中考英语动词的语态专项解析和考点精练

中考英语动词的语态专项解析和考点精练
一、定义
动词的语态有两种：主动语态和被动语态。

主动语态：表示主语是动作的执行者。

被动语态：表示主语是动作的承受者。

二、被动语态的结构
“ be + 动词过去分词”
三、主动语态变为被动语态
Farmers（主语） grow（谓语） rice（宾语） in spring.（状语）. Rice（原宾语） is grown（be + p.p.） by farmers(by + 原主语) in spring.（状语）.
四、常见的被动语态结构
(一) 一般现在时 be (am/is/are) + p.p.
She cleans her bedroom every day.
→
(二) 一般过去时 be ( was/were )+p.p.
My grandpa planted the apple tree ten years ago.
→
(三) 现在完成时 be (have/has been)+p.p.
We have cleaned our classroom just.
→
(四) 含有情态动词的被动语态 be (情态动词+be) + p.p.
1. Uncle Wang can mend the radio in two days.
→
2. Parents should allow teenagers to choose their own clothes. →
(五) 一般将来时
1. be (shall/will be) +p.p.
Lucy will make a toy tomorrow.
→
2. be (am/ is/ are going to be) +p.p.
They are going to visit our school.
→
(六) 现在进行时 be (am/is/are being) +p.p.
His parents are looking after him now.
→
(七) 过去完成时 be (had been)+p.p.
He had seen the film before last year.
→
(八) 过去进行时 be (was/were being) +p.p.
The man was washing his car at this time yesterday.
→
(九) 过去将来时
1. be (should/would be) +p.p.
He said that he would buy a dictionary next week.
→He said that
2. be (was /were going to be) +p.p.
I heard that she was going to finish the work soon.
→I heard that
(十) 动词不定式的被动结构 be(to be ) + p.p.
1. 我的自行车需要修理。

My bike needs .
2. 那儿下一年将种植许多小树。

There will be many young trees the next year.
3. 我认为这本书值得读。

I think that the book is worth .
4.I never expected him to be arrested. ( 翻译成汉语 )
.
五、被动语态的特殊用法
(一) 含有双宾语的被动语态
1. We gave him some picture-books.
间宾直宾
→
→
2. I bought her a book as a birthday present.
间宾直宾
→
→
注：直接宾语作主语时要在间接宾语前面加to或for。

相同用法的词还有teach , pass , show , tell , send , ,make , write , pay等。

(二) 含有动词短语的被动语态
1. My grandma will take care of the baby.
→
2. He put on a map on the wall.
→
注：动词短语变为被动语态时要保持动词短语的完整性，动词后面的介词或副词不能省略。

(三) 含有复合宾语的被动语态
带复合宾语的动词有feel ; hear , listen to ; have , make , let ; see , watch , notice, look at
一感二听三使役四看
等变为被动语态时,需要在补足语前面加上动词不定式符号to。

1. He makes the baby laugh.
→
2. People watched them dance in the open air.
→
六、不能用被动语态的情况
(一) fall , happen , die , fail ; fall asleep , take place等词属于不及物动词, 不能用被动语态。

误: The accident was happened last Sunday.
正:
(二) feel , smell , sound , taste , look等属于半系动词, 不能用被动语态。

1. 误:The fruit is tasted delicious.
正:
2. 误:The song was sounded beautiful.
正:
七、主动语态表示被动意义的情况
(一) open , look , write , read , sell , clean , watch , cut , burn , drive等词作不及物动词时，它们的主语为物，可用主动结构表被动意义。

This kind of pen writes very smoothly.
These books sell well.
(二) look , sound , taste , smell 等感官动词用主动结构表被动意义。

Light music sounds very soft.
Mooncakes taste very delicious.
(三) be worth doing用主动形式表被动意义。

This book is worth reading. = This book is worth to be read.
(四) want / need / require + doing相当于want / need / require + to be done。

to be done 为不定式的被动结构。

My bike needs repairing.
=My bike needs to be repaired.
八、什么时候用被动语态
(一)不知道谁是动作的执行者，或没有必要指出谁是动作的执行者。

English is spoken all over the world.
(二)需要突出或强调动作的承受者。

This dictionary is used by most students.
(三) 当执行者不是人的时候。

Many houses were destroyed by this earthquake.
The whole village has been washed away by the flood.
(四) 表示客观的说明，并且常用” It is +p.p.” 的句式结构。

1. 据说有一位叫做神农的中国统治者是第一个发现茶可以作为一种饮料的。

that a Chinese ruler called Shen Nong was the first to discover tea as a drink.
2. 人们认为历史上第一次篮球赛是在1891年12月21日举行的。

that the first basketball game in history was played on December 21,1891.
3. 据报道，那场车祸是在昨天某个时候发生的。

that the car accident took place sometime yesterday.
4. 众所周知，中国人民是勤劳的。

that Chinese people are hard-working.
动词的语态专项练习
一、把下列各句变成被动语态。

1. My father often cooks meals at home.
→
2. They invited Yao Ming to play basketball yesterday.
→
3. We made this kind of car in Shanghai in 1980.
→
4. He must repair the computer now.
→
5. We should learn English well.
→
6. He has finished his homework.
→
7. They were watering trees at this time yesterday.
→
8. My mother sends me a present.
→
→
9. Miss Wang made us clean our classroom.
→
10. I saw him enter into the bank.
→
二、根据括号中动词的适当形式完成下列各题。

1. With the development of China , Chinese (teach )in more and more schools in foreign countries.
2. A talk on Chinese history (give) in the school hall. We’re looking forward to it.
3. These books may (keep) for two weeks.
4. The little boy is crying because his toy (kill) by someone a moment ago.
5. The work must (do) now at once.
6. These machines (make) in Beijing now.
7. Look at the trees on both sides of the streets. They (plant) last spring.
8. Nobody knew what (happen) to her daughter.
9. She was heard (sing) a beautiful song just now.
10. These shoes need (mend).
三、选择合适的答案完成下列各题。

1. I‵m sorry you can‵t go in now，the room yet.
A. hasn’t being cleaned
B. hasn’t cleaned
C. hasn’t been cleaned
D. isn’t being cleaned
2. —Tom is careless and always makes mistakes. Could you give him a hand? — Of course! But I think he to be careful.
A. should be told
B. should tell
C. can be told
D. is telling
3. The soup delicious.
A. is tasted
B. was tasted
C. tastes
D. tasted
4. The computer needs because it doesn’t work.
A. repair
B. to repair
C. to repairing
D. repairing
5. A bad traffic accident to her last Monday.
A. is happened
B. was happened
C. was taken place
D. happened
6. We computer games in the bar.
A. told not to play
B. were told not to play
C. told to not play
D. were told don’t play
7. The lost child was seen near the river an hour ago.
A. plays
B. played
C. play
D. to play
8. The sick man’s allowed to take a walk in the garden every day , ?
A. is he
B. isn’t he
C. has he
D. hasn’t he
9. Tom , you can go out to play football after your homework .
A. will finish
B. is finished
C. was finished
D. will be finished
10. A baby’s first month birthday is a special event in China and with a special party.
A. celebrates
B. is celebrated
C. was celebrated
D. will celebrate
四、按要求完成下列各题。

1. English should be spoken in and out of class. (改为否定句)
English in and out of class.
2. This picture was drawn by your sister. (变成一般疑问句)
this picture by your sister?
3. I saw a heavy man enter the house. (改为被动结构)
A heavy man the house.
4. 他相信无论这个问题有多难，最终都能被解决。

He believes that no matter how difficult the problem is , it can in the end.
5. 据说这次运动会将在下周一被举行。

It’s said that the sports meeting will on next Monday.。