2021年春新人教版高中英语必修第三册同步课时练 Unit 4 Reading and Thinki

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十Unit 4Reading and Thinking
Ⅰ. 单词拼写
1. Once upon a time they were driven to the northern frontier(边境).
2. The driver managed to escape from the vehicle(车辆)and shouted for help.
3. There was nothing yet for the satellite(卫星)cameras to pick up.
4. As we all know, the earth is in orbit(轨道)around the sun.
5. The young people should make a greater contribution to mankind(人类).
6. If you lose these data(资料), I’ll never forgive you.
7. Soviet rockets have launched (发射)more satellites into orbit in the past few years.
8. He was without question one of the giants(伟人) of Japanese literature.
9. There is an ongoing (进行中的)discussion within the party about this.
10. The United States may soon have a manned spacecraft (航天器)on Mars.
Ⅱ. 选词填空
1. There can be no doubt that you will succeed in your scientific research.
2. They need to interview some people and find out if they like their jobs.
3. A ship was leaving the harbor and we saw the people on board waving.
4. You look up at the sky and if it’s clear, it is a good day and you’re happy.
5. Some of his supporters have stopped believing in him.
6. When things go wrong at work, our health can suffer.
7. Please carry on what you were saying.
8. They moved to Liege in the hope of getting better treatment.
Ⅲ. 完成句子
1. The second thing to do is that we should get along well with others and learn to respect each other.
要做的第二件事是我们应该与其他人和睦地相处并学会互相尊敬。

2. We arrived early at the theatre so as to sit in the front seats. 我们早早来到剧院, 以便占到前排座位。

3. This is because it requires each member of the team to think differently.
这是因为它要求小组内的每个成员的想法都不同。

4. Next month, when you will spend your holidays in your town, is coming.
下个月即将来临, 届时你们将在家乡度暑假。

5. The teacher was telling a story, surrounded by several lovely kids.
那位老师在讲故事, 几个可爱的孩子围在身边。

Ⅰ. 阅读理解
A
(2020·绍兴高一检测) An international team of scientists has discovered a stellar black hole in Earth’s “cosmic backyard” containing the mass of 70 suns.
It’s a black hole that forms after stars die, collapse, and explode. Researchers had long believed that the size limit was only 20 times the mass of our sun because as these stars die, they lose most of their mass through explosions that force matter and gas swept away by stellar winds.
This theory has now been toppled by LB-1, the newly discovered black hole. Located about 15, 000 light years away, it has a mass 70 times greater than our sun, according to a press release from the Chinese Academy of Sciences.
“Black holes of such mass should not even exist in our galaxy (星系), according to most of the present models of stellar evolution, ” said Liu
Jifeng, head of the team that made the discovery.
“LB-1 is twice as massive as what we thought possible. Now theorists will have to take up the challenge of explaining its formation. ”
Scientists are now scratching their heads at how LB-1 got so huge.
The team has proposed some theories. LB-1’s sheer size suggests that it “was not formed from the collapse of only one star, ” the study said —instead, it could potentially be two smaller black holes orbiting each other.
Another possibility is that it formed fro m“fallback supernova (超新星)”. This is when a supernova —the last stage of an exploding star —ejects (喷射) material during the explosion, which then falls back into the supernova, creating a black hole. This fallback formation is theoretically possible, but scientists have never been able to prove or observe it.
There are several types of black holes and stellar black holes like LB-1 are on the smaller side, according to NASA. Supermassive black holes are much bigger — they can be billions of times the mass of our sun.
Scientists believe supermassive black holes may have connection with the formation of galaxies, as they often exist at the center of the mass star stems but it is still not clear exactly how, or which form first.
【文章大意】本文是一篇科普说明文, 主要是与读者分享黑洞发现的新进展。

1. According to scientists, what might account for the formation of LB-1?
A. The material ejected in the explosion of a supernova.
B. The smaller black holes moving around each other.
C. The evolution of the solar system.
D. The collapse of a certain star.
【解析】选B。

细节理解题。

根据文章的六、七段可知, LB-1不是由一颗行星的爆炸解体形成的, 而是两个小的黑洞相互环绕形成的, 故选B。

2. What does the word “toppled” in Paragraph 3 probably mean?
A. Confirmed.
B. Strengthened.
C. Overturned.
D. Refused.
【解析】选C。

词义猜测题。

根据前文可知, 这是原先有关黑洞的理论, 根据上下文可知, LB-1是一个新的黑洞, 与原先研究人员认为的不同, 故前文所讲述的黑洞理论将会被推翻、否认, 从而可以猜测toppled为“推翻”之意。

故选C。

3. What is the purpose of writing this article?
A. To inform readers of the basic knowledge about black holes.
B. To share the recent development of the black hole discovery.
C. To show the importance of discovering black holes for science.
D. To report achievements scientists have made in black hole theory.
【解析】选B。

推理判断题。

阅读全文可知, 文章主要围绕黑洞新发现展开, 根据内容(包括黑洞如何形成、黑洞的大小等)可知, 作者写这篇文章是为了与读者分享黑洞发现的新进展, 故B选项为正确答案。

4. What might be the best title for the passage?
A. The Latest Discovery of Galaxies
B. Proposed Theories of Black Holes
C. The Possible Formation of the Black Holes
D. Biggest Stellar-mass Black Hole Discovered
【解析】选D。

主旨大意题。

根据文章围绕的“黑洞新发现”以及下文可知新发现的黑洞的质量是超级大的, 原先理论认为黑洞的质量大约只有太阳的20倍, 可知最新发现的黑洞的质量是最大的, 故选D。

B
Satellites are an important part of our ordinary lives. For example, the information for weather forecasts is sent by satellite. Some satellites have cameras which take photographs of the Earth to show how clouds are moving. Satellites are also used to connect our international phone calls.
Computer connections of the World Wide Web and the Internet also use satellites. Many of our TV programmes come to us through satellites. Airplane pilots also sometimes use a satellite to help them find their exact location.
We use satellites to send television pictures from one part of the world to another. They are usually 35, 880 kilometres above the equator (赤道). Sometimes we can see a satellite in the sky and it seems to stay in the same place. This is because it is moving around the world at 11, 000 kilometres
an hour — exactly the same speed that the earth rotates (转动). A satellite must orbit the Earth with its antennae (天线) facing the earth. Sometimes, it moves away from its orbit, so there are little rockets on it which are used to put the satellite back in the right position. This usually happens about every five or six days.
Space is not empty! Every week, more and more satellites are sent into space to orbit the Earth. A satellite usually works for about 10～12 years. Satellites which are broken are sometimes repaired by astronauts or sometimes brought back to the Earth to be repaired. Often, very old or broken satellites are left in space to orbit the Earth for a very long time. This is very serious because some satellites use nuclear power and they can crash into each other.
【文章大意】本文是一篇科普说明文。

文章对各种卫星的用途、卫星工作的状态以及人们对已损坏卫星的处理办法进行了解释说明。

5. Which of the following is NOT done by satellites according to the passage?
A. Sending information for weather forecasts.
B. Taking photographs of the Earth.
C. Sending TV pictures.
D. Providing food for airplane pilots.
【解析】选D。

细节理解题。

根据第一段和第三段可以看出, 卫星可以传递天气预报信息、拍摄地球照片、传递电视图片等, 但是没说为飞行
员提供食物。

6. Why does the satellite move around the world at the same speed as the Earth rotates?
A. In order to take photographs.
B. In order to stay in a certain position in the orbit.
C. In order to move away from its orbit.
D. In order to send television pictures.
【解析】选B。

细节理解题。

根据第三段内容可以看出, 卫星之所以用和地球自转相同的速度绕地球旋转, 是为了保持在一定位置上。

7. What does the underlined word “This” in the 3rd paragraph refer to?
A. A satellite.
B. A little rocket.
C. A satellite seems to stay in the same place in the sky.
D. The satellite puts the rockets in the right position.
【解析】选C。

词义猜测题。

This在此替代前文的“Sometimes we can see
a satellite in the sky and it seems to stay in the same place. ”。

8. Which is true of satellites?
A. The mission(飞行任务) lifetime of a satellite is usually about 10～12 years.
B. Every time a satellite gets broken, it is brought back to the Earth to be repaired.
C. A broken satellite is never left in space.
D. Broken satellites often crash into each other.
【解析】选A。

细节理解题。

根据最后一段第三句可知, 卫星工作的寿命通常为10～12年。

A项正确。

Ⅱ. 阅读填句
Little Etiquette(礼仪) Rules for Flying on an Airplane Being a polite passenger starts with just a few easy steps.
Help your fellow traveler
1, offer to lift a fellow passenger’s up there, too. Not only is it kind, but it could make the boarding process more efficient for everyone else.
Keep your personal things, well, personal
It’s important to be mindful of your personal belongings. 2, as you walk down the aisles (过道), by keeping it in front of you and close to your body. And once you sit down, you should stay there, and make sure you have everything you will need for the flight once you settle in your seat. Reaching over other passengers to access the overhead storage during the flight is uncomfortable for everyone.
3
In the narrow space of an airplane, maintaining your personal space will go a long way towards making a smoother ride for everyone. Let the middle-seat passenger use the armrests (it’s the least you can do), and keep your legs within the width of the chair frame.
Be willing to swap seats with a family
Airlines sometimes reserve certain seats for special passengers or charge extra fees for adjacent (毗连的) ones, making it tough for family members to buy seats together. 4, offer to switch seats so that a family can sit beside each other; it’s a kind gesture that they won’t forget. 5, as switching seats while everyone is boarding can be an inconvenience for those standing in the walkways.
A. If you’re traveling alone
B. If they avoid eye contact
C. Avoid bringing smelly food
D. Respect your (limited) space
E. Avoid hitting other passengers with your bag
F. While you’re loading your carry-on bag into the overhead space
G. But be sure to delay swapping until the plane has reached the safe altitude
【文章大意】本文为一篇说明文, 主要介绍了在飞机上做一个有礼貌的乘客的几个简单的方法。

1. 【解析】选F。

根据后面的“offer to lift a fellow passenger’s up there, too”中的there, too可知, 当你把随身行李放进头顶上方的行李架时, 你也可以主动提出帮同行的乘客把行李放上去。

2. 【解析】选E。

根据小标题Keep your personal things, well, personal 和空后的“as you walk down the aisles, by keeping it in front of you and
close to your body”可知, 当你在过道上走的时候, 把它放在你前面, 靠近你的身体。

此处it指的是E项中的“your bag”, E项“避免你的包撞到其他乘客”符合语境。

3. 【解析】选D。

根据下文提到的“在狭小的机舱里, 保持你的个人空间十分有助于每个人有一个更顺利的旅行。

让中间座位的乘客使用扶手(这是你最起码能做的), 并保持你的腿放在椅子框架的宽度之内”可知, 本段主要讲尊重你有限的空间。

故D项适合作此处的小标题。

4. 【解析】选A。

根据前句“Airlines sometimes reserve certain seats for special passengers or charge extra fees for adjacent ones, making it tough for family members to buy seats together”(航空公司有时会为特殊乘客预留某些座位, 或者对相邻的座位收取额外费用, 这使得家庭成员很难购买在一起的座位), 再结合空后的“offer to switch seats so that a family can sit beside each other”(主动提出调换座位, 让一家人坐在一起)可知, 空处应是描述你能够跟别人调换座位的前提, 故A项“如果你是独自一人旅行”符合语境。

5. 【解析】选G。

根据小标题Be willing to swap seats with a family中的swap和下文解释的原因“as switching seats while everyone is boarding can be an inconvenience for those standing in the walkways”可知, 此处指的是“但请务必直到飞机到达安全高度之后再交换座位”。

Ⅲ. 完形填空
“It’s too late for me, Susan. I’m too 1for school, ” said Sharron. “How old are you? ” Susan asked. “I’m thirty. ” Susan pointed at
the bruises on Sharron’s wrists, “I’m familiar with ‘2’ like these. Honey, it’s never too late to 3your dream. Let me tell you how I know. ”
Susan began 4 a part of her life few knew about. “At my 5 settlement, the judge gave our sons to my husband 6I was only nineteen and he felt I couldn’t provide for them. The 7of him taking my babies left me weeping. To make things 8, my husband took the boys and moved, cutting all contact I had with them. Just like the judge predicted, I 9to make ends meet. I found work as a waitress, working for 10only. Many days my meals 11milk and biscuits. The most difficult thing was the 12in my soul. I lived in a tiny one-room apartment and the loneliness would defeat me. I wished I could play with my babies and hear them laugh. ”
Even 13four decades, the memory was still painful. Sharron’s eyes were filled with tears as she reached out to 14Susan. Susan continued, “I remarried and had a daughter. She became my reason for living until she went to college. Then I was 15where I started, not knowing what to do with 16—until the day my mother had an operation. I watched the nurses care for her and thought: I can do that. I 17to take steps toward my goal. I began 18until late at night. ” Susan paused and looked 19in Sharron’s eyes, “I received my diploma when I was forty-six years old. ”
Tears rolled down Sharron’s cheeks. Here was someone offering the key that might unlock the door of her 20life.
【文章大意】本文为一篇记叙文。

Sharron意志消沉, 不能自拔, Susan 用自己的亲身经历告诉她: 追逐自己的梦想永远都不晚。

1. A. old B. young C. fair D. poor
【解析】选A。

由上文“It’s too late for me”及下文“How old are you”可知, Sharron觉得自己年龄太大了, 不适合上学了。

2. A. limits B. dreams
C. problems
D. efforts
【解析】选C。

Susan此处意指对方年龄大和手腕上的伤痕两个问题。

3. A. become B. follow
C. accept
D. admit
【解析】选B。

追逐自己的梦想永远不晚。

4. A. suffering B. preferring
C. enjoying
D. sharing
【解析】选D。

由上文“Let me tell you how I know. ”及下文Susan讲的内容可知, 她与对方分享自己的经历。

5. A. family B. wealth C. service D. divorce
【解析】选D。

由下文失去儿子的监护权和丈夫搬家可知, Susan提及自己的离婚协议。

6. A. if B. though C. because D. until
【解析】选C。

“I was only nineteen and he felt I couldn’t provide for them”
是Susan失去孩子的监护权的原因。

7. A. blow B. chance C. belief D. loss
【解析】选A。

由weeping可知, 丈夫带走孩子对Susan而言是沉重的打击。

8. A. better B. worse C. easier D. clearer
【解析】选B。

由下文前夫带孩子搬家, 切断所有的联系方式可知, 情况对于Susan而言更糟了。

9. A. saved B. expected
C. promised
D. struggled
【解析】选D。

由上文“he felt I couldn’t provide for them”可知, 正如法官所预料的, Susan勉强度日。

10. A. tips B. fun
C. honor
D. experiences
【解析】选A。

服务员的工资仅靠小费。

11. A. led to B. consisted of
C. turned to
D. brought in
【解析】选B。

有一段时间, Susan的三餐都是牛奶和饼干。

12. A. arrival B. recovery
C. emptiness
D. pleasure
【解析】选C。

由下句中的loneliness可知, 让Susan最难以忍受的是内心的空虚。

13. A. for B. in C. after D. under
【解析】选C。

由the memory可知, Susan是在离婚40年后回忆往事。

14. A. comfort B. question
C. welcome
D. push
【解析】选A。

由“Sharron’s eyes were filled with tears”可知, Sharron伸手安慰仍在痛苦中的Susan。

15. A. over B. ahead C. back D. down
【解析】选C。

女儿离家上大学, Susan觉得自己的生活又回到了原点。

16. A. myself B. her C. it D. that
【解析】选A。

由上文“She became my reason for living”可知, 生活中Susan一直找不到自我。

17. A. asked B. decided C. managed D. failed
【解析】选B。

由“I can do that. ”可知, Susan决定为实现梦想采取实际行动。

18. A. sleeping B. studying
C. waking
D. working
【解析】选B。

Susan的具体行动就是熬夜学习。

19. A. immediately B. sadly
C. slightly
D. directly
【解析】选D。

Susan直视Sharron, 想用自己的努力成果来鼓励她。

20. A. peaceful B. normal
C. busy
D. dark
【解析】选D。

由文章开始对Sharron自我迷茫、手腕上有伤的描述可
知, 她认为生活没有希望, 看不到未来。

关闭Word文档返回原板块。