or does not do what was claimed for it, you are not asking for a favor to get it put right.Complaints should be made to a responsible person. Go back to the shop where you bought the goods, taking with you any receipt you may have. In a small store the assistant may also be the owner so you can complain direct. In a chain store, ask the manager. If you telephone, ask the name of the person who handles your enquiry, otherwise you may never find out who dealt with the complaint later. If you do not want to do it in person, write a letter. Stick to the facts and keep a copy of what you write. At this stage you should give any receipt numbers, but you should not need to give receipts or other papers to prove you bought the article.Where Do the British LiveNearly everyone in Britain would like to own their own home and, whether they do or not, they are prepared to put time and money into decorating and furnishing it or even making structural alterations to it. Because of the climate and because of the expense involved in going out for the evening, the British spend a lot of time at home and a large part of their social life takes place there.Young people tend to stay with their families longer these days as accommodation is expensive but, when they move away to a job or college, there are various options open to them. They can get lodgings with a landlady. This means that they rent a room in someone’s house and have breakfast with the family. They can also get a bed-sitting room, that is to say one self-contained room in which they can cook, live and sleep. Alternatively, they can share a rented flat or house with a group of young people, perhaps the most popular option of all.Useful Words and Expressions:1.lodging 寄宿处2.bedsit 卧室兼起居室3.bed-sitting 卧室兼起居室的4.self-contained 设备齐全的Will Computers Replace Human Beings?We are in the computer age today. The computers are working all kinds of wonders now. They are very useful in automatic control and data processing. At the same time, computers are finding their way into the home. They seem to be so clever and can solve such complicated problems that some people think sooner or later they will replace us.But I do not think that there is such a possibility. My reason is very simple: computers are machines, not humans. And our tasks are far too various and complicated for any one single kind of machine to perform.Probably the greatest difference between man and computer is that the former can do things of his own while the latter can do nothing without being programmed. In my opinion, computers will remain nothing but an extension of our human brains, no matter how clever and complicated they may become.SoccerSoccer has had a slow start in America. In fact, the majority of schools still have no official soccer teams or coaches. But the blossoming popularity of the game cannot be denied. Thanks to the efforts of some world-famous soccer stars, soccer is soon to have its place in American culture.Although soccer has enjoyed decades of popularity elsewhere, it was literally ignored in America. Instead, a variation of the game called “football” was most popular in the U.S. and still is to this day. But the obvious advantages of playing soccer instead will soon win even the most avid football enthusiasts.For one thing, soccer is a much safer game to play than football. No one deliberately tries to knock an opponent down in soccer. In fact, they players are discouraged from even touching each other.Soccer is a game that requires skill and dexterity in controlling the ball. Since no one may use hands to do this, soccer players soon acquire incredible control of their heads, knees, and feet.Useful Words and Expresisons:1.slow start 缓慢起动2.blossom 兴旺，发展3.ignore 忽视4.avid 渴望的5.discourage from 劝阻6.dexterity 灵巧，机敏ArtistsEvery artist knows in his heart that he is saying something to the public. Not only does he want to say it well, but he wants it to be something which has not been said before.What visual artists, like painters, want to say is easy to make out but difficult to explain, because painters translate their experiences into shapes and colors, not words. They seem to feel that a certain selection of shapes and colors, out of the countless billions of possible, is exceptionally interesting for them and worth showing to us.Most artists take their shapes and colors from the world of nature and from human bodies in motion and response; their choices indicate that these aspects of the world are worth looking at, that they contain beautiful sights. Contemporary artists might say that they merely choose subjects that provide an interesting pattern, that there is nothing more in it. Yet even they do not choose entirely without reference to the character of their subjects.Useful words and Expressions:1.visual artist 视觉艺术家2.selection 挑选，选择3.exceptional 例外的，异常的4.motion 运动，动作5.indicate显示，象征6.contemporary 当代的，同时代的without reference to 不论，与……无关Professioanl Sports in the U.S.Professional sports are not only very popular in the United States, but also a big business. The most popular sports are baseball, football and basketball. Each sport has its own season and individual teams have millions of supporters. Professional teams are named for the cities where they are located. For example, the Lakers are in Los Angeles. The strongest supporters of the Lakers are residents of Los Angeles and Southern California. When the Lakers play, many people in Los Angeles enthusiastically follow the game. When we mention “NBA”, almost every one knows it ahs some relationship with U.S. professional basketball. However, what does it reallystand for? N.B.A is gaining new fans and supporters around the world. Basketball has been called the “national pastime”. However, football is the most popular professional sport in the U.S.. American football is different from international football, which Americans call “soccer”. Both games require strength and specialized skills.Useful Words and Expressions:1.be named for 被指定为2.be short for 是……的简称3.stand for代表“How to” BooksBooks which give instructions on how to do things are popular in the United States today. Thousands of these “how to” books are available. In fact, there are about for thousand books with titles that begin with the words “how to’.Many “how to” books give advice on careers. They tell you how to choose a career and how to succeed in it. Many of these books help people to use their free time better. Some people want book which will give them useful information about sports, hobbies and travel. Other people use their free time to make repairs and improvements on their homes. They prefer books which give step-by-step instructions on how to repair things like plumbing and electrical wiring or on how to redecorate or enlarge a house.Why have “how to”books become so popular? Probably because life has become more complex. Today people have far more free to use, more choices to make, and more problems to solve, “how to” books help people to deal with modern life.Useful words and Expressions:1.step-by-step 按部就班的2.redecorate 重新装饰，再装饰plex 复杂的，综合的Don’t give upIf we would ever accomplish anything in life, let us not forget that we must persevere. If we would learn our lessons in school, we must be diligent and not give up whenever we come to anything difficult. We shall find many of our lessons very hard, but let us consider that the harder they are the better they will do to us if we will preserve and learn them thoroughly.But there are some among us who are ready to give up when they come to a hard example in mathematics, and say, “I can’t do this.”They never will if they feel so. “I can’t”never does anything worthwhile, but “I’ll try” accomplishes wonders.Let us remember that we shall meet with difficulties all through life. They are in the pathway of everyone. If we will only try and keep trying, we shall be sure to conquer and overcome very difficulty we meet.How High Can You Jump?Fleas trainers have observed a strange habit of fleas while training them.Fleas are trained by putting them in a cardboard box with a top on it. The fleas will jump up and hit the top of the cardboard box over and over and over again. As you watch them jump and hit the lid, something very interesting becomes obvious. The fleas continue to jump, but they are no longer jumping high enough to hit the top.When you take off the lid, the fleas continue to jump, but they will not jump out of the box.They will not jump out because they cannot jump out. Why? The reason is simple. They have conditioned themselves to jump just so high. Once they have conditioned themselves to jump just so high. Once they have conditioned themselves to jump just so high, that is all they can do!Many times, people do the same thing. They restrict themselves and never reach their potential. Just like the fleas, they fail to jump higher, thinking they are doing al they can do. Useful Words and Expressions:1.cardboard 纸板2.lid 盖子3.conditioned 有条件的，习惯于……的4.restrict 限制，约束be restricted within narrow limits 限于狭窄的范围内be restricted in one’s movements 行动受限制Apology HelpsIt is never easy to admit you are in the wrong. Being human, we all need to know the art of apologizing. Look back with honesty and think how often you have judged roughly, you said unkind things, and pushed yourself ahead at the expense of a friend. Then count the occasions when you indicated clearly and truly that you were so sorry. A bit frightening, isn’t it? It is frightening, isn’t it? It is frightening because some deep wisdom in us knows that when even a small wrong has been committed, some mysterious moral feeling is disturbed; and it stays out of balance until fault is acknowledged and regret expressed.A heartfelt apology can not only heal a damaged relationship but also make it stronger. If you can think of someone who deserves an apology from you, someone you have wronged, or judged too roughly, or just neglected, do something about it right now.Useful Words and Expressions:1.push ahead 捉紧进行2.at the expense of 在损害……的情况下3.mysterious神秘的4.moral 道德的5.disturbed 扰乱的6.stay out of 不参与……，置身于……之外7.heartfelt 衷心的，真心真意的8.roughly粗糙地，概略地SleepWhy is it so difficult to fall asleep when you are overtired? There is no one answer that applies to every individual. It is possible to feel “tired” physically and still be unable to fall asleep, because while your body may be exhausted, you do not feel sleepy. It is not so easy to simply “turn off”.Lack of sleep complicates matters even more. Experts say adults need at least seven to eight hours of sleep a night to function properly. When you get less sleep than that on consecutive three nights, you begin to accrue four “sleep debt”. As sleep debt increases your body experiences a stress response. Now a vicious cycle has been created: You experience the feeling of being more and more tired, but your body is increasingly stimulated. “Power sleeping”for more hours on weekends is only a temporary solution. There is no substitute for getting a good night’s sleep on a regular basis.1.overtire 使过度疲劳2.apply to 将……应用于3.consecutive 连续的，连贯的4.accrue 自然增加，产生5.vicious恶的vicious cycle 恶性循环6.stimulate 刺激，激励7.substitute for 代替……，替换……Our ConcernThe history of life on earth has been a history of interaction between living things and their surroundings. To a large extent, the physical form and the habits of the earth’s vegetation and its animal life have been molded by the environment. Only in the present century has one species of man acquired significant power to alter the nature of his world.The rapidity of change follows the pace of man rather than the pace of nature. Radiation is now the unnatural creation of man’s tampering with the atom. The chemicals are the creations of man’s inventive mind, having no counterparts in nature.We have put poisonous and biologically potent chemicals into the hands of persons largely ignorant of their potentials for harm. We have subjected enormous numbers of people to contact with these enormous numbers of people to contact with these poisons, without their consent and often without their knowledge. We have allowed these chemicals to be used with little or no advance investigation of their effect. Future generations are unlikely to forgive our lack of concern.Useful Words and Expressions:1.interaction 交互作用，交感2.vegetation 植被3.mold 塑造，浇铸4.species 种类5.unnatural 不自然的6.temper with 损害，影响7.counterpart 配对物8.poisonous 有毒的9.potent 有力的，有效的10.consent 同意，赞成Gardening in AmericaBelieve or not, 43,000,000 Americans are gardening. That is about one in six. Gardeners, of course, come in many varieties. Not surprisingly, most of them are people who live in the suburbs, and enjoy planting flowers, or maybe a small vegetables garden.The average age of gardeners in America is about 45 years old; they usually fall somewhere in the middle class. But the fastest growing groups are city dwellers. Urban residents are finding ways of gardening even in their crowded areas. Many go to large public gardens, as a place designed by the city for garden, and you can actually ranch your own plot.Still other people use their balconies or roof tops, wherever they can find the space to plant small patches of green.1.suburb 郊区2.dweller 居民3.ranch 经营牧场4.balcony 阳台5.patch小块地The Influence of LifeIn the early times when human beings hunted and gathered food, they were not in control of their environment. They could only interact with their surroundings as the other lower animals did.When they learned to make fire, however, they became capable of altering their environment. To provide themselves with fuel, they cut down trees. They also burned clearings in forests to increase the growth of grass and to provide a greater grazing area for the wild animals that human beings fed upon. This development led to farming and the domestication of animals. Fire provided the means for cooking plants which had previously been inedible. Only when the process of meeting the basic need for food reached a certain level was it possible for humans to follow other pursuits such as setting up families, forming societies and founding cities.Useful words and Expressions:1.interact with 与……组合2.clearing 空旷地3.grazing 放牧，牧草4.domestication 驯养，驯服5.previously 先前，以前6.inedible 不能吃的，不适于食用的7.pursuit 追击8.set up 设立AutomobilesIt is impossible to say that any one man invented the automobile. Many individuals living and working in different countries and at different times contributed to its development. Many of the discoveries that went into the creation of the automobile were small in themselves. But together they were important. Here are two examples.“Carriage is running at a speed of 8 to 9 miles an hour.” It was almost unheard of in those days. According to automobile historians, this was the first practical use of mechanical power to move a vehicle. After its first run, the machine reportedly burned up while the inventor and his friends were celebrating its success at a pub.Henry Ford is considered the father of modern automobiles mass production. His famous Model-T car, because of its low price, made it possible to produce cars on a large scale and his efforts made it accessible to ordinary people.Useful words and expressions:1.reportedly 据传说，据传闻2.mass production大规模生产3.on a large scale 大规模地4.accessible 易接近的，可到达的accessible to 与……接近House and Home“House” and “home” are two words that have similar meanings.“House” and “home” both refer to places where people live. However, there is a difference between them. “Home” is often referred to as the place that we live in with our families. Sadly, in our society, people can hardly distinguish a home from a house because they often see no difference between them. This confusion can be traced back to the indifference between family members. Therefore, we can say that love is an important factor in a home. A home is a shelter, not only for our bodies but also for our minds. Whenever we are depressed, we can go home for comfort. Everyone in the family will do his best to take care of each other and share their happiness as well as sorrow. Without love, a home is merely a house where loneliness is all that can be found. And a house can never be a home unless there is love.Useful words and expressions:1.refer to 提到2.distinguish区别，辨别3.confusion 混乱，混淆4.trace back 追溯到5.indifference 不关心6.。

专四听力听写

1.Forest FireForest fire or wildfire is often used to signify an uncontrolled intense fire that breaks out in the wooded areas due to many factors ranging from natural to manmade causes. Wildfires can be witnessed throughout the world and they usually occur in cycles. Mild forest fires are often considered beneficial, as growth of many plant species depend on it. Many plant species also depend on wildfires for reproduction. However ,the large forest fires can have serious damaging effect on the surrounding environment.Due to the extensive size and the immense speed , a forest fire can easily spread to a vast area. Besides, it can also change its direction and overcome occasional barriers like roads, rivers and fire breaks. Forest fires break out in areas like grassland , woodland and bush. Some important causes of it are lightning and volcanic eruptions. Besides these, sparks from rock falls can also ignite forest fires.2.Job HuntingJob hunting is a stressful problem for everyone. Whether someone getting a job right out of school or someone seeking a better position than the one they just left, it is not something that comes easy to most people. However, with preparation and planning, the difficulties can be focused on and the situation can become less stressful. For example, dressing correctly is an important step for any applicant. Also, if you dress correctly, you will feel more confident in your ability to get the job. Men should wear a dress shirt and tie or even a suit if they possess one. Women should wear a suit or other clothing suitable for the occasion. It is better to dress too conservatively than not conservatively enough. Always use honesty as some interviewers will be able to detect problems in your resume. Good manners and correct speech are essential in impressing the interviewer.3.V ocational SchoolsThe universities are not able to meet all the growing needs of the society for future development. V ocational schools have arisen to fill these needs by providing a more detailed knowledge than that provided by universities. This has led to weak base of theory for many workers. Their focus, practical application , is much more detailed than the theory provided at college. Many students choose to go to vocational schools instead of universities. This has led many college graduates to question the value of their degrees. They should not, as the level of education offered by different vocational schools are unequal. Some of these schools are private and offer a flexible schedule for students who may be working or are even in school at university. On the other hand, because they are run by individuals, the teaching quality and the teaching resources offered by many vocational schools maybe of low quality.4.National RaceThe whole question of the changing role of Blacks in American society as been the subject of newspaper articles around the world so so frequently that visitors to the United States do not know what to expect when they arrive. They may be surprised when they see that Blacks and Whites work side by side in offices, factories ,and schools across the country. The majority of Blacks in the United States, however, live in and around only a small number of American cities. Many dark-skinned visitors arrive in the United States fearing personal attack or expecting various degrees of racial prejudice. Some forms of discrimination still exist, unfortunately, especially in the areas of the housing, schools,and jobs. The school equality is still more a dream than a reality. There are still too many areas of the country where Black American do not enjoy the same full opportunities as White American.5.A Positive View of Every DayIf your life feels like it is lacking the power that you want and the motivation that you need, sometimes all you have to do is shift your your point of view.By training your thoughts to concentrate on the bright side of things ,you are more likely to have the incentive to follow through on your goals. You are less likely to be held back by negative ideas that might limit your performance.Your life can be enhanced, and your happiness enriched, when you choose to change your perspective. Don't leave your future to chance, or wait for things to get better mysteriously on their own. You must go in the direction of your hopes and aspirations. Begin to build your confidence, and work through problems rather than avoid them. Remember that power is not necessarily control over situations, but the ability to deal with whatever comes your way.nguages in AmericaThe United States is primarily an English speaking country. The majority of the population speaks English as their native language. Business, education and most public aspects of life are conducted in English. Across the country, people pronounce English sounds in several different ways and some regional vocabulary differences exist, but for the most part, Americans speak one common language. This language is sometimes called American English. However, not everyone in the U.S. is a native speaker of English. Most immigrants to the country are speakers of other languages. There are hundreds of communities around the U.S. where English is not the most commonly used language. Chinese, Italian, German, Armenian, Greek, Vietnamese and French are all spoken in numerous communities in the U.S. Spanish is the second most commonly spoken language after English in the U.S. It is widely spoken in New York and across the southern part of the country.7.HalloweenIt's October the 31st, and across Britain and the USA, thousands of children are dressing up as monsters, ghosts and witches and going to their neighbors' houses to ask for sweets or to play tricks on them if they refuse.Many houses have lanterns made from pumpkins in their windows. These lanterns have frightening faces cut into them.What is the reason for all of this? It's Halloween! To an outsider, this may seem a strang festival, but it is a very popular one and an important part of the culture in Britain and the USA.The holiday once had a religious significance. November the 1st is All Saint's Day, and October the 31st was believed to be a day when all the spirits came back to the world of the living. In modern times, this has changed to be a day when children dress up as monsters, ghosts and witches.8.Universities in the UKUniversities in Britain are a magnet for overseas students. There are currently over 200000 from outside Britain studying at British universities. The large single group is Chinese students. There are currently 50000 in the UK.The British government expects the total number of overseas students to be around 900000 by 2020, and also thinks that a quarter of these will be Chinese. But why is the UK such a popular destination for university students?Well, the quality of your course is guaranteed. All courses are assessed by an independent system, so you can be assured that your course is officially approved and has wide international recognition. The British education system is very flexible in order to provide for the needs of a modern, complex society. Degree courses are usually 3 years long, whichis shorter and more intensive than in other countries. There are lots of scholarships available.9.Money and HappinessIt seems only natural that happiness should flow from having more money. Even if they don't admit it, people still behave as though it were true. More money means you can have what you want and do what you want. The house you dream of? It's yours. The new car you desire? Here are the keys. The freedom to enjoy your favorite pastimes? Here's your racket, the court is down there, just past the pool.So the puzzle is this: why do social scientists consistently find only moderate relationships between having more money and being happy? Some have even suggested that this moderate connection might be exaggerated. In reality money might have very little to do with happiness at all.Most puzzling, though, is that people often seem aware at some level that money won't make them happy. And yet they continue to work away earning money they don't objectively need.10.Tea Party FoodA tea party without good food is just as distasteful as a cake without sugar. So along with cups of tea, you need to arrange variety of party foods, like cookies, snacks, chips and starters. A bite of sugar and spice will always enhance the flavor of tea party. Sandwiches, pizzas, finger chips and French fries serve as good side dishes for tea. Cream cheese salad, pudding and salads are good delicacies for tea parties. Children love to relish chicken pies, apple pies, cakes and chocolates. Above all, remember it's a tea party, so serve different varieties of tea to your guests. Black, green and white will be the ideal for your guests. You can also brew some spicy herbal tea or flavored tea. For kids, you can serve cream., honey, milk ,and sugar. You can organize glasses of wine late in the evening or punch a bottle of champagne also.11.AdventureThe idea of adventure has always captured the imagination. The idea that just over the next hill there will be excitement and mystery is a big part of what makes us human . This is just as true of ancient times as it is today. Famous explores set out in small boats or joueneyed across immense deserts and oceans. Early explorers like Christopher Columbus or Zheng He traveled to foreign places for the glory of their nations. More importantly, they set out to test themselves against the forces of nature and the pursuit of knowledge. Other explorers today do the same thing. People are going to space in pursuit of the last frontier or seeking in the depths of science for new knowledge. Most people, in their daily lives, do not have the opportunity, however, with adventuring events.12.Office ConflictThe office can be very demanding on the lives of the workers. Stress can build up and explode into problems. This can seriously influence the productivity and efficiency of a business. The problems that upset an office can vary drastically depending on the nature of the employees or even the employers. Employees may feel that they are being overworked or underpaid. They may also feel that this signals the loss of appreciation on their work, causing increasing tension as they complain about work. They may also have personality differences which can cause conflict. This can be seen in offices where too close relationships develop. People in authority may tend to place more value on these relationships than on the work itself. They may have lost sight of the goal of forwarding the development of the company. Gossiping about co-workers and the company is a frequent example of this.13.Food and CultureThe culture of food and dining in the West is a little different from that inChina. The proper western dinner at a fine restaurant is one of manners, focusing on conversation. You are expected to have knowledge of table manners such as what folk or knife to use as these are essential in western dining. The meal would consist of several courses including a soup or salad, an appetizer, the main dish and a dessert. The atmosphere will be filled with light music that would only serve as background as people converse with each other. The decorations are usually sparse and are only meant to highlight the atmosphere that is being created by the music. This type of dining is different from the dining experience in most restaurants in China. However, with the increase in internationalism, more restaurants are opening which reflect the more western dining style.14.In-service Education and V ocational DevelopmentMany people feel that the successful finding of a job is the end of their schooling. This idea is rarely true, however, as each field of work requires a thorough knowledge of it. This may go beyond that which could be learned in high school or university. Universities, with their complete curriculum, are intended to first teach us about everything. Later studies fill in the gap of knowledge by offering more specialized courses. Universities, however, are meant to teach the theories of any particular field, not the practical knowledge needed to do our jobs. The rise of vocational school has risen to fill a gap of practical knowledge. V ocational schools can aid us in this by teaching us to be especially good at one thing. If a person has enough health and energy, as well as determination, he may go to Night School or take a self-teaching program.15.HospitalityAn American friend has invited you to visit his family. You've never been to an American's home before, and you're not sure what to do. Should you take a gift? How should you dress? What time should you arrive? What should you do when you get there? Glad you asked. When you're the guest, you should just make yourself at home. That's what hospitality is all about: making people feel at home when they're not.The question of whether or not to bring a gift often makes guests nervous. Giving your host a gift is not just a social nicety in some cultures--it's expected. But in American culture, a guest is not obligated to bring a present. Of course, some people do bring a small token of appreciation to their host. Appropriate gifts for general occasions might be flowers, candy or--if the family has small children--toys.16.The Football Field LengthKnowledge about the football field length does not seem like something fans and players have to be aware of, but it is certainly something that the most passionate fans will know. The length of a football field, be it American football or soccer, is universally known and all professional stadiums and grounds adopt these measurements. In soccer, there may be some minor differences in the football field length from stadium to stadium, and this occurs because these stadiums are historical monuments that have been around before the measurements were standardized.On the other hand, American football requires that the football field length be uniform across all the grounds and the stadiums in the country. The National Football League has laid down particular guidelines and rules about the football field length, and this cannot be altered. As a player,one must be completely aware about these football field dimensions.17.CultureThe culture values of a community give it an identity of its own. A community gains a character and a personality of its own, because of the culture of its people. Culture is shared by the members of a community. It is learned and passed from the older generations to the newer ones. For aneffective transfer of culture from one generation to another, it has to be translated into symbols. Language, art and religion serve as the symbolic means of transfer of culture values between generation.Culture is a bond that ties the people of a region or community together. It is that one common bond, which brings the people of a community together. The customs and traditions that the people of a community follow, the festivals they celebrate, the kind of clothing they wear, the food they eat, and most importantly, the culture values they adhere to, bind them together.18.FashionEvery year London Fashion Week attracts retailers, fashion leaders, and the press to shows of all that's new in British fashion. Outrageous designs, original fabrics, and beautiful slim models are displayed on the catwalk in an atmosphere of extravagant elegance. However, how much of this gets translated into street fashion, appearing in high street shops? And how many of us actually follow the trends we see?We all need to be comfortable with what we wear. After all, first impressions count, and we want our appearance to be consistent with the image we would like to project. How can we do this without becoming a fashion slave? We are bombarded with magazines that show us the new fashions for each season, and where we can buy trendy clothes for reasonable prices. The distinction between what we see on the catwalk and what's on display in the high street is becoming increasingly blurred.19.American SocietyThe United States, like other countries has its rich and poor people, its rich and poor neighborhoods.Americans love---and many are themselves living examples of---the "self-made man." you will hear this expression often. But for every person who is successful,they are usually better educated than their parents and therefore more likely to have good , well paying jobs.In addition to the fact that the United States includes people whose families originally came from many other parts of the world, Americans move across the nation in great numbers. One study reported that one of every five families in the United States moves every three years. This continuous mixing of people into new communities is an important observation to consider when trying to understand the meaning of class in America. We have already discussed the questioning, "do-it-yourself" American personality that is another important consideration.20.RecreationRecreations are an important part of people's life. For example, after hours of attentive study, students feel like having a football game to relax their nerves. Workers, too, find it very satisfying to sit in front of a TV set for an hour or two when they come back from a day's tiring work. Besides, recreations serve as a pleasing way for the retired people to pass their excessive time. Everywhere you go, you will find that during their spare time, people are engaged in recreational activities of one kind or another.Generally speaking, there are two kinds of recreations: physical activities and intellectual activities. Physical activities, on the one hand, keep one fit and develop team spirit. Basketball is an example. On the other hand, intellectual activities such as playing chess and reading novels can train one's brains and provide temporary escape from one's troubles.。

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Passage13A Kind NeighborMr. and Mrs. Jones' apartment was full of luggage, packages, furniture and boxes. Both of them were very busy when they heard the doorbell ring. Mrs. Jones went to open it and she saw a middle-aged lady outside. The lady said she lived next door. Mrs. Jones invited her to come in and apologized because there was no place for her to sit. "Oh, that's OK," said the lady. "I just come to welcome you to your new home. As you know, in some parts of this city neighbors are not friendly at all. There are some apartment houses where people don't know any of their neighbors, not even the ones next door. But in this building everyone is very friendly with everyone else. We are like one big happy family. I' m sure you'll be very happy here." Mr. and Mrs. Jones said, "But madam, we are not new dwellers in this apartment. We've lived here for two years. We're moving out tomorrow. "(163 words)Passage14That Isn't Our FaultMr. and Mrs. Williams got married when he was twenty-three, and she was twenty--three. Twenty-five years later, they had a big party, and a photographer came and took some photographs of them.Then the photographer gave Mrs. Williams a card and said, "They'll be ready next Wednesday. You can get them from studio.""No," Mrs. Williams said, "please send them to us.”The photographs arrived a week later, but Mrs. Williams was not happy when she saw them. She got into her car and drove to the photographer's studio. She went inside and said angrily, "You took some photographs of me and my husband last week, but I' m not going to pay for them.""Oh, why not?" the photographer asked."Because my husband looks like a monkey," Mrs. Williams said."Well," the photographer answered, "that isn't our fault. Why didn't you think of that before you married him?" (148 words)Passage 1 5A Guide's AnswerIn 1861, the Civil War started in the United States between the Northern and the Southern states. The war continued with great bitterness until 1865, when the Northerners were victorious. However, even today, many Southerners have not forgotten their defeat, or forgiven the Northerners.A few years ago, a party of American tourists were going round one of the battlefields of the Civil War with a guide who came from one of the Southern states. At each place, the guide told the tourists stir- ring stories about how a few Southern soldiers had conquered powerful forces of Northerners there.At last, one of the tourists, a lady who came from the North, stopped the guideand said to him, "But surely the Northern army must have won at least one victory in the Civil War?""Not as long as I'm the guide here, madam," answered the Southern guide. (147 words)Passage 1 6A Qualified PilotThe captain of a small ship had to go along a rocky coast, but he was unfamiliar with it, so he tried to find a qualified pilot to guide him. He went ashore in one of the small ports, and a local fisherman pretended that he was a pilot because he needed some money. The captain took him on board and asked him where to steer the ship.After half an hour the captain began to suspect that the fisherman did not really know what he was doing and where he was going."Are you sure you are a qualified pilot?" he asked."Oh, yes," answered the fisherman. "I know every rock on this part of the coast."Suddenly there was a terrible crash from under the ship. At once the fisherman added, "And that's one of them." (138 words)Passage 17Living Things ReactYou and all organisms live in an environment. An environment is made up of everything that surrounds an organism. It can include the air, the water, the soil, and even other organisms.An organism responds to changes in its environment. When an organism responds to a change, it reacts in certain ways. All living things respond in some way.Have you ever noticed how plants and insects respond to light? Plants bend toward light. Insects fly toward light.Living things also respond in other ways. The leaves on some trees respond to a change in season. In autumn, they change colors and then fall off the branches. Animals also respond to a change in season. Squirrels save nuts for the winter. Bears sleep through the winter in a cave.You respond to your environment in many ways, too. You may shiver ff you are cold. What other ways do you respond to changes in your environment? ( 156 words ) Passage18Flowering PlantsWhat are the parts of a flower?Flowers can have male parts and female parts. The female parts make eggs that become seeds. The male parts make pollen. Pollen is a powdery material that is needed by the eggs to make seeds. To make seeds, pollen and eggs must come together. The wind, insects, and birds bring pollen to eggs. Many animals loveflowers' bright colors. They also like a sugary liquid in flowers. This is called nectar. While they drink nectar, pollen rubs off on their bodies. As they move, some of this pollen gets delivered to the female flower parts.Over time, the female parts turn into fruits that contain seeds. Animals often eat the fruits and the seeds pass through their bodies as waste. The animals do not know they are working for the plants by planting seeds as they travel to different places! (147 words)Passage 19Finding the Direction and LocationHow can you tell which direction? / By day, look for the Sun. It is in the east in the morning and the west in the afternoon./ At night, use the Big Dipper to help you find the North Star. / It would be better to bring a compass because its needle always points north. /How do you know how far you have gone?/ You could count every step. /Each step is about two feet. / You'd better wear a pedometer which is a tool that counts steps. / If you know where you started, which direction you are heading, and how far you have gone, / you can use a good map to figure out exactly where you are. / Today there is a new way for travelers to figure out where they are. / It is the GPS. / It has 24 satellites that orbit the earth and constantly broadcast their positions./ Someday you may carry a small receiver as you hike / and use GPS to find out if you are there yet! / (167 words)Passage 20WavesHow does light get from the sun to the earth? How does music get from the stage to the audience? They move the same way--in waves!Light and sound are forms of energy. All waves carry energy, but they may carry it differently. Light and sound travel through different kinds of matter. For example, light waves cannot move through walls, but sound waves can. That is why you can hear people talking in another room even though you cannot see them. The energy of some waves is destructive. An earthquake produces seismic waves.Catch a wave. Ask a friend to stand a few feet away from you. Stretch a spring between you. Shake the spring to transfer energy to it. What happens? The spring bounces up and down in waves. When the waves reach your friend, they bounce back to you!Light waves travel 300,000 kilometers (185,000 miles) per second! They can also travel through a vacuum. That is why light from the sun and distant stars can travel through space to the earth! (175 words)Passage 21SoilsThere are many different kinds of soils. Different soils have different types of rock and minerals in them. Some soils have more water in them than others. Some soils might have more plant and animal material in them, too.Different kinds of soils are found in different parts of the world. There are several kinds of soils found in the United States. In some areas, the soil has a lot of clay. Other soils are very sandy. Loam is a kind of soil that has a good mixture of clay and sand.In some places, soft layers are very thick. Lots of plants grow in places with a thick soil layer. In dry and windy places soft layers are much thinner. Layers of soft on mountains are thin because gravity pulls the soil downhill.The type of soft in a particular place affects what kinds of plants can grow there. (150 words)Passage22CrisisLife is a contest! Who will win? A bluebird and sparrow both compete for space to build their nests. A fast-growing maple tree and slower-growing dogwood compete for the sunlight they both need. Oil competes with coal and nuclear power as an energy source for electric power plants.There is a problem. There is a limited amount of space for birds, sunlight for trees, and energy for people! If we do not cut back on our uses of some of our resources, someday they will be gone!How can we use energy today and know we will have enough to go around in the future? We can choose alternate, or replacement, energy resources. It takes the earth millions of years to create coal, oil, and gas. They are nonrenewable resources.Solar energy, wind energy and water energy are renewable. What other ways can we conserve our resources? How can we make sure there is always enough to go around? (159 words)Passage 23America's Worst SurpriseDecember 7, 1941 was one of the worst days in American history. Nearly all Americans who are old enough to remember that day can still remember what they were doing at the moment they heard "the news". The news was that America had been attacked!Shoddy before 2:00 P.M., a radio dispatch came into Washington from Honolulu, Hawaii. "Air Raid, Pearl Harbor--This is no drill." Japanese planes had begun an attack on the largest American military base in the Pacific. They first destroyed planes on the ground. Then they bombed the ships in the harbor.No one had expected the attack. So no one was prepared for it. And it did not take long for the Japanese to do their damage. When the smoke cleared, the Navy counted its losses. Eighteen ships had been sunk or badly damaged. Nearly 150 planeshad been destroyed. More than 2,400 Americans had been killed and more than 1, 200 wounded. (157 words)Passage 24Great Depression in the U.S.In 1929, the bills started to come in. American industry had produced too many goods. Americans could not afford to buy all of them. So factories had to cut down on their production. Many workers lost their jobs. Investors tried to get their money back. But businesses did not have enough money to pay them. Banks tried to get their money back from investors. But the investors could not pay, either. Too many people owed money. And few of them could pay their bills.During the next few years, business got worse and worse. By 1932, banks all over the country were dosing.People without money could not buy goods. So more businesses dosed. More and more people lost their jobs. By 1932, more than 12 million Americans were jobless. Millions more were earning barely enough to live on. The country was in a great depression they had never experienced before. (151 words)Passage 25A Place of Our OwnWe are all usually very careful when we buy something for the house. Why? Because we have to live with it for a long time. We paint a room to make it brighter, so we choose the colours carefully.We buy new curtains in order to match the newly decorated room, so they must be the right colour. We move the furniture round so as to make more space-- or we buy new furniture---and so on. It is an endless business.Rich or poor, we take time to furnish a room. Perhaps some people buy furniture in order to impress their friends. But most of us just want to enjoy our surroundings. We want to live as comfortably as we can afford to. We spend a large part of our lives at home. We want to make a small comer in the world which we can recognize as our own. (151 words)Passage 26Travel for Work (149 words)You can see them in every airport in the world. They axe businessmen and women who have to travel for their work. When they first applied for the job, they may have thought of good food and hotels, huge expense accounts and fashionable cities. Now they have to sit in airport lounges, tired and uncomfortable in their smart clothes, listening to the loudspeaker announce "The flight to Tokyo, or Berlin, or New York is delayed for another two hours". Some people say to me, "How lucky you are to be able to travel abroad in your work! You can go sightseeing without paying any money by yourself!” They think that my job is like a continual holiday. It is not. There are advantages, of course, and I do think I am lucky, but only because I can go toplaces I would never visit ff I was a tourist.Passage 27Intelligence (154 words)Are some people born clever, and others born stupid? / Or is intelligence developed by our environment and our experience? / Strangely enough, the answer to these questions is yes. / To some extent our intelligence is given us at birth, / and no amount of special education can make a genius / out of a child born with low intelligence. / On the other hand, a child who lives in a boring environment will develop his intelligence / less than one who lives in rich and varied surroundings./ Thus, the limits of a person's intelligence are fixed at birth, / whether or not he reaches those limits will depend on his environment. / This view, held by most experts now, / can be supported in a number of ways. / As is easy to show that intelligence is to some extent something we are born with. / The closer the blood relationship between two people is, / the closer they are likely to be in intelligence. /Passage 28A Free Dress Every Week (148 words)The temptation to steal is greater than ever before especially in large shops and people are not so honest as they once were. A detective recently watched a well-dressed woman who always went into a large store on Monday mornings. One Monday, there were fewer people in the shop than usual when the woman came in, so it was easier for the detective to watch her. The woman first bought a few small articles. After a little time, she chose one of the most expensive dresses in the shop and handed it to an assistant who wrapped it up for her as quickly as possible. The woman simply took the parcel and walked out of the shop without paying. When she was arrested, the detective found out that the shop assistant was her daughter. Believe it or not, the girl "gave" her mother a free dress every week!Passage 29Time (157 words)Time is tangible. One can gain time, spend time, waste time, save time, or even kill time. Common questions in American English reveal this concrete quality as though time were a possession. "Do you have any time?", "Can you get some time for this?", "How much free time do you have?" The treatment of time as a possession influences the way that time is carefully divided. Generally, Americans are taught to do one thing at a time and may be uncomfortable when an activity is interrupted. In businesses, the careful scheduling of time and the separation of activities are common practices. Appointment calendars are printed with 15-, 30-, and 50-minute time slots. The idea that "there is a time and place for everything" extends to American social life. Visitors who drop by without prior notice may interrupt their host' s personal time. Thus, calling friends on the telephone before visiting them is generally preferred to visitors' dropping by.Passage 30Cartoonists (144 words)In a good cartoon, the artist can tell in a few lines as much as a writer can tell in half a dozen paragraphs. The cartoonist not only tells a story but he also tries to persuade the reader to his way of thinking. He has great influence on public opinion. In a political campaign, he plays an important part. Controversial issues in Congress or at meetings of the United Nations may keep the cartoonist well-supplied with current materials. A clever cartoonist may cause laughter because he often uses humour in his drawings. If he is sketching famous person, he takes a prominent feature and exaggerates it. Cartoonists, for instance, like to lengthen an already long nose and to widen an already broad grin. This exaggeration of a person's characteristics is called caricature. The artist uses such exoneration to put his message across.。