最新中考人教版学年英语专题复习——非谓语动词(导学案)含答案

中考人教版学年英语专题复习——非谓语动词(导学案)含答案
【考点语法追溯】
考点一动词不定式
动词不定式的基本形式是“to＋动词原形”，否定形式是在不定式前加not，具有动词的特点，可以有自己的宾语和状语，但没有人称与数量的变化，在句中也不能作谓语，动词不定式及其宾语和状语构成不定式短语。

1．动词不定式作主语。

动词不定式作主语时，可以用动名词替换且常用it作形式主语，把不定式后置，常构成“It＋be＋adj.(＋for sb.)＋动词不定式”。

It's important (for us) to protect the environment.(对我们来说)保护环境很重要。

2．动词不定式作表语。

My job is to teach English.我的工作是教英语。

3．动词不定式作宾语或宾语补足语。

①后接动词不定式作宾语的动词或短语有want, begin/start, love, forget, remember, teach, decide, agree, seem, would like, plan等。

②后接动词不定式作宾语补足语的动词有ask, tell, invite, allow, want, wish, encourage等。

③在使役动词make, let, have和感官动词see, feel, look, smell等的后面作宾语补足语时，不定式符号to要省略。

help后的不定式可以带to也可以不带to。

★make sb. do sth.的被动语态必须加to。

★感官动词之后，可以加do，表示动作经常发生；也可加doing，表示动作正在发生或动作的一次性。

4．动词不定式作定语。

I have a lot of homework to do.我有许多家庭作业要做。

★不定式与所修饰的名词之间是动宾关系，如果不定式是不及物动词，它后面要有相关的介词。

The cat is easy to take care of.这只猫很好照顾。

5．动词不定式作状语。

Mrs. Wang went to Shanghai to see her daughter.王太太去上海看她女儿。

(表目的)
We're glad to meet you here.我们很高兴在这儿见到你。

(表原因)
He is too tired to work on.他太累了而不能继续工作了。

(表结果)
6．“疑问词＋不定式”结构。

疑问词who, what, when, where, how, which 等后接不定式，构成不定式短语，在句中作主语、宾语、表语等。

The teacher is telling the students what to do.老师正告诉同学们做什么。

He didn't know where to go/where he should go.他不知道去哪里。

7．动词不定式的特殊句型。

⎩⎪⎨⎪⎧too... to...太……而不能
Why don't you do sth.？为什么不做某事had better （not ） do sth.最好（不）做某事
prefer to do sth. rather than do sth.宁愿做某事，而不愿做某事make sb. do sth.让某人去做某事be made to do sth.被迫做某事
单项选择
1．(2019·湖北中考)Mr. Zhou is good at cooking and he has decided his own restaurant.
A ．open
B ．opened
C ．to open
D ．opening 2．(2019·四川成都中考改编)I got up early this morning my grandma at the airport.
A ．to pick up
B ．picking up
C ．picked up
D ．pick up
3．(2019·四川达州中考)—Julia, your mobile phone is ringing.
—
Wait a minute. It's dangerous it while crossing the street.
A ．answering
B ．answer
C ．to answer
D ．answered
答案 1～3 CAC
考点二 动名词
动名词由“动词原形＋­ing”构成，与现在分词同形。

动名词既有动词的性质(可有宾语和状语)，也有名词的性质，可作主语、宾语、表语或定语。

1．动名词常用结构：
①doing 结构有keep doing, av oid doing, consider doing, enjoy doing, feel like doing, finish doing, mind doing, stop doing, practice doing, suggest doing, understand doing, be busy doing, be good at doing, be interested in doing, can't help doing, give up doing, make a living (by) doing, put off doing, there be sb. doing sth.等。

②have ＋n .＋(in) doing 结构有have fun (in) doing, have trouble (in) doing, have a hard time (in) doing, have problems/difficulties (in) doing 等。

③to doing 结构有be/get used to doing, look forward to doing, pay attention to doing, prefer doing to doing 等。

2．有些动词既可接不定式也可接动名词，但表达的意义不同。

stop ⎩
⎪⎨⎪⎧to do sth.停下来去做另一件事doing sth.停止做某事 forget ⎩
⎪⎨⎪⎧to do sth.忘记做某事doing sth.忘记做过某事 remember ⎩
⎪⎨⎪⎧to do sth.记得去做某事doing sth.记得做过某事 try ⎩
⎪⎨⎪⎧to do sth.尽力去做某事doing sth.尝试做某事
(一)单项选择
1．(2019·湖北襄阳中考)The traffic is terribly busy in the morning. You'd better avoid in the center of the city.
A ．drive
B ．driving
C ．to drive
D ．driven
2．(江苏南京中考)Some people enjoy out their messages in bottles when they travel on the sea.
A ．to send
B ．send
C ．sending
D ．sent
(二)单词拼写与运用
(江苏盐城中考)All of us should look straight ahead and
keep (run)．
答案 (一)1～2 BC (二)running
考点三 现在分词
现在分词由“动词原形＋­ing”构成，表示主动、进行意义，具有形容词的作用，可在句中作表语、定语、宾语、补足语、状语等。

The crying girl can't find her mother.那个正在哭的女孩找不到她妈妈了。

(定语)
The story is interesting.这个故事很有趣。

(表语)
I saw him studying in the classroom.我看到他正在教室里学习。

(宾语补足语)
Studying hard, you will pass the exam.只要你努力学习，就会通过考试。

(状语)
考点四过去分词
由“动词原形＋­ed”构成，表示被动、完成意义，在句中作表语、定语、宾语补足语、状语等。

She is very tired.她很疲劳。

(表语)
The boy wore a pair of faded jeans.那个男孩穿了一条褪色的牛仔裤。

(定语)
She found the village greatly changed.她发现这个村庄变化很大。

(宾语补足语)
单词拼写与运用
(江苏宿迁中考)Our earth is becoming more and more (pollute) because of the rapid increase in population.
答案polluted
【考点必记】
一．后面可跟动词的ing形式的情况。

1.动词：
finish doing sth.完成做某事；
enjoy doing sth. 喜欢做某事；
practice doing sth. 练习做某事；
imagine doing,想象做某事；
avoid doing sth.避免做某事；
consider doing sth.考虑做某事；
suggest doing sth.建议做某事；
mind doing sth.介意做某事；
keep doing sth.持续做某事,
miss doing错过做,
advise doing建议做；
keep sb doing让某人一直做
2.固定短语：
feel like doing sth.喜欢做某事；
be busy doing sth.忙于做某事；
be worth doing 值得做某事；
spend time (in) doing sth.花费时间（金钱）做某事；
have difficult/trouble in doing sth做某事有困难；
have fun doing.做某事高兴
3. 介词后(on, in, of, about, at, with, without, for, from, up, by等)：
如：be good at doing sth.；thank you for doing sth.；give up doing sth.；
stop sb. from doing sth.；do well in doing sth.；be afraid of doing sth.；
be interested in doing sth.；be proud of；instead of；be fond of；
what/how about doing sth?做某事怎么样？
4. to作介词时，后跟动名词的情况：
look forward to doing sth期望做某事；
prefer doing sth. to doing sth与…相比较更喜欢…；
pay attention to doing注意做某事；
be/get used to doing sth.习惯于做某事；
make a contribution to doing为…做贡献
5. No+动名词，表示禁令：
No smoking禁止吸烟
No parking禁止停车
6. go+动名词，意思是去进行某种活动或运动：
go shopping,去购物；
go skating,去滑冰；go hiking去远足（旅行）
7. do some/the+动名词，指进行某种活动：
do some cleaning,搞卫生；
do some washing 洗衣服；
二．后面可跟动词的不定式形式的情况。

1.动词：
agree （sb）to do同意去做；
afford to do买得起；
decide to do决定去做某事；
hope to do希望去做；
wish （sb）to do希望去做；
fail to do做某事失败去；
plan to do打算去做；
pretend to do假装去做；
refuse to do拒绝去做；
would like to do想要去做；
want （sb）to do想要去做某事；
learn to do 学做；
prefer to do sth. 喜欢（爱）做某事；
sb. seem to do sth好像做某事；
want/would like to do sth. 想做……；
used to do sth. 过去常做某事
2.句型：
(1)动词：
allow sb. to do sth. 允许某人去做某事（区分allow doing sth）
ask sb. (not) to do sth. 叫某人做事某事（叫某人不要去做某事）
tell sb. (not) to do sth. 叫某人去（不要）做某事
follow sb. to do sth. 跟随某人去做某事
get sb. to do sth. 让某人去做某事
warn sb. (not) to do sth. 警告某人做某事（或不要做某事）
encourage sb to do鼓励某人做、expect sb to do期待某人做
invite sb to do邀请某人做、teach sb to do教会某人做
advise sb to do建议某人做（区分下advise/suggest doing sth）
(2) Be+adj（情感类的形容词）+to do
be amazed to do sth. 对做某事感到惊讶
be afraid to do sth. 害怕做某事
be excited to do sth. 对做……感到兴奋
be frightened to do sth. 害怕去做某事
be glad / happy to do sth. 高兴去做某事
be / get ready to do sth.准备做某事
be sorry to do sth. 对做某事感到抱歉
be surprised to do sth. 对做某事感到惊奇
（3）动词不定式在句中作定语时一般都要放在所修饰名词或代词的后面。

如：1、a chance to do sth 做某事的一个机会
2、the way to do sth 做某事的办法
3、the best time to do sth 做某事的最佳时间
4、something to eat 一些吃的东西
5、something to drink 一些喝的东西
6、a lot of work to do 许多要做的工作
如: get / have a chance to do sth. 得到一个做某事的机会
（4）It’s+形容词（adj.）+for(of) +sb +to do sth对某人来说做某事怎么样
分析：形容词（adj.）修饰文中的事情既to do sth时，人前的介词用for ；但是如果形容词（adj.）修饰文中的人既sb时，人前面的介词用of.
如：①It’s hard for me to learn English well.（句子hard 是修饰动词不定式to learn english well，意为学好英语难，所以用的介词是for sb.）
②It’s kind of you to help me.（句中kind“善良的”修饰you(人) 意为你善良，所以介词用of sb.）
（5）其它的常考情况：
It takes sb. some time/money to do sth. 花费某人多长时间做某事（常考）
It’s best for sb. to do sth. 对某人来说做某事是最好的
It’s time for sb. to do sth. 是某人做某事的时候了
can’t wait to do sth. 迫不急待地去做某事
too…(for sb.) to …太……以致不能…… （和not… enough to do意思相同）
sth. is hard/difficult/easy to do 做好某事很难/容易
take turns to do sth. 轮流做……
There is no time (for sb. ) to do sth. 对（某人来说）没时间做某事了
There is no need (for sb.) to do sth. 对某人来说没必要做某事
try/do one’s best to do sth. 尽力去做某事
三、后既能跟不定式也能跟动名词的情况。

1、后加不定式或动名词意思相近的动词。

有些动词接动名词V.+ing和动词不定式to do意义相近。

如：like(喜欢)，love(喜欢)，hate(憎恨)，prefer(宁可)，begin(开始)，start(开始)，continue(继续)等词后加不定式或动名词区别不大：
like to do 表示想要做某一具体的动作；like doing 表示一般或抽象的多次动作, 它们在实际使用中区别很小。

2、后加不定式或动名词区别较大的动词：
remember to do(记住去做), remember doing(记得做过) ;
forget to do(忘记去做), forget doing(忘记做过) ;
try to do(设法做) , try doing(试着做) ;
go on to do(接着做另一事) , go on doing(继续做同一事) ;
stop to do(停下来去做) , stop doing(停止做);
can’t help to do(不能帮助做) , can’t help doing(情不自禁做) 。

1．在感官动词和使役动词后：feel，hear，listen to，watch，look at，see，notice ，make，let，have 等后跟动词不定式作宾语补足语时应省去不定式符号to。

注意：将此句改为被动句时，省去的不定式符号to应加上。

在动词help后跟不定式作宾语或宾语补足语时，既可带to，也可不带to。

2.助动词或情态动词后：do, did, does, will, shall, would, should, can, may, must等后面接不带to的动词不定式。

3.某些固定句型中：
1）Will（Would）you please（not）．．．？请（不要）做某事好吗？
2）had better最好做某事
3）Why not．．．？为何不做某事
4) would rather(not)...宁可(不)；宁愿(不)此句型也可以扩展成：would rather...than...=would...rather than...。

5）在祈使语气(或口语)中。

6）接省to的动词不定式做宾语补足语的动词有：（使役动词）
1.】make sb do 使某人做
2.】let sb.do让某人做
3.】have sb do使某人做
4.】help sb do \to do帮助某人做
五．既可跟动词原形又可跟动词ing形式的情况。

1. see,watch,hear等动词，后面既可跟原形又可跟动名词形式，跟原形时表示做过或经常做，跟动名词时表示正在做：
see/watch sb. do sth.看到某人做过(经常做）某事
see/watch sb. doing sth.看到某人正在做某事
hear sb. do sth.听到某人做过（经常做）某事
hear sb. doing sth.听到某人正在做某事
2. 有些动词具有不同的词义时，用法不同：
如：need需要，必须(既可以做实义动词，也可做情态动词)
①sb need to do某人（做主语）需要做某事
②sth need doing= sth need to be done某事（做主语）需要被做
如：The bike needs repairing.含被动之意，相当于The bike needs to be repaired.
③You needn’t(译：不必)come。

这里need为情态动词。

3. 动词过去分词作后置定语，有被动之意。

（1）一个叫…的（人，地名），如：
a boy called / named Jim.
a place called Liaoning.
a place called Dayushu.
（2）某人写的书，如：
a book written by Lu Xun
【习题追踪】
1.Harry invited me_______ with him when his parents were out of town.
A. stay
B. staved
C. staying
D. to stay
2.It was raining. My father asked me a raincoat.
A.take
B. takes
C. took
D. to take
3.Some people enjoy ____ out their messages in bottles when they travel on the sea.
A. to send
B. send
C. sending
D. sent
4.—I’m considering ______broad for further study, but I haven’t decided yet.
—You’d better ask y our English teacher for some advice.
A. going
B. to go
C. go
5.I got up early this morning my grandma at the airport.
A. to pick up
B. picking up
C. picked up
6. Mom does all the housework so that Sarah can take the time her words on paper.
A. put
B. putting
C. to put
D. puts
7. 一Why doesn't the surgeon stop lunch?
一Because he is too busy a dying patient in the operation room.
A. to have; to save
B. having; to save
C. to have; saving
D. having; saving
8. Xu Y uanchong, a 96-year-old man, devotes most of his lifetime to works of literature.
A. translate
B. translates
C. translating
D. translated
9. I saw Tom his key in the lock, turn it and open the door.
A. put
B. putting
C. puts
D. to put
10.John told his little daughter the earth _____ from the west to the east.
A. moved
B. moving
C. moves
D. move
11.Mr. Zhou is good at cooking and he has decided ____his own restaurant.
A.open
B. opened
C. to open
D. opening
12.Sue practices _____the violin hard and often gives wonderful performances.
A. play
B. played
C. to play
D. playing
13.During the Spring Festival, the young ______ a kowtow (磕头) to the elders, but now they only give them best wishes.
A. used to give
B. were used to give
C.were used to giving
14.At least 300 million people are using QQ_________by Ma Huateng to chat on line.
A.create
B.creates
C.creating
D.created
15.—Where's your brother now,Bob?
—I saw him _______in the street a moment ago and I told him_________.
A.playing;don't do so
B.playing;not to so
C.play;to do so
16.Don't forget _________an umbrella _______you.It's going to rain.
A.to take;to
B.taking;to
C.to take;with
D.taking;with
17.English is very important,so I practice________it very hard.
A.speaks
B.to speak
C.speaking
D.speak
18.Most of the young people enjoy ______ Jay Chou's songs.
A.sing
B.sang
C.singing
D.to sing
19.As teenagers, we're old enough __________ with housework. We can help set the table, wash the dishes and clean our own rooms.
A. to help
B. helping
C. helped
20.—Hi,Steve!Our teachers told us_____an electric bike.It's too dangerous.—I'm sorry.I won't do it again.
A.to ride
B.not ride
C.not to ride
21.After several campus (校园) attacks, many schools across the country have already taken action _______ their campuses ______.
A. making, safe
B. made, safe
C. to make, safer
D. make, safe
22.—What would you like for breakfast ?
—I like hamburgers . But now I' d like ________ some cakes.
A. eating
B. to eat
C. to drink
D. drinking
23.The Monkey King can make 72 changes to his shape and size, himself into different animals and
objects.
A. turned
B. to turn
C. turning
D. turn
24. 一Why did you buy so many flowers?
一my wife. I did something wrong yesterday. She is still angry with me.
A. Please
B. To please
C. Pleasing
D. Be pleased
25.. 一How does your brother go to school?
一He ride a bike, but now he there to keep fit.
A. used to; is used to walk
B. used to; is used to walking
C. was used to; is used to walking
D. was used to; is used to walk
26.Some people enjoy ____ out their messages in bottles when they travel on the sea.
A. to send
B. send
C. sending
D. sent
27.—I’m considering ______broad for further study, but I haven’t decided yet.
—You’d better ask your English teacher for some advice.
A. going
B. to go
C. go
28.I got up early this morning my grandma at the airport.
A. to pick up
B. picking up
C. picked up
29.Every morning. Tim often sees some groups of middle-aged women_______in the square.
A. dance
B. to dance
C. dances
D. danced
一、英语阅读理解专项练习试卷
1．阅读理解
Old age may not sound exciting. But recent findings offer good news for older people and for people worried about getting older. Researchers found that people become happier and experience less worry after they reach the age of 50.In fact, they say by the age of 85, people are happier with their life than they were when they were 18 years old.
The findings came from a survey of more than 340, 000 adults in the United States. The Gallup Organization questioned them by telephone. At that time, the people were between the ages of 18 and 85.The researchers asked questions about emotions, like happiness, sadness and worry. They also asked about mental（气质）or
emotional stress.
Arthur Stone in the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science at Stony Brook University in New York led the study. His team found that levels of stress were highest among adults between the ages of 24 and 25.The findings showed that stress levels dropped sharply after people reached their fifties.
The study also showed that men and women have similar feeling patterns as they grow older. However, women at all ages reported more sadness, stress and worry than men.
Researchers say they do not know why happiness increases as people get older. One theory is that, as people grow older, they grow more thankful for what they have and have better control of their feelings. So they spend less time thinking about bad experiences.
Professor Stone says the emotional patterns could be connected with changes in how people see the world, or maybe even changes in brain chemistry.
The researchers also considered possible influences like having young children, being unemployed（被解雇）or being single. But they found that influences like these did not affect（影响）the levels of happiness.
（1）Who would probably show the greatest interest in the passage?
A. Those who are worried about getting old.
B. Those who are single and unemployed.
C. Those who feel unhappy all the time.
D. Those who suffer from mental stress.
（2）When may people have the highest level of stress?
A. At the age of 20.
B. At the age of 25.
C. At the age of 35.
D. At the age of 40.
（3）According to Arthur Stone's idea, old people may .
A. control their behaviors better
B. know how to spend money wisely
C. dream about good things every day
D. have a positive attitude towards their life
（4）What would be the best title for this passage?
A. The Younger, the Happier
B. The Young Are Happier than the Old
C. Getting Older Means Getting Happier
D. Women Are Easier to Be Happy in Life
【答案】（1）A
（2）B
（3）D
（4）C
【解析】【分析】文章大意：重点介绍的是老年人的幸福感问题，作者通过一个调查研究告诉我们随着年
龄的增长，人们的幸福感会越来越强。

（1）细节理解题。

根据文中的语句 But recent findings offer good news for older people and for people worried about getting older. 理解可知，对于老年人来说，或是担心年龄增长的人来说是个好消息，所以他们会感兴趣，故选A。

（2）细节理解题。

根据文中第三段His team found that levels of stress were highest among adults between the ages of 24 and 25.描述可知，24与25的年轻人的压力最大，故选B。

（3）细节理解题。

根据文中语句as people grow older, they grow more thankful for what they have and have better control of their feelings. So they spend less time thinking about bad experiences.可知，随着年龄的增长，人们的幸福感越来越强，对生活的态度越来越积极。

故选D。

（4）标题理解归纳题。

通读全文可知，这篇短文的中心就是越老生活越满足，幸福指数越高，变老意味着变得更幸福。

故选C。

【点评】本文浅显易懂，层次分明，很容易把握文章中心内容。

答题中注意带着问题阅读短文，一般就能顺利找出答题依据。

对于不能直接找到根据的问题注意联系上下文，根据短文中心总结出正确答案。

2．阅读理解
A wealthy man asked an old scholar to tell his son away from his bad habits. The scholar took the young man for a walk through a garden. Stopping suddenly, he told the boy to pull out a tiny plant growing there.
The young man made it easily. The old man then asked him to pull out a little bigger plant. The young man pulled hard and the plant came out with its roots. “Now pull out that one,” said the old man, pointing to a little tree. The boy had to use all his strength to pull it out.
“Now take this one out,” said the old man, pointing at a big orange tree. The young man held the trunk (树干) and tried to pull it out. But it would not move. “It's impossible”, said the boy, panting (喘息) with the effort.
“So it is with bad habits,” said the old man. “When they are young, it is easy to pull them out. But when they go deeply, they cannot be uprooted.”
The conversation with the old man changed the boy's life.
（1）The scholar asked the young man to take a walk with him in the__________.
A. forest
B. park
C. garden
D. school
（2）The scholar asked the young man to pull out plants for _____times.
A. four
B. two
C. three
D. five
（3）According to the passage, the scholar must be __________.
A. a stupid man
B. a lazy man
C. a wise man
D. a funny man
（4）This passage mainly talks about___________.
A. we need exercise more to pull trees out
B. how to get away from bad habits
C. talking with a scholar is very important
D. the earlier getting away from bad habits, the better
【答案】（1）C
（2）A
（3）C
（4）D
【解析】【分析】短文大意：一个富人请求一位智者去除儿子的坏习惯。

智者把这个孩子带到了公园，要求这个年轻人先后四次拔出植物，由易到难，去除坏习惯也是如此，当它们还不明显的时候，去除它们很容易，但是当它们深深扎根的时候，就难以去除了。

智者的这堂特殊的课改掉了孩子的坏习惯，改变了男孩的一生。

（1）C细节理解题。

根据短文第一段中的句子“The scholar took the young man for a walk through a garden.”可知，智者让青年人在花园里与他一起散步，故答案为C。

（2）A细节理解题。

根据短文中出现的句子to pull out a tiny plant ，to pull out a little bigger plant. Now pull out that one, said the old man, pointing to a little tree. “Now take this one out,” said the old man, pointing at a big orange tree.可知，智者要求这个年轻人先后四次拔出植物。

故答案为A。

（3）C推理判断题。

智者要求这个年轻人先后四次拔出植物，由易到难，去除坏习惯也是如此，当它们还不明显的时候，去除它们很容易，但是当它们深深扎根的时候，就难以去除了。

智者的这堂特殊的课改掉了孩子的坏习惯，改变了男孩的一生，足以说明智者的聪明之处，故答案选C。

（4）D主旨大意题。

根据短文倒数第二段智者的话：“So it is with bad habits,” said the old man. “When they are young, it is easy to pull them out. But when they go deeply, they cannot be uprooted.”可知，坏习惯要及早的去除，越早远离坏习惯，越好。

故答案为D。

【点评】主旨大意题（主题、标题）在阅读理解中经常会出现。

第四小题适合用捕捉主旨大意来解题。

所谓主旨大意，也就是文章的中心思想，主题思想，中心观点，它常常针对文章的主题，作者的写作意图，
文章段落的中心思想进行提问，这类题也叫归纳概括题。

文中智者用拔植物的难易来类比坏习惯的去除也是如此。

当它们还不明显的时候，去除它们很容易，但是当它们深深扎根的时候，就难以去除了。

也就是说越早远离坏习惯越好。

答案为D。

3．阅读理解
You think it's "cool" to carry your backpacks and head out to school. But if you don't know exactly how to choose, load, lift and wear them-these all-important accessories(配件)can be a pain in the back. Not to mention the neck, head and shoulders.
Backpacks can influence your health. Carrying a heavy load improperly can lead to poor body position; and even hurt the spinal column(脊柱)This can cause muscle strain, headaches, back, neck and arm pain.
For example, if it is carried on one shoulder; a heavy backpack forces the muscles and spine to balance the unequal weight. This may increase the possible back problems later in life.
More than 50 percent of young people suffer back pain by their teenage years. Research shows that this could be mainly caused (场)improper use of backpacks.
Here's some advice to help you carry backpacks comfortably and safely.
Choose the right backpack. Forget leather (皮革)! It looks great, but it's far too heavy. Go for canvas(帆布). Pick a pack that has two wide, adjustable, comfortable shoulder straps(带子), along with a hip or waist strap, and plenty of pockets. Make sure the pack fits properly and its size is suitable for the wearer's body.
Packing it properly. Only put in the pack what is needed for that day. It's a good idea to know what each object weighs. The total weight of the filled pack should be no more than 10 to 15 percent of the wearer's own body weight. Pack heaviest objects close to the body, and place little ones outside, away from the back.
Putting the backpack on. Put the pack on a smooth surface, at waist height. Put on the pack, one shoulder at a time, then adjust(调整)the straps to fit comfortably. Remember when lifting a backpack, or anything, to lift using the arms and legs and to bend at the knees.
The right way to wear a backpack. Both shoulder straps should be used, and adjusted so that the pack fits the body, without hanging to one side. Backpacks should never be worn over just one shoulder. You should be able to move your hands between the backpack and your back. The waist strap should also be worn.
Take the above advice, and you may not complain back pain, numbness or weakness in your arms and legs any more.
（1）What could mainly cause some young people to suffer back pain by their teenage years?
A. Too much homework.
B. Poor treatment for backs.
C. Improper use of backpacks.
D. Unhealthy sleep position
（2）Which of the following does the writer suggest?
①Choose leather backpacks because it looks "cool" to go to school.
②Pick a pack that its size is suitable for the wearer's body.
③Make sure the backpack contains only what is needed for that day
④Pack heaviest objects close to the body, and place little ones outside.
⑤Put the pack on a smooth surface, above the waist height.
A. ①②④
B. ①③⑤
C. ②③④
D. ②③⑤
（3）If a boy weighs 40kg, how heavy should his filled backpack be at most?
A. About 4kg.
B. About 6kg.
C. About 10kg.
D. About 15kg.
（4）What is the passage mainly about?
A. Some problems that teenagers face in their study at school.
B. The suitable backpack material that you should choose.
C. The good influence that backpacks have on your health
D. Some advice on how to carry backpacks comfortably and safely.
【答案】（1）C
（2）C
（3）B
（4）D
【解析】【分析】短文大意：短文主要讲述背包影响学生的健康，如何舒服地和安全地使用背包。

（1）细节理解题。

根据More than 50 percent of young people suffer back pain by their teenage years. Research shows that this could be mainly caused (场)improper use of backpacks. 可知不正确使用背包可能谁引起背疼。

故选C。

（2）细节判断题。

根据 Make sure the pack fits properly and its size is suitable for the wearer's body. 保证背包的大小与背书包的人相符，即②；Only put in the pack what is needed for that day. 需要的时候才背书包，即③ ；Pack heaviest objects close to the body, and place little ones outside, away from the back. 当背重物的时候，背包需要贴近身体，背轻的东西时，可以离远点，即④ ；故选C。

（3）细节理解题。

根据 The total weight of the filled pack should be no more than 10 to 15 percent of the wearer's own body weight. 这个男孩四十公斤，可知他最多背15%×40kg=6kg，故选B。

（4）此题考查主旨大意。

这篇短文主要对如何正确使用背包使人更舒服更安全给出的几点建议，故选D。

【点评】此题考查阅读理解。

先阅读短文，理解短文大意。

然后进行审题，弄清题意，带着问题阅读短文，从短文的细节中找出细节理解问题的答案。

对于主旨大意题要根据文章的中心思想确定。

4．阅读理解
When he didn't become famous, Albert Einstein, one of the greatest scientists in the world, lived a hard life, wearing casually. Someone reminded him he should have a decent(得体的) coat so as to enter the society.
He said, "I'm unknown. Even if I wear more handsomely, no one will know me. "A few years later, Einstein became a world-famous scientist, who still wore casually. The man again reminded he should have a coat made quickly, or it would disagree with the fame of a great scientist. Einstein said with a smile, "Now, even if I wear ragged(衣衫褴褛的)clothes, people will know me."
Sometimes, he even wore a sports shirt and a pair of sandals to the University of Berlin when he worked as a professor in Germany. His friends didn't agree with him, but he said jokingly, "If the bag is better than the meat inside, it will be a bad thing."
Indeed, many a time, if we don't adorn(修饰;装饰) ourselves from the appearance but let the skeleton(骨架;骨骼) of the spirit stand up, we won't fall over in this world.
（1）Einstein was a great__________.
A. reporter
B. writer
C. scientist
D. artist
（2）Before becoming famous, when someone reminded him to have a decent coat. Einstein____.
A. had a decent coat quickly
B. still wore casually
C. quarreled with the person
D. wore more handsomely then
（3）What can we learn from the fourth paragraph?
A. Einstein was unfriendly to his friends.
B. Einstein once studied in the University of Berlin.
C. Einstein didn't like his work as a professor in Germany.
D. Einstein thought the things inside a person were more important than the appearance.
【答案】（1）C
（2）B
（3）D
【解析】【分析】文章大意：世界著名科学家爱因斯坦成名前后都穿着随意，面对人们的劝说，他的回答发人深思。

他认为：一个人内在的品质要比外表更重要。

我们应该让精神的骨架站起来，才能立于不败之地。

（1）细节理解题。

由文中语句Albert Einstein，one of the greatest scientists in the world可知，爱因斯坦是一位伟大的科学家。

故选C。

（2）推理判断题。

根据第一段最后 Someone reminded him he should have a decent(得体的) coat so as to enter the society.“有人提醒他为了融入社会他应该有一件得体的外套”；第二段语句 He said, "I'm unknown. Even if I wear more handsomely, no one will know me. "爱因斯坦回答“我没有名气。

即便我穿得更英俊漂亮，也没有人会认识我。

”由此推断，爱因斯坦没有听从别人劝告，依然穿着很随意，故选B。

（3）推理判断题。

阅读短文第四段可知，爱因斯坦在柏林大学工作时，穿着运动衫和凉鞋去学校，朋友
们不赞同时，他说“如果袋子比里面的肉好，那将是一件坏事。

”这里爱因斯坦将袋子和肉分别比作人的外在和内在，故选D。

【点评】考查阅读理解。

本文考查细节题和推理判断等常考题型，推理判断题要注意从文中抓住关键词寻找答案；主旨题需要通读全文，了解大意之后找出正确选项。

5．阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C三个选项中，选出最佳选项。

What will the world of the future be like? There are plenty of people who are happy to give their opinion of what we will be doing in 2050. Here are two predictions about the world of tomorrow.
When we dream about the future, many like to think of owning a personal flying car. The advantages are obvious. This technology would allow total freedom of movement. We could fly at 480 km per hour, avoiding traffic lights and busy roads. However, some people believe there will be problems with traffic control. If the cars become popular, there is likely to be air traffic jam. Another big problem is mechanical failure. What will happen if the cars stop working? These are problems we must expect if flying cars become a reality.
Three-dimensional printing is another new technology with exciting possibilities. 3D printers are used to build an object with liquid plastic.
They build the object layer by layer until it is complete. Car companies already use 3D printers to make life-size models of car parts, and medical companies use the technology to make man-made body parts. As we move into the future, 3D printing will revolutionize the way we shop, the way we manufacture and the way we treat sick people. The disadvantage is that such equipment will be extremely expensive.
So in the future, we might be able to fly to work or print out new shoes. Although there are some problems to solve before this will be possible, we can certainly dream of a world where technology makes life easier and safer for millions of people.
（1）What is the passage mainly about?
A. Environmental protection.
B. The world of tomorrow.
C. Advantages of technology.。