高二英语人教版必修五讲义UNIT4SECTIONⅢGRAMMAR—倒装

[语法初识]
原句感知自主探究1.Here es my list of of “dos〞and “don'ts〞．
2．Never will Zhou Yang forget his first
assignment at the office of a popular English newspaper.
3．They have a good knowledge of English but little do they know about German. 4．Only then did I realize I was wrong. 5．Only by shouting was he able to make himself heard.
6．Only when you have seen what he or she does, can you cover a story by yourself. 7．Only if you ask many different questions will you acquire all the information you need to know.
8．So fast did he run that I couldn't follow him. (1)倒装句有两种状况：一种为全部倒装；一种为局部倒装。

例句1为全部倒装；其余为局部倒装。

(2)否认副词(如never, neither, nor, little, hardly 等)位于句首时，句子常用局部倒装。

例句2、3就属于这类状况。

(3)only后接状语(可为单个副词、介词短语，也可为从句)位于句首时，句子常用局部倒装。

如例句4、5、6、7。

(4)例句8为so ... that ...结构。

假设“so ＋形容词/副词〞位于句首时，主句要用局部倒装。

[语法剖析]
语法点一倒装的定义和种类
某一局部或其他缘由，谓语需要全部或局部移到主语的前面，这种语序叫倒装。

而倒装语序又分为完全倒装和局部倒装。

完全倒装整个谓语都在主语之前
Here es the bus.
公共汽车来了。

1．将
run等，且主语为名词时，用完全倒装。

There happened an event in the hotel.
旅馆里发生了一件事。

2．表示运动方向的副词out, in, up, down, away等置于句首，谓语是表示运动的动词，且主语为名词时，句子要用完全倒装。

The door opened and in came the headmaster.
门开了，校长走了进来。

3．such作表语，置于句首，意为“……就是如此〞。

Such is our lively city, which you are wele to visit whenever at your convenience.
这就是我们这座布满活力的城市，只要您便利，随时欢送来参观。

4．表示地点的介词短语位于句首或强调地点概念或为保持句子平衡，且句子的谓语是表示存在意义的动词(lie, stand, exist, live, sit等)时，要用完全倒装。

In a lecture hall of a university in England sits a professor.
在英格兰的一所高校的报告厅里坐着一位教授。

5．作表语的形容词、分词或介词短语位于句首时，要用“表语＋连系动词＋主语〞结构。

Present at the meeting were some scientists from China.
很多来自中国的科学家出席了会议。

[点津](1)在完全倒装句式中，谓语动词的数要与后面主语的数全都。

(2)完全倒装的主语必需是名词，假设主语是人称代词那么不用倒装。

[助记]巧记完全倒装
副介开头全倒装，遇到代词那么照常。

方位方式别遗忘，上下进出往前放。

there, here用得上，时间挨次句首放。

表语句首主语长，句子平衡需倒装。

即时演练1
用倒装结构完成句子
①There_goes the last bus.
最终一班公共汽车开走了。

②Sitting_in_front_of_the_house_was a little girl.
一个小女孩坐在房子的前面。

③Out_rushed the boys when the bell rang.
铃一响，男孩子们就冲出去了。

④Such_is_Helen,_an easy-going girl.
这就是Helen，一个很随和的女孩。

⑤To my great surprise, there at the door stood_a_girl trembling in wet clothes.
让我很惊讶的是，门口站着一个正在颤抖的女孩，衣服湿透了。

1．“so/nor/neither＋助动词/be动词/情态动词＋主语〞结构为局部倒装。

He can swim and so can I.
他会游泳，我也会。

The headmaster will not permit the change in the course, nor will he even give it a thought.
校长既不会允许课程上的变革，也不会对其予以考虑。

2．将never, hardly, seldom, scarcely, barely, little, not, nowhere, by no means, in no way, at no time, in no case等表示否认或半否认意义的词或词组置于句首时，句子要用局部倒装。

Seldom does he read in his free hours.
他空余时间很少看书。

Never will you achieve anything if you spend your time that way.
你假设总是这样消磨时间，就永久不会有所成就。

3．not only ... but also ...引导两个并列分句，not only置于句首时，not only所在的分句需用倒装，but also所在的分句不用倒装；而neither ... nor ...引导两个并列分句时，两个分句都需要倒装。

I suggested not only should he go to the meeting but also give a speech there.
我建议他不但要参与这次会议，而且还要在那做报告。

4．含有no sooner ... than, hardly ... when, scarcely ... when的主从复合句中，no sooner, hardly, scarcely所在的主句倒装，than, when所在的从句不倒装。

Hardly had Mike picked up the ball when another player took it from him.
麦克刚接过球，另一名球员就从他那儿抢走了。

No sooner had I got home than it began to rain.
我刚一到家天就开头下雨了。

5．“only＋副词/介词短语/状语〞位于句首时，句子用局部倒装。

“only＋状语从句〞位于句首时，主句用局部倒装。

Only then did I realize that I had failed.
只是到了那时，我才意识到我失败了。

(2015·湖南高考)Only after talking to two students did I discover that having strong motivation is one of the biggest factors in reaching goals.
只有与这两个同学谈话之后我才意识到有着强大的动力是到达目标的关键因素之一。

(2015·天津高考)Only when Lily walked into the office did she realize that she had left the contract at home.
当莉莉走进办公室时，她才意识到她把合同落在家里了。

6．当as/though表示“尽管〞引导让步状语从句时，要把强调的表语、谓语动词、状语放在主语之前。

Important as/though regular exercise is, it's never a good idea to exercise too close to bedtime.
尽管定期熬炼是很重要的，但是快要睡觉的时候熬炼不是一个好办法。

7．not until放于句首时，主句使用局部倒装句式。

Not until the rain stopped did he leave the room.
雨停了之后他才离开这房间。

8．虚拟条件句中，把if引导的条件从句中的were, had, should提前，并省去if，也可构成局部倒装结构。

Were it to rain, the crops would be saved.
假设下雨，庄稼就有救了。

9．在so ... that ...和such ... that ...句型中，把“so＋形容词或副词〞或把“such＋名词短语〞放于句首时，主句使用局部倒装句式。

So fast does he run that he is far ahead of others.
他跑得如此快，以至于远远领先于其他人。

[助记]巧记局部倒装
only修饰副介状，位于句首半倒装；
否认意义副连词，位于句首须倒装；
so和such放句首，引起主谓要倒装；
not only开头句，前一分句须倒装；
had， were， should虚拟句，省略if半倒装。

即时演练2
把下面句子改为倒装句
①She has never seen anybody play tennis so well before.
→Never_before_has_she_seen_anybody_play_tennis_so_well.
②He realized it was the same place he'd been in last year only when he arrived.
→Only_when_he_arrived_did_he_realize_it_was_the_same_place_he'd_been_in_last_year.
③Though the night air was hot, we slept deeply.
→Hot_though_the_night_air_was,_we_slept_deeply.
④This is not my story, and it is not the whole story, either.
→This_is_not_my_story,_nor_is_it_the_whole_story._
⑤If you should succeed, you would bee pretty rich and popular.
→Should_you_succeed,_you_would_bee_pretty_rich_and_popular.
⑥She performed so well that she won the first prize.
→So_well_did_she_perform_that_she_won_the_first_prize.
[链接高考]
补全以下倒装句
1．(2016·江苏高考)Not until recently did_they_encourage the development of tourist-related activities in the rural areas.
直到最近他们才鼓舞在农村地区开展与旅游业有关的活动。

2．(2014·大纲卷)Not_only_do the nurses want a pay increase, they want reduced hours as well.
护士们不仅要求提高工资，还要求缩短工作时间。

3．(2014·湖南高考)Only when you can find peace in your heart will_you_keep good relationships with others.
唯有找到内心的安静，方能维持人际关系的和谐。

4．(2014·福建高考)Were_there/Should_there_be no modern telemunications, we would have to wait for weeks to get news from around the world.
要不是有现代化的电讯，我们就不得不等好几个星期才能得到来自世界各地的消息。

5．(2014·陕西高考)No sooner had_Mo_Yan stepped on the stage than the audience broke into thunderous applause.
莫言一登上台，观众就发出了雷鸣般的掌声。

6．(2013·江苏高考)“Never for a second，〞the boy says, “did_I_doubt that my father would e to my rescue.〞
男孩说：“我从不疑心我父亲会来救我。

〞
7．(2013·福建高考)Not until he went through real hardship did_he_realize the love we have for our families is important.
直到他经受了真正的困难，他才意识到我们对家庭的爱是重要的。

8．(2013·湖南高考)Not once did_it_occur to Michael that he could one day bee a top student in his class.
迈克尔从来也没想过他会成为班里的优等生。

9．(2013·全国卷Ⅱ)Only by increasing the number of doctors by 50 percent can_the_patients_be_treated properly in this hospital.
只有将医生的数量增加50%，这家医院的病人才能得到适当治疗。

10．(2013·江西高考)Only when he apologizes for his rudeness will_I_speak to him again.
只有他为他的粗鲁抱歉，我才会跟他讲话。

[针对演练]
Ⅰ.句型转换(改为倒装句)
1．Tom didn't go to the party. His sister didn't go to the party either.
→Tom_didn't_go_to_the_party,_neither_did_his_sister_go.
2．He not only helped me out of difficulty, but he also offered me a part-time job.
→Not_only_did_he_help_me_out_of_difficulty,_but_he_also_offered_me_a_part-time_job.
3．Tom seldom speaks to others in a rude manner.
→Seldom_does_Tom_speak_to_others_in_a_rude_manner.
4．You will be able to make progress only if you put your heart into your study.
→Only_if_you_put_your_heart_into_your_study_will_you_be_able_to_make_progress.
5．We can give up our plans by no means.
→By_no_means_can_we_give_up_our_plans.
6．He was hurt so seriously in the accident that he was sent to hospital at once.
→So_seriously_was_he_hurt_in_the_accident_that_he_was_sent_to_hospital_at_once.
7．A big tree with a history of more than 1,500 years stands just at the foot of the mountain.
→Just_at_the_foot_of_the_mountain_stands_a_big_tree_with_a_history_of_more_than_1,50 0_years.
8．He did not regret not having worked harder until he failed in the final test.
→Not_until_he_failed_in_the_final_test_did_he_regret_not_having_worked_harder.
9．On hearing the shot of gun, all the birds flew away from the tree.
→On_hearing_the_shot_of_gun,_away_flew_all_the_birds_from_the_tree.
10．Though he is disabled, he tries his best to make a living by himself.
→Disabled_though_he_is,_he_tries_his_best_to_make_a_living_by_himself.
Ⅱ.补全以下倒装句
1．There_stands_a_tower on the top of the mountain.
山顶上有座塔。

2．So angry was_he that he couldn't speak.
他生气地一句话也说不出来。

3．After that we never saw her again. Nor did_we_hear_from her.
在那之后我们再也没有见过她，也没收到她的信。

4．No_sooner_had_the_petition_begun than an unexpected accident happened.
竞赛刚开头，一起意料不到的事故发生了。

5．At no time should_you_inform_her_of this secret.
你肯定不应当告知她这个隐秘。

6．Not until Jane got off the bus did_she_find_her_wallet_missing.
直到珍妮下了公共汽车，她才发觉她的钱包不见了。

7．On either side of the great avenue stand_many_buildings.
这条大街的两侧都屹立着很多大楼。

8．Up_went_the_arrow into the air.
弓箭直射向空中。

9．Only in this way can_you_learn_English_well.
只有这样，你才能学好英语。

10．Tired_as_he_was,_he stayed up late.
虽然很疲乏，他还是熬夜到很晚。

Ⅲ.短文改错
It was on a warm autumn day that my father and I walk into my new high school.After registered in the classroom, the volunteer took me to my dormitory.Altogether I had five roommates, two of which arrived later.I got to know my new roommate immediately.Although I was quite unwilling to say “Goodbye〞to my father, but he had to leave to my hometown in the evening.I suddenly realized I had grown up and that I had to look after me and live independently.Not until then I know my senior high school life had real begun.
答案：第一句：walk→walked
其次句：registered→registering或after后加I; 其次个the→a
第三句：which→whom
第四句：roommate→roommates
第五句：去掉but; leave后的to→for 第六句：me→myself
第七句：then后加did; real→really。