2020届上海外国语大学附属浦东外国语学校高三英语二模试题及答案解析

2020届上海外国语大学附属浦东外国语学校高三英语二模试题及答案
解析
第一部分阅读（共两节，满分40分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项
A
A medical capsule robot is a small,often pill-sized device that can do planned movement inside the body after being swallowed or surgically inserted. Most models use wireless electronics or magnets or a combination of the two to control the movement of the capsule. Such devices have been equipped with cameras to allow observation and diagnosis, with sensors that “feel,” and even with mechanical needles that administer drugs.
But in practice, Biomechatronics engineer Pietro Valdastri has found that developing capsule models from scratch (从头开始) is costly, time-consuming and requires advanced skills. “The problem was we had to do them from scratch every time,” said Valdastri in an interview. “And other research groups were redeveloping those same modules from scratch, which didn’t make sense.”
Since most of the capsules have the same parts of components: a microprocessor, communication submodules, an energy source, sensors, and actuators (致动器), Valdastri and his team made the modular platform in which the pieceswork in concertand can be interchanged with ease. They also developed a flexible board on which the component parts are snapped in like Legos. The board can be folded to fit the body of the capsule, down to about 14 mm. Additionally, they compiled (编译) a library of components that designers could choose from, enabling hundreds of different combinations. They arranged it all in a free online system. Designers can take the available designs or adapt them to their specific needs.
“Instead of redeveloping all the modules from scratch, people with limited technological experience can use our modules to build their own capsule robots in clinical use and focus on their innovation,” Valdastri said.
Now, the team has designed a capsule equipped with a surgical clip to stop internal bleeding. Researchers at Scotland’s Royal Infirmary of Edinburg have also expressed interest in using the system to make a crawling capsule that takes images of the colon(结肠). One research group, led by professors at the Institute of Digestive Disease of the Chinese University of HongKong, is making a swimming capsule equipped with a camera that pushes itself through the stomach.
One limitation of Valdastri’s system is that it’s only for designing models. Researchers can confirm their hypotheses (假设) and do first design using the platform, but will need to move to a custom approach to develop
their capsules further and make them practical for clinical use.
1. According to the passage, Valdastri and his team created the platform to ________.
A. adopt the latest technologies
B. make their robots dream come true
C. help build specialized capsule robots
D. do preciser observation and diagnosis
2. What does the underlined phrase “work in concert” mean in Para.3?
A. Perform live.
B. Run independently.
C. Act in a cooperative way.
D. Carry on step by step.
3. What can be learnt from the passage?
A. Valdastri’s system can’t provide a complete capsule creation.
B. The modular platform is more useful than a custom approach.
C. The capsules can move in human’s body automatically.
D. It costs more to module the capsules on the board.
B
Did you know that horses talk? Well, they do, and you can lean to understand “horse talk” if you pay close attention to the horses you see.
When horses live in the wild, other animals try to eat them, so a lot of horse talk is about staying alive. Even now, when most horses live on farms, they watch for danger. For this reason, never walk behind a horse. If you surprise it, the horse might mistake you for a mountain lion or wolf and give a dangerous kick.
By watching the ears of a horse, you can get clues to what it's hearing. A horse can tum each ear in a different direction. For a wild horse, this trick is important for survival. The horse can hear something sneaking up behind it while also checking out a threatening noise in front. When a horse lets its ears down, it's feeling safe and relaxed. If horses becomeisolated, they neigh, or “whinny,” calling for company. They're saying, “Where are you? I'm over here!” If a horse snorts(哼) while holding its head high and staring at something, it's saying, “That looks dangerous. Get ready to run!” When two horses meet, they put their noses together and smell each other's breath. It's their way of asking, “Are you a friend?” Horses nicker,too. Nickering is a quiet sort of sound. This friendly noise means they're feeling secure and saying, “Clad to see you.”
In the wild, horses live in herds, with all members watching for danger. In a herd, only one horse is the leader, the “boss hoss”. The “boss hoss” is usually an older female. She watches for threats and teaches younger horses
how to behave. However, others may want her job. When that happens, she pins her ears back against her head and may even bite or kick to get challengers to back off. She's using body language to say, “Hey, I'm in charge here!” All horses know that the one who makes others move is the leader. Horses relate to people that way, too.
Horses have a language of their own. Now you know a bit of what they might be saying.
4. What is the general idea of this passage?
A. Horses can talk with their owners.
B. You can know a bit of horses' language.
C. Horses can “talk” in their own way.
D. Other animals can also learn language.
5. What does the underlined word “isolated” in Paragraph 3 mean?
A. Lonely.
B. Glad.
C. Sad.
D. Frightened.
6. What will a horse do when he wants to know whether another horse is a friend?
A. He will let his ears down.
B. He and another horse will put their noses together and smell each other's breath.
C They both will hold their heads high and stare at something.
D. He will give another horse a dangerous kick.
7. How will the “boss hoss” deal with her challengers?
A. By warning or fighting.
B. By watching for threats.
C. By teaching younger horses how to behave.
D. By relating to people.
C
Move over, helicopter parents. “Snowplow (扫雪机) parents” are the newest reflection of an intensive (强化的) parenting style that can include parents booking their adult children haircuts, texting their college kids to wake them up so they don’t sleep through a test, and even calling their kids’ employers.
Helicopter parenting the practice of wandering anxiously near one’s children, monitoring their every activity, is so 20th century. Some rich mothers and fathers now are more like snowplows: machines moving ahead, clearing any difficulties in their children’s path to success, so they don’t have to suffer failure, frustration (挫折) or lose opportunities.
It starts early, when parents get on wait lists for excellent preschools before their babies are born and try to make sure their kids never do anything that may frustrate them. It gets more intense when school starts: running forgotten homework to school or calling a coach to request that their children make the team.
Rich parents may have more time and money to devote to making sure their children don’t ever meet with failure, but it’s not only rich parents practicing snowplow parenting. This intensive parenting has become the most welcome way to raise children, regardless of income, education, or race.
Yes, it’s a parent’s job to support the children, and to use their adult wisdom to prepare for the future when their children aren’t mature enough to do so. That’s why parents hide certain toys from babies to avoid getting angry or take away a teenager’s car keys until he finishes his college applications.
But snowplow parents can take it too far, some experts say. If children have never faced a difficulty, what happens when they get into the real world?
“Solving problems, taking risks and overcoming frustration are key life skills,” many child development experts say, “and if parents don’t let their children experience failure, the children don’t acquire them.”
8. What do we know about snowplow parenting?
A. It appeared before helicopter parenting.
B. It costs parents less than helicopter parenting.
C. It was a typical phenomenon of the 20th century.
D. It provides more than enough services for children.
9. What is mainly discussed about snowplow parenting in Paragraph 4?
A. Its cost.
B. Its benefits.
C. Its popularity.
D. Its ending.
10. Why does the author mention parents’ taking away car keys?
A. To show teenagers are no better than babies.
B. To advise teenagers not to treat their cars as toys.
C. To advise parents not to buy cars for their teenagers.
D. To show it’s appropriate to help children when necessary.
11. What’s the possible result of snowplow parenting according to the experts?
A. Children lacking problem-solving ability in reality.
B. Children mastering more key life skills than parents.
C. Children gaining great success in every aspect of life.
D. Children meeting no problems or frustration after growing up.
D
Have you ever done something that was really dangerous just because you thought it was safe？Maybe you did a dangerous trick on your bicycle or skateboard because you were wearing a helmet and thought you couldn’t get hurt. The psychology(心理) of this sort of behavior is called the Peltzman Effect, named after Sam Peltzman, professor of economics at the University of Chicago. Peltzman believes that those moments when people think they are the safest are the times when they act most dangerously.
Peltzman said that people drove more dangerously when they wore seat belts(安全带) . Driving a large four-wheel drive vehicle has a similar effect on drivers’ behavior. Because drivers of large vehicles sit up higher and can see better, they feel they can make better judgments when they drive. They are better protected in accidents,so they act more dangerously. This makes driving morehazardousto other drivers.
The Peltzman Effect isn’t just limited to driving. In 1972, the American Food and Drug Administration (FDA) passed a law requiring child safety caps on most medicine bottles. The safety caps were designed to prevent children from accidentally taking the medicine, especially painkillers such as aspirin. Requiring safety caps sounded like a great idea, but there was an unexpected side effect. Because the safety caps are so hardto take off, some people leave them off altogether．
Worse, some parents leave the bottles where kids can reach them because they feel that it is safe because of the cap. A study on the Peltzman Effect showed that more than 3,500 children have been harmedby aspirin because of the safety caps.
The Peltzman Effect describes how we’re likely to take more risks and act more dangerously when we feel safest. What’s more, the effects of these behaviors can be quite different from what we expect.
12. What is the Peltzman Effect？
A. People behave less safely when they feel safe．
B. People feel safest when they are under protection．
C. Something that seems dangerous turns out to be safe．
D. People who act dangerously are likely to be together．
13. What does the underlined word“hazardous”in Paragraph 2 mean？
A. Interesting．
B. Expensive．
C. Dangerous．
D. Important．
14. Medicine bottles with safety caps ________．
A. are required throughout the world
B. meet the demands of the Peltzman Effect
C. sell well in the world
D. are not completely safe
15. What would be the best title for the text？
A. Unsafe Safety Measures
B. Types of Decision Making
C. People’s Fear of Taking Risks
D. Different Behaviors of People in Danger
第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

选项中有两项为多余选项To further improve your productivity and keep a better balancebetween work and life, you should be aware of how important downtime is. It always enables you to achieve the most ideal work efficiency.___16___ Making the time
For those who are not used to taking time off work and having a rest, the best way is to set a schedule for downtime.___17___Then set your alarm so that you will be reminded when it’s time to have a break, as you can easily ignore the passage of time when you are absorbed in work.
Treating your downtime strictly
___18___Without rules you may easily give up downtime and your attention can be distracted by other things, so you are recommended to set rules that prevent you from crossing the boundaries.
Take using computer as an example.___19___If you are fond of surfing the Internet or playing games during a break, you should include the use of computer in your schedule, yet there needs to be a line between what to do and what not to do with it, and why and why not to use it.
Optimizing your downtime
How long did your last week’s breaks last? Is the duration longer or shorter than the scheduled time? Was your work efficiency affected because you lost control and spent a bit too much time enjoying your breaks? Or did you lack sufficient downtime? Modify your plans based on your situations. Once you find the problem lies in carrying out the plan rather than the plan itself, you’d better crack open a book on self-discipline.
___20___Self-discipline takes a place here, and it’s essential to keep in mind that downtime isn’t equal to a waste of time. Your continued productivity and happiness really depend on it to a great extent.
A. Pay attention to the rules.
B. Have your downtime attached to rules.
C. Below are some tips for planning these breaks.
D. Highlight the needed time in black and white.
E. Following your plan could be difficult at the beginning.
F. You’d better close it if you’re not self-disciplined enough.
G. You can measure whether it is necessary in your downtime.
第二部分语言运用（共两节，满分45分）
第一节（共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分）
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项One day, in ancient Greece, the great philosopher Socrates was walking leisurely around a community garden.
A neighbor walked up to him and said, “You are never in a million years going to____21____what I just heard about one of our neighbors…”
“Wait,” the great wise man____22____. “Before you continue with this story, your words must____23____the triple filter (三重过滤) test.” The neighbor was____24____and stared at him with a blank expression. Socrates told her that the first filter was to check the____25____of the story. The second filter was to____26____whether what she was about to say was good anyway. Before he could finish his____27____, Socrates asked the woman, “Is what you want to share useful?” The neighbor thought for a moment and then said, “No, I____28____it is not really…” “So, do you want to____29____something with me that may not be true, is probably not good, and is not_____30_____?” Socrates asked. The neighbor wordlessly._____31_____. “Well, you have no good reason to tell me this_____32_____, and you have no good reason to believe it yourself,” Socrates added, as the neighbor walked away_____33_____.
In reality, every single day, we_____34_____much time and energy in gossip (流言蜚语). Especially nowadays, many of us_____35_____social media in order to know something that is far from what is true, good and useful. But the mind-numbinggossip_____36_____wastes our time and even does harm to us. So don't fall into the_____37_____of being disturbed by gossip. Instead, we should take Socrates'_____38_____and simply focus on something that is true, good, and useful. It was_____39_____to people a couple thousand years ago, and I_____40_____you that it continues to work well for many people today.
21. A. observe B. discuss C. notice D. believe
22. A. interrupted B. paused C. continued D. repeated
23. A. witness B. pass C. mark D. illustrate
24. A. disappointed B. kind-hearted C. confused D. excited
25. A. value B. theory C. appearance D. truth
26. A. look through B. find out C. talk about D. take out
27. A. question B. debate C. lesson D. task
28. A. indicate B. confirm C. understand D. suppose
29. A. leave B. compare C. share D. connect
30. A. common B. advantageous C. attractive D. possible
31. A. nodded B. ignored C. stopped D. cried
32. A. joke B. lie C. legend D. story
33. A. secretly B. confidently C. embarrassedly D. cautiously
34. A. turn B. invest C. introduce D. push
35. A. make use of B. make up for C. take care of D. take notice of
36. A. also B. only C. still D. ever
37. A. promise B. battle C. trap D. expectation
38. A. advice B. proverb C. request D. proof
39. A. beneficial B. safe C. close D. familiar
40. A. encourage B. recommend C. remind D. guarantee
第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式
You’d never think of rabbits as dreadful, destructive creatures, would you? Rabbits are cute and lovable. However, Australians discovered_____41._____harm these cute creatures can dothe hard way.
Rabbits were introduced toAustraliain 1788 as food animals. By 1827 they were running around and in 1859 a disaster_____42._____(strike). A man released 12 wild rabbits onto his farm for hunting and he must have thought that was harmless fun. But Australia has no predators (捕食者) adapted to killing rabbits and none of the diseases that kept their populations_____43._____control in Europe. By 1950, there were 600 million rabbits inAustralia.
Six hundred million hungry rabbits could do real harm. They caused more damage than any other_____44._____(species) introduced to the continent. They competed for food and shelter with native animals. They caused the extinction or endangerment of numerous creatures. And they were a nightmare for cattle and sheep farmers,_____45._____animals couldn’t get enough grass to eat and starved.
The rabbits did some good, of course. They provided food for poor families and supported fur industries.
But_____46._____(they) impact on the environment and major livestock economy was too negative to be ignored. People tried trapping them. They even built a huge wall against them. But the_____47._____(effective) weapon was a virus.
___48.___(test) multiple times, the deadly virus was released onAustralia’s rabbits in 1950. The virus had been developed very carefully to affect only rabbits. Nearly 100 percent of the rabbits who caught the disease died. Populations fell. It was_____49._____huge success. Cattle and sheep farming recovered gradually, and threatened plants were better protected._____50._____(eventual), rabbits became resistant to the virus.
第四部分写作（共两节，满分40分）
第一节短文改错（满分10分）
51.假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。

文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。

每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。

增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），并在其下面写出该加的词。

删除：把多余的词用斜线（＼）划掉。

修改：在错的词下画一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。

注意：
每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。

Last Friday, our class organized a visit to the city museum. We got to there by bus. First, we listened to the brief introduction to the museum. Then, we set out to exploring the museum in small groups. Which caught our attention first was some skillful carved bronze ware dating from the Shang Dynasty. Afterwards, we looked at some cultural relics relate to Shanxi merchants and local custom. To be honest, I felt amazing at the wide range of exhibits on display.
I benefited a lot from this experience. Not only it widen my horizons and it made me take pride in the history of my hometown.
第二节书面表达（满分25分）
52.阅读下面短文，根据所给情节进行续写，使之构成一个完整的故事。

When I first got the bird, it must have only just been hatched. Its mother had disappeared, leaving it alone and shivering in the face of the north wind. I decided to take it straight back and build it a new home.
At that time we grew a great many flowers in our house. Next to one hanging orchid (兰花) I hung another empty flowerpot and it was in this pot that the bird was to have its new home. When Dad got home, he immediately discovered the new addition to our family. Without saying a word, he turned around and left the
house. After some time, he returned and I saw that he had a handful of grass and pine needles. Obviously, Dad thought the nest I had made was far too rough and so he had decided to decorate it himself.
“A bird born at this time of year won't survive the winter.” In spite of this prediction on the bird's future, Dad very carefully fashioned the nest himself. Soon I found “Nuo Nuo” (Dad had named him) had started to grow feathers. They looked like such fine little hairs that you could only notice them if you looked really closely. I only discovered them because every day I would cup him in my hands and look at him.
Dad probably realized that he had been a little cruel in his prediction. You see, he had already started training Nuo Nuo to walk. As you know, Nuo Nuo lived in a flowerpot, not a cage or anything. When he had nothing else to do, he walked around his little home. There were times when he was a bit naughty too and he jumped down onto our dining table.
注意：1.续写词数应为150左右。

2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。

It was obvious that Nuo Nuo didn't realize he was a bird.
_____________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ The flying lessons went on regardless.
_____________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________
参考答案
1. C
2. D
3. A
4. C
5. A
6. B
7. A
8. D 9. C 10. D 11. A
12. A 13. C 14. D 15. A
16. C 17. D 18. B 19. G 20. E
21. D 22. A 23. B 24. C 25. D 26. B 27. C 28. D 29. C 30. B 31. A 32.
D 33. C 34. B 35. A 36. B 37. C 38. A 39. A 40. D
41. what
42. struck
43. under 44. species
45. whose 46. their
47. most effective
48. Tested/Having been tested
49. a 50. Eventually
51.(1). 删除to
(2). the→a
(3). exploring→explore
(4). Which→What
(5). skillful→skillfully
(6). relate→related/relating
(7). custom→customs
(8). amazing→amazed
(9). 在it前加did
(10). and→but
52.略。