2021版高考英语一轮总复习第一部分重点全程攻略Unit2Workingtheland限时规范特训新

2021版高考英语一轮总复习第一部分重点全程攻略Unit2Workingtheland限时规范特训新人教版必修
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Ⅰ.完形填空(建议用时17′)
[2021·双鸭山一中质检]On Mother's Day, I was expecting my grown children to come back home and spend the day with me.
Fifteen years earlier, I was a single mom with two children, a __1__ job and a long commute (通勤路程). So I had to shop for groceries and plan for the next week on weekends. __2__， I went shopping on Sunday. When I __3__ to the cashier that the store was really quiet that day, she replied, “It's always __4__ on Mother's Day. You must be the only __5__ out there shopping.” I know she was __6__ telling the truth and she did not mean to __7__ me. Needless to say, all I could do was to finish paying and get to my car. I hadn't __8__ realized it was Mother's Day. My children were too young to know it. How __9__ I really was!
I was excited to see my __10__ soon. I decided to treat myself to an ice tea and __11__ to the sandwich shop next door. It was __12__ except for a mom and her son ahead of me. __13__ this was a single mom, celebrating Mother's Day with her son in the sandwich shop. When she finished __14__， I handed the cashier a $20 bill and said, “This is my treat. Happy Mother's Day！” The cashier was __15__ for a moment and the woman searched my face to see if she __16__ me.
Wayne Dyer once __17__ the power of kindness. He said studies showed that not only do the giver and receiver of an act of kindness __18__， but an observer benefits in exactly the same way. The mom and her son felt __19__ because she had been honored and received an unexpected __20__. I felt good because I felt I had honored that part of me that wasn't honored all those years ago.
篇章导读：本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。

作者通过讲述自己在母亲节的经历，向读者阐释一个道理：不管是给予他人的善行依旧同意别人的善举，都在传递着正能量。

1．A.routine B．demanding
C．well－paid D．miserable
答案：A 依照下文的“a long commute”以及作者描述的一系列一天的工作，可知答案是routine (常规)。

2．A.As usual B．Seldom
C．Occasionally D．For once
答案：A 依照上下文可知，作者每周日都要去购物，故应填as usual (像往常一样)。

3．A.reported B．explained
C．commented D．suggested
答案：C 依照下文的“the store was really quiet, she replied”可知，此处为作
者对今天超市的情形作出评论(comment)。

4．A.classic B．crowded
C．special D．quiet
答案：D 从上文的“the store was really quiet that day”可找到暗示。

句意：收银员说，通常在母亲节那天，超市专门安静(quiet)。

5．A.customer B．mother
C．parent D．driver
答案：B 由语境可知，由于店里顾客专门少，又是母亲节，因此收银员说作者是那天唯独前来购物的母亲(mother)。

6．A.simply B．deliberately
C．proudly D．politely
答案：A 由下文的关键信息“并非有意……”，可知这位收银员仅仅是说出了实情。

7．A.warn B．discourage
C．hurt D．remind
答案：C 由上下文可知，收银员仅仅(simply)在回答作者的问题，并非有意要损害(hurt)作者。

因为在母亲节，多数母亲都会和家人一起庆贺，而可不能外出购物。

8．A.just B．still
C．ever D．even
答案：D 从上文可知，作者甚至没有意识到那天是母亲节，她是在听了收银员的话以后才明白的。

even意为“甚至”。

9．A.defeated B．alone
C．stubborn D．warm－hearted
答案：B'alone意为“孤单的；孤独的”。

作者的小孩太小而不明白得母亲节的意义，也没有其他人给作者送来母亲节礼物，因此她感到专门孤单。

10．A.children B．husband
C．friends D．neighbors
答案：A 由语境可知，作者外出购物，专门想尽早回家见到小孩们(children)。

11．A.rode B．drove
C．walked D．escaped
答案：C 从下文的“next door”可知，这家三明治店就在邻近，因此作者是走过去(walk)的。

12．A.clean B．excellent
C．elegant D．empty
答案：D 由下文可知，除了一对母子在这家店以外，没有其他顾客，因此超市里专门空荡(empty)。

13．A.Luckily B．Obviously
C．Fortunately D．Sadly
答案：B Obviously意为“显而易见”。

作者从自己的经历推断，店里的这位母亲明显(obviously)也是位单亲母亲。

14．A.ordering B．parking
C．eating D．packing
答案：A'order意为“点餐”。

从下文可知，在这位母亲选好要购买的食品后，作者把钱递给收银员来替她买单。

15．A.encouraged B．grateful
C．confused D．embarrassed
答案：C 由上下文可知，作者主动替别人买单，这一举动让收银员专门困惑(confused)。

16．A.remembered B．recognized
C．met D．knew
答案：D 结合语境可知，同样，这位母亲也专门困惑，盯着作者看，看是否认识作者。

17．A.passed on B．talked about
C．asked for D．looked back
答案：B 依照下文的said可找到暗示，韦恩·戴尔曾经谈到(talk about)善举的作用。

18．A.benefit B．interest
C．understand D．learn
答案：A benefit意为“得益；受益”。

句意：善行不仅能使给予者和同意者受益匪浅，甚至也能让旁观者收成良多。

19．A.unsatisfied B．understandable
C．good D．anxious
答案：C 由上下文可知，这位母亲和小孩感到专门快乐(good)。

20．A.surprise B．sympathy
C．invitation D．gift
答案：D'由语境可知，作者主动替这位母亲买单，这位母亲收到了一份意想不到的礼物(gift)。

Ⅱ.阅读明白得(建议用时16′)
A
A European team proposed a new explanation for why children growing up on farms are far better protected against asthma (哮喘) and allergies W1. The protective effect may be created by a particular protein called A20, which the body produces upon contacting with farm dust, according to the team.
The findings may represent a major step forward toward the development of an asthma vaccine. For the study, the researchers first exposed W2 mice to farm dust extract, a bacterial component called endotoxin (内毒素), every other day for two weeks. They then presented these mice with allergy－driving house dust mites (螨), which often cause asthma in people, finding that mice that had been regularly exposed to endotoxin did not develop allergic features, while control mice did.
These findings were then tested in patients. The results showed that people suffering from P1 asthma and allergies have a deficiency in the protective protein A20, explaining why they react to P2 allergies so severely W3. “Discovering how farm
dust provides this type of protection has certainly put us on the right track toward developing an asthma vaccine and new allergy therapies，”Ham mad said. “However,__several_years_of_research_are_required_still_before_they_will_be_ava ilable_to_patients.”
Some experts cautioned W4 that the newly uncovered mechanism does not entirely explain the protective effect of farm life. For example, it is commonly known that drinking raw cow's milk can provide protection against allergies, but that effect is unlikely to involve W5 the lung epithelium (上皮细胞)．
篇章导读：本文是一篇科技说明文。

详细介绍了一个欧洲团队的研究发觉：在农场长大的小孩因为接触过尘螨而更不易患上哮喘或者过敏症。

1．From the first paragraph we can learn that________.
A．children growing up on farms are affected by A20
B．the bodies of children growing up on farms produces A20
C．children growing up on farms seldom get asthma and allergies
D．the European team presented an idea for children growing up on farms
答案：C'细节明白得题。

依照第一段第一句“A European team proposed a new explanation for why children growing up on farms are far better protected against asthma and allergies.”可知，在农场长大的小孩不易患上哮喘或者过敏症。

故选C项。

2．What did the researchers do for the study?
A．They presented mice with some dust.
B．They tested mice in an allergy－driving house.
C．They offered mice a bacterial component every other day.
D．They exposed mice to endotoxin every two days for two weeks.
答案：D'细节明白得题。

依照文章第二段第二句“...the researchers first exposed mice to farm dust extract, a bacterial component called endotoxin, every other day for two weeks.”可知，D项正确。

A项中“some dust”与原文中的“farm dust extract (农场灰尘提取物)”不符；第二段第三句只提及“allergy－driving house dust mites”而非“in an allergy－driving house”，故B项错误；C项描述不准确。

3．Which of the following statements is closest in meaning to the underlined sentence above?
A．Several years of research is available to patients.
B．What patients require is several years of research.
C．It is important that research should be done for patients.
D．Several years of research is needed before treatment for patients.
答案：D'句意明白得题。

画线句句意为：然而，在此疫苗能够在病人身上使用之前，还需要好几年的实验研究。

这与D项“在(用于)治疗病人之前，还需要好几年的研究”意思相近。

故选D项。

4．This text is most probably taken from________.
A．a textbook B．a science magazine
C．a doctor's notebook D．an advertisement
答案：B'推理判定题。

依照首段提出的新发觉，以及文章中的关键词“study, research”以及“findings”可知，本文是介绍科学研究发觉的文章，可能是选自科学杂志。

故选B项。

W重点单词
1．allergy n. 过敏反应
2．expose vt. 使面临，使遭受(危险或不快)
3．severely adv. 严峻地；严格地
4．caution n．/vt. 慎重；小心/警告；提醒
5．involve vt. 牵扯；牵连；包含
P重点短语
1．suffer from... 遭受；忍耐
2．react to 对……作出反应
B
We take smiles for granted P1， but the evolution W1 of these and other facial expressions is a big deal for animals, including humans. Smiles and other expressions allow us to communicate our emotional states to others. Among primates (灵长目动物), because social living became more and more important, the ability to quickly indicate W2 fear, excitement, lack of threat and more helped our ancestors survive in the wild.
Humans, chimpanzees and other great apes even share expressions and other physical indicators of pride, which appears to be a more abstract W3 emotion. Azim Shariff, a researcher at the University of Oregon, studied facial expressions and found that chimps reach out their chests to show others that they are ready to take on challenges. “We seem to share a number of expressions, including pride, with chimpanzees and other apes，” say s Shariff.
Since cats are mammals W4 too, we have many things in common with P2 them. Smiling, however, is not one of them. When a cat shows its teeth in a way that might look like it's grinning, it is probably grimacing (做怪相), or is angry and ready to use those teeth to bite into someone.
According to the Arizona Humane Society, when a cat is happy, it may exhibit W5 these facial features：
·Relaxed cheeks that are not pulled in
·Open ears that are facing for ward
·Closed, relaxed mouth
·Wide open eyes that are focused on you
·Whiskers (须) that are pointed outward and not spread apart much
Humans tend to rely a lot on facial expressions, but cats use their bodies to communicate how they feel. A happy cat will tend to hold its head and tail high, with its tail raised upward and fur lying flat on the body.
篇章导读：本文是一篇科普说明文。

面部表情的进化对动物而言是一件大事。

人类、黑猩猩和其他类人猿使用的表情相同，同为哺乳动物的猫却不用露齿笑来展现自己的快乐。

5．What can we learn from the second paragraph?
A．Azim Shariff founded a shelter for chimps.
B．Happiness appears to be a more abstract emotion.
C．Azim Shariff is a researcher studying facial expressions.
D．All animals share expressions and other physical indicators of pride.
答案：C'细节明白得题。

依照第二段第二句可知，Azim Shariff从事的是面部表情方面的研究。

6．When a cat is happy, you can see that________.
A．its small eyes are fixed on itself
B．its mouth is closed and relaxed
C．its ears are spread apart much
D．its cheeks are pulled in
答案：B'细节明白得题。

依照倒数第二段中的“Closed, relaxed mouth”可知，当一只猫快乐时，它的嘴巴会专门放松地闭着。

7．It can be inferred from the last paragraph that ________.
A．a happy cat holds its head and tail lower than usual
B．humans often show their facial expressions to strangers
C．humans prefer to use their bodies rather than facial expressions
D．the way cats show their feelings differs greatly from that of humans
答案：D'推理判定题。

依照最后一段第二句中的转折语意可推知，猫表达感受的方式与人类的方式差别专门大。

W重点单词
1．evolution n. 进化
2．indicate v. 说明；标示；显示；(用灯/手)打(行车转向信号)
3．abstract adj. 抽象的；纯理论的
4．mammal n. 哺乳动物
5．exhibit vt. 展览；展出；表现
P重点短语
1．take...for granted 将……视为理所因此
2．have many things in common with... 与……有专门多共同之处
Ⅲ.短文改错(建议用时8′)
[2021·河北五校联考]Yesterday morning I got up early to run in a race. It was
hardly above freezing. So every runner was jumping around trying to stay warmly.
By the roadside was a man wrapping in a blanket. He was obviously homeless and most people pretended not see him. I went over and talked with him. We talked about all sort of things. He didn't ask me for anything, and I wanted to do something for him. I gave him all the cash which I had. At the first he didn't want to accept it but I insisted. Then he said something surprised. He said, “Thank you. I hadn't talked to anybody for years.” It was him who showed me how to smile through the rough times.
答案：
Yesterday morning I got up early to run in a race. It was hardly above freezing. So every runner was jumping around trying to stay warmly warm
.
By the roadside was a man wrapping wrapped
in a blanket. He was obviously homeless and
most people pretended not ∧to
see him. I went over and talked with him. We talked about
all sort sorts of things. He didn't ask me for anything, and but
I wanted to do something for
him. I gave him all the cash which that
I had. At the ＼ first he didn't want to accept it
but I insisted. Then he said something surprised surprising . He said, “Thank you. I hadn't haven't
talked to any body for years.” It was him he
who showed me how to smile through the rough
times.
第一处：warmly→warm stay 为系动词时后接形容词。

stay warm “保持温顺”。

第二处：wrapping→wrapped wrap 与a man 是被动关系，wrapped 作后置定语，省略了who was 。

第三处：not 后加to pretend not to do sth. “假装不做某事”。

第四处：sort→sorts all sorts of things “各种各样的情况”。

第五处：and→but 由句意可知，此处表转折。

第六处：which→that 因为cash 前有all 修饰，因此用that 引导定语从句。

第七处：去掉At 后的the at first “第一；最初”。

第八处：surprised→surprising surprising 修饰something 作后置定语。

第九处：hadn't→haven't 由句意及句中时刻状语for years 可知，应用现在完成时。

第十处：him→he 该句是强调句型，被强调部分是主语，因此用主格代词he 。