外研版初中英语初一下册Revision module A知识讲解

Revision module A
词句精讲精练
词汇精讲
1. look for
look for意为“寻找”，多用于进行时态中，强调动作本身。

例如：
He is looking for his pen here and there. 他正在到处寻找他的钢笔。

【拓展1】look for与find的辨析：
(1) look for意为“寻找”，是有目的地找，强调找的动作。

例如：
Jim is looking for his little dog. Jim正在找他的小狗。

(2) find是动词，意为“找到”，通常指找到或发现具体的东西，强调的是找的结果。

例如：
He didn’t find his book. 他没有找到他的书。

【拓展2】look 的相关短语：
look up (在字典、参考书中)查询所需的信息
look over (医生)仔细检查
look around 环顾四周
look after照看
look at 看……
look down on 看不起
look through 浏览，仔细地看
2. join/take part in/join in
(1) join是动词，意为“参加，加入”。

宾语有以下几种形式：
1) join + 表示团体或组织的名词，意为“加入（某团体），成为……（成员）”。

例如：
join the swimming club 参加游泳俱乐部
join the army 参军
Yao Ming joined the NBA. 姚明加入了NBA。

2) join + 指人的名词或代词，join意为“加入……之中”。

例如：
Will you join us for lunch? 和我们一起吃午饭好吗？
(2) take part in意为“参加”，常指参加群众性的活动、会议、劳动、游行等，往往指参加者持有
积极的态度，起一定作用。

take part in之后接名词或动名词。

例如：
I didn’t take part in the sports meeting yesterday because I was ill.
我没有参加昨天的运动会，因为我病了。

Everyone can take part in gardening. 每个人都可以参加到园艺活动中来。

(3) join in + 活动类名词，意为“参加（活动）。

” 例如：
Can you join in the game? 你能参加这个游戏吗？
3. win/beat
(1) win是动词，意为“赢得；打败；战胜”，其现在分词要双写n，过去式和过去分词均为won。

win强调赢
得“比赛、游戏、战争”，获得“名次、奖品”。

例如：
a prize得奖
a game赢得比赛
win a honor赢得荣誉
a battle 赢得战斗
a match赢得比赛
(2) beat强调“打败，战胜”，其后只能接比赛、竞争的对手，即beat只能接表示人的词语作宾语。

例如：
a team 战胜/打败一队（组）
beat a nation战争/打败一个国家
an opponent战胜/打败一个对手
4. else/other/the other
(1)else作形容词，意为“别的，其他的”，常用于不定代词后面。

1）常用在much, little, all(=everything)等词后面。

Not much else is known. 其他的不很清楚。

There was little else he could do. 他再没有别的什么可做了。

We don’t know much else about his life. 对他生平别的方面我们知道很少。

2) 常用在-one, -body, -thing, -place, -where 结尾的不定代词后面。

Have you anything else to do? 你还有别的什么事要做吗?
Ask somebody else to help you. 请别人帮帮你吧。

You can’t get it anywhere else. 你在任何别的地方都找不到它。

He has nothing else to do today. 我今天没有别的事要干。

3) 常用在who, what, where, how, why 等疑问词后面。

Who else was at the party? 晚会上还有谁?
Where else did you go?你还去过什么别的地方?
But what else can we do? 我们还能做什么?
(2) other为形容词“别的，其他的”。

作代词用时，前面可加the / any /some等或用作复数。

例如：He is taller than any other brothers. 他比其他几个兄弟都高。

(3) the other意为“另一个人，另一个东西”，指两者中另外的一个。

例如：
I have two books. One is an English book, the other is a Chinese book.
我有两本书，一本是英语书，另一本是中文书。

5. hope
hope意为“希望”，用于表示有可能实现的愿望，其后可接不定式，即：hope to do sth. 意为“希望(自己) 做某事”；若表达“希望别人做某事”时则需用hope + that从句，不能用hope sb. to do sth.的结构。

例如：
I hope you can pass the exam. 我希望你能通过考试。

I hope to go to Tibet some day in the future. 我希望将来有一天去西藏。

6. carry /take/ bring
这三个词都和“拿、取”有关，但要注意三者之间的区别：
（1）carry意为“提、扛、搬、携带”，意思较多，但没有方向性。

例如：
Will you please carry the box for me? 你替我扛那个箱子好吗？
Li Dong is carrying water. 李东在提水。

（2）take意为“带走”，指把某物或某人从说话的地方带到另一个地方去，也可以说是“由近及远”，常和介词to构成搭配。

例如：
You can take this book home. 你可以把这本书带回家。

Can you help me take the books to the classroom? 你能帮我把这些书带到教室去吗？
（3）bring意为“带来，拿来”，指把某物或某人从另一个地方带到说话的地方来，也可以说是“由远及近”。

例如：
Bring me your dictionary tomorrow. 明天把你的词典给我拿来。

7. need
(1) need作实义动词，意为“需要，必然”，有人称、时态及数的变化。

例如：
sb./ sth. 需要某人/某物
need + to do sth.需要做某事
doing 需要（被）做
例如：
He needs some help. 他需要些帮助。

You didn’t need to come so early. 你不必来这么早。

The flowers need watering. 花需要浇水。

(2) need也可作情态动词，意为“需要，必须”，没有人称、数和时态的变化，后接动词原形，多用于否定句和疑问句中。

例如：
He need not go at once. 他不必立刻走。

Need he go at once? 他必须立刻走吗？
用must提问的句子，其否定回答常用needn’t。

例如：
— Must he hand in his homework this morning? 他必须今天上午交作业吗？
—No, he needn’t. 不，不必了。

【拓展】
need to do和need doing的辨析：
need to do sth.意为“需要干某事”，是自己主动去干某事；need doing其主语是物，含有被动的意义，相当于need to be done。

例如：
The student needs to do his homework as soon as he gets home.
那个学生需要一回家就做家庭作业。

My computer needs repairing. 我的电脑需要修理。

8. not only…but also…
(1) not only...but also…的意思是“不但……而且……”，连接两个并列成分，如果连接两个主语的时
候，谓语动词和also后面的主语保持一致。

例如：
Not only my mother but also I like to go to the garden.
不仅妈妈而且我也喜欢去公园。

(2) 以not only…but also 开头的句子往往引起倒装。

Not only did he complain about the food, but he refused to pay for it.
他不仅抱怨饭不好吃，而且拒绝付饭钱。

9. take / pay / spend / cost
I spent 3 hours (in) doing /on my homework yesterday. 昨天我花了三个小时做作业。

It took me four hours to go to Wuhan by bus. 乘公共汽车去武汉花了我四个小时。

I paid six yuan for the pen. 我花了六元钱买这支笔。

My English book cost me five yuan. 我的英语书花了我五元钱。

10. receive/accept
两个词都作动词用，都表示“接受，收到”之意，但在用法上有所不同。

(1) receive表示的行为与主观意愿没有关系，着重于行为本身，不涉及收到者是否同意。

动作本身有一定的被动性。

receive是及物动词，其后可接介词from。

例如：
I received a letter from my mother. 我收到母亲的一封来信。

(2) accept表示的行为由主语的主观意志所决定，强调经过主语的考虑而接受。

动作本身是主动的。

例如：
I received his invitation to the party yesterday, but I refused to accept it.
昨天我收到了他的晚会请柬，但我拒绝接收。

词汇精练
I. 英汉互译。

1. 小心___________________________
2. from now on ___________________________
3. 与某人相处融洽___________________________
4. ready to do sth. ___________________________
5. go over ___________________________
6. 和某人交朋友___________________________
7. in the future ___________________________
8. 成为现实___________________________
9. 试穿___________________________
10. in the middle of ___________________________
II. 根据句意及首字母提示补全单词。

1. I often f____________ my things in the lost and found box.
2. H____________ of students are having a sports meeting on the playground.
3. There are many flowers and trees in our school, so it is very b____________.
4. Don’t w____________ about it. I can help you.
5. The girl is looking f____________ to the summer holiday because she wants to go hiking.
6. He likes lying on the b____________ and enjoy the sun and the sea.
7. Please help me. I n____________ your help.
8. This shirt is too expensive. I’d like the c____________ one.
9. Eating more f____________ vegetables is good for our health.
10. Jackie Chan is f____________ as an action movie star.
III. 用所给单词的适当形式填空。

1. — ____________(who) shirt is this?
—It’s John’s.
2. My grandfather loves reading books. He has about five ____________(hundred) books in the room.
3. She can run ____________(real) fast.
4. Mum promised ____________ (buy) a toy on my birthday.
5. I’m looking forward to ____________(have) a party at home.
6. I’m going to ____________(stay) in bed on the morning of this Sunday.
7. ____________(fly) is very interesting but it’s also very expensive.
8. Everyone ____________(study) hard in my class.
9. Can you tell me how ____________(get) there?
10. It’s easy ____________(learn) to sing the English song.
IV.听力链接。

（2015 浙江嘉兴中考）
1．What sport does Johnny like?
A．Basketball．B．Football．C．V olleyball．
2．Which bus goes to the museum?
A．The No．10 bus．B．The No．15 bus．C．The No．20 bus．
3．What is the man probably planning to do?
A．To eat less．B．To do exercise．C．To see the doctor．
4．How did the man tell his uncle their new address?
A．By phone．B．By letter．C．By e-mail．
5．What is the man’s job?
A．A teacher．B．A doctor．C．A reporter．
参考答案
I．英汉互译。

1. be careful with
2. 从现在开始
3. get on well with
4. 乐意做某事
5. 复习
6. make friends with sb.
7. 在未来
8. come true
9. try on 10. 在……中间
II. 根据句意及首字母提示补全单词。

1. find
2. Hundreds
3. beautiful
4. worry
5. forward
6. beach
7. need
8. cheap
9. fresh 10. famous
III. 用所给单词的适当形式填空。

1. Whose
2. hundred
3. really
4. to buy
5. having
6. stay
7. Flying
8. studies
9. to get 10. to learn
IV. 听力链接。

听下面5段小对话，每段对话后有一个小题。

请从A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳答案。

每段对话仅读一遍。

1．A 2．B 3．B 4．C 5．A
1．W：Do you like basketball，Johnny?
M：Yes，I’m on the school team．
2．W：Excuse me，does this bus go to the museum?
M：Sorry．The No. 15 bus goes there．
3．W：Dad，you are getting fat．You must do exercise every day．
M：Yes，Dear．The doctor also says I should do that．
4．W：Tom，did you tell your uncle our new address?
M：Yeah，I sent him an e-mail yesterday．
5．W：Michael，are you still working for the newspaper?
M：No．I’m teaching in a college now．
句式精讲
1. I’m sure everybody would like…
“I’m sure (that) + 从句”表示“我确信……”。

that后接宾语从句，that可以省略。

例如：
I’m sure (that) I can do the work well. 我确信我能够做好这项工作。

【拓展】
sure的其他用法：
(1) “be sure to do sth.”意为“一定，肯定”，往往表示说话人的一种推测或判断，主语可以是人，也可以是物。

例如：
It’s sure to rain tomorrow. 明天一定会下雨。

(2) be sure of/about表示主语“相信”或“对……有把握”，后接名词、代词或动词-ing形式，主语必须是人。

例如：
He is sure of success.= He is sure that he will succeed. 他自信会取得成功。

2. …make our classroom beautiful.
make在此作使役动词，意为“使……；让……”讲，常构成make + 宾语(sb./sth.) + 形容词/名词（作宾补），即make sb. / sth. + adj./n.。

例如：
What he said makes us happy. 他所说的话使我们很高兴。

We made John our monitor. 我们选约翰当班长。

【拓展】
(1) make作使役动词，还可后接省略to的动词不定式，即：make sb. do sth. 意为“使/让某人做某事”，类似的动词还有let，have等。

例如：
The boss made them work for long time. 老板让他们长时间工作。

They made us forget past. 他们使我们忘记了过去。

(2) make作动词，意为“制作”，其后常接名词或代词。

make sth for sb=make sb sth 表示“为某人制作某物”。

例如：
My father sometimes makes me a kite. = My father sometimes makes a kite for me.
我的父亲有时给我做风筝。

3. It’ll be cheap to do sth.
本句运用了“It is/was/will be + adj.+ to do sth.”的结构，意为“做某事是……的”，to do sth.为句子的真正的主语，而it为形式主语，形式主语不能用别的词来代替，句中可在形容词后加for sb.，意为“对于某人来说，做某事是……的”。

例如：
It’s important for us to learn a foreign language. 对我们来说，学习一门外语是相当重要的。

It’s necessary for us to eat more fruit and vegetables. 对我们来说，多吃蔬菜和水果是必要的。

【拓展】
(1) “It’s + 形容词+ that从句”结构，it为形式主语，真正的主语是that从句。

例如：
It’s good that you help me. 你帮助我真好。

(2) “It’s + 名词+ to do sth.”结构。

例如：
It’s a good idea to plant trees in spring. 在春天栽树是一个好主意。

4. Could you tell me how to get to the National Stadium?
本句是一个问路的句型，could表示委婉的语气，不表示一般过去时态。

例如：
Could you tell me the way to the cinema? 你能告诉我去电影院的路吗？
【拓展】常见的问路的表达方式：
(1) Excuse me. Is there a hospital near here? 打扰一下，这附近有医院吗？
(2) Excuse me. Could you tell me the way to the police station?
打扰一下，你能告诉我去警察局的路吗？
(3) Excuse me. How can I get to the History Museum, please?
打扰一下，请问我怎样能到历史博物馆？
(4) Excuse me. Where is the Blue Sky Hotel? 打扰一下，请问蓝天大酒店在哪儿？
(5) Excuse me. Which is the way to the park, please? 打扰一下，请问哪条路是去公园的？
(6) Excuse me. Where is the nearest post office? 打扰一下，请问最近的邮局在哪里？
5. Go across Dong Chang’an Jie.
此句是一个祈使句，祈使句是一种重要的句子类型，它用来表示请求、命令、叮嘱、劝告等语气，它的主语you（听话人）通常省略。

根据祈使句句首单词的特点，可以把祈使句分为三类：
(1) V型祈使句，即以动词原形开头的祈使句。

例如：
Listen to me, please. 请听我说。

(2) B型祈使句：即以连系动词be开头的祈使句。

Be quiet, please. 请安静。

(3) L型祈使句：即let sb. + 动词原形。

例如：
Let’s play volleyball. 让我们打排球吧。

【注意】祈使句在构成否定句时，通常在动词原形前加don’t。

口诀：
祈使句，祈使句，请求，命令或建议；
动词原形来开头，主语是you常省去；
若要构成否定句，句首Don’t 别客气；
要使语气更委婉，please前后均可以。

句式精练
I. 完成句子，每空一词。

1. 我正在找我的书包。

I _____________ _____________ _____________ my bag.
2. 我确信你们想要一个干净的房间。

_____________ _____________ _____________ you would like a clean room.
3. 我们能让我们的家乡美丽富裕。

We can _____________ our hometown _____________ and rich.
4. 我妹妹打算下午去上钢琴课。

My sister _____________ _____________ to have _____________ _____________ _____________ this afternoon.
5. 我们打算下周去海南观光旅游。

We’re going to _____________ _____________ _____________ in Hainan next week.
6. 将来的生活会是什么样子？
_____________ _____________ life _____________ _____________ in the future?
7. 这些蔬菜看起来很新鲜。

The vegetables _____________ _____________.
8. 其次，购物通常需要花很长时间。

_____________, shopping usually _____________ a lot of time.
9. 我会通过邮寄的方式把礼物送给你。

I will _____________ the present _____________ you by post.
10. 沿着这条路走，然后你就能看到一个地铁站。

_____________ _____________ the street and _____________ _____________ an underground station.
II. 句型转换，每空一词。

1. These are Jack’s books. (对划线部分提问)
_____________ _____________ are these?
2. They can sing the English song. (改为一般疑问句，并作肯定回答)
— _____________ _____________ _____________ the English song?
— Yes, _____________ _____________.
3. She is good at running. (改为同义句)
She does _____________ _____________ running.
4. He’s going to meet John in the park. (改为否定句)
He _____________ _____________ _____________ meet John in the park.
5. There is a school meeting on the playground. (用this afternoon改写)
There is _____________ _____________ _____________ a school meeting on the playground this afternoon.
6. It will be windy next Monday. (改为否定句)
It _____________ _____________ windy next Monday.
7. He will see his parents twice a week. (对划线部分提问)
_____________ _____________ will he see his parents?
8. I need two boxes of chocolate. (对划线部分提问)
_____________ _____________ _____________ of chocolate do you need?
9. Lisa spends two hours finishing her homework. (改为同义句)
_____________ _____________ Lisa two hours _____________ _____________ her homework.
10. Go past the zoo, and you can find the cinema. (改为同义句)
_____________ the zoo, and you can find the cinema.
III. 补全对话。

A: Excuse me, sir? Where is the nearest hotel?
B: 1. ___________________. You may ask that policeman over there.
A: Thank you all the same.
(The man goes to the policeman.)
A: Excuse me, 2._____________________?
C: No, there isn’t a hotel near here, but there is one near the Bank of China.
A: 3. ____________________?
C: It’s about two kilometers away.
A: 4. _____________________?
C: You’d better take a taxi, because it’s so late and there aren’t any buses now.
A: 5. _____________________.
IV.从下面方框中选择适当的单词填入短文空格内（每词限用一次）。

Tom and his sister Amy are students. Tom takes a 1 to school every day, and Amy
does too. Some of 2 friends walk to school. Tom and Amy 3 home at four o’clock in the afternoon. They do their 4 before dinner, and they play computer games 5 dinner. They usually go to 6 early in the evening. Tom and Amy have 7 meals(餐，饭) a day: breakfast, lunch and dinner. They have breakfast 8 home. On school days, they have lunch at school.
They usually 9 dinner at home. Their father comes home from 10 at six and
their mother cooks dinner at seven.
参考答案
I. 完成句子，每空一词。

1. am looking for
2. I am sure/I’m sure that
3. make; beautiful
4. is going; a piano lesson
5. do some sightseeing
6. What will; be like
7. look fresh
8. Second; takes
9. send; to 10. Go along; you’ll see
II. 句型转换，每空一词。

1. Whose books
2. Can they sing; they can
3. well in
4. isn’t going to
5. going to be
6. won’t be
7. How ofte n
8. How many boxes
9. It takes; to finish 10. Pass
III. 补全对话。

1. E
2. B
3. D
4. C
5. A
IV.从下面方框中选择适当的单词并用其正确形式填入短文空格内（每词限用一次）。

1. bus
2. their
3. get
4. homework
5. after
6. bed
7. three
8. at
9. eat 10. work。