柴可夫斯基歌剧作品目录

柴可夫斯基歌剧作品⽬录
柴可夫斯基歌剧作品⽬录
Pyotr Il'ich Tchaikovsky (1840-1893)
Catalogue of Works Operas
市长（⼜译“总督”、“司令官”），作品第Op.3号（作于1867年-1868年）(The Voyevoda, Op. 3 (1867-68))⽔仙⼥（⼜译“乌亭”）（作于1869年）(Undina (1869))
禁卫军（作于1870年-1872年）(The Oprichnik (1870-72))
铁匠⽡库拉，作品第Op.14号（作于1874年）(Vakula the Smith, Op. 14 (1874))
叶甫根尼·奥涅⾦，作品第Op.24号（作于1877年-1878年）(Eugene Onegin, Op. 24 (1877-78))
奥尔良少⼥（作于1878年-1879年）(The Maid of Orleans (1878-79))
马捷帕（作于1881年-1883年）(Mazepa (1881-83))
⼥靴鞋（作于1885年）(Cherevichki (1885))
⼥巫（⼜译“迷⼈精”）（作于1885年-1887年）(The Enchantress (1885-87))
⿊桃皇后，作品第Op.68号（作于1890年）(The Queen of Spades, Op. 68 (1890))
约兰达，作品第Op.69号（作于1891年）(Iolanta, Op. 69 (1891))
设想的草稿和⽅案(Unrealised sketches and projects)
英⽂中⽂
The Voyevoda[Voyevoda]
Opera in 3 acts and 4 scenes, Op. 3.
Libretto by the composer and Aleksandr Ostrovsky, after the latter's play Dream on the Volga [Son na Volge]. Composed March 1867 - July 1868.
Scored for soloists, chorus, piccolo, 2 flutes, 2 oboes, cor anglais, 2 clarinets, 2 bassoons, 4 horns, 2 trumpets, 3 trombones, tuba, timpani, triangle, military drum, cymbals, bass drum and strings.
The Entr'acte and Dances of the Chambermaids from Act III were based on the Characteristic Dances for orchestra (1865), and were also arranged for piano duet by Tchaikovsky.
In 1868 Tchaikovsky compiled a Potpourri on themes from the opera, for solo piano.
First performed in Moscow, Bol'shoy Theatre, 30 January/11 February 1869, conducted by Eduard Merten. The score was destroyed by Tchaikovsky in the 1870s, but has since been reconstructed from surviving orchestral and vocal parts. Much of the first act was re-used in The Oprichnik (1870-72).市长（⼜译“总督”、“司令官”）。

3幕4场歌剧，作品第Op.3号。

剧本由作曲家和亚历⼭⼤·奥斯特洛夫斯基根据喜剧《伏尔加之梦》⽽作。

作于1867年3⽉-1868年7⽉。

为独唱，合唱队，短笛，长笛2，双簧管2，英国管，单簧管2，⼤管2，圆号4，⼩号2，长号3，⼤号，定⾳⿎，三⾓铁，⼩军⿎，钹，⼤⿎和弦乐组谱曲。

为管弦乐队⽽作的性格舞曲（1865年），及为钢琴⼆重奏⽽作的乐曲，同样是由柴可夫斯基改编⾃第3幕⼥仆⼀场中的幕间曲和舞曲。

1868年柴可夫斯基将歌剧编成⼀⾸主题集成曲，为钢琴独奏⽽作。

1869年1⽉30⽇-2⽉11⽇在莫斯科⼤剧院⾸演，由爱德华·默滕指挥。

1870年由柴可夫斯基将乐谱消毁，但是后来⼜重新写的管弦乐和声乐部分残存，终幕⾳乐⼤部分再次⽤在《禁卫军》中（1870年-1872年）。

Undina⽔仙⼥（⼜译“乌亭”）
Undina
Opera in 3 acts.
Libretto by Vladimir Sollogub, after Vasily Zhukovsky's translation of Friedrich de la Motte-Fouqué's Ondine. Composed January - July 1869.
Scored for soloists, chorus, piccolo, 2 flutes, 2 oboes, 2 clarinets, 2 bassoons, 4 horns, 2 trumpets, 3 trombones, tuba, timpani, triangle, cymbals, bass drum, harp, piano and strings.
Never performed in its entirity. A few extracts were given a concert performance in Moscow, Bol'shoy Theatre, 16/28 March 1870, conducted by Eduard Merten.
The score was destroyed by Tchaikovsky in the 1870s. Only the extracts performed in 1870 survive, but some music from the opera was subsequently re-used in other works.⽔仙⼥（⼜译“乌亭”）
3幕歌剧。

剧本由弗拉基⽶尔·索洛古布根据⽡西利·茹科夫斯基翻译的弗⾥德⾥希·德·拉·莫特-福克⼩说《⼥⽔神》⽽作。

作于1869年1⽉-7⽉。

为独唱，合唱队，短笛，长笛2，双簧管2，英国管，单簧管2，⼤管2，圆号4，⼩号2，长号3，⼤号，定⾳⿎，三⾓铁，钹，⼤⿎，竖琴，钢琴和弦乐组谱曲。

从未演出过它的全部，1870年3⽉16⽇-28⽇，只有很少的选段在莫斯科，莫斯科⼤剧院的⾳乐会上演出过，由爱德华·默滕指挥。

1870年由柴可夫斯基将乐谱消毁，唯⼀的是在1870年演出过选段幸免，除少许选⾃歌剧中的⾳乐后来再次⽤在其它的作品中。

The Oprichnik [Oprichnik]
Opera in 4 acts and 5 scenes.
Libretto by the composer, after Ivan Lazechnikov's tragedy The Oprichniks [Oprichniki].
Composed February 1870 - April 1872 (includes music from The Voyevoda). The entr'acte to Act II was written and scored by Vladimir Shilovsky.
Scored for soloists, chorus, piccolo, 2 flutes, 2 oboes, 2 clarinets, 2 bassoons, 4 horns, 2 trumpets, 3 trombones, tuba, timpani, triangle, tambourine, cymbals, bass drum, harp and strings.
Some numbers were also arranged for voices with piano by Tchaikovsky, 1870-72.
First performed in St. Petersburg, Maryinsky Theatre,
12/24 April 1874, conducted by Eduard Nápravník. Dedicated to the Grand Duke Konstantin Nikolayevich Romanov.
In March 1877, Tchaikovsky wrote a Funeral March on themes from the opera for piano duet (now lost), and in September 1878 he composed an additional aria for Act II.禁卫军
4幕5场歌剧。

剧本由作曲家根据伊凡·拉泽奇尼科夫悲剧《禁卫军》⽽作。

作于1870年2⽉-1872年4⽉（包含《市长》（⼜译“总督”、“司令官”）的⾳乐），由弗拉基⽶尔·谢洛夫斯基写作第2幕的幕间曲和总谱。

为独唱，合唱队，短笛，长笛2，双簧管2，英国管，单簧管2，⼤管2，圆号4，⼩号2，长号3，⼤号，定⾳⿎，三⾓铁，⼩⼿⿎，钹，⼤⿎，竖琴和弦乐组谱曲。

为⼈声和钢琴⽽同样是由柴可夫斯基于1870年-1872年将⼀些乐段改编的。

1874年4⽉12⽇-24⽇在圣·彼德堡玛琳斯基剧院⾸演，由爱德华·纳普拉夫尼克指挥。

题献给康斯坦丁·尼古拉耶维奇·罗曼诺夫⼤公。

1877年3⽉，为钢琴⼆重奏⽽作是由柴可夫斯基根据歌剧中的葬礼进⾏曲主题创作的（现已遗失），及1878年9⽉为第2幕作了附加咏叹调。

Opera in 3 acts and 8 scenes, Op. 14.
Libretto by Yakov Polonsky, after Nikolay Gogol's story Christmas Eve [Noch' pered rozhdestvom].
Composed June - October 1874.
Scored for soloists, chorus, piccolo, 2 flutes, 2 oboes, 2 clarinets, 2 bassoons, 4 horns, 2 trumpets, 3 trombones, tuba, timpani, cymbals, bass drum, harp and strings.
Some numbers were also arranged for voices with piano or for piano duet (4 hands) by Tchaikovsky, 1874.
First performed in St. Petersburg, Maryinsky Theatre, 24铁匠⽡库拉
3幕8场歌剧，作品第Op.14号。

剧本由耶科夫·波伦斯基根据尼古拉·果⼽⾥的⼩说《圣诞前夜》⽽作。

作于1874年6⽉-10⽉。

为独唱，合唱队，短笛，长笛2，双簧管2，英国管，单簧管2，⼤管2，圆号4，⼩号2，长号3，⼤号，定⾳⿎，钹，⼤⿎，竖琴和弦乐组谱曲。

为⼈声和钢琴或钢琴⼆重奏（4⼿联弹）⽽作的同样是由柴可夫斯基于1874年将⼀些乐段改编的。

1874年11⽉24⽇-12⽉6⽇在圣·彼德堡玛琳斯基剧院⾸演，
November/6 December 1876, conducted by Eduard
Nápravník.
Dedicated to the memory of the Grand Duchess Yelena Pavlovna Romanova.
Revised in 1885 as Cherevichki.由爱德华·纳普拉夫尼克指挥。

题献给⼤公夫⼈耶莉娜·帕夫洛夫娜·罗曼诺娃。

由契维奇基1885年修订。

Eugene Onegin[Yevgeniy Onegin]
Lyrical scenes in 3 acts and 7 tableaux, Op. 24.
Libretto by the composer and Konstantin Shilovsky, after Aleksandr Pushkin's novel in verse.
Composed May 1877 - January 1878; final scene revised October 1880. Ecossaise for Act III added August 1885.
Also arranged for voices with piano by Tchaikovsky, 1877-78.
Scored for soloists, chorus, piccolo, 2 flutes, 2 oboes, 2 clarinets, 2 bassoons, 4 horns, 2 trumpets, 3 trombones, timpani, harp and strings.
First performed in Moscow, Malïy Theatre, 17/29 March 1879, conducted by Nikolay Rubinstein.叶甫根尼·奥涅⾦
抒情场景的3幕7场歌剧，作品第Op.24号。

剧本由作曲家和弗拉基⽶尔·希洛夫斯基根据亚历⼭⼤·普希⾦的诗体⼩说⽽作。

作于1877年5⽉-1878年1⽉，最后⼀场修订于1880年10⽉，1885年8⽉为第3幕附加了⼀⾸苏格兰舞曲。

为⼈声和钢琴⽽作的同样是由柴可夫斯基于1877年-1878年改编的。

为独唱，合唱队，短笛，长笛2，双簧管2，英国管，单簧管2，⼤管2，圆号4，⼩号2，长号3，竖琴和弦乐组谱曲。

1879年5⽉17⽇-29⽇在莫斯科剧院⾸演，由尼古拉·鲁宾斯坦指挥。

The Maid of Orleans[Orleanskaya deva]
Opera in 4 acts and 6 scenes.
Libretto by the composer, after Friedrich Schiller, Vasily Zhukovsky, Jules Barbier and August Mermet.
Composed December 1878 - August 1879; some scenes revised October 1882.
Scored for soloists, chorus, piccolo, 2 flutes, 2 oboes, cor anglais, 2 clarinets, 2 bassoons, 4 horns, 2 trumpets, 2 cornets, 3 trombones, tuba, timpani, military drum, cymbals, bass drum, harp and strings.
First performed in St. Petersburg, Maryinsky Theatre,
13/25 February 1881, conducted by Eduard Nápravník.
Dedicated to Eduard Nápravník.奥尔良少⼥
4幕6场歌剧。

剧本由作曲家根据⽡西利·茹科夫斯基，朱尔斯·巴⽐和奥古斯特·默梅特翻译的弗⾥德⾥希·席勒诗作⽽作。

作于1878年12⽉-1879年8⽉，有些场景修订于1882年10⽉。

为独唱，合唱队，短笛，长笛2，双簧管2，英国管，单簧管2，⼤管2，圆号4，⼩号2，长号3，⼤号，定⾳⿎，⼩军⿎，钹，⼤⿎，琴竖和弦乐组谱曲。

1879年2⽉13⽇-25⽇在圣·彼德堡玛琳斯基剧院⾸演，由爱德华·纳普拉夫尼克指挥。

题献给爱德华·纳普拉夫尼克。

Mazepa
Opera in 3 acts and 6 scenes.
Libretto by Viktor Burenin (revised by Tchaikovsky), after Aleksandr Pushkin's poem Poltava.
Composed June 1881 - April 1883.
Scored for soloists, chorus, 3 flutes (3rd doubling piccolo), 2 oboes, cor anglais, 2 clarinets, 2 bassoons, 4 horns, 2 trumpets, 2 cornets, 3 trombones, tuba, timpani, tambourine, military drum, cymbals, bass drum, harp and strings.
Also arranged by Tchaikovsky for voices with piano, 1881-83.
First performed in Moscow, Bol'shoy Theatre, 3/15 February 1884, conducted by Ippolit Altani.马捷帕
3幕6场歌剧。

剧本由维克托·布伦宁（柴可夫斯基修订）根据亚历⼭⼤·普希⾦诗作《波尔塔⽡》⽽作。

作于1883年6⽉-4⽉，有些场景修订于1882年10⽉。

为独唱，合唱队，长笛3（第3长笛为低⾳短笛），双簧管2，英国管，单簧管2，⼤管2，圆号4，⼩号2，长号3，⼤号，定⾳⿎，⼩军⿎，钹，⼤⿎，竖琴和弦乐组谱曲。

为⼩提琴和钢琴⽽作的同样是由柴可夫斯基于1881-1883年改编的。

1884年2⽉3⽇-15⽇在莫斯科，莫斯科⼤剧院⾸演，由伊波利特·阿尔塔尼指挥。

Cherevichki(Les caprices d'Oxane)⼥靴鞋
Cherevichki(Les caprices d'Oxane)
Opera in 4 acts and 8 scenes.
Libretto by Yakov Polonsky, after Nikolay Gogol's story Christmas Eve [Noch' pered rozhdestvom], with additions and revisions by the composer and Nikolay Chayev.
Composed February - March 1885 (a revision of Vakula the Smith).
Scored for soloists, chorus, piccolo, 2 flutes, 2 oboes, 2 clarinets, 2 bassoons, 4 horns, 2 trumpets, 3 trombones, tuba, timpani, cymbals, bass drum, harp and strings. Some numbers also arranged for voices with piano or for piano duet (4 hands) by Tchaikovsky, 1885.
First performed in Moscow, Bol'shoy Theatre, 19/31 January 1887, conducted by Tchaikovsky.⼥靴鞋
4幕8场歌剧。

剧本由耶科夫·波伦斯基根据尼古拉·果⼽⾥的⼩说《圣诞夜》⽽作，由作曲家和尼古拉·查耶夫作有些增加和修订。

作于1885年2⽉-5⽉（根据《铁匠⽡库拉》修订）。

为独唱，合唱队，短笛，长笛2，双簧管2，英国管，单簧管2，⼤管2，圆号4，⼩号2，长号3，⼤号，定⾳⿎，钹，⼤⿎，琴竖和弦乐组谱曲。

为⼈声和钢琴或钢琴⼆重奏（4⼿联弹）⽽作的同样是由柴可夫斯基于1885年将⼀些乐段改编的。

1887年1⽉19⽇-31⽇在莫斯科，莫斯科⼤剧院⾸演，由柴可夫斯基指挥。

Opera in 4 acts.
Libretto by Ivan Shpazhinsky.
Composed September 1885 - May 1887.
Scored for soloists, chorus, 3 flutes (3rd doubling piccolo), 2 oboes, cor anglais, 2 clarinets, 2 bassoons, 4 horns, 2 trumpets, 2 cornets, 3 trombones, tuba, timpani, cymbals, bass drum, harp and strings.
Also arranged by Tchaikovsky for voices with piano, 1885-87.
First performed in St. Petersburg, Maryinsky Theatre, 20 October/1 November 1887, conducted by Tchaikovsky.⼥巫（⼜译“迷⼈精”）
4幕歌剧。

剧本由伊凡·施帕津斯基⽽作。

作于1885年9⽉-1887年5⽉。

为独唱，合唱队，长笛3（第3长笛为低⾳短笛），双簧管2，英国管，单簧管2，⼤管2，圆号4，⼩号2，短号2，长号3，⼤号，定⾳⿎，钹，⼤⿎，竖琴和弦乐组谱曲。

为⼈声和钢琴⽽作的同样是由柴可夫斯基于1885年-1887年改编的。

1887年1⽉19⽇-31⽇在圣·彼德堡玛琳斯基剧院⾸演，由柴可夫斯基指挥。

The Queen of Spades [Pikovaya dama]
Opera in 3 acts and 7 scenes, Op. 68.
Libretto by the composer and Modest Tchaikovsky, after Aleksandr Pushkin's drama.
Composed January - June 1890.
Scored for soloists, chorus, piccolo, 2 flutes, 2 oboes, cor anglais, 2 clarinets, 2 bassoons, 4 horns, 2 trumpets, 3 trombones, tuba, timpani, military drum, cymbals, bass drum, harp, piano and strings.
Also arranged by Tchaikovsky for voices with piano, 1890. First performed in St. Petersburg, Maryinsky Theatre, 7/19 December 1890, conducted by by Eduard Nápravník.⿊桃皇后
4幕7场歌剧，作品第Op.68号。

剧本由作曲家和莫德斯特·柴可夫斯基根据亚历⼭⼤·普希⾦的戏剧⽽作。

作于1890年1⽉-6⽉。

为独唱，合唱队，短笛，长笛2，双簧管2，英国管，单簧管2，⼤管2，圆号4，⼩号2，短号2，长号3，⼤号，定⾳⿎，⼩军⿎，钹，⼤⿎，竖琴，钢琴和弦乐组谱曲。

为⼈声和钢琴⽽作的同样是由柴可夫斯基于1890年改编的。

1887年1⽉19⽇-31⽇在圣·彼德堡玛琳斯基剧院⾸演，由爱德华·纳普拉夫尼克指挥。

Iolanta
Lyric opera in 1 act, Op. 69.
Libretto by Modest Tchaikovsky, after Vladimir Zotov's translation of Heinrich Hertz's drama König Renes Tochter.
Composed July - December 1891.
Scored for soloists, chorus, 3 flutes, piccolo, 2 oboes, cor anglais, 2 clarinets, 2 bassoons, 4 horns, 2 trumpets, 3约兰达
独幕抒情歌剧，作品第Op.69号。

剧本由莫德斯特·柴可夫斯基根据由弗拉基⽶尔·佐托夫翻译的海英⾥希·赫茨《雷内王之⼥》⽽作。

作于1890年7⽉-12⽉。

为独唱，合唱队，长笛3，短笛，双簧管2，英国管，单簧管2，⼤管2，圆号4，⼩号2，短号2，长号3，⼤号，定⾳⿎，竖琴2和弦乐组谱曲。

trombones, tuba, timpani, 2 harps and strings.
First performed in St. Petersburg, Maryinsky Theatre, 6/18 December 1892, conducted by Eduard Nápravník.1892年1⽉6⽇-18⽇在圣·彼德堡玛琳斯基剧院⾸演，由爱德华·纳普拉夫尼克指挥。

Unrealised sketches and projects
Sketches also survive for a duet scene for an opera on Romeo and Juliet; these were discovered after the composer's death, and probably date from October 1881. The music uses themes from the overture-fantasia on the same subject, and the piece was subsequently completed and orchestrated by Sergey Taneyev.
In July and August 1854 (when he was aged only 14) Tchaikovsky may have begun writing music for an opera Hyperbola [Giperbola] based on a play by his cousin Vladimir Olkhovsky. No sketches for this project have survived.
In December 1869, Tchaikovsky began to write an opera Mandragora, on a subject by Sergey Rachinsky. However, only one scene - the Chorus of Flowers and Insects was composed.
Tchaikovsky received numerous suggestions for possible opera subjects, but he only gave serious consideration to the following:
The Storm after Ostrovsky's play (1864-67).
Alexander the Great, to a libretto by Aleksandr Ostrovsky (1868).
Raymond Lully, to a libretto by Sergey Rachinsky (1870). Ephraim, a story set in ancient Egypt (1875-76). Francesca da Rimini, to libretti by Karl Zvantsev and Hermann Laroche (1876-77).
Othello, after Shakespeare's tragedy (1876-77).
Vanka the Steward, based on a play by Daniel Averkiyev (1881).
Sadko (1882).
The Captain's Daughter, to a libretto by Ivan Shpazhinsky (1888).
Bayadera, to a libretto by Ivan Shpazhinsky based on a story by Goethe (1888)
Bela, based on a novel by Mikhail Lermontov, possibly to a libretto by Anton Chekhov (1889).
The Merchant of Venice, after Shakespeare (1893).设想的草稿和⽅案
为歌剧《罗密欧与朱丽叶》⽽作的⼀⾸⼆重唱曲草稿同样幸存，这些作品的发现是在作曲家逝世之后，⼤概的时间在1881年10⽉，同样题⽬的⾳乐主题为序曲-幻想曲⽽作，随后由谢尔盖·塔涅耶夫完成补写和配器。

在1854年7⽉-8⽉，柴可夫斯基5⽉份已经开始写作歌剧《海普波拉》（吉珀波拉）的⾳乐作品，根据由他的堂兄弗拉基⽶尔·奥克霍夫斯基⽽作的喜剧，这个草稿⽅案没有幸存。

在1869年12⽉，柴可夫斯基开始写作⼀部歌剧《曼陀罗花》，题⽬由谢尔盖·拉钦斯基作，可是，只写了唯⼀的⼀⾸合唱曲《花与⾍》。

被多⽅⾯⼀般承认可能是的柴可夫斯基歌剧题⽬，⽽是他认真作过考虑的如下：
《暴风⾬》奥斯特洛夫斯基的喜剧（1864-67年）。

《伟⼤的亚历⼭⼤》剧本由亚历⼭⼤·奥斯特洛夫斯基⽽作（1868年）。

《雷蒙德·卢利》剧本由谢尔盖·拉⾟斯基⽽作（1870年）。

《以⾊列民族》根据远古的埃及故事⽽作。

《⾥⽶尼的弗朗西斯卡》由卡尔·兹范茨夫和赫尔曼·拉罗什编剧。

《奥赛罗》根据莎⼠⽐亚的同名悲剧⽽作（1876-77年）。

《乘务员范卡》根据丹尼尔·埃弗基耶夫的喜剧⽽作（1881年）。

《萨克奥》（1882年）。

《上尉的⼥⼉》剧本由伊凡·施帕津斯卡亚根据歌德⼩说⽽作（1888年）。

《贝拉》根据⽶哈伊尔·莱蒙托夫的⼩说⽽作，也可能是安东·契可夫编剧（1889年）。

《威尼斯商⼈》根据莎⼠⽐亚同名作品⽽作（1893年）。