初中英语介词用法总结与归纳
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初中英语介词用法总结与归纳
摘要
介词是英语中一种重要的词类,它用来表示名词或代词与其他句子成分的关系,通常位于名词或代词之前。
介词可以分为简单介词和复合介词两种,常见的简单介词有at, in, on, for, to, from, by, with等,常见的复合介词有in front of, because of, instead of, by means of等。
介词的用法很多,本文将根据不同的场合和意义,归纳总结初中英语中常用的介词用法,并给出相应的例句和表格,帮助读者掌握和运用介词。
一、表示时间的介词
表示时间的介词有at, in, on, before, after, by, until, till, for, during, since等,它们的用法如下:
介词用法例句
at表示时刻、时间点、节日、夜晚等at six o'clock at noon
at Christmas at night
in表示年、月、季节、上午、下午、晚上等
in 2023
in July
in winter
in the morning
on表示具体的某一天、某一天的上午、下午、晚上等
on Monday
on July 1st
on Monday morning
before表示在……之前
before noon before the exam
after表示在……之后after school after lunch
by表示在……之前(截止时间)
by tomorrow
by the end of this month
until/till表示直到……为止(持续时间)
until/till next week until/till he comes back
for表示持续时间(多久)
for two hours for a long time
during表示在……期间(什么时候)during the summer vacation during the meeting
since表示从……开始(起点时间)
since last year since he was born
二、表示地点的介词
表示地点的介词有in, on, at, to, from, across, along, around, behind, beside等,它们的用法如下:
介词用法例句
in表示在某个范围内,或在某个国家、城市、街道等较大的地方in China
in Beijing
介词用法例句
in Zhongshan
Road
on表示在某个表面上,或在某个楼层、台阶等较小的地方,或在某个方位上
on the wall on the second
floor
on the left/right
at 表示在某个具体的位置或地点,或在某个机构、场所等较小的地方,或表示靠
近、附近等
at the corner
at school
at the bus stop
to表示朝向某个方向或地点,或表示到达某个地点(范围之外)to the east to Japan to school
from表示从某个地点出发或离开(范围之外)
from home from Shanghai from China
across表示横穿或穿过(从一边到另一边)across the street across the river
along表示沿着或顺着(在一边)along the road along the river
around表示围绕或环绕(在四周)
around the lake around the world
behind表示在……后面behind the door behind him
beside表示在……旁边beside the window beside her
三、表示方向的介词
表示方向的介词有to, from, into, out of, onto, off, up, down, through等,它们的用法如下:介词用法例句
to表示朝向某个方向或地点,或表示目的地
He is going to Beijing. She gave the book to me.
from表示从某个方向或地点出发或离开,或表示来源
He came from the south. This is a gift from my friend.
into表示进入某个范围或空间(由外到内)
He jumped into the water. She put the flowers into the vase.
out of表示离开某个范围或空间(由内到外)
He ran out of the room. She took the book out of the bag.
onto表示移动到某个表面上(由低到高)
He climbed onto the roof. She threw the ball onto the ground.
off表示从某个表面上移开(由高到低)
He fell off the bike. She took off her hat.
up表示向上移动(由低到高)He went up the hill.
介词用法例句
She climbed up the ladder.
down表示向下移动(由高到低)He came down the stairs. She slid down the slide.
through表示穿过某个空间或物体(从一端到另一端)
He walked through the forest. She looked through the window.
四、表示方式、手段、工具的介词
表示方式、手段、工具的介词有by, with, in, on等,它们的用法如下:
介
词用法例句
by 表示交通工具、方式、方法等,或表示被动语态的动作执行者,或表示时间的截止
点,或表示计量单位等
by bus
by mistake
by him
by tomorrow
by weight
with 表示使用某种工具、器具、材料等,或表示伴随的人或物,或表示具有某种特征、状
态等,或表示原因、理由等
with a knife
with his
parents
with long hair
with joy
in 表示使用某种语言、文字、颜色等,或表示穿着某种衣服,或表示处于某种状态、情
况等,或表示在某种范围内等
in English
in black and
white
in a red dress
in a hurry
in general
on 表示使用某种电子设备、媒体等,或表示依靠某种力量、条件等,或表示以某种方式
等,或表示参与某种活动等
on TV
on foot
on fire
on duty
on holiday
五、表示原因、目的、结果的介词
表示原因、目的、结果的介词有for, at, from, of, with, by, because of, owing to, thanks to, out of, through等,它们的用法如下:
介词用法例句
for 表示原因、理由,常与sorry, famous, punish, praise, thank, blame等连用,
也表示目的、意图,常与hope, wish, wait, look, come, go等连用,也可以表
示用途、功能等
for peace
for help
for a walk
for fun
for cutting paper
at表示目的、意图,常与surprised, shocked, amazed, good, bad等连用,也可
以表示针对、针对性等at his words at the news at math
介词用法例句
at solving
problems
from 表示结果、效果,常与different, far, free, safe等连用,也可以表示来源、出
发点等
from the picture
from now on
from danger
from birth
of 表示原因、理由,常与afraid, proud, sure, tired等连用,也可以表示所属、
属性、特征等
of the dark
of him
of the result
of his work
with 表示原因、理由,常与pleased, satisfied, angry, happy等连用,也可以表示
伴随、方式、工具等
with the answer
with him
with a smile
with a knife
by 表示方式、方法、手段等,也可以表示被动语态的动作执行者,或表示时间
的截止点,或表示计量单位等
by doing this
by him
by tomorrow
by weight
because
of 表示原因、理由,相当于一个从句,后面接名词或代词等
because of the
rain
because of that
owing to表示原因、理由,相当于一个从句,后面接名词或代词等owing to the traffic
jam
owing to his
illness
thanks to表示原因、理由,含有感激或讽刺的意味,后面接名词或代词等thanks to your
help thanks to his carelessness
out of表示原因、理由,含有出于某种动机或感情的意味,后面接名词或代词等out of curiosity out of pity
through表示原因、理由,含有经过某种过程或方式的意味,后面接名词或代词等through hard work through a window
六、表示对象、范围的介词
表示对象、范围的介词有of, for, about, with, to, from, among, between等,它们的用法如下:介词用法例句
of表示所属、属性、特征等,也可以表示分离、脱离等the color of the sky
a cup of tea
a friend of mine
get rid of it
for表示目标、对象、受益者等,也可以表示目的、原因等 a gift for you
a seat for two
a doctor for the poor
a room for rent
about表示主题、内容、话题等,也可以表示大约、左右等a book about history tell me about yourself about ten minutes
with表示伴随、陪同等,也可以表示方式、工具等
stay with me
a man with glasses speak with a loud voice cut it with a knife
to表示方向、目的地等,也可以表示对象、接受者等
go to school fly to London say hello to him give it to her
from表示来源、出发点等,也可以表示对象、对比者等
come from China
a letter from my father different from you
learn from him
among表示在三个或三个以上的人或物之间(内部)share it among yourselves a flower among the grass
between表示在两个人或物之间(内部或外部)
sit between them
a river between two mountains
七、其他常用的介词
除了上述介词外,还有一些其他常用的介词,如as, like, except, without, beyond, above, below, over, under等,它们的用法如下:
介词用法例句
as表示身份、职业、角色等,也可以表示方式、方法、程度等as a teacher as usual as you know as well as
like表示相似、类似等,也可以表示喜欢、喜爱等
like a bird
like father, like son
I like music.
except表示除……之外(不包括)
everyone except me every day except Sunday
without表示没有、缺少等without money without water without a word
beyond表示超出、超过等
beyond the wall beyond my expectation beyond control
above表示在……之上(不接触)above the ground above sea level
above all
below表示在……之下(不接触)below the surface below zero below average
over表示在……之上(覆盖或接触)over the bridge over his head over the phone
under表示在……之下(覆盖或接触)
under the tree under his arm under the weather。