经济学原理ch08

经济学原理ch08
CHAPTER 8
1. The market will be in equilibrium with a tax on sales of a good when
a.the quantity demanded equals the quantity supplied and the price buyers pay
exceeds the price sellers receive by the per-unit tax.
b.the price received by the seller equals the price paid by the buyer and the
quantity demanded is less than the quantity supplied by the amount of the tax.
c.the tax is equal to the price paid by the buyer and quantity demanded is equal
to the quantity supplied.
d.there cannot be a market equilibrium with a tax on sales.
2. The tax rate on a good is the
a.total amount of taxes paid by consumers on that goods.
b.total amount of taxes paid by producers on that good.
c.total amount of taxes paid by both producers and consumers on that goo
d.
d.per-unit tax on a good, expressed as a percentage of its pric
e.
3. Deadweight loss
a.means that there is a loss to some individuals without a corresponding gain to
others.
b.is not really a loss to society because what one individual
loses another
individual gains.
c.can be eliminated by sales taxes.
d.can occur even if output is at the efficient level.
4. Deadweight loss measures
a.the amount people would pay to gain an additional unit of
a good.
b.the loss from economic inefficiency.
c.the difference between two efficient situations.
d.the amount required to compensate producers for lost surplus due to the
imposition of a sales tax.
5. The deadweight loss from an economically inefficient situation id equal to
a.consumer surplus minus producer surplus.
b.consumer surplus plus producer surplus.
c.the consumer and producer surplus that people could gain by eliminating that
inefficiency.
d.the increase in consumer surplus minus the increase in producer surplus that
people could gain by eliminating that inefficiency.
6. A per-unit tax on a good creates deadweight loss because
a.it makes demand more inelastic.
b.it makes supply more elasti
c.
c.by increasing the price consumers pay, and reducing the price sellers receive,
it prevents some mutually beneficial trades.
d.the government wastes the tax revenues it receives.
7. If the supply curve is perfectly elastic, a per-unit tax
a.does not create deadweight loss.
b.does not reduce consumer surplus.
c.does not reduce producer surplus.
d.reduces consumer surplus but increases producer surplus.
8. Suppose demand for electricity is perfectly inelastic. A tax on electricity will be
a.split between producers and consumers in equal shares.
b.paid only by producers.
c.paid only by consumers.
d.split between producers and consumers in unequal shares.
9. The coastal town of Milford, Connecticut recently increased taxes on beachfront property. They did this because
a.taxes on land generate no deadweight loss and lots of revenues for
government.
b.politicians recognize that the supply of beachfront property is perfectly
inelastic and so the tax would generate no deadweight loss.
c.taxes on land are paid entirely by the suppliers since the supply of beachfront
property is perfectly inelastic.
d.of all of the abov
e.
10. When the government increases taxes on labor income,
a.people tend to work harder to make up for lost income.
b.people tend to work less because their take-home wage is lower.
c.most employers reduce employment.
d.any of the above, depending on the elasticities of demand
and supply.
11. Which of the following groups has a relatively elastic supply of labor?
a.heads-of-households who must support other people with their income.
b.Elderly people on Social Security, who can choose whether or not to work.
c.Second earners in a household, who make lower wages than the primary wage
earner.
d. B and C both have relatively elastic labor supplies.
12. Which of the following groups has a relatively inelastic supply of labor?
e.heads-of-households who must support other people with their incomes.
f.Elderly people on Social Security, who can choose whether or not to work.
g.Second earners in a household, who make lower wages than the primary wage
earner.
h. B and C both have relatively elastic labor supplies.
13. Henry George’s arguments were based on the idea that
a.income taxes are optimal because they distort incentives.
b.income taxes are optimal because they create no deadweight loss.
c.taxes on land are optimal because they create no deadweight loss.
d.income taxes are optimal because they are paid by employers.
14. According to supply-side economists, the U.S. tax system
tends to
a.decrease interest rates and loans to businesses.
b.dampen incentives to work, save, and invest.
c.reduce unemployment and push up the price level.
d.provide lower tax rates to people who work on salary.
15. According to the Laffer Curve, when taxes are increased from 0 percent to a rate consistent with the maximum point on the curve, tax revenue will
a.decrease.
b.increase.
c.be the same as the tax rate.
d.remain constant.
16. According to supply-side economists, a policy that ________ will cause productivity to increase, which increase the supply of goods and services in the marketplace.
a.increases interest rates
b.decreases inflation
c.reduces marginal tax rates
d.funds capital investment in the economy
17. In the early 1980s, supply-side economists suggested that the U.S. was at
a.the minimum point along its Laffer curve.
b.the maximum point along its Laffer curve.
c.some point along the rising portion of its Laffer curve.
d.some point along the falling portion of its Laffer curv
e.
18. U.S. policymakers disagree most often about the effects of taxation because
a.some are capitalists and some are communists.
b.some supply-siders and some are not.
c.they have different ideas about relative elasticities of demand and supply.
d.some are rich and some are poor.。