上海市延安中学2018届高三上学期周测九英语试题

II. Grammar and Vocabulary
Section A
Directions: After reading the passages bel ow, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.
(A)
In a recent radio show, U.S. President Obama talked about what birthday gifts he was buying for his wife and daughters.
The president confesses that (25) ______ (choose) birthday gifts for the first lady, Michelle, is a very special challenge. He has to “rack his brain” (26) _______ ______ ______ purchase something that Michelle will appreciate. ,
“Michell e is hard to shop (27) ______,” Obama said of the first lady. “She is very fashionable and s he looks good,” ad ded the presid ent, “so I am worried about buying her clothes (28) ______ she will, on that Day, look at it and say, ‘That’s really sweet, honey,’ and peck me on the cheek---but I will never see her wear what I (29) _______(buy) for her.
N ot every Obama family member is so hard to shop for, however. Obama’s ol der daughter, Malia, is much (30) ______ (easy) to shop for. The 16-year-old is a huge film lover, so the president always gives her some classic films, One year, Obama gave Malia (31) ______ collection of the 100 greatest movies ever made, (32) ______ he thought was the best present ever to her.
Obama said he also liked to give books as birthday gifts. He noted that he and daughters Malia and Sasha had a tradition of going to an independent bookstore and buying some books for various members of the family. This year, they bought 17 books in all.
(B)
Equality used to be something people wanted to enjoy on the Internet. But do they really get what they want? I d o not think so.
When we are chatting with strangers online, it seems like nobody knows (33) ______ you are poor or rich, highly educated or a mid dl e school dropout. Even your gend er can be a mystery. However, have you ever noticed some details? For example, you have submitted your authentic personal information to a social network (34) ______ ______ everyone can know more about you, but a 40-year-ol d unemployed guy (35) ______ chats with you may tell you that he is an a “18-year-old high school girl” and you may never know the truth. Is that fair? Actually, in (36) ______ a case, peopl e are far from establishing equal relationships. On the contrary, they start to cheat and play virtual roles with their real personal information not (37) ______ (reveal).
In my opinion, equality (38) ______never ______ (achieve) online. For instance, the “V identification’’ of Sina Weibo is mainly for celebrities and peopl e with certain social status or achievements. Every day, there are thousands of people (39) ______ (foll ow) these famous “V”
users’ p osts, no matter how boring they are. It is just like how people focus on cel ebrities, private life in reality. However, when an ordinary person shares his meaningful experience online, people will hardly notice that.
Therefore, do not expect too much about online equality, because the Internet is just a replication(复制）of the real society. There will be no absolute equality in the cyber worl d (40) ______ ______ ______ in our real life.
Section B
Directions: Complete the foll owing passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
(F=BC, G=ABC, H=AB# I=AD, J=BD, K=ABD)
Christmas is the biggest holiday of the year in many countries including the US and the UK. Decorating Christmas trees, giving gifts and singing Christmas songs are just a few of the ___41___ that the two nations share. However, just as there are many cultural differences between
the two, Christmas is not exactly the same on both sid es of the Atlantic. The BBC has pointed out some ___42___ differences.
According to the BBC, the language of Christmas is not really the same in the US and the UK. Britons usually say “Happy Christmas” to each other. But “Americans will look ___43___ or chuckle to themselves if you “wish them‘Happy Christmas’, as ___44___ to ‘Merry Christmas’,” the BBC said. In addition, the shortening of Christmas to “Chrimbo”, which is common in the UK, is almost ___45___ unknown in the US doesn’t ___46___have turkey, either. The BBC ___47___ that Americans save that particular food for Thanksgiving Day, and they often go for ham or roast beef on Christmas Day. For dessert, Christmas cake, Christmas pudding and mince pies are popular in the UK. In the US, however, your post-meal treat will ___48___ be one of the foll owing: pumpkin pie, fruitcake, apple pie, pecan pie, or sweet potato pie.
During the dinner, Britons are used to putting on paper hats and pulling a Christmas cracker with a fell ow dinner. But there is no such tradition in the US, where paper hats are less common and Christmas crackers are nearly ___49___ of.
However, one thing you will find in the US, but not in the UK, is that the ___50___ Christmas d ecorations you see in movies are real. Some homeowners even turn their houses into light shows, a ccording to the BBC, “Driving through American suburbia at Christmas can sometimes feel like a tour of Disney World,” the news network d escribed.
Section A
Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked with A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.
I teach economics at UNLV three times per week. Last Monday, at the beginning of class, I ___51___asked my students how their weekend had been. One young man said that his weekend had not been so good. He had his wisd om teeth ___52___. The young man then ___53___ to ask me why I always seemed to be so cheerful.
His question remind me ___54___ something I’d read somewhere before, “Every morning when you get up, you have a cho ice about ___55___ you want to approach life that day,” I said. “I choose to be cheerful.”
“Let me give you a(n)36,” I continued, ___56___ all sixty stud ents in the class. “___57___ teaching here at UNLV, I also teach at the community coll ege in Henderson, 17 mil es d own the freeway from where I live. One day a few weeks ago I drove to Henderson. I exited the freeway and turned onto College Drive. I only had to drive another quarter mile d own the road to the coll ege. But just then my car died. I tried to sta rt it again, but the engine wouldn’t ___58___. So I put my flashers on, grabbed my books, and marched d own the road to the college.”
“As soon as I got there I called AAA(汽车协会) and arranged for a tow truck to meet me at my car ___59___ class. The secretary in the Provost’s office asked me what had happened. ”This is my lucky day, ”I replied, smiling.”
“But your car breaks d own.” She was ___60___. ”What d o you mean?”
“I live 17 miles from here.” I replied. “My car ___61___ broken d own anywhere along the freew ay. It didn’t.___62___, it broke d own in the perfect place, off the freeway, within walking distance of here. I’m still able to teach my class, and I’ve been able to arrange for the tow truck to meet me after class. If my car was ___63___to break d own toda y, it couldn’t have been arranged in a more convenient fashion.’”
“The secretary’s eyes opened wide, and then she smiled. I smiled back and ___64___ class.” So ended my story.
I scanned the sixty faces in my ___65___ class at UNLV. Despite the early hour, no one seemed to be asleep. Somehow, my story had touched them. Or maybe it wasn’t the story at all. In fact, it had all started with a student’s50that I was cheerful.
51. A. confid ently B. warmly C. creatively D. cheerfully
52. A. separated B. removed C. deleted D. transplanted
53. A. proceeded B. led C. contributed D. happened
54. A. about B. to C. of D. into
55. A. when B. what C. how D. why
56. A. addressing B. stressing C. identifying D. organizing
57. A. in relation to B. in addition to C. instead of D. in terms of
58. A. turn up B. turn off C. turn in D. turn over
59. A. before B. after C. in D. during
60. A. concerned B. puzzled C. troubl ed D. worried
61. A. coul d have B. must have C. shoul d have D. needn’t have
62. A. besid es B. however C. instead D. meanwhile
63. A. informed B. meant C. ordered D. related
64. A. headed for B. gained access to C. settled d own D. left to
65. A. observation B. engine C. speech D. economics
Section B
Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Chose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.
（A）
“Do you think former US presid ent Bill Clinton gets enough credit for ending the Korean War?”
Jimmy Kimmel, host of a talk show in the US, asked some of his audience this question in a recent episode. You may have quickly spotted that the question d oesn’t make sense, since the Korean War happened in the 1950s, while Bill Clinton was US president from 1993 to 2001.
But surprisingly, many people were fooled by this question. They seemed to be willing to say anything on camera to hide their cluelessness (毫无头绪) about this “political issue”.
Yes, it seems that political ignorance is a serious problem in the US. But a recent study done by Ipsos MORI, a l eading market research company in the UK, shows that the problem has been spreading across the world, The Washington Post reported last month.
Survey respondents in the 14 nations includ ed in the study generally had no idea about major political issues in their countries. Even in Sweden, where people are most informed about current affairs, respond ents were not well-informed on important political issues such as the unempl oyment rate, which they thought was 3 times higher than it actually is.
So why are peopl e’s ideas so far from reality?
Bobby Duffy, managing director of Ipsos MORI’s Social Research Institute, wrote in The Guardian that it was because people had problems with basic math and some cl early misunderstood the questions.
“When people need to do fast thinking, they take all sorts of mental shortcuts, where they
grab (抓住) easily available information even if it doesn’t quite fit the question,” wrote Duffy.
The media also plays a role in confusing us. Take the murder rate as an exampl e. Increasing media coverage of crime makes many peopl e believe that the murder rate is going up even though it has actually been falling in the 14 nations from the study.
However, “the real driver is how we remember information, where anecdotes (奇闻异事) stick, even if they are describ ing something very rare,” said Duffy.
However, those misperceptions (误解) are not all wrong – peopl e also send a message about what’s worrying them when answering questions about subjects such as the crime and unempl oyment rates. “Cause and effect can run b oth ways, with our concern leading to our misperceptions as much as our misperceptions creating our concern,” he add ed.
Although many people d on’t think of these misperceptions as a serious probl em, these mistakes might have serious political results that would eventually affect everyone’s well-being, Ilya Somin, professor of law at George Mason University, wrote in a Washington Post blog.
“Overestimating (估计过高) the crime rate may produce exaggerated (夸张的) safety worries among citizens, causing distrust and indifference between strangers,” wrote Somin. “Whil e overestimating the numbers of immigrants may lead to fears of being destroyed by foreign cultures and increase support for limiting migration, which can bring harm on both immigrants and natives.”
66. B y mentioning Jimmy Kimmel’s talk show in the first paragraphs, the author intends to______.
A. remind people of Korean War
B. show that many peopl e are ignorant of political Issue
C. introduce the read er to an important political issue
D. show how Jimmy Ki mmel fooled his talk show’s entire audience
67. Which of the foll owing may not be the reason why people have misperception about political issue?
A. The media misl eads its audience
B. They easily mistake anecdotes for facts that are widely known
C. They sometimes underestimate the murder rate
D. They are poor at basic math
68. What is the best d escription of Ilya Somin’s attitud e toward people’s misperceptions about political issues in the article?
A. It is not a serious probl em
B. It may have a bad effect on social stability
C. It may cause people to admire foreign cultures blindly
D. The political results caused by these mistakes are exaggerated
69. What does the passage mainly tell us?
A. Introducing divided opinions on misconceptions on political issues
B. Illustrating the technique of hosting a talk show
C. Pointing out how littl e the respondents involved in the study show
D. Explaining the reasons for misconception and possible consequence
（B）
The great Asian space race
When India became the first Asian nation to successfully reach Mars this September, it immediately brought up images of the battle between the elephant and the red dragon.However, the reality of a potenial Asian space is much complicated. Here is a look at the regional players.
India
T he Indian Space Research Organization(ISRO)enjoys the Mangalyaan’s successful mission to Mars. On top of being the first country to successfully reach the red planet on its first voyage, India joins the Soviets, NASA and the European Space Agency(ESA) ad the only ones to accomplish deed.
Japan
As the first Asian country to successfully launch a satellite into orbit-way back in 1970-Japan’s space program is one of Asia’s ol dest and technol ogically advanced. Whil e it has cooperated with the USA on missile（导弹）defense since 1999, it is currently starting a new era.
New law has passed the space program to the authorities. The d oor has opened for limited military programs and this August, plans were announced to launch a military space force by 2019, designed to monitor dangerous debris(碎片) fl oating cl ose to earth an protecting satellites from conflicts or attacks.
South Korea
While th korean Aerospace Research Institute(KARI) was established in 1989, south korean has been a relatively late entrant in Asia’s space race.Due to their cooperation with the US and out of concerns of accelerating a regional arms race with their neighbors, its space program was restricted to foreign collaboration-building, a network of communications an remote-sensing satellites with foreign technol ogy and launching their own scientific satellites on others boosters.
In 2018, they signed a deal with Russia to aid in the construction of a space center on Verarod o Island, located in the strait sparating Korea from Japan.They also received three rockets to try to launch into orbit. After failures in 2018 and 2018, the third time was a charm with the country becoming the 11th nation to launch a satellite into orbit from its own。