专升本英语(阅读)模拟试卷100(题后含答案及解析)

专升本英语（阅读）模拟试卷100(题后含答案及解析) 全部题型 5. Reading Comprehension
Part III Reading ComprehensionDirections: In this part there are four passages. Each passage is followed by a number of comprehension questions. Read the passages and choose the best answer to each question. Then, mark your answer by blackening the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet.
Adam Smith was the first person to see the importance of the division of the labor. He gave us an example of the process by which pins were made in England. “One man draws out the wire, another strengthens it, a third cuts it, a fourth points it, and a fifth gives it a head. Just to make the head requires two or three different operations. The work of making pins is divided into about eighteen different operations, which in some factories are all performed by different people, though in others the same man will sometimes perform two or three of them. Ten men, Smith said, in this way, turned out twelve pounds of pins a day or about 4,800 pins a worker. But if all of them had worked separately and independently without division of labor, they certainly could not have made twenty pins in a day and not even one. There can be no doubt that division of labor is an efficient way of organizing work. Fewer people can make more pins. Adam Smith saw this, but he also took it for granted that division of labor is itself responsible for economic growth and development and it accounts for the difference between expanding economies and those that stand still. But division of labor adds nothing new, it only enables people to produce more of what they already have.
1．According to the passage, Adam Smith was the first person to______.
A．take advantage of the physical labor
B．introduce the division of labor into England
C．understand the effects of the division of labor
D．explain the bad causes of the division of labor
正确答案：C
解析：根据文章的第一段第一句话：Adam Smith was the first person to see the importance of the division of the labor．可知劳动分工的重要性也就是劳动分工对生产效率的作用、影响。

所以C为正确答案。

知识模块：阅读理解
2．Adam Smith saw that the division of labor______.
A．enabled each worker to design pins more quickly
B．increased the possible output per worker
C．increased the number of people employed in factories
D．improved the quality of pins produced
正确答案：B
解析：本题考查考生对文章具体细节的把握及对全文的概括总结能力。

答案对应于文章的第三段，通过数据史密斯说明了劳动分工极大地提高了生产效率，增加了产量。

只有B项符合文意。

知识模块：阅读理解
3．Adam Smith mentioned the number 4,800 in order to______.
A．show the advantages of the old labor system
B．stress how powerful the individual worker was
C．show the advantages of the division of labor
D．stress the importance of increased production
正确答案：C
解析：通过上题分析，很容易得出答案。

且A、B、D原文都明显没有提到。

所以C为正确答案。

知识模块：阅读理解
4．According to the writer, Adam Smith’s mistake was in believing that the division of labor______.
A．was an efficient way of organizing work
B．was an important development in methods of production
C．finally led to economic development
D．increased the production of existing goods
正确答案：C
解析：本题考查考生对文章具体细节的把握。

答案对应于文章最后一段第三句话：…but he also took it for granted that division of labor is itself responsible for economic growth and development…所以C为正确选项。

知识模块：阅读理解
5．According to the writer, which one of the following is NOT true?
A．Division of labor can enable fewer people to make more pins.
B．Division of labor helps people to produce more of what they already have.
C．Division of labor is by no means responsible for economic growth.
D．Division of labor is an efficient way of organizing work.
正确答案：C
解析：本题考查考生对文章具体细节的把握。

关键在by no means(绝不)这个词组上。

从题的分析看，劳动分工本身不能保证经济增长，但不能就因此说劳动分工根本不能促进经济增长。

故选C项。

知识模块：阅读理解
When we talk about intelligence we do not mean the ability to get good scores on certain kinds of tests or even the ability to do well in school. By intelligence we mean a way of living and behaving, especially in a new or upsetting situation. If
we want to test intelligence, we need to find out how a person acts instead of how much he knows what to do. For instance, when in a new situation, an intelligent person thinks about the situation, not about himself or what might happen to him. He tries to find out all he can, and then he acts immediately and tries to do something about it. He probably isn’t sure how it will all work out, but at least he tries. And, if he can’t make things work out right, he doesn’t feel ashamed that he failed; he just tries to learn from his mistakes. An intelligent person, even if he is very young, has a special outlook on life, a special feeling about life, and knows how he fits into it. If you look at children, you’ll see great difference between what we call “bright”children and”not-bright”children. They are actually two different kinds of people, not just the same kind with different amount of intelligence. For example, the bright child really wants to find out about life and he tries to get in touch with everything around him. But, the unintelligent child keeps more to himself and his own dream-world; he seems to have a wall between him and life in general.
6．According to this passage, intelligence is______.
A．the ability to study well
B．the ability to do well in school
C．the ability to deal with life
D．the ability to get high scores on some tests
正确答案：C
解析：从文章的第一段可知智力不是指某人在智力测验中获得高分，也不是指在学校里成绩优异，而是指人的生活、行为方式，尤其是面对新的环境或困境时。

因此智力是指应对生活的能力。

知识模块：阅读理解
7．In a new situation, an intelligent person______.
A．knows more about what might happen to him
B．is sure of the result he will get
C．concentrates on what to do about the situation
D．cares more about himself
正确答案：C
解析：答案在文章的第二段：“…when in a new situation，an intelligent person thinks about the situation，not about himself or what might happen to him．He tries to find out all he can，and then he acts immediately and tries to do something about it．”因此面对新的局面，智商高的人会想着如何去应对。

知识模块：阅读理解
8．If an intelligent person failed, he would______.
A．try not to feel ashamed
B．learn from his experiences
C．try to regret as much as possible
D．make sure what result he would get
正确答案：B
解析：答案在文章的第二段：“…if he can’t make things work out right，he doesn’t feel ashamed that he failed；he just tries to learn from his mistakes．”因此，如果一个聪明人失败了，他会从失败中学到东西。

知识模块：阅读理解
9．Bright children and not-bright children______.
A．are two different types of children
B．are different mainly in their degree of cleverness
C．have difference only in their way of thinking
D．have different knowledge about the world
正确答案：A
解析：答案在文章的最后一段。

“They are actually two different kinds of people，not just the same kind with different amount of intelligence．”因此聪明和不聪明的孩子实际是两种不同类型的人。

知识模块：阅读理解
10．The author of this passage will probably continue to talk about______.
A．how to determine what intelligence is
B．how education should be found
C．how to solve practical problems
D．how an unintelligent person should be taught
正确答案：D
解析：文章前两段分别谈到了聪明人的行为表现，并举例说明了他们失败后会怎样；最后一段谈到聪明和不聪明的孩子实际上是两种不同类型的人，因此可以断定下面应该谈如何教育不聪明的孩子了。

知识模块：阅读理解
Human needs seem endless. When a hungry man gets a meal, he begins to think about an overcoat; when a manager gets a new sports car, a big house and pleasure boats dance into view. The many needs of mankind might be regarded as making up several levels. When there is money enough to satisfy one level of needs, another level appears. The first and most basic level of needs involves food. Once this level is satisfied, the second level of needs, clothing and some sort of shelter, appears. By the end of World War A , these needs were satisfied for a great majority of Americans. Then a third level appeared. It included such items as automobiles and new houses. By 1957 or 1958 this third level of needs was fairly well satisfied. Then, in the late 1950s, a fourth level of needs appeared; the “life-enriching” level. While the other levels involve physical satisfaction, that is, the feeding, comfort, safety, and transportation, this level stresses mental needs for recognition, achievement, and happiness. It includes a variety of goods and services, many of which could be called “luxury” items. Among then are vacation trips, the best
medical and dental care, and recreation. Also included here are fancy goods and the latest styles in clothing. On the fourth level, a lot of money is spent on services, while on the first three levels more is spent on goods. Will consumers raise their sights to a fifth level of needs as their income increases, or will they continue to demand luxuries and personal services on the fourth level? A fifth level would probably involve needs that can be achieved best by community action. Consumers may be spending more on taxes to pay for government action against disease, ignorance, crim, and prejudice. After filling our stomachs, our clothes closets, our garages, our teeth, and our minds, we now may seek to ensure the health, safety, and leisure to enjoy more fully the good things on the first four levels.
11．According to the passage, man will begin to think about such needs as housing and clothing only when______.
A．he has saved up enough money
B．he has grown dissatisfied with his simple shelter
C．he has satisfied his hunger
D．he has learned to build houses
正确答案：C
解析：本题答案对应于第一、三段。

文章的第一段提到一个人有了吃的就会想到再要件衣服，第三段又说最基本的需求是食物，这个层次的需求得到满足后人就会考虑服装和住的地方。

综合判断，所以选C，即他不再饥饿后就会产生对住处和衣服的需求。

知识模块：阅读理解
12．It can be inferred from the passage that by the end of World War II , most Americans______.
A．were very rich
B．lived in poverty
C．had the good things on the first three levels
D．did not own automobiles
正确答案：D
解析：文章第三段中说第二次世界大战结束时，对于大多数美国人来说，食品、服装以及住所的需求都满足了，然后第三个层次的需求，包括汽车和新房子便出现了。

这说明第二次世界大战结束时大多数美国人还没有汽车。

A项“很富有”，意思不明。

B项“生活在贫困中”，不符合文意。

C项“满足了前三个层次的需求”，也不正确，因为这时第三个层次的需求才刚刚出现。

知识模块：阅读理解
13．Which of the following is NOT related to “physical satisfaction”?
A．A successful career.
B．A comfortable home.
C．A good meal.
D．A family car.
正确答案：A
解析：本题答案对应于文章的第四段，第四段第三行说physical satisfaction 包括食物、舒适、安全感、交通工具，在B、C、D中都有体现。

故选A。

知识模块：阅读理解
14．What is the main concern of man on the fourth level?
A．The more goods the better.
B．The more mental satisfaction the better.
C．The more “luxury” items the better.
D．The more earnings the better.
正确答案：B
解析：本题答案对应文章第四段，其中第三句说到：“…this level stresses mental needs…”，也就是说第四个层次的需求强调的是精神需求，所以选B。

知识模块：阅读理解
15．The author tends to think that the fifth level______.
A．would be little better than the fourth level
B．may be a lot more desirable than the first four
C．can be the last and most satisfying level
D．will become attainable before the government takes actions
正确答案：B
解析：本题考查考生对作者意思的整体把握。

先看A项“比第四个层次要好一些”，意思含糊。

C项“是最终的、最令人满意的需求层次”，太绝对。

D项“在政府采取行动之前就能实现”，不合文意。

文章说第五个层次的需求要通过集体行动实现，即人们付钱给政府，让其对抗疾病、愚昧、犯罪与不公。

可见这要在政府采取行动后实现。

而B项的意思是“比前四个层次的需求更值得拥有”，这是正确的。

知识模块：阅读理解
Newspapers are not nearly as popular today as they were in the past. There are not very many people who seriously read a newspaper every day. Most people read only the sports pages, the advice or gossip columns, the comics , and perhaps the classified advertisements. Most people don’t take the time to read the real news. Newspaper editors say that their readers are lazy. They say they have to trick people into reading the news. They attempt to catch the reader’s interest with pictures and exciting headlines. These techniques are used on the front page because it is the first thing you see when you pick up the paper. The first page attracts attention and encourages the reader to look through the rest of the paper. This is why editors always look for a good first page story and headlines that make you stop and look. If the headline is horrible enough or frightening enough or wild enough, perhaps you will go on to read the rest of the story. Just the same, there are a lot of people who do not even
read the front page anymore. They may read the headlines, but that is all. Then they turn to the sports page, or comics, or advertisements. It seems that people do not want the news from a newspaper anymore. They say they get the news on the television now. More people watch television news because it is easier and more interesting than reading a newspaper. What about you? Do you read news from a newspaper? Do you watch the news on television? Do you think it easier to get the news from television? Do you listen to the radio? Or do you even care about news at all? Would you mind if there were no news?
16．According to the writer, newspapers are______.
A．more popular today
B．less popular today
C．as popular as before
D．getting more and more popular
正确答案：B
解析：文章首句说到：“Newspapers are not nearly as popular today as they were in the past．”(今天的报纸不像过去那样受欢迎了)。

因此正确答案为B。

知识模块：阅读理解
17．Editors think the important part of the paper is______.
A．the headlines
B．the sports page
C．the front page
D．the classified advertisements
正确答案：C
解析：根据第一段中第八句：“These techniques are used on the front page because it is the first thing you see when you pick up the paper．”可知，这些技术(图片和令人激动的标题)一般都用于头版，因为头版是读者最先看到的，因此可吸引读者继续看下去。

故选C。

知识模块：阅读理解
18．According to the article, most people read all of the following except______.
A．the real news
B．the sports page
C．comics
D．advertisements
正确答案：A
解析：从第一段第三句：“Most people read only the sports pages，the advice or gossip columns．．．classified advertisement．Most people don’t take the time to read the real news”可知A正确。

知识模块：阅读理解
19．Today more people get news from______.
A．newspapers
B．radio
C．television
D．both A and B
正确答案：C
解析：从第一段最后：“They say they get the news on the television now．”可知，更多的消息是来自电视。

因此选C。

知识模块：阅读理解
20．The author’s attitude toward newspaper is______.
A．sympathetic
B．critical
C．negative
D．undetermined
正确答案：A
解析：从文章中作者说报纸已不像过去那样受欢迎了，及所作的描述可知，作者的态度是同情的。

知识模块：阅读理解
By adopting a few simple techniques, parents who read to their children can greatly increase their children’s language development. It is surprising but true. How parents talk to their children makes a big difference in the children’s language development. If a parent encourages the child to actively respond to what the parent is reading, the child’s language skills increase. A study was done with 30 three-year-old children and their parents. Half of the children participated in the experimental study; the other half acted as the control group. In the experimental group, the parents were given a two-hour training session in which they were taught to ask open-ended questions rather than yes-or-no questions. For example, the parent should ask, “What is the doggie doing?” rather than “Is the doggie running away?”The parents in the experimental group were also instructed in how to help children find answers, how to suggest alternative possibilities and how to praise correct answers. At the beginning of the study, the children did not differ in measures of language development, but at the end of one month, the children in the experimental group showed 5. 5 months ahead of the control group on a test of verbal expression and vocabulary. Nine months later, the children in the experimental group still showed an advance of 6 months over the children in the control group.
21．Which of the following can be inferred from the passage?
A．Children who talk a lot are more intelligent.
B．Parents who listen to their children can teach them more.
C．Active children should read more and be given more attention.
D．Verbal ability can easily be developed with proper methods.
正确答案：D
解析：本题答案在第一段：By adopting a few simple techniques，parents who read to their children can greatly increase their children’s language development．可知，父母给孩子读书的时候，通过采用一些简单的方法可以极大提高孩子的语言能力。

因此可以得出这样的结论：语言能力可以通过适当的方法轻松地提高。

故选项D正确。

知识模块：阅读理解
22．What does “it” in line 2 can most probably be replaced by?
A．Parents increasing children’s language development.
B．Reading techniques being simple.
C．Parents reading to children.
D．Children’s intelligence development.
正确答案：A
解析：根据文章第一段第一句和第三句中的children’s language development 部分，可以看出it指父母能提高孩子的语言能力。

代词的指代内容一般应从该句的上下句中找。

知识模块：阅读理解
23．According to the author, which of the following questions is the best type to ask children about?
A．Do you see the elephant?
B．Is the elephant in the cage?
C．What animals do you like?
D．Shall we go to the zoo?
正确答案：C
解析：文章第二段第三句说到：In the experimental group，the parents were given a two-hour training session in which they were taught to ask open—ended questions rather than yes-or—no questions．即在实验组里，对家长进行了两小时的培训，让他们学会向孩子们提一些开放式问题，而不是问用“是或不是”回答的问题。

再根据下文提问的举例可推出家长提出的最好的问题应该是：What animals do you like?(你喜欢什么样的动物?)C为正确答案。

知识模块：阅读理解
24．The difference between the control group and the experimental group was______
A．the training that parents received
B．the age of the children
C．the books that were read
D．the number of the children
正确答案：A
解析：本题答案在第二段第三句：In the experimental group，the parents were given a two-hour training session…(在实验组里，对家长进行了两小时的培训……)文章的调查研究中把孩子及其家长分成两组，显然区别在于实验组里的家长接受了培训。

知识模块：阅读理解
25．The best conclusion we can draw from the passage is that______.
A．parents should be trained to read to their children
B．the more children read, the more intelligent they will become
C．children’s language skills increase when they are required to respond actively D．children who read actively seem six months older
正确答案：C
解析：本题答案在第一段最后一句话：If a parent encourages the child to actively respond to what the parent is reading，the child’s language skills increase．可知C为正确答案。

知识模块：阅读理解。