中考复习--主谓一致语法专题

中考复习--主谓一致语法专题
主谓一致，即主语和谓语动词在人称和数上的一致。

主谓一致的原则可大致归为以下三类：语法一致原则（谓语动词必须在人称和数上与主语保持一致）、意义一致原则（由主语所表示的意义来决定谓语动词的数）、就近原则（谓语动词的人称和数与邻近的词语保持一致）。

以下是主谓一致的具体应用：
即学即练
Ⅰ. 用be动词的适当形式填空。

The publication of Great Expectations, which ________ both widely reviewed and highly praised, strengthened Dickens' status as a leading novelist. （2017 江苏）Fast food ________ full of fat and salt; by eating more fast food people will get more salt and fat than they need in their diet. （2017 全国卷I）
Ⅱ. 用括号内所给动词的适当形式完成下面短文。

I want to introduce my class to you. My class 1. ______ (be) very small and there 2. ______ (be) only 20 students in it. Among us 11 3. ______ (be) boys and the others 4. ______ (be) girls. All of us 5. ______ (be) getting along well with each other. None of us 6. ______ (have) quarrelled with each other. Every boy and every girl 7. ______ (help) each other in every subject, so nobody 8. ______ (fail) in any exam. Our headmaster often 9. ______ (praise) us for our helping each other. Every weekend, there 10. ______ (be) a meeting, which our headmaster, together with five of us, 11. ______ (attend) to discuss how to make our class better. Such 12. ______ (be) our class, a happy and friendly family.
Keys:
Ⅰ. 1. was 2. is
Ⅱ. 1. is 2. are 3. are 4. are
5. are
6. have / has
7. helps
8. fails 9. praises 10. is
11. attends 12. is
一、英语阅读理解专项练习试卷
1．阅读理解
Dear August,
Welcome to the world! Your mom and I are so excited to see who you will become.
When your sister was born, we wrote a letter about the world we hoped she and now you will grow up in a world with better education, ____________, stronger communities, and greater equality（平等）. We wrote that with all the progress in science and technology, your generation（一代人）should live much better lives than ours, and we have a responsibility（责任）to do our part to make that happen.
But rather than write about growing up, we want to talk about childhood. The world can be a serious place. That's why it's important to make time to go outside and play.
You will be busy when you're older, so I hope you take time to smell all the flowers and put all the leaves you want in your bucket now. I hope you read your favorite Dr. Seuss books so many times you started inventing your own stories about the Viper Of VIPP. I hope you ride the carousel (旋转木马) with Max until you have tamed（驯服）every color horse. I hope you run as many laps（圈）around our living room and yard as you want. And then I hope you take a lot of naps. I hope you're a great sleeper. And I hope even in your dreams you feel how much we love you. Childhood is magical. You only get to be a child once, so don't spend it worrying too much about future. You have got us for that, and we'll do everything we possibly can to make sure the world is a better place for you and all children in your generation. August, we love you so much and we're so excited to go on this adventure with you. We wish you a life of joy, love and the same hope you give us.
Love,
Mom and Dad （1）Who wrote the letter?
A. Mother
B. Father
C. Sister
D. Brother
（2）Which of the following is the best for "_______ " in the second paragraph?
A. fewer diseases.
B. more wealth
C. more flowers
D. big house
（3）Which of the following is not mentioned in the last paragraph？
A. Get closer to nature
B. Read, run and play freely
C. Feel loved even in her dream
D. Grow up in a world with more wealth
（4）The writer wrote the letter with the main purpose of showing his_________.
A. excitement about the coming of August
B. love to his two daughters
C. his hope for a happy childhood of August
D. expectation towards August
【答案】（1）B
（2）A
（3）D
（4）C
【解析】【分析】文章大意：这是一封父母写给刚出生不久的女儿的----八月的一封信。

信里大致表达了让女儿尽情美好的童年，体现了浓浓的父爱。

（1）细节题，根据Welcome to the world! Your mom and I are so excited to see who you will become.可知是父亲执笔给女儿的信，故选B。

（2）推理判断题，根据空前better education更好的教育，及空后的内容stronger communities, and greater equality更强大的社区，更平等的社会，可推断出此空应该是更少的疾病，故选A。

（3）细节题，根据最后一段so I hope you take time to smell all the flowers and put all the leaves you want in your bucket now. I hope you read your favorite Dr. Seuss books ，I hope you ride the carousel (旋转木马) with Max until you have tamed（驯服）every color horse. I hope you run as many laps（圈）around our living room and yard as you want. I hope even in your dreams you feel how much we love you. 可知没有提到D项，故选D。

（4）写作意图题，通读整篇文章可知，作者给女儿的信，希望女儿能享受美好的童年生活。

故选C。

【点评】考查阅读理解。

本文涉及细节题、推断题和写作意图题三种常考题型，细节题要注意从文中寻找答案；推断题需要联系上下文，推断出需要的信息；写作意图题需要通读全文，了解大意之后找出作者的写作意图。

2．阅读下列材料，从A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳答案。

Cinyee Chiu, an artist from Taiwan, is always happy to try something new. Her amazing works won lots of prizes. Among them, "24 Solar Terms(节气)" is the most popular.
Ancient Chinese divided a year into 24 parts according to the changes of the weather. It's the 24 solar terms. But not everyone knows them well. Cinyee Chiu put the 24 solar terns in pictures to help people understand them better.
Cinyee turned each solar term into an animal. But these animals are not just animals. You can also find seasonal fruits, vegetables or beautiful flowers on them.
When spring comes, water gets warm and fish start to swim around. So Cinyee chose fish as a symbol of Start of Spring. Also, she drew spring vegetables, Chinese chives on the back of the fish.
White Dew falls on about Sept. 8. It shows the beginning of the cool autumn. There are colorful leaves and cooler nights at this time of year. As the temperature falls, white dew(露珠) is often seen on the grass and trees at night. For White Dew, Cinyee chose a raccoon—a small animal with thick hair. She drew white spots(小圆点) on the raccoon to show dew. And she used the dragon fruit to show the rich colors in autumn.
The young artist really gave the ancient Chinese culture a new look.
（1）The writer gave ____ examples to show Cinyee's "24 Solar Terms".
A. two
B. three
C. four
D. five
（2）From Paragraph 5, we know that ____.
A. a raccoon likes fish
B. Start of Spring falls on about Dec. 8
C. White Dew shows the end of the autumn
D. Cinyee used white spots to show dew
（3）According to the passage, Picture ____ can't be from Cinyee's "24 Solar Terms".
A.
B.
C.
D.
（4）The writer mainly wants to talk about ____.
A. why Cinyee made herself known
B. who divided a year into 24 parts
C. how Cinyee showed the 24 solar terms
D. what Start of Spring and White Dew mean
【答案】（1）A
（2）D
（3）D
（4）C
【解析】【分析】文章大意：艺术家辛业秋以图片的形式将中国的二十四节气变成24种动物及相应的季节性的水果、蔬菜或美丽的花朵，帮助人们更好地理解它们。

（1）理解归纳题。

通读文中的第四、五段可知，本文列举了两个实例来说明了辛业秋二十四节气的表现方式及内容，故选A。

（2）细节理解题。

根据文中的语句She drew white spots(小圆点) on the raccoon to show dew.理解可知，Cinyee 用白点来显示白露，故选D。

（3）细节理解题。

根据文中的语句Cinyee turned each solar term into an animal. But these animals are not just animals. You can also find seasonal fruits, vegetables or beautiful flowers on them.理解可知，在每个节气上有动物，水果，蔬菜以及鲜花。

分析四副图片可知第四幅不是来自Cinyee的二十四节气，故选D。

（4）理解归纳题。

通读全文可知，此文主要介绍了Cinyee是怎样展示中国二十四节气的，故选C。

【点评】考阅读理解。

本题主要涉及细节理解题和主旨大意题。

细节理解题可以直接从文中找到答案，而主旨大意题需要认真阅读仔细理解，归纳出中心思想。

3．根据短文内容选择正确答案。

B
“Do you believe in life after death?” Jack's boss asked Jack.
“Yes, Sir.”
“Well, then, that makes everything just fine,” the boss went on. “About an hour after you left yester day to go to your grandfather's funeral(葬礼), he dropped in to see you.”
（1）What do you think Jack did the day before?
A. He attended his grandfather's funeral.
B. He did nothing special and he worked as usual.
C. He meant to attend a funeral but didn't.
D. He told a lie to get the day off.
（2）What do you guess Jack's grandfather was doing the day before?
A. He had been dead for some days but suddenly came to life again.
B. He was thought to be dead but in fact well and alive.
C. He was doing his usual business.
D. He learned that Jack had cheated his boss and came to see him.
（3）When the boss said, "That makes everything just fine", he _______.
A. meant he was glad that Jack’s grandfather was still alive
B. was, in fact, telling Jack that he had been found out
C. was, in fact, telling Jack that everything was OK
D. meant he was glad that Jack believed in life after death
【答案】（1）D
（2）C
（3）B
【解析】【分析】这是一个笑话，Jack借口参加祖父的葬礼而请假刚离开不久，他的祖父来看他。

老板借用人死后后灵魂来揭穿Jack的谎言。

（1）推理判断。

根据老板的话About an hour after yo u left yesterday to go to your grandfather’s funeral(葬礼), he dropped in to see you.可知他撒了谎，故选D。

（2）推理判断。

从对话中可知Jack 的祖父是顺便来看他，drop in顺便走访。

故选C。

（3）推理判断。

老板这样说的意思是他在告诉Jack这样就能解释“你的祖父来看你”了，也就是告诉Jack 他知道Jack说谎了。

故选B。

【点评】故事类阅读要紧扣故事的时间线索，人物间的关系，故事的发展和结局，点明的主旨等信息。

答题时注意问题中的关键词在文章中的准确定位，根据关键词查找信息，切忌主观臆断，凭感觉做题
4．阅读理解
A young man with a large bag on his back came far away for a master (大师). He said "Master, I'm so lonely and so painful that the long trip makes me tired out, my shoes worn-out, my feet cut, and my hands also injured an bleeding .... Why can't I find the sun in the heart?"
The master asked, "What do you put in you large bag?"
The young man said, "It is very important to me, inside it including the pain each time I fall, the tears each time I'm hurt, the trouble each time I feel lonely ... Depending on it, I can come to you here."
So the master took the young man to the river which they crossed in a boat. On the other side of the river, the master said, "Hurry on your journey carrying the boat!"
"What, carrying the boat?" the young man was surprised, "it is so heavy. How can I carry it?"
"Yes, my son, you can't carry it," the master just smiled and said, "when you cross the river, the boat is useful. But after crossing it, you will put down the boat and hurry on, If not, it will become a burden (负担). Pain, loneliness and tears—all these are useful to life. They can improve life, but if you don't forget them all the time, they will become the burden in life. Put it down! My son, life can't bear(承受) a heavy burden," The young man put down his bag and hurried on. He walked easily and happily, and much faster than before.
（1）What do the underlined words "the sun" probably mean?
A. Health.
B. Wealth.
C. Success.
D. Happiness.
（2）What's in his large bag?
A. Clothes, tears and food.
B. Pain, tears and trouble.
C. Clothes, food and water.
D. Pain, water and trouble.
（3）How did they cross the river?
A. By boat.
B. On foot.
C. By swimming.
D. Across the bridge.
（4）Why did the master ask him to carry the boat?
A. To teach him to improve his life.
B. To tell him the boat is very useful.
C. To tell him the boat is very important.
D. To teach him to put down his burden.
（5）How did the young man feel after he put down his bag at last?
A. Awful.
B. Painful.
C. Relaxed.
D. Surprised.
【答案】（1）D
（2）B
（3）A
（4）D
（5）C
【解析】【分析】大意：本文讲述疼痛，孤独和泪水都对我们很有用，它们可以改善我们的生活，但是如果一直不能忘记，它们就会成为我们生活中的负担，因此要学会适当的放弃负担的故事。

（1）词义猜测题。

根据Why can't I find the sun in the heart?" inside it including the pain each time I fall, the tears each time I'm hurt, the trouble each time I feel lonely ... 可知，为什么我心中不能发现太阳，在它里面是我每次摔跤的痛苦，受伤的泪水孤独时的忧愁，可推出the sun在此处的意思是“不开心”，故选D。

（2）细节题。

根据inside it including the pain each time I fall, the tears each time I'm hurt, the trouble each time I feel lonely ... 可知，他袋子里装了痛苦，眼泪和忧愁，故选B。

（3）细节题。

根据So the master took the young man to the river which they crossed in a boat.可知，他们坐船过河，故选A。

（4）细节题。

根据Put it down! My son, life can't bear(承受) a heavy burden,可知，通过背着船过河是为了教他放弃负担。

故选D。

（5）推断题。

根据He walked easily and happily, and much faster than before.可知，他放下包后感到轻松。

故选C。

【点评】考查阅读理解。

细节题、推断题和词义猜测题是阅读理解题中常考题型。

细节题需要从文中寻找答案；推断题需要联系上下文，推断出需要的信息；词句猜测题需要联系上下文，推出词句的意思。

5．阅读理解
Two men were going through a forest.
"I am afraid," said one, "that we may meet with wild animals." "Fear nothing, friend Quickwit," cried the other,
whose name was Braggart, "If they come at us, we shall stand by one another like men. I have a strong arm, a strong heart, and…"
"Hark!" cried the first in fear, as a low sound was heard from somewhere nearby, Braggart, who was light and nimble, climbed up a tree like a squirrel (松鼠), leaving his friend, who was not so active, to face the danger alone! Quickwit could do nothing but throw himself on the ground and pretended(假装) to be dead; for he had heard that bears would never touch a dead body. In no time the bear camp up to him, sniffed(用鼻子吸气) at him. Quickwit did not dare to move; and the bear, thinking him dead, went off into the wood again, leaving him quite unharmed!
When Braggart saw that the danger was over, he came down from the tree and tried to pass off the matter with a joke. "Well, my friend Quickwit," he said, "what did the bear say to you when he put his mouth dose to your ear?"
"He told me," replied Quickwit, "never again to trust a man who talks big like you!"
（1）The correct order of the following events is .
a. Two men were going through a forest.
b. Quickwit threw himself on the ground.
c. Braggart climbed up a tree like a squirrel.
d. A low sound was heard from somewhere nearby.
A. a-b-d-c
B. a-d-c-b.
C. d-a-c-b
D. d-b-c-a
（2）The bear left Quickwit because it .
A. was hit by Braggart
B. felt pity for him
C. thought he was dead
D. didn't like his smell
（3）We can learn from the passage that .
A. a true friend reaches for your hand
B. a friend to all is a friend to none
C. a good friend is a good listener
D. a real friend never argues with you
（4）The best title for the passage would be .
A. A Fight Between Two Travelers
B. The Travelers and the Bear
C. A Kind-hearted Bear
D. A True Friend in Trouble
【答案】（1）B
（2）C
（3）A
（4）B
【解析】【分析】大意：文章主要讲述了两个男人在森林里遇到熊的故事。

（1）细节理解题。

根据Two men were going through a forest. 两个男人正在穿越森林—— a low sound was heard from somewhere nearby 一个奇怪的声音从附近传来—— Braggart, who was light and nimble, climbed up a tree like a squirrel (松鼠) Braggart像松鼠一样爬上树—— Quickwit could do nothing but throw himself on
the ground and pretended(假装) to be dead .Quickwit躺在地上装死，可知事情发生的正确顺序为a—d—c—b。

故选B
（2）细节理解题。

根据第三段and the bear, thinking him dead .可知，熊以为他死了。

故选C。

（3）推理判断题。

根据文章，熊来了的时候Braggart没有伸出援手而是自己爬上树，说明他不是一个真正的朋友，真正的朋友是会伸出援手的。

故选A。

（4）主旨大意题。

通读全文可知，文章主要讲了两个男人在森林里遇到熊的故事，因此旅行者和熊是最好的标题。

故选B。

【点评】考查阅读理解。

本文涉及细节题、推断题和主旨题三种常考题型，细节题要注意从文中寻找答案；推断题需要联系上下文，推断出需要的信息；主旨题需要通读全文，了解大意之后找出中心思想。