关系副词

关系副词主要有when, where, why等，在定语从句中作状语，分别表示时间、在点和原因。

when主要放在time, day, years, season, age, occasion等时间的名词后；where 主要放在place, city, town, village, house等地点名词后；why则通常只放在reason 后。

1.关系副词的用法
1)when的用法
关系副词when在定语从句中用作状语，表示时间，用以修饰表示时间的先行词；在许多情况下可以理解为“介词+which”（which的意思与先行词所表示的意思相同），其中的“介词”通常应根据先行词的搭配来确定。

1988 was the year when he was born. 1988是他的出生的那一年。

I'll never forget the day when I first met you. 我永远不会忘记第一次见你的那天。

Don't forget the time when the wedding will start. 不要忘记婚礼开始的时间。

2)where的用法
关系副词where在定语从句中用作状语，表示地点，用以修饰表示地点的先行词；在许多情况下也可以理解为“介词+which”（which的意思与先行词所表示的意思等价），其中的“介词”通常应根据先行词的含与搭配来确定。

What is the name of the town where you live? 你住的那个城市叫什么名字?
This cross marks the spot where she died. 这个十字符号标明她死去的地点。

3)why的用法
①关系副词why在定语从句中也是用作状语，表示原因；why引导定语从句时，其先行词
只有一个，那就是the reason；在许多情况下why也可以理解为for which。

These are the reasons why we do it. 这些就是我们这样做的理由。

Do you know the reason why she doesn't like me? 你知道她不喜欢我的原因吗?
②why是一个比较特殊的关系副词，它引导定语从句时，除可换成for which外，有时也可
换成that，甚至省略。

他失去工作的主要原因是他喝酒。

The main reason why he lost his job was that he drank.
The main reason for which he lost his job was that he drank.
The main reason that he lost his job was that he drank.
The main reason he lost his job was that he drank.
4)关系副词that的用法
that可用作关系副词。

在表明方式、时间或地点的单词后面，常用that来代替in which，when或where, that也可省去。

①表示方式时，that=in+which常省去。

此时不能用how引导定语从句，但可以把the way
去掉之后，直接用how引导。

I don't like the way(in which/that/省略) these parents treat their children我不喜欢这些
家长对待孩子的方式。

I don't like how these parents treat their children. 我不喜欢这些家长对待孩子的方式。

②表示地点时，that=where=介词+which也可省掉。

Do you know anywhere (that ) I can put up for the night? 你知道在哪里我能找个投宿的地方吗？
This is the place that/where/at which he works 这就是他工作的地方。

③表示时间时，that (=when=介词+which)也可省掉。

This is the last time that I shall give you a lesson. 这将是最后一次我给你们上课。

We left the day (that/when) he arrived. 我们在他来的那天走的。

④关系副词that有时还可用来代替关系副词why，表示原因。

The reason that/why he lost his life was lack of medical care. 他的死是由于缺乏医疗。

2.关系副词的省略
1)关系副词when的省略
用作时间状语的关系副词when通常不能省略，但有一种特殊情况，即用于day, year, time 等少数几个词后时可以省略(也可换成that)。

That was the year (when) I first went abroad. 那是我第一次出国的一年。

Now is the time (when) I need him most. 现在是我最需要他的时候。

Do you remember the days (when) there were no jet planes? 你还记得那个没有喷气机的年代吗?
I'll never forget the day (that) we met. 我永远也忘不了我们见面的那一天。

2)关系副词where的省略
用作地点状语的关系副词where通常不能省略，但有一种特殊情况，即用于place, somewhere, anywhere, everywhere, nowhere少数几个词后时可以省略(也可换成that)。

This is the place (where) they met yesterday. 这就是他们昨天碰头的地方。

Have you somewhere (where) I can lie down for an hour? 你有没有一个什么地方可以让我躺一个小时？
Have you got somewhere (where) I can lie down for a while? 你有什么地方我可以稍躺一会儿。

We need a place (where) we can stay for a few days. 我们需要一个能住几天的地方。

Do you know anywhere (where) I can buy a second-hand typewriter? 你知道哪里能买到旧打字机吗?
I know somewhere (where) you can eat Japanese food. 我认识个地方可以吃日本菜。

3)关系副词why的省略
关系副词why通常只用于the reason后引导定语从句，且通常可换成that或for which，均可省略。

如：
That's the reason why/for which/that he came. 这就是他来的原因。

Can you tell me the reason (why) he's so late? 你可否告诉我他为何来得这么晚?
That wasn’t the reason (that) he lied to you. 那不是他对你撒谎的原因。

That's one of the reasons (why) I asked you to come. 这是我要你来的原因之一。