高中英语虚拟语气练习附答案

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高中英语虚拟语气讲解及练习
虚拟条件句就是对现实条件的一种虚拟假设,所假设的条件一般不符合事实或与事实相反或在现实中发生的可能性极小。

根据时间的不同,虚拟条件句可分为三种,即与现在事实相反的虚拟条件句、与过去事实相反的虚拟条件句
(1)表示与现在事实相反
If I had enough money now, I would lend it to you.
(2)表示与过去事实相反
If he had taken your advice, he wouldn’t have made such a bad mistake.
(3)表示与将来事实相反
I would go shopping with you if it were to be Sunday tomorrow.
1. 虚拟条件句的倒装
在虚拟条件句中,为了强调所假设条件的虚拟性,或突出说话人的一种主观愿望,虚拟条件句可用倒装结构。

虚拟条件句的倒装是通过去掉if,把条件从句谓语中的助动词、情态动词或系动词放在句首实现的。

例如:Had I been(= If I had been ) in that situation, I would not have let the thief escape away with so much money.
Should there be (= If there should be) a drought, what should we do at that time ?
2. 错综时间条件句
有时条件从句的动作和主句的动作发生的时间并不一致,这时谓语动词的形式应根据它所要表示的具体时间来确定。

例如:
If we hadn’t been working hard in the past few years ,thing s wouldn’t be going so smoothly.
3. 含蓄条件句
有时假设的情况并不以条件从句的形式表现出来,而是通过某个介词或介词短语(如:with,otherwise,without,but for,in that position)、上下文或其它方式表现出来。

这种句子称为含蓄条件句。

例如:
But for the help from you , I would not have had the chance to go to college.
二、虚拟语气在某些从句中的运用
在某些词或短语后接的从句中要使用虚拟语气,表示愿望、建议或命令等。

根据虚拟语气的形式不同,虚拟语气可以分为“should类”和“过去时态类”。

(一)should类
这一类的虚拟语气是通过从句中的谓语动词使用“should +动词原形”体现出来的,should可以省略。

其具体运用体现在:
1. 在suggest , order, demand , propose, command, request, desire,insist等表示建议、命令、要求、意见的动词后接的宾语从句中要使用虚拟语气。

如:He suggests that she should leave the house at once.
The leader ordered that the task(should) be finished as soon as possible.
He proposed that we (should)deal with the problem by the view of development.
2. 与suggest,order,demand,propose,command,request,desire,insist等动词相对应的名词suggestion,order,demand,proposal等后的表语从句或同位语从句中要使用虚拟语气。

如:The general sent the order that the battle (should)be held on until the complete failure of the enemy.
My proposal is that we(should) set a deadline for handing in the plan.
3. 在It is/was suggested (ordered,demanded,proposed,etc.)结构以及necessary,essential,important,strange,natural等形容词后的主语从句中要使用虚拟语气。

如:
It’s requested that we (should)keep the stability of the society for the people’s peaceful life.
It is necessary that the badly wounded man(should) be treated immediately. (二)过去时态类
英语中,还有一些词或短语后接的从句或句子,也要使用虚拟语气,虚拟语气是通过句中的谓语使用过去的某种时态(如:一般过去时、过去完成时等)来体现的。

1. wish,would rather 后的宾语从句。

如:
He wished he had never been involved in such affairs.
I would rather you could teach me again.
2. as if,as though引导的从句。

如:
The little boy knows so many things as if he was a man.
He acted as usual as though nothing had happened.
3. 由if only (要是……,那该多好啊!)引导的惊叹句。

如:
If only I had passed the test!
If only it stopped raining!
4. It is(about/high) time 后的定语从句。

如:
It is time we went out for a walk.
It was high time they had begun to prepare the experiment.
三、虚拟语气的其它用法
在英语中,一些表示建议、请求、劝告、愿望、祈祷、祝福或诅咒的句子,也需要使用虚拟语气。

如:
Would you mind smoking here?
May you be lucky!
Long live the people of China!
God save me.
虚拟语气练习题
1.Had he picked up some Sichuan dialect when he studied with his classmates from Sichuan, he with the old local villagers tomorrow.
A.spoke B.could speak
C.could have spoken D.will speak
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】
考查虚拟语气。

句意:如果他在和来自四川的同学一起学习时学会了一些四川方言的话,明天他就能和当地的老村民进行交流了。

本句是错综时间条件句,省略了if的从句用了过去完成时,表示与过去事实相反的情况;而根据主句中表示将来的时间状语tomorrow可知,主句表示与将来事实相反的情况,谓语动词应用would/could/might/should do。

故选B 项。

2.Jack wasn’t saying anything, but the teacher smiled at him ________he had done something very clever.
A.as if B.in case
C.while D.though
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】
考查状语从句。

句意:Jack什么也没说,但老师向他笑了笑,好像他做了件聪明的事情一样。

A. as if好像;B. in case以防;C. while当……的时候;D. though尽管。

根据句意,空格处需要填入“好像,仿佛”。

故选A。

3. for the free tickets, I would not have gone to the films so often.
A.If it is not B.Were it not
C.Had it not been D.If it were to be
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】
考查虚拟语气。

句意:如果没有那些免费的票,我不会去影院这么频繁。

If虚拟条件句的否定(含蓄条件句)常考两个句型:If it weren’t for…和If it hadn’t been for…,其意为“若不是(有)”“要不是”。

从句中如果有助动词had, should或were时,可以省略if,而从句使用倒装语序。

故选C。

4.It is requested that the reporter ________ to blame for the wrong report.
A.referring to B.referring to as
C.referred to be D.referred to being
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】
试题分析:考查虚拟语气和过去分词做定语:句意:据要求被提到的记者要为错误的报告道歉。

refer to “提及”和reporter之间是被动关系,故用过去分词作定语。

request 是“要求”, It is requested that后加主语从句时从句用虚拟语气,should可以省略;谓语用be动词原形,省略should,所以选C。

考点:考查虚拟语气和过去分词做定语
5. it rain tomorrow, we would have to call off the hike.
A.Will B.Would C.Should D.Were
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】
试题分析:句意:如果明天下雨,我们将取消这次徒步旅行。

表示对将来情况的虚拟。

从句:①if+主语+were to do ②if+主语+should+do ③if+主语+过去式(be动词用were),主句:主语+should/would+do。

当虚拟条件句的谓语动词含有were,should,had时,if可以省略,这时条件从句要用倒装语序,即把were,should,had等词置于句首,选C。

考点:考查虚拟语气
6.—It's a pity that Andrew didn't want to go to the conference.
—________ willing to go,we could have paid all his expenses.
A.Had he been B.Being
C.Was he D.He had been
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】
A
解析考查虚拟语气与倒装。

根据第一句中的时态可知此处是对过去情况的虚拟,意思是“如果他愿意去,我们会支付他所有的费用”。

此处是省略了虚拟条件句中的if而引起的倒装,其正常语序应为“If he had been willing to go”。

7.Maybe if I ______ science, and not literature then, I would be able to give your more help. A.had studied B.would study C.studied D.was studying
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】
考查虚拟语气中错综时间条件句。

句意:也许如果我那时学的是科学而不是文学,我现就
能给你更多的帮助。

从句与过去事实相反,而主句与现在事实相反。

从句中有信息词then(那时),说明从句与过去事实相反,应使用had done。

故选A。

8.I can’t thank yo u _____much, because without your help I _____ have won the first place. A.too; wouldn’t B.very; shouldn’t
C.that; might not D.so; couldn’t
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】
考查常用句型和虚拟语气。

句意:我再怎么感谢你也不为过,因为要是没有你的帮助,我就不能赢得第一名。

not… too much都不过分;without your help这是一个条件,主干是对过去的虚拟,故选A。

【点睛】
虚拟语气是高中阶段的重要语法项目,需要考生牢记各种情况的虚拟语气的谓语动词的形式,并要有分析理解语境的能力。

即学即练:—I didn’t go to the movie last night because of the rain.
—What a pity! If I had got the ticket, I ________ it.
A. wouldn’t have missed
B. wouldn’t miss
C. didn’t miss
D. hadn’t missed
解析:A。

根据上一句last night可知,本句表示与过去事实相反,从句用过去完成时,主句用would have done结构。

9.Experts advised that parents ______ children from doing homework by using electronic equipment too much.
A.discouraged B.discourage
C.would discourage D.have discouraged
【答案】B
【解析】
【分析】
考查
【详解】
句意:专家建议,家长们不要让孩子们过多地使用电子设备来做作业。

此处是advise“建议”+that从句的用法,在that从句中用should+do形式的特殊用法,should可以省略,故选B项。

10.You _______ a higher score if you hadn’t repeated the same mistake. My suggestion is that _______and start all over again.
A.should have achieved; you must stay calm B.could have achieved; you stay calm
C.must have achieved; you should stay calm D.will have achieved; you must stay calm
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】
考查虚拟语气。

句意:如果你没有重复同样的错误,那么,你本来能得更高的分数。

我建议你保持冷静,重新开始。

第一句考查对过去的虚拟。

条件句用过去完成时态,主句用could/would/might have done 形式。

结合句意,第一空应填“could have done”,意为“本可以(能够)做某事”。

在第二句中,主语为“the suggestion(建议)”,其后的表语从句中,谓语动词应用(should) do形式的虚拟语气,故第二空填(should) stay calm。

综上,B选项切题。

11.The newly elected president required at the meeting that the problem ________ be solved before the National Day.
A.must B.need
C.can D.should
【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】
考查虚拟语气。

句意:新当选的总统在会议上要求这个问题在国庆节前必须解决。

require 表示“要求”之意时,后面跟宾语从句时,要用虚拟语气should +动词原形,should可以省略。

故选D。

【名师解析】should+动词原形的虚拟语气。

在表示“坚持”、“命令”、“建议”、“要求”等后的宾语从句要用虚拟语气。

这类动词主要有:“一个坚持(insist)、两个命令(order, command)、三个建议(advise, suggest, propose)、四个要求(demand, require, request, ask)”这类虚拟语气由“should+动词原形”构成,其中的should通常可以省略。


He insisted that I (should) go with them. 他坚持要我同他们一起去。

He ordered that it (should) be sent back. 他命令把它送回去。

The doctor advised [suggested] that he (should) not smoke. 医生建议他不要抽烟。

He requires that I (should) appear. 他要求我出场。

注:这类句子有时可用于被动结构,前面用先行词it作主语,代指后面的从句。

如:
It was proposed that this matter be discussed next time. 有人提议这事下次再讨论。

动词insist后接宾语从句时除可用虚拟语气外,也可用陈述语气。

两者的区别是若是谓语动词所表示的动作尚未发生或尚未成为事实,则用虚拟语气;若谓语动词所表示的动作已经发生或已经成为事实,则要用陈述语气。

比较:
He insisted that I had read his letter. 他坚持说我看过他的信。

He insisted that I should read his letter. 他坚持要我看他的信。

与动词insist相似,动词suggest后接宾语从句时除可用虚拟语气外,也可用陈述语气。

两者的区别是,若表示建议时用虚拟语气,此时suggest通常译为“建议”。

如果译成“表明,
暗示”时,则要用陈述语。

比较并体会。

He suggested that we (should) stay for dinner. 他建议我们留下吃饭。

What he said suggested that he was a cheat. 他说的话表明他是个骗子。

12.If you ___________ to my advice carefully, you wouldn’t have made such a terrible mistake. A.listened B.have listened
C.would listen D.had listened
【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】
考查虚拟语气。

句意:如果你仔细听我的建议,你就不会犯如此严重的错误了。

根据后面you wouldn’t have made such a terrible mistake.可知,表示与过去事实相反的假设,其结构为:从句(If+主语+had+过去分词),主句(主语+should/would+have+过去分词)。

故选D。

13.—I’m worried about the sports meet. Do you think it will be postponed?
—If it ______ rain tomorrow, but actually the weather forecast has removed our worry. A.could B.would
C.might D.Should
【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】
试题分析:考查虚拟语气。

从第二句后半句可知,明天不会下雨,因此判断为虚拟语气,而对将来的虚拟应用should + do,故选D。

句意,——我很担心明天的运动会,你觉得会被推迟吗?——如果明天下雨的话会,但事实上天气预报已经排除了这一担忧。

考点:考查定虚拟语气
14.— Did you hear about Zhang Lili who saved the kids from being run over by a school bus? — Yes. What do you think most people _____ if they were in a similar situation?
A.will do B.will have done. C.would do D.would have done 【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】
试题分析:本题考察的是if引导的条件句的虚拟语气,是对现在的情况的虚拟。

在条件句if中使用一般过去时,be动词使用were,在主句中使用“情态动词+动词原形”,情态动词为:would ,should ,could ,might。

句义:—你听说过为了挽救学生而被公交车撞到的张丽丽吗?—是的。

如果大部分人在相似的情况下,你认为他们会怎么做?故C正确。

考点:考察虚拟语气
15.He insisted that the problem requiring paying attention to at the meeting.
A.being discussed B.discuss
C.be discussed D.discussing
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】
考查词组和虚拟语气。

句意:他主张值得被注意的问题在开会的时候被讨论。

本题较为复杂。

首先,这句话的主干结构为:He insisted the problem be discussed at the meeting. 不难看出insist引导的宾语从句中要用“should do”,此处should省略了。

其次“ requiring paying attention to”作定语修饰problem,因此C正确。

16.Without your timely help during the accident, I ________ to the interview.
A.mustn’t have made it B.can’t make it
C.couldn’t have made it D.shouldn’t make it
【答案】C
【解析】
【分析】
【详解】
考查虚拟语气。

句意:在意外事故中没有你及时的帮助,我不可能及时赶上面试。

根据句中的“Without your timely help”考虑句子是一个含蓄的虚拟条件句,主句需要使用虚拟语气,结合句意判断是对过去情况的虚拟,需要使用would/could/should/might+have done的形式。

故选C。

17.When life gets hard and you want to give up, remember that life is full of ups and downs, and without the downs, the ups _________ nothing.
A.would mean B.would have meant
C.will mean D.had meant
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】
考查虚拟语气。

句意:当生活很艰难,你想要放弃的时候,请记住,生活充满了起起落落,如果没有低谷,那站在高处也失去了意义。

without the downs 是隐含的虚拟条件句,因为是和现在情况相反,用would mean 。

故A选项正确。

18.It was ordered that no smoking ___________ in the library.
A.be allowed B.would be allowed
C.was allowed D.has been allowed
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】
考查虚拟语气。

句意:图书馆规定不允许吸烟。

在It's ordered that……从句中用should 加动词原形,其中should可以省略。

故选A。

19.He________better last night,but he was a little nervous and didn’t reach his best standard. A.could perform B.must have performed
C.should perform D.could have performed
【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】
考查虚拟语气。

含蓄条件句,but表转折,表示与过去事实相反,主句使用“情态动词+have done”。

must have done表示对过去的肯定推测,could have done表示在过去本来能做某事。

句意:他昨晚本来能表演得更好,但他有点紧张,未能发挥他最好的水平。

故选D。

20.How I wish I to repair the watch! I only made it worse.
A.had tried B.hadn't tried
C.have tried D.didn't try
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】
考查虚拟语气。

句意:我多么希望我没有去修理那块表!我只让事情变得更糟了。

动词wish后接宾语从句时,从句谓语要用虚拟语气若表示与过去相反的愿望,从句谓语用过去完成时。

根据句意以及“made”可知,B选项正确。

【点睛】
wish后宾语从句用虚拟语气
动词wish后接宾语从句时,从句谓语要用虚拟语气。

1.若要表示与现在事实相反的愿望,从句谓语用一般过去时;2.若表示与过去相反的愿望,从句谓语用过去完成时;3.若表示将来没有把握或不太可能实现的愿望,用would (could)+动词原形。

本句符合第2点用法,故B选项正确。

21.--- Thank you for reminding me of the time, or I late for the flight yesterday.
--- Don’t mention it.
A.will have been B.would have been
C.must be D.could be
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】
考查虚拟语气。

句意:“谢谢你提醒我时间,否则昨天我要迟到了。

”“不客
气。

”would+have+done表示对过去事情的假设,意思是“本来会做”。

故B选项正确。

22.There is a real possibility that these animals could be frightened, ________ a sudden loud noise.
A.being there B.should there be
C.there was D.there having been
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】
考查虚拟语气和倒装句。

句意:如果突然有很大的响声,这些动物就真的有可能会受到惊吓。

本句是一个省略了if的虚拟条件句,并且是与将来相反,从句可以使用“should+动词原形”;原句为:If there should be a sudden loud noise, these animals could be frightened.。

故选B。

23.I would not be seeing the film Green Book now _____ me up in time.
A.were Kathy not to pick B.had Kathy not picked
C.if Kathy hasn’t picked D.if Kathy did not pick
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】
考查虚拟语气。

句意:要是Kathy没有及时接我,我现在就不会在看《绿皮书》了。

此处是描述的与过去事实相反的假设,从句应谓语动词使用过去完成时;当虚拟条件句中有had(助动词)/should/were时,可以省略if,将had(助动词)/should/were提前,构成倒装结构。

故B选项正确。

【点睛】
虚拟条件句往往指不能实现或纯假想的情况,可以对过去、现在或将来进行假想。

虚拟语气的本质就是对根本不可能的情况发生假设。

我们可以记住这样一个原则,即把时态向过去推一格。

一、对现在情况的虚拟
条件从句中谓语动词用一般过去式,主句用“would/should/might/could+动词原形”形式,表示对现在不可能实现情况的假想。

If I were you, I would choose to work in a small town.如果我是你,我会选择在小城镇工作。

(事实上我不是你)
If I had a map now, we could easily get out of the forest.如果现在有地图,我们能很容易地走出森林。

(事实上是现在没有地图)
注意:在条件从句中,如果谓语动词是be的形式,不管主语是单数还是复数,书面语中用were,而口语中如果是单数,也可以用was,不过在if I were...中一般用were。

二、对过去情况的虚拟
条件从句中谓语动词用过去完成式,主语用“wo uld/could/should/might+have+动词的过去分词”形式。

If it had not been for your help yesterday, I could not have caught the bus.如果昨天没有你的帮助,我不会赶上公交车。

(事实是你昨天已经帮助了我,所以我赶上了车)
三、对将来情况的虚拟
在表示与将来事实相反的条件从句中,谓语动词可用should do, were to do或动词的过去式三种形式表示,但意义略有不同。

should表示的可能性最大,动词过去式的可能性次之,were to do 的可能性最小。

If things were to be twice,all would be wise.假如凡事都可以重新做一次,人人皆可成为聪明人。

(事实是并不是所有的事都可以重新做一次)
24.If she ________ generous as she makes out she would have donated more money in the catastrophe.
A.had been B.were
C.would be D.was
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】
考查虚拟语气。

从句首的if(如果)与主句的would have done(早就做…)可判断本题考查虚拟语气,并且根据主句时态可以判断是与现在事实相反的假设,所以if从句用一般过去式,be动词要用were。

虚拟语气中,be动词的一般过去时只能用were不能用was,故选B。

【点睛】
If条件句引导的虚拟语气,一般有三种形式。

与现在事实相反:If +主语+did(be用were),主语+would/should/might/could+动词原形。

与过去事实相反:If +主语+had done,主语
+would/should/might/could + have done。

与将来事实相反:If +主语+were to do/should do,主语+would/should/might/could+动词原形。

虚拟语气做题方法是在正常时态上往前推一个时态,用往前推了时态表达虚拟的不真实性。

只要学生记住我们上边列出的这三种形式,做题是轻而易举的。

25.If he had been working hard, he ______ in the office now. However, he d idn’t.
A.would be working B.were to be working C.was working D.should work
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】
考查虚拟语气。

句意:如果他过去一直努力工作,现在就坐在办公室工作了。

然而,他没有。

根据“However, he didn’t.”可知,此句是混合虚拟语气。

If从句与过去事实相反,主句与现在事实相反。

与现在相反的虚拟语气的主句可用would/could/ might +动词原形。

根据语境及时间状语“now”可知,此处是指现在正在工作,因此要用进行时,故选A。

【点睛】
一、虚拟语气在if引导的条件句中的用法
虚拟语气用于表示说话人所说的并不是事实,而是一种假设或愿望,往往与事实相反。

1. 表示与现在事实相反的虚拟条件句
If+主语+动词的过去式(be用were),主语+would(should/ could/might)+动词原形
1) If I were you, I would study English.如果我是你,我就会学英语。

2)I would certainly go if I had time.如果有时间的话,我一定会去的。

2. 表示与过去事实相反的拟条件句
If+主语+ had done,主语+would(should /could/ might)+ have done
1) If you had taken my advice, you would not have missed the test. 如果你接受了我的建议,你就不会错过考试。

3.表示与将来事实相反的虚拟条件句。

If+主语+should(were to)+动词原形/动词的过去式,主语+would(could /should /might)+动词原形。

If it were to rain tomorrow, the meeting would be put off. 如果明天下雨,会议就会推迟了。

二、错综时间虚拟条件句。

即条件从句与主句所指时间不一致,如从句指过去,而主句即指的是现在或将来,此时应根据具体的语境情况,结合上面提到的三种基本类型对时态作相应的调整:
If it had rained last night, the ground would be wet now. 要是昨晚下雨的话,现在地面就会是湿的。

26.If we could live our life once again, I suppose many people ________ a different one. A.will choose B.will have chosen
C.would choose D.would have chosen
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】
本题考查虚拟语气。

解题步骤:1.确定虚拟语气:If条件句谓语动词用了could do,说明此处是虚拟语气;2.确定谓语动词:If条件句用could do,表示和现在事实相反的虚拟语气,主句用would/could/should do。

句意:如果我们能再活一次,我想很多人会选择一个不同的人生。

故选C。

27.Punishments would be severe, ranging from a few years in prison to the death penalty
_______ a person be caught carrying drugs.
A.should B.would C.could D.might
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】
考查虚拟语气。

句意:如果发现有人携带毒品,将会受到严厉的惩罚,从几年的监禁到死刑不等。

因为与将来事实相反,所以从句用if +主语 + should + do。

此处为省略if的虚拟语气的倒装,从句should a person be caught carrying drugs = if a person should be caught
carrying drugs。

故选A。

【点睛】
虚拟语气的倒装:当虚拟条件句中含有were,had,should,could等动词时,可以将if省略,然后将were,had,should,could 等词移至句首。

本题分析为考查虚拟语气后,先判断与将来事实相反,且主句在前,从句在后。

从句为省略if的虚拟语气的倒装,从句should a person be caught carrying drugs = if a person should be caught carrying drugs,从而选出正确的答案。

28.—How marvelous our life is with so many digital devices!
—Yes. I bet our life________the same without them.
A.isn't B.can't be C.won't be D.wouldn't be
【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】
考查虚拟语气。

句意:——有这么多数码设备,我们的生活真是太奇妙了。

——是的。

我打赌如果没有它们,我们的生活就不一样了。

由without判断此处是含蓄虚拟语气,且与现在的事实相反,故用would + do/be,故选D项。

【点睛】
本句考查含蓄虚拟语气
含蓄虚拟语气里常会出现without, but for, otherwise, were if not for等词,例如:
Without your help, I couldn't have passed the driving test yesterday.没有你的帮助,我就不可能通过昨天的驾考。

Thanks for your advice, otherwise I wouldn't have lost weight successfully.多亏了你的建议,否则我就不会成功减肥了。

29.---It's a complete pity that you missed the wonderful lecture.
---Terribly sorry! _____my former colleague not come to me unexpectedly.
A.Should B.Would C.Had D.Did
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】
考查虚拟倒装。

句意:—你错过了那场精彩的演讲,真是太遗憾了!—非常抱歉,要是我以前的同事没有突然来找我就好了。

根据句意可知,此处是对过去的虚拟,从句用过去完成时,谓语动词是had,if可以省略,但是要用倒装语序。

故选C。

30.Their requirement that he one year's experience is reasonable.
A.had B.has
C.have D.would have
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】
考查虚拟语气。

句意:他们要求他有一年的工作经验是有理由的。

Requirement后边用that 引导同位语从句,从句中谓语动词用should+动词原形,should可以省略,故选C。

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